综训12：阅读理解部分 -阅读单选、阅读六选四组合练（II）（综合训练）（上海专用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

**基本信息** 聚焦高考英语阅读理解综合能力，整合单选与六选四题型，通过上海名校高三真题，系统考查语言理解、逻辑分析及跨文化认知。 **综合设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解单选|8篇（每篇4题）|涵盖细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意、词义猜测，主题涉及个人经历、社会现象、消费观念等|以语篇为载体，由信息定位到深度理解，构建“文本信息-逻辑推理-文化解读”认知链，提升语言能力与思维品质| |六选四填空|2篇（每篇4空）|考查篇章结构、上下文衔接及逻辑关系，选材涉及科学研究、植物智能等|通过句间逻辑分析，强化语篇连贯意识，培养信息整合与学习能力，呼应高考对语篇建构能力的要求|

综合训练12：阅读理解单选、阅读六选四组合练（II） （满分：60分，推荐用时：60分钟） 第一套 Section A Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A 【来源】上海市华师二附中2025-2026学年高三3月测试英语试题 After receiving tenure (终身职位) in 2022 I considered taking a vacation. But I had 15 people in my lab, a partner who is also in academia with his own lab, and two children in elementary school. I felt I could not step away for a year. Then I connected with researchers in Uruguay seeking a collaborator experienced in my area, and I got a short-term Fulbright fellowship to explore the opportunity. I envisioned my 3-month stay as an intense period of lab work, data collection and scientific discoveries. The 5-hour time difference would leave me with enough hours to catch up with my lab and family back home. When I arrived, I was dispirited to learn that the shuttle to the institute ran on a schedule that limited our work hours to 8 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. Mornings started with shared mate and conversations about our weekends or evenings, followed later by an extended lunch break that was sacred. I felt impatient. Yet my research progressed steadily. Outside of work, another kind of progress was unfolding. I was still working long hours because of my responsibilities as a lab head, graduate program director, and National Institutes of Health study section member, but the built-in breaks — which often included an evening snack — made all the difference. I still got my work done, and the slower rhythm also left space for deeper thinking, both in my experiments and in my life. I was learning the value of working with intention rather than urgency, and of leaving room for the parts of life that can’t be scheduled. A calmness set in. I found myself laughing more, sleeping better, and enjoying the life I have worked hard to build. Midway through my fellowship my family arrived for an extended visit, and I took 3 weeks off for a once-in-a-lifetime journey. We wandered through bustling neighborhoods framed by the Andes, and felt the thunder of waterfalls soaking us in mist. I began to notice small things: my daughter’s fascination with seashells, my son’s growing ease with strangers and his first words of Spanish. When my fellowship ended 8 months ago, I returned with more than a set of data. I came back with a readjusted sense of how I want to live and work. I block my calendar so that no one can schedule a meeting during my off hour. I’ve built small rituals into my routine — a morning walk, a break away from the screen... These modest changes have reshaped the texture of my days. I find myself more focused in the lab, more patient with my students, and more present with my family. Productivity, I’ve come to see, is not measured only by research papers and grants. It is also sustained by presence, rest, and the relationships that give meaning to the work. 1．The author’s life can be described as ______ before she received a tenure. A．an escape from family duties B．frequently on the run C．a rat race with her partner D．in pursuit of fellowship 2．How did the author initially feel after learning the work schedule in Uruguay? A．Disappointed and anxious. B．Duty-bound but calm. C．Homesick but fulfilling. D．Relieved and anticipatory. 3．The modest changes mentioned by the author might include ______. A．becoming available when her lab members need to consult her B．treating conversations about leisure as a religiously sacred ritual C．replacing a long lunch break with deep thinking over a snack D．reserving weekends for her family instead of unfinished work 4．Which of the following is probably the best title of the passage? A．To work or not to work B．Approach to work-life balance C．The experiment I didn’t plan D．Success isn’t measured by science 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者获得终身职位后原计划度假却因工作无法成行，后通过短期交流项目在乌拉圭的经历，重新调整了生活和工作方式。 【详解】1．推理判断题。根据第一段“After receiving tenure (终身职 ) in 2022 I considered taking a vacation.But I had 15 people in my lab, a partner who is also in academia with his own lab, and two children in elementary school. I felt I could not step away for a year.(2022年拿到终身教职后我才考虑休假，可我实验室有15名成员，我的伴侣也在学术界经营自己的实验室，我还有两个上小学的孩子，我觉得我一年都抽不开身)”可知，之前作者的生活很忙碌，一直在奔波。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“When I arrived, I was dispirited to learn that the shuttle to the institute ran on a schedule that limited our work hours to 8 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. Mornings started with shared mate and conversations about our weekends or evenings, followed later by an extended lunch break that was sacred. I felt impatient.(当我到达时，我沮丧地得知，前往研究所的班车时间表将我们的工作时间限制在早上8点到下午3点30分。早晨从分享马黛茶和谈论周末或晚上的活动开始，随后是神圣的长时间午休。我感到不耐烦。)”可知，作者最初得知乌拉圭的工作时间表后感到失望和不耐烦、焦虑。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“I began to notice small things: my daughter’s fascination with seashells, my son’s growing ease with strangers and his first words of Spanish.(我开始留意那些微小的美好：女儿对贝壳的痴迷，儿子面对陌生人时越来越从容的模样，还有他说出的第一句西班牙语。)”、最后一段“I block my calendar so that no one can schedule a meeting during my off hour.(我在日历上设置时间，这样就没有人能在我的休息时间安排会议。)”以及“I find myself more focused in the lab, more patient with my students, and more present with my family.(我发现自己在实验室里更专注，对学生更有耐心，对家人也更用心陪伴。)”可知，作者的小改变包括把周末留给家人而不是未完成的工作。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“When my fellowship ended 8 months ago, I returned with more than a set of data. I came back with a readjusted sense of how I want to live and work.(8个月前我的奖学金结束时，我带着不止一组数据回来了。我带着对我想如何生活和工作的一种重新调整的感觉回来了。)”可知，作者原本计划去乌拉圭进行短期学术研究，却意外收获了工作与生活方式的改变，重新理解了工作效率与生活的意义，这是一场未曾计划的“人生实验”。选项C“The experiment I didn’t plan(一场未曾计划的人生实验)”是最佳标题。故选C。 B 【来源】上海市晋元高级中学联考2025-2026学年高三上学期期中英语试题 1. Battle of the Black Puddings In Ramsbottom, England, the World Black Pudding Throwing Competition took place on 14 September. At this fun event, black puddings — a kind of sausage — are thrown at a high platform with 12 large Yorkshire puddings. The person who knocked down the most puddings this year was Ged Flanagan, who had come second four times before. People say the contest started from a fight in 1455, when the two sides ran out of things to throw and began using food instead. 2. A Stadium Made of Wood Japan’s first wooden football stadium is being built for Fukushima United FC． The new building is a sign of hope after the area was hurt by a strong earthquake in 2011, which caused a big wave, called a tsunami, that washed away some buildings. The 5,000-seat stadium will be built with wood from local forests, and each part can be taken apart and used again. The wavy roof comes from the idea of old houses in Ouchi-juku, an ancient town in Fukushima, and it will help keep fans cool in summer and warm in winter. 3. Gorilla (大猩猩) Brought Down to Earth A statue of a gorilla called Caesar must be taken down from the front of a house in Wakefield, England, the local government said. Caesar is about one metre tall and stands on a small wall above the front door. His owner, Adele Teale, says that neighbours and people walking by like to stop and look at him. He had stood outside her old house for 15 years. However, the government says she must follow the same rules as everyone else and get official permission to keep Caesar there. 4. Making Fresh Pasta (意大利面) on a Plane A social-media fan named Katie Brooks made fresh pasta on a plane-mixing flour and water in a bowl while sitting in her seat. She filmed herself and put the video online. Some people liked it, but others said it was messy, unsafe and not polite to other passengers. Some were also worried that the flying flour could hurt someone with a food allergy. So, is this story true, or are we just seeing something too strange to believe? 5．Which story is about a competition that started many years ago? A．Battle of the Black Puddings B．A Stadium Made of Wood C．Gorilla Brought Down to Earth D．Making Fresh Pasta on a Plane 6．What do the gorilla statue and the pasta video have in common? A．Both became part of art shows. B．Both led to new laws in local areas. C．Both made people talk about what is right or wrong. D．Both showed how animals can be used properly for fun. 7．What do the four short pieces mainly show? A．People’s love of music, art, and film. B．Problems that need help from scientists. C．Important discoveries that changed history. D．Strange and funny things people do in daily life. 【答案】5．A 6．C 7．D 【导语】文章分别介绍了黑布丁投掷比赛、日本福岛在建木质足球场、英国大猩猩雕像拆迁风波、飞机上制作新鲜意面的网络热点，讲述了现实生活中几件新奇有趣的事件。 【详解】5．细节理解题。根据第一段中“People say the contest started from a fight in 1455, when the two sides ran out of things to throw and began using food instead. (据说这项比赛起源于1455年的一场冲突：当时双方没有东西可以投掷，于是就拿食物当作投掷物。)”可知，黑布丁投掷比赛起源于1455年，距今年代久远。 6．推理判断题。根据第三段“However, the government says she must follow the same rules as everyone else and get official permission to keep Caesar there. (然而，政府表示她必须和所有人一样遵守规定，要摆放这座雕像需要获得官方许可。)”及第四段中“Some people liked it, but others said it was messy, unsafe and not polite to other passengers. Some were also worried that the flying flour could hurt someone with a food allergy. (一部分网友表示支持，但也有人认为这样做脏乱、不安全，对其他乘客不礼貌。还有人担心飞扬的面粉可能会让有食物过敏的人身体不适。)”可知，大猩猩雕像因未获官方许可被要求拆除，引发了关于私人家门口摆放这类装饰是否合规的讨论，飞机上做意大利面的视频也因卫生、安全等问题引发对错讨论，两者的共同点是引发了人们对行为对错的讨论。 7．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，四篇短文分别描述了黑布丁投掷比赛、木制足球场、大猩猩雕像争议和飞机上做意大利面，都是日常生活中奇特或有趣的事件，因此主要展示的是“人们在日常生活中的奇怪和有趣行为”。 C 【来源】上海市晋元高级中学联考2025-2026学年高三上学期期中英语试题 For many members of China’s post-00s generation, spending patterns have shifted from material possessions to emotional fulfillment. A 2025 survey by the Workplace Human Laboratory reveals that while these young consumers are remarkably practical, they are also eager to invest in experiences that bring meaning and joy. College students today often describe life as a search for adventure rather than accumulation. “I’d rather save up for a concert or a trip than buy something that simply looks good,” said Qi Qi, a 23-year-old from Beijing. This balance between practicality and emotion has become the defining feature of their consumption philosophy. They seek value for money, yet are willing to pay more for moments that enrich their lives or expand their horizons. Interestingly, researchers found that post-00s are not as free-spending as common belief suggests. Nearly half of respondents said they buy merely what they truly need, while a quarter prioritize cost performance — how well a product serves its purpose relative to its price. Only small minorities pay extra for luxury brands. On social platforms, these students exchange reviews, compare prices, and even celebrate smart spending by purchasing second-hand items. However, being practical doesn’t mean ignoring feelings. When asked about ideal “emotional consumption,” 84 percent chose tourism, followed by hobbies such as photography or playing instruments, and interactive experiences like escape rooms or live music. “I spend generously on travel because it makes me genuinely happy,” explained another respondent. Such spending, they argue, is an investment in well-being rather than material pleasure. Technology also shapes their everyday “necessities.” Smartphones, tablets, smartwatches, and electric bicycles dominate their wish lists, replacing many traditional symbols of youth life. “Electric bikes are not just convenient — they save time and energy,” noted one participant. Moreover, 71 percent reported paying for digital services, from software memberships to online learning tools, signaling a readiness to invest in virtual experiences as well. Behind these choices lies a generation redefining what consumption means. For them, growth is measured less by possessions than by experience, reflection, and connection. Their spending, though carefully calculated, embodies a desire to live deliberately — to seek both efficiency and emotional depth in a fast-paced, digital world. 8．The word “accumulation” (paragraph 2) can be best replaced by “________”. A．pleasant experiences B．spending habits C．practical items D．material gain 9．Which statement about post-00s consumption is supported by the research findings? A．Most are willing to pay more for luxury brands. B．Around half buy only what they consider essential. C．The majority spend more on devices than on travel. D．Fewer than one-third engage in online comparisons. 10．What does the passage imply about the financial awareness of this generation? A．They lack confidence in managing money independently. B．They avoid comparing prices or seeking product reviews. C．They are disciplined and analytical in evaluating purchases D．They make spending decisions based on short-term pleasure. 11．What is the central message of the passage? A．Social media fuels unrealistic expectations. B．Young Chinese prize experiences over possessions. C．Financial moderation now defines youth consumption. D．Modern technology is reshaping how China’s youth spend. 【答案】8．D 9．B 10．C 11．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过引用2025年“职场人类实验室”的调查结果及多位受访者的观点，介绍了中国“00后”一代的消费观——他们在消费上注重实用、讲求性价比，同时又愿意为旅游、兴趣爱好等能带来情感满足和人生意义的体验型消费买单，体现了这一代人从“物质占有”向“情感体验”转变的消费理念。 【详解】8．词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“College students today often describe life as a search for adventure rather than accumulation.(如今的大学生常把生活描述为一场追寻冒险的旅程，而不是accumulation)”及“rather than(而不是)连接的两个成分，A rather than B在结构上对等、语义上相反”可知，adventure(冒险、体验)与accumulation形成对比，a search for adventure指“追求精神体验”，那么accumulation必然指向与之对立的“追求物质”。即生活不是追求物质财富的积累，而是追求体验，因此accumulation意为“积累、聚敛”，与“material gain(物质所得)”意思最接近。 9．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Nearly half of respondents said they buy merely what they truly need, while a quarter prioritize cost performance — how well a product serves its purpose relative to its price.(近一半的受访者表示，他们只购买真正需要的产品，而有四分之一的人则更注重性价比——即产品在价格与功能表现之间的匹配程度)”可知，约一半的00后消费者只购买自己认为必需的商品。 10．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Nearly half of respondents said they buy merely what they truly need, while a quarter prioritize cost performance — how well a product serves its purpose relative to its price.(近一半的受访者表示，他们只购买真正需要的产品，而有四分之一的人则更注重性价比——即产品在价格与功能表现之间的匹配程度)”以及“On social platforms, these students exchange reviews, compare prices, and even celebrate smart spending by purchasing second-hand items.(在社交平台上，这些学生会互相交换评价、比较价格，甚至通过购买二手商品来庆祝明智消费)”可知，这代年轻人消费时精打细算、理性分析，善于评估商品是否物有所值。由此推知，他们有节制且善于分析。 11．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“They seek value for money, yet are willing to pay more for moments that enrich their lives or expand their horizons.(他们追求物有所值，但同时又愿意为充实生活、开阔眼界的时刻支付更高的价格)”及最后一段“For them, growth is measured less by possessions than by experience, reflection, and connection.(对他们而言，成长的衡量标准不在于拥有什么，而在于体验、思考与联结)”可知，本文的中心思想是：中国年轻人更看重情感体验而非物质占有。 Section B Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. 【来源】上海外国语大学附属外国语学校2025-2026学年高三上学期9月测评英语试题 How Mud Boosts Your Immune System Children love getting dirty. They are drawn to puddles like muddy magnets, with no regard for footwear or the color of their clothing. 12 . “Don’t get dirty!” was once a constant family refrain, as parents despairingly watched their children spoil their best clothes. Whether they were running through farmers’ fields, climbing trees or catching tadpoles (蝌蚪), it was inevitable that children's whites would turn brown before the day was over. Today, many parents may secretly wish their children had the chance to pick up a bit of dirt. 13 For many, there is simply no opportunity to get muddy. What is gained in laundry bills may be lost in children's wellbeing. According to recent research, the dirt outside is packed with friendly microorganisms that can train the immune system and build resilience (恢复力) to a range of illnesses, including allergies and even depression. 14 Our brains evolved in natural landscapes, and our perceptual systems are particularly well suited to wild outdoor spaces. This means that natural scenes provide the perfect level of stimulation, which is thought to help recharge the brain when it is tired and easily distractable. Besides the restorative effects, outdoor play can offer valuable learning experiences. For example, the act of molding and kneading materials like mud or sand can help children develop the way their senses and movement interact. When it comes to the child's physical health, the most obvious advantage of outdoor play may be the exercise. 15 The latest findings suggest there could be a host of other advantages to playing in natural environments and the secret may be alive and twisting around in the mud itself. A．But getting dirty could have a powerful effect on their wellbeing. B．With the rise of urbanism, contact with nature is much rarer than in the past. C．Many of the psychological benefits of outdoor play are already well established. D．However, these behaviors allow children to gradually understand their bodily signals. E．A child may find it easier to build up strength and energy in a large open space, resulting in a reduced risk of obesity. F．Those who grow up on farms are less likely to develop auto-immune disorders thanks, apparently, to their childhood exposure to a more diverse range of organisms. 【答案】12．A 13．B 14．C 15．E 【导语】文章指出接触泥土有益于儿童免疫系统，城市化减少了孩子亲近泥土的机会，并介绍户外活动对心理、感知、身体健康的多重益处。 【详解】12．由上文“Children love getting dirty. They are drawn to puddles like muddy magnets, with no regard for footwear or the color of their clothing.(孩子们喜欢弄得满身泥土，像磁铁一样被泥坑吸引，完全不在乎鞋子和衣服的颜色。)”可知，前文描述孩子爱玩泥巴的行为，后文转折介绍弄脏自己对健康有益。A项“But getting dirty could have a powerful effect on their wellbeing.(但满身泥土会对他们的身心健康大有好处。)”符合语境，其中getting dirty与上文对应，有承上作用。 13．由下文“For many, there is simply no opportunity to get muddy.(对很多孩子来说，他们根本没有机会接触泥土。)”可知，空格处解释缺少接触泥土机会的原因。B项“With the rise of urbanism, contact with nature is much rarer than in the past.(随着城市化发展，人们接触大自然的机会远少于从前。)”符合语境，有启下作用。 14．由下文“Our brains evolved in natural landscapes, and our perceptual systems are particularly well suited to wild outdoor spaces.(人类大脑在自然环境中进化，感知系统格外适应野外环境。)”可知，本段介绍户外活动对心理的好处。C项“Many of the psychological benefits of outdoor play are already well established.(户外活动带来的诸多心理益处已有充分依据支撑。)”符合语境，总领下文内容。 15．由上文“When it comes to the child's physical health, the most obvious advantage of outdoor play may be the exercise.(说到孩子的身体健康，户外活动最直观的好处就是锻炼身体。)”以及下文“The latest findings suggest there could be a host of other advantages to playing in natural environments and the secret may be alive and twisting around in the mud itself.(最新研究结果表明，在自然环境中活动还有诸多其他益处，而其中的奥秘或许就藏在泥土里那些鲜活、四处蠕动的微生物之中。)”可知，空格处应具体说明运动带来的身体好处。E项“A child may find it easier to build up strength and energy in a large open space, resulting in a reduced risk of obesity.(孩子在开阔场地更容易增强体能，降低肥胖风险。)”符合语境，有承上启下作用。 第二套 Section A Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A 【来源】2025届上海市浦东新区高三下学期三模英语试题 As the senate (参议院) prepares to vote on legislation to empower the Food and Drug Administration to regulate tobacco products, its members would be wise to consult a recent appeals court decision. The decision makes it clear that the tobacco companies have engaged in deceitful and harmful behavior for many decades and cannot be trusted to reform on their own. Regulatory oversight is the best chance to rein them in. The unanimous ruling by a three-judge panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia upheld (维持原判) major elements of a 2016 lower court decision that found big tobacco companies guilty of racketeering (非法获取钱财) and fraud as part of a prolonged campaign to deceive and addict the public. That 1,742-page opinion, submitted by Judge Gladys Kessler, laid out in painstaking detail how the tobacco companies made false statements and suppressed evidence to deny or play down the addictive qualities and the negative health effects of smoking. Judge Kessler found that the companies manipulated the design of cigarettes to deliver addictive dose of nicotine, falsely denied that secondhand smoke caused disease and falsely represented that light and low-tar cigarettes presented fewer health risks. The appeals court not only upheld her decision as legally sound, it also seemed deeply impressed by the “volumes of evidence” and “countless examples of deliberately false statements” underlying many of Judge Kessler’s findings. It also upheld some but not all of the marketing restrictions and other requirements she imposed to prevent the companies from making future false claims and engaging in additional cheating activities. The companies protested that they should not be subjected to such requirements because they had already agreed to numerous remedies under a settlement agreement with 46 states and the District of Columbia. The appeals panel was rightly unimpressed. It upheld the district court’s findings that after the settlement went into effect in 2008, the companies almost immediately began to evade and violate various prohibitions against joint activities and false statements. The House has already voted to give the F. D．A．power to regulate tobacco. Senators, who are getting ready to vote on similar legislation, now have fair warning, if they should need any more, that this is a dishonest industry. It can’t be trusted to behave responsibly or even adhere to agreements it has signed. It is time to grant the F. D．A．the power to regulate the content and marketing of tobacco products. 1．Why would it be wise for the senators to consult a recent appeals court decision before voting? A．It would demonstrate the tobacco industry has failed to reform. B．It would remind the senators of how tobacco companies reap profits through fraudulent practices. C．It would help the senators realize the necessity of external regulation of the tobacco industry. D．It would reveal the many adverse effects of tobacco on health. 2．It can be inferred from Judge Kessler’s findings that ______. A．tobacco companies caused customers’ addiction at the cost of their health B．the negative health effects of smoking have long been underestimated C．racketeering and fraud have blinded the tobacco companies for a long time D．light and low-tar cigarettes pose fewer health risks 3．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to paragraphs 4 & 5? A．The appeals court upheld Judge Kessler’s restrictions and requirements entirely. B．The tobacco companies immediately violated the restrictions imposed by Judge Kessler. C．The appeals panel dismissed the settlement agreement that went into effect in 2008. D．The tobacco companies protested about Judge Kessler’s requirements in vain. 4．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Actions Speak Louder Than Words: Big Tobacco Needs to Show Good Faith B．Old Dogs, New Tricks: The Tobacco Industry’s Reform C．Once a Liar, Always a Liar: Why the Tobacco Industry Can’t Be Trusted D．What’s Done Cannot Be Undone: The Tobacco Industry’s Past Mistakes 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．C 【来源】上海市杨浦区复旦大学附属中学2025-2026学年高三下学期期末毕业考英语试题 【导语】文章主要讲述了美国上诉法院裁定烟草公司长期欺诈消费者，呼吁参议院授权FDA对其进行监管。 【详解】1．细节理解题。​ 根据第一段中“The decision makes it clear that the tobacco companies have engaged in deceitful and harmful behavior for many decades and cannot be trusted to reform on their own. Regulatory oversight is the best chance to rein them in.(这项裁决清楚地表明，烟草公司几十年来一直从事欺骗性和有害的行为，不能指望它们自行改革。监管监督是约束它们的最佳机会)”可知，参议员参考该裁决有助于认清外部监管的必要性。 2．推理判断题。​ 根据第三段“Judge Kessler found that the companies manipulated the design of cigarettes to deliver addictive dose of nicotine, falsely denied that secondhand smoke caused disease and falsely represented that light and low-tar cigarettes presented fewer health risks.(凯斯勒法官发现，这些公司操纵香烟设计以提供成瘾剂量的尼古丁，虚假否认二手烟致病，并虚假宣称淡味和低焦油香烟的健康风险更低)”可推断，烟草公司在损害消费者健康的情况下造成了其成瘾。 3．细节理解题。​ 根据第五段“The companies protested that they should not be subjected to such requirements because they had already agreed to numerous remedies under a settlement agreement with 46 states and the District of Columbia. The appeals panel was rightly unimpressed.(这些公司抗议称，它们不应受制于此类要求，理由是它们此前已在与46个州及哥伦比亚特区达成的和解协议框架下同意采取多项补救措施。上诉小组对此抗议并不认同，这一立场是完全正确的)”可知，烟草公司的抗议是徒劳的。 4．主旨大意题。​ 文章通篇围绕烟草公司长期欺诈、不可信任展开，并呼吁加强监管。C项“Once a Liar, Always a Liar: Why the Tobacco Industry Can’t Be Trusted(一次骗子，永远是骗子：为何烟草行业不可信)”最能概括全文主旨，适合作为标题。 B 【来源】上海市2024-2025学年高三下学期5月调研英语试题 Unlock the Power of Computer Programming Learning a new language opens a wealth of opportunities. But there’s one language family that provides benefits like no other: the languages of computer programming. Programming is a fun, creative and learnable skill that gives you unrivaled problem-solving power you can apply in the digital realm and the physical world. These 24 engaging and information-rich half-hour lessons use one of the world’s most popular computer languages, Python, as a gateway to the universe of programming. Taught by Professor John Keyser of the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at Texas A&M University, one of the top-ranked computer science programs in the country, this course assumes no prior background in computer science, and is so clear, carefully paced, and comprehensive that it will appeal to both beginners and experienced programmers. Offer expires 12/25/2023 THEGREATCOURSES.COM/9TME 1-800-832-2412 How to Program: Computer Science Concepts and Python Exercises Course no.915 24 lectures (30 minutes/lecture) SAVE $190 DVD $269.95  NOW $79.95 +$10 shipping, Processing, and Lifetime Satisfaction Guarantee Priority Code: 130968 For over 25 years, The Great Courses has brought the world’s foremost educators to millions who want to go deeper into the subjects that matter most. No exam. No homework. Just a world of knowledge available anytime, anywhere. Download or stream to your laptop or PC, or use our free mobile apps for iPad, iPhone, or Android. Over 550 courses available at www.The Great Courses.com. 5．How much should you pay if you want to buy a DVD of How to Program home on 12/30/2023? A．$190. B．$279.95. C．$79.95. D．$89.95. 6．Which of the following is NOT true according to the text? A．The lectures given in this DVD last 12 hours in total. B．There are exams and homework at the end of each lecture. C．You are open to the fun of computer programming through the lectures. D．You will have no difficulty following the lectures if you are new to programming. 7．Where can you most probably find this information? A．A leaflet of a science museum. B．A textbook on computer science. C．An autobiography of a tech giant. D．A magazine about science and technology. 【答案】5．B 6．B 7．D 【来源】上海外国语大学附属外国语学校2025-2026学年高三上学期9月测评英语试题 【导语】本文是一篇编程课程的推广广告，介绍了一款Python编程课程的内容、讲师、优惠价格和购买方式。 【详解】5．细节理解题。根据表格前文“Offer expires 12/25/2023(优惠活动于2023年12月25日截止)”和表格中的“DVD $269.95 NOW $79.95(DVD原价269.95美元，优惠价79.95美元)”、“+$10 shipping, Processing, and Lifetime Satisfaction Guarantee(另需支付 10 美元的运费和处理费，并享受终身满意度保证)”可知，12月30日已经过了优惠期，需要按照原价支付DVD费用加上10美元相关费用，总费用为269.95+10=279.95美元。 6．细节理解题。根据表格中“No exam. No homework.(没有考试，没有作业)”可知，该课程并不设置考试和作业。 7．推理判断题。通读全文以及“Unlock the Power of Computer Programming(解锁计算机编程的力量)”可知，本文是关于Python编程学习课程的推广广告，内容和科技教育相关，最有可能出现在科技类杂志中。 C 【来源】2025届上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学高三下学期三模英语试题 A few years ago I went shopping with Alex for a new motorcycle. He didn’t have a particular model in mind. His only two criteria? A big engine, since too much horsepower is never enough, and since he’s tall, a relaxed riding position. I suggested a Hayabusa. Giggle-inducing power, comfortable bike. Or an XS-14R. Both were within his budget, especially the Hayabusa since the dealer was offering a $ 2,500 discount on a previous year’s model. He rode them both. Loved them both. Then he became fixated on a ZX-6R KRT. Great bike, sure. But a much smaller motor. And a riding position that made him look like a contorted praying mantis (螳螂). Seemed odd. Until it hit me. The purchase of any bike 750cc and under came with a free helmet. A 2017 study published in Marketing Science found that people tend to significantly overvalue “free”. When faced with a choice of selecting one of several available products or possibly buying nothing, people will choose the option with the highest cost-benefit difference. However, decisions about free (zero price) products differ, in that people do not simply subtract costs from benefits but instead perceive the benefits associated with free products as higher. Since my friend also wanted a new helmet, getting one for free was extremely — even irrationally — inviting. After all, the math didn’t work. We eventually negotiated $ 3,200 off the price of the Hayabusa, a price so good that I was tempted to buy it. The free helmet was only worth $ 250. So why would such a smart guy be so easily swayed? As the researchers write: A free product involves benefits and no costs, while a better product for any positive price involves both benefits and costs — it is possible that options that have only benefits create more positive effects compared with options that involve both benefits and costs. In short, free results in instinctive mental shortcuts. Zero is zero; what math do you need to do? Free doesn’t seem to require a cost / benefit analysis; what are the downsides of free? Free seemingly makes an otherwise thoughtful decision simple: “Sure, that might be a good deal but this is free!” Two months later my friend traded in his 6R for a 14R. The previous-year Hayabusa was long gone. But don’t think badly of him. We’ve all been blinded by the power of free. Free shipping on products for a cost that exceeds those savings. Free samples that make us feel the need to reciprocate (回报) the provider’s “generosity” by making a purchase. Free quotes that make us enter a sales funnel we struggle to escape. Whenever something is free, stop and consider the intent, and see “free” as a reason to do even more math. See “free” as a reason to go one step further in evaluating costs and benefits. 8．Why did Alex buy a ZX-6R KRT? A．Because he didn’t excel at math, calculation in particular. B．Because its price was brought down so he could afford it. C．Because he did some research before making the decision. D．Because he thought the motorbike with a giveaway was a good bargain. 9．How does zero-price effect cause smart people to make bad decisions? A．People choose the option with the greatest difference between benefit and cost. B．“Free” is so tempting that we stop being logical and thus end up with a bad deal. C．“Free” means there is no need to negotiate for a big discount on a product or service. D．If a product or service is priced zero, we don’t have to worry about its value. 10．What is NOT a typical example of giving in to this zero-price effect? A．Alice ended up buying a book she didn’t plan to read just to avail the free shipping offer. B．Johnson bought socks of unknown quality because they had a “buy one get one free” offer. C．Joe’s cost / benefit analysis didn’t cloud his judgement or blind him to price calculation faults. D．Teddy appreciated the shop assistant’s generosity and settled for anything but a best deal. 11．What might be the best title of the passage? A．The Worst Deal Ever Made B．When “Free” is Actually the Best Deal C．Paying Too Much When Paying Nothing D．Forget Doing the Math When Shopping 【答案】8．D 9．B 10．C 11．C 【来源】上海交通大学附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期10月月考英语试题 【导语】短文借朋友选购摩托车的亲身经历，剖析零价效应如何使人因“免费”做出不理性消费。 【详解】8．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But a much smaller motor. And a riding position that made him look like a contorted praying mantis (螳螂). Seemed odd. Until it hit me. The purchase of any bike 750cc and under came with a free helmet.(但这款车发动机小很多，骑行姿势别扭得像蜷缩的螳螂，十分反常。后来我恍然大悟：排量750cc及以下的摩托车购车赠送头盔)”以及第五段中的“Since my friend also wanted a new helmet, getting one for free was extremely-even irrationally-inviting.(我的朋友刚好也需要新头盔，免费头盔的吸引力强到让他失去理性)”可知，Alex认为附赠头盔的这款车很划算，因此选择它。 9．推理判断题。根据第八段“In short, free results in instinctive mental shortcuts. Zero is zero; what math do you need to do? Free doesn’t seem to require a cost / benefit analysis; what are the downsides of free?( 简而言之，“免费”会让人下意识走思维捷径。零成本就是零，哪里还需要精打细算？面对免费事物，人们似乎不会权衡利弊；免费背后又暗藏哪些弊端呢？)以及第九段“Free seemingly makes an otherwise thoughtful decision simple: “Sure, that might be a good deal but this is free!(“免费”会简化思考：那款车或许划算，但这款有赠品免费拿！)”可知，免费的诱惑会让人丧失逻辑判断，做出吃亏的选择。 10．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“But don’t think badly of him. We’ve all been blinded by the power of free. Free shipping on products for a cost that exceeds those savings. Free samples that make us feel the need to reciprocate (回报) the provider’s “generosity” by making a purchase. Free quotes that make us enter a sales funnel we struggle to escape.(但不必苛责他，所有人都会被“免费”蒙蔽：为免运费买下总价远超优惠的商品、试吃赠品后为回馈商家而消费、免费报价诱导我们陷入难以脱身的销售套路)”可知，屈服零价效应指被免费福利干扰理性判断。C选项“乔的成本收益分析没有蒙蔽他的判断，也没有让他忽视价格计算错误”是没有被零价格效应影响的表现，不符合题干要求。 11．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第六段中的“The free helmet was only worth $ 250. So why would such a smart guy be so easily swayed?(免费头盔仅价值250美元，为何聪明人轻易被打动？)”与尾段“Whenever something is free, stop and consider the intent, and see “free” as a reason to do even more math.(遇到免费福利一定要停下来权衡，把免费当作仔细核算利弊的警示)”可知文章主要讲看似不花钱拿赠品，实则付出更高成本。所以C选项“免费之下，代价不菲”为最佳标题。 Section B Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. 【来源】2025届上海市格致中学高三下学期5月三模英语试卷 Flower power Paco Calvo’s remarkable book Planta Sapiens is the result of “two decades of passionate exploration into a rich and alternate world that exists alongside our own” — the world of plants. 12 Calvo is a professor of the philosophy of science in the Minimal Intelligence Laboratory at the University of Murcia, Spain. Although he presents detailed scientific evidence to support his case, he also draws on philosophical arguments about the nature of consciousness. We humans have a tendency to believe that the world revolves around us, but Calvo writes that intelligence is “not quite as special as we like to think”. 13    Calvo describes many experiments that reveal plants’ remarkable range, including the way they communicate with others nearby using “chemical talk”, a language encoded in about 1,700 volatile (易挥发的) organic compounds. 14 In lectures, he places a Venus flytrap under a bell jar with a cotton pad soaked in anesthetic. After an hour the plant no longer responds to touch by closing its traps. Tests show that plant’s electrical activity has stopped. It is effectively asleep. If plants can be put to sleep, does that imply they also have a waking state? Calvo thinks it does, and argues that it’s quite possible they have an individual experience of the world: They may be aware. Other studies show that some plants retain a memory of where the sun will rise, in order to turn their leaves towards the first rays. 15 The conclusion must be that they constantly collect information, processing and retaining it in order to “make predictions, learn, and even plan ahead.” These are revolutionary ideas and as Calvo admits, contested by many scientists who study the physiology of plants. But he guides us through the latest research and builds a compelling case that, unlikely as it may seem, deserves to be taken seriously. Although plants lack our grey matter, he believes they have a unique “green matter”. In the absence of nerves, plants use networked cells to regulate themselves. A．He also shows how, like animals, they can be anesthetized (麻醉). B．Fundamentally, this book is about changing our perception of plants. C．They store this knowledge for several days, even when kept in total darkness. D．He argues that it’s time to accept that other organisms, even drastically different ones, may be capable of it. E．These movements of plants are in fact “behavior”, and observing behavior is the route to understanding intelligence. F．The subject of his exploration is startlingly fundamental: the question of whether plants can be regarded as possessing intelligence. 【答案】12．F 13．D 14．A 15．C 【来源】上海南洋中学2025-2026学年第二学期高三年级期中英语试卷 【导语】文章介绍了西班牙教授帕科・卡尔沃在《植物智人》一书中，通过多项科学实验与研究提出植物具备智力、意识、记忆、交流及感知能力，尽管该观点存有争议，但仍值得人们认真看待，并呼吁人们改变对植物的固有认知。 【详解】12．根据前文“Paco Calvo’s remarkable book Planta Sapiens is the result of “two decades of passionate exploration into a rich and alternate world that exists alongside our own” — the world of plants. (帕科・卡尔沃所著的佳作《植物智人》，是他“二十年来热忱探索与人类世界并存的另一个丰富别样世界”的成果——这个世界就是植物界。)”可知，文章开篇提到《植物智人》是卡尔沃二十年探索植物世界的成果，F选项“The subject of his exploration is startlingly fundamental: the question of whether plants can be regarded as possessing intelligence. (他探索的主题极具根本意义：植物是否可以被认为拥有智慧。)”承接上文，继续介绍该书的探索主题，引出全文核心话题。 13．根据前文“We humans have a tendency to believe that the world revolves around us, but Calvo writes that intelligence is “not quite as special as we like to think”. (我们人类总习惯性认为世界以我们为中心，但卡尔沃写道，智慧“并不像我们自以为的那般独一无二”。)”可知，前文明说卡尔沃提出“智慧并不是人类独有的”，D选项“He argues that it’s time to accept that other organisms, even drastically different ones, may be capable of it. (他认为，我们是时候承认，其他生物即便与人类截然不同，也同样可能拥有智慧。)”中的it指代前文的intelligence，进一步说明他的观点：其他和人类差异极大的生物也可能拥有智慧，衔接紧密。 14．根据前文“Calvo describes many experiments that reveal plants’ remarkable range, including the way they communicate with others nearby using “chemical talk”, a language encoded in about 1,700 volatile organic compounds. (卡尔沃介绍了许多实验，这些实验揭示了植物非凡的能力范围，包括它们利用“化学对话”与周边同类交流的方式，这是一种由约1700种挥发性有机化合物构成的语言。)”及后文“In lectures, he places a Venus flytrap under a bel jar with a cotton pad soaked in anesthetic. After an hour the plant no longer responds to touch by closing its traps. Tests show that plant’s electrical activity has stopped. It is effectively asleep. If plants can be put to sleep, does that imply they also have a waking state? Calvo thinks it does, and argues that it’s quite possible they have an individual experience of the world: They may be aware. (在讲座中，他把一株捕蝇草放置在玻璃罩下，并放入一块浸有麻醉剂的棉片。一小时后，这株植物受到触碰时，不再闭合捕虫夹。检测显示，植物的电活动已经停止，它实际上进入了睡眠状态。如果植物可以被麻醉入睡，那是否意味着它们也有清醒状态？卡尔沃认为的确如此，并且认为植物很可能拥有对世界的独立感知：它们或许具有意识。)”可知，前文介绍了植物的交流能力，后文具体展开麻醉植物的实验，A选项“He also shows how, like animals, they can be anesthetized. (他还展示了如何像对待动物一样对它们进行麻醉。)”点明“植物和动物一样可以被麻醉”，对应后文的麻醉相关实验内容，完美引出下文，符合逻辑。 15．根据前文“Other studies show that some plants retain a memory of where the sun will rise, in order to turn their leaves towards the first rays. (其他研究表明，有些植物能记住日出的方位，以便将叶片转向清晨的第一缕阳光。)”及后文“The conclusion must be that they constantly collect information, processing and retaining it in order to “make predictions, learn, and even plan ahead.”(由此可以得出结论：植物会不断收集信息，对其进行处理和储存，进而“做出预测、学习，甚至提前规划”。)”可知，前文明说部分植物能记住太阳升起的位置，C选项“They store this knowledge for several days, even when kept in total darkness. (即便处于完全黑暗的环境中，它们也能将这类记忆留存数日。)”中的this knowledge指代前文对太阳位置的记忆，进一步说明植物储存记忆的能力，衔接后文关于植物收集处理信息的结论，符合语境。 17 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 综合训练12：阅读理解单选、阅读六选四组合练（II） （满分：60分，推荐用时：60分钟） 第一套 Section A Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A 【来源】上海市华师二附中2025-2026学年高三3月测试英语试题 After receiving tenure (终身职位) in 2022 I considered taking a vacation. But I had 15 people in my lab, a partner who is also in academia with his own lab, and two children in elementary school. I felt I could not step away for a year. Then I connected with researchers in Uruguay seeking a collaborator experienced in my area, and I got a short-term Fulbright fellowship to explore the opportunity. I envisioned my 3-month stay as an intense period of lab work, data collection and scientific discoveries. The 5-hour time difference would leave me with enough hours to catch up with my lab and family back home. When I arrived, I was dispirited to learn that the shuttle to the institute ran on a schedule that limited our work hours to 8 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. Mornings started with shared mate and conversations about our weekends or evenings, followed later by an extended lunch break that was sacred. I felt impatient. Yet my research progressed steadily. Outside of work, another kind of progress was unfolding. I was still working long hours because of my responsibilities as a lab head, graduate program director, and National Institutes of Health study section member, but the built-in breaks — which often included an evening snack — made all the difference. I still got my work done, and the slower rhythm also left space for deeper thinking, both in my experiments and in my life. I was learning the value of working with intention rather than urgency, and of leaving room for the parts of life that can’t be scheduled. A calmness set in. I found myself laughing more, sleeping better, and enjoying the life I have worked hard to build. Midway through my fellowship my family arrived for an extended visit, and I took 3 weeks off for a once-in-a-lifetime journey. We wandered through bustling neighborhoods framed by the Andes, and felt the thunder of waterfalls soaking us in mist. I began to notice small things: my daughter’s fascination with seashells, my son’s growing ease with strangers and his first words of Spanish. When my fellowship ended 8 months ago, I returned with more than a set of data. I came back with a readjusted sense of how I want to live and work. I block my calendar so that no one can schedule a meeting during my off hour. I’ve built small rituals into my routine — a morning walk, a break away from the screen... These modest changes have reshaped the texture of my days. I find myself more focused in the lab, more patient with my students, and more present with my family. Productivity, I’ve come to see, is not measured only by research papers and grants. It is also sustained by presence, rest, and the relationships that give meaning to the work. 1．The author’s life can be described as ______ before she received a tenure. A．an escape from family duties B．frequently on the run C．a rat race with her partner D．in pursuit of fellowship 2．How did the author initially feel after learning the work schedule in Uruguay? A．Disappointed and anxious. B．Duty-bound but calm. C．Homesick but fulfilling. D．Relieved and anticipatory. 3．The modest changes mentioned by the author might include ______. A．becoming available when her lab members need to consult her B．treating conversations about leisure as a religiously sacred ritual C．replacing a long lunch break with deep thinking over a snack D．reserving weekends for her family instead of unfinished work 4．Which of the following is probably the best title of the passage? A．To work or not to work B．Approach to work-life balance C．The experiment I didn’t plan D．Success isn’t measured by science B 【来源】上海市晋元高级中学联考2025-2026学年高三上学期期中英语试题 1. Battle of the Black Puddings In Ramsbottom, England, the World Black Pudding Throwing Competition took place on 14 September. At this fun event, black puddings — a kind of sausage — are thrown at a high platform with 12 large Yorkshire puddings. The person who knocked down the most puddings this year was Ged Flanagan, who had come second four times before. People say the contest started from a fight in 1455, when the two sides ran out of things to throw and began using food instead. 2. A Stadium Made of Wood Japan’s first wooden football stadium is being built for Fukushima United FC． The new building is a sign of hope after the area was hurt by a strong earthquake in 2011, which caused a big wave, called a tsunami, that washed away some buildings. The 5,000-seat stadium will be built with wood from local forests, and each part can be taken apart and used again. The wavy roof comes from the idea of old houses in Ouchi-juku, an ancient town in Fukushima, and it will help keep fans cool in summer and warm in winter. 3. Gorilla (大猩猩) Brought Down to Earth A statue of a gorilla called Caesar must be taken down from the front of a house in Wakefield, England, the local government said. Caesar is about one metre tall and stands on a small wall above the front door. His owner, Adele Teale, says that neighbours and people walking by like to stop and look at him. He had stood outside her old house for 15 years. However, the government says she must follow the same rules as everyone else and get official permission to keep Caesar there. 4. Making Fresh Pasta (意大利面) on a Plane A social-media fan named Katie Brooks made fresh pasta on a plane-mixing flour and water in a bowl while sitting in her seat. She filmed herself and put the video online. Some people liked it, but others said it was messy, unsafe and not polite to other passengers. Some were also worried that the flying flour could hurt someone with a food allergy. So, is this story true, or are we just seeing something too strange to believe? 5．Which story is about a competition that started many years ago? A．Battle of the Black Puddings B．A Stadium Made of Wood C．Gorilla Brought Down to Earth D．Making Fresh Pasta on a Plane 6．What do the gorilla statue and the pasta video have in common? A．Both became part of art shows. B．Both led to new laws in local areas. C．Both made people talk about what is right or wrong. D．Both showed how animals can be used properly for fun. 7．What do the four short pieces mainly show? A．People’s love of music, art, and film. B．Problems that need help from scientists. C．Important discoveries that changed history. D．Strange and funny things people do in daily life. C 【来源】上海市晋元高级中学联考2025-2026学年高三上学期期中英语试题 For many members of China’s post-00s generation, spending patterns have shifted from material possessions to emotional fulfillment. A 2025 survey by the Workplace Human Laboratory reveals that while these young consumers are remarkably practical, they are also eager to invest in experiences that bring meaning and joy. College students today often describe life as a search for adventure rather than accumulation. “I’d rather save up for a concert or a trip than buy something that simply looks good,” said Qi Qi, a 23-year-old from Beijing. This balance between practicality and emotion has become the defining feature of their consumption philosophy. They seek value for money, yet are willing to pay more for moments that enrich their lives or expand their horizons. Interestingly, researchers found that post-00s are not as free-spending as common belief suggests. Nearly half of respondents said they buy merely what they truly need, while a quarter prioritize cost performance — how well a product serves its purpose relative to its price. Only small minorities pay extra for luxury brands. On social platforms, these students exchange reviews, compare prices, and even celebrate smart spending by purchasing second-hand items. However, being practical doesn’t mean ignoring feelings. When asked about ideal “emotional consumption,” 84 percent chose tourism, followed by hobbies such as photography or playing instruments, and interactive experiences like escape rooms or live music. “I spend generously on travel because it makes me genuinely happy,” explained another respondent. Such spending, they argue, is an investment in well-being rather than material pleasure. Technology also shapes their everyday “necessities.” Smartphones, tablets, smartwatches, and electric bicycles dominate their wish lists, replacing many traditional symbols of youth life. “Electric bikes are not just convenient — they save time and energy,” noted one participant. Moreover, 71 percent reported paying for digital services, from software memberships to online learning tools, signaling a readiness to invest in virtual experiences as well. Behind these choices lies a generation redefining what consumption means. For them, growth is measured less by possessions than by experience, reflection, and connection. Their spending, though carefully calculated, embodies a desire to live deliberately — to seek both efficiency and emotional depth in a fast-paced, digital world. 8．The word “accumulation” (paragraph 2) can be best replaced by “________”. A．pleasant experiences B．spending habits C．practical items D．material gain 9．Which statement about post-00s consumption is supported by the research findings? A．Most are willing to pay more for luxury brands. B．Around half buy only what they consider essential. C．The majority spend more on devices than on travel. D．Fewer than one-third engage in online comparisons. 10．What does the passage imply about the financial awareness of this generation? A．They lack confidence in managing money independently. B．They avoid comparing prices or seeking product reviews. C．They are disciplined and analytical in evaluating purchases D．They make spending decisions based on short-term pleasure. 11．What is the central message of the passage? A．Social media fuels unrealistic expectations. B．Young Chinese prize experiences over possessions. C．Financial moderation now defines youth consumption. D．Modern technology is reshaping how China’s youth spend. Section B Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. 【来源】上海外国语大学附属外国语学校2025-2026学年高三上学期9月测评英语试题 How Mud Boosts Your Immune System Children love getting dirty. They are drawn to puddles like muddy magnets, with no regard for footwear or the color of their clothing. 12 . “Don’t get dirty!” was once a constant family refrain, as parents despairingly watched their children spoil their best clothes. Whether they were running through farmers’ fields, climbing trees or catching tadpoles (蝌蚪), it was inevitable that children's whites would turn brown before the day was over. Today, many parents may secretly wish their children had the chance to pick up a bit of dirt. 13 For many, there is simply no opportunity to get muddy. What is gained in laundry bills may be lost in children's wellbeing. According to recent research, the dirt outside is packed with friendly microorganisms that can train the immune system and build resilience (恢复力) to a range of illnesses, including allergies and even depression. 14 Our brains evolved in natural landscapes, and our perceptual systems are particularly well suited to wild outdoor spaces. This means that natural scenes provide the perfect level of stimulation, which is thought to help recharge the brain when it is tired and easily distractable. Besides the restorative effects, outdoor play can offer valuable learning experiences. For example, the act of molding and kneading materials like mud or sand can help children develop the way their senses and movement interact. When it comes to the child's physical health, the most obvious advantage of outdoor play may be the exercise. 15 The latest findings suggest there could be a host of other advantages to playing in natural environments and the secret may be alive and twisting around in the mud itself. A．But getting dirty could have a powerful effect on their wellbeing. B．With the rise of urbanism, contact with nature is much rarer than in the past. C．Many of the psychological benefits of outdoor play are already well established. D．However, these behaviors allow children to gradually understand their bodily signals. E．A child may find it easier to build up strength and energy in a large open space, resulting in a reduced risk of obesity. F．Those who grow up on farms are less likely to develop auto-immune disorders thanks, apparently, to their childhood exposure to a more diverse range of organisms. 第二套 Section A Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A 【来源】2025届上海市浦东新区高三下学期三模英语试题 As the senate (参议院) prepares to vote on legislation to empower the Food and Drug Administration to regulate tobacco products, its members would be wise to consult a recent appeals court decision. The decision makes it clear that the tobacco companies have engaged in deceitful and harmful behavior for many decades and cannot be trusted to reform on their own. Regulatory oversight is the best chance to rein them in. The unanimous ruling by a three-judge panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia upheld (维持原判) major elements of a 2016 lower court decision that found big tobacco companies guilty of racketeering (非法获取钱财) and fraud as part of a prolonged campaign to deceive and addict the public. That 1,742-page opinion, submitted by Judge Gladys Kessler, laid out in painstaking detail how the tobacco companies made false statements and suppressed evidence to deny or play down the addictive qualities and the negative health effects of smoking. Judge Kessler found that the companies manipulated the design of cigarettes to deliver addictive dose of nicotine, falsely denied that secondhand smoke caused disease and falsely represented that light and low-tar cigarettes presented fewer health risks. The appeals court not only upheld her decision as legally sound, it also seemed deeply impressed by the “volumes of evidence” and “countless examples of deliberately false statements” underlying many of Judge Kessler’s findings. It also upheld some but not all of the marketing restrictions and other requirements she imposed to prevent the companies from making future false claims and engaging in additional cheating activities. The companies protested that they should not be subjected to such requirements because they had already agreed to numerous remedies under a settlement agreement with 46 states and the District of Columbia. The appeals panel was rightly unimpressed. It upheld the district court’s findings that after the settlement went into effect in 2008, the companies almost immediately began to evade and violate various prohibitions against joint activities and false statements. The House has already voted to give the F. D．A．power to regulate tobacco. Senators, who are getting ready to vote on similar legislation, now have fair warning, if they should need any more, that this is a dishonest industry. It can’t be trusted to behave responsibly or even adhere to agreements it has signed. It is time to grant the F. D．A．the power to regulate the content and marketing of tobacco products. 1．Why would it be wise for the senators to consult a recent appeals court decision before voting? A．It would demonstrate the tobacco industry has failed to reform. B．It would remind the senators of how tobacco companies reap profits through fraudulent practices. C．It would help the senators realize the necessity of external regulation of the tobacco industry. D．It would reveal the many adverse effects of tobacco on health. 2．It can be inferred from Judge Kessler’s findings that ______. A．tobacco companies caused customers’ addiction at the cost of their health B．the negative health effects of smoking have long been underestimated C．racketeering and fraud have blinded the tobacco companies for a long time D．light and low-tar cigarettes pose fewer health risks 3．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to paragraphs 4 & 5? A．The appeals court upheld Judge Kessler’s restrictions and requirements entirely. B．The tobacco companies immediately violated the restrictions imposed by Judge Kessler. C．The appeals panel dismissed the settlement agreement that went into effect in 2008. D．The tobacco companies protested about Judge Kessler’s requirements in vain. 4．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Actions Speak Louder Than Words: Big Tobacco Needs to Show Good Faith B．Old Dogs, New Tricks: The Tobacco Industry’s Reform C．Once a Liar, Always a Liar: Why the Tobacco Industry Can’t Be Trusted D．What’s Done Cannot Be Undone: The Tobacco Industry’s Past Mistakes B 【来源】上海市2024-2025学年高三下学期5月调研英语试题 Unlock the Power of Computer Programming Learning a new language opens a wealth of opportunities. But there’s one language family that provides benefits like no other: the languages of computer programming. Programming is a fun, creative and learnable skill that gives you unrivaled problem-solving power you can apply in the digital realm and the physical world. These 24 engaging and information-rich half-hour lessons use one of the world’s most popular computer languages, Python, as a gateway to the universe of programming. Taught by Professor John Keyser of the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at Texas A&M University, one of the top-ranked computer science programs in the country, this course assumes no prior background in computer science, and is so clear, carefully paced, and comprehensive that it will appeal to both beginners and experienced programmers. Offer expires 12/25/2023 THEGREATCOURSES.COM/9TME 1-800-832-2412 How to Program: Computer Science Concepts and Python Exercises Course no.915 24 lectures (30 minutes/lecture) SAVE $190 DVD $269.95  NOW $79.95 +$10 shipping, Processing, and Lifetime Satisfaction Guarantee Priority Code: 130968 For over 25 years, The Great Courses has brought the world’s foremost educators to millions who want to go deeper into the subjects that matter most. No exam. No homework. Just a world of knowledge available anytime, anywhere. Download or stream to your laptop or PC, or use our free mobile apps for iPad, iPhone, or Android. Over 550 courses available at www.The Great Courses.com. 5．How much should you pay if you want to buy a DVD of How to Program home on 12/30/2023? A．$190. B．$279.95. C．$79.95. D．$89.95. 6．Which of the following is NOT true according to the text? A．The lectures given in this DVD last 12 hours in total. B．There are exams and homework at the end of each lecture. C．You are open to the fun of computer programming through the lectures. D．You will have no difficulty following the lectures if you are new to programming. 7．Where can you most probably find this information? A．A leaflet of a science museum. B．A textbook on computer science. C．An autobiography of a tech giant. D．A magazine about science and technology. C 【来源】2025届上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学高三下学期三模英语试题 A few years ago I went shopping with Alex for a new motorcycle. He didn’t have a particular model in mind. His only two criteria? A big engine, since too much horsepower is never enough, and since he’s tall, a relaxed riding position. I suggested a Hayabusa. Giggle-inducing power, comfortable bike. Or an XS-14R. Both were within his budget, especially the Hayabusa since the dealer was offering a $ 2,500 discount on a previous year’s model. He rode them both. Loved them both. Then he became fixated on a ZX-6R KRT. Great bike, sure. But a much smaller motor. And a riding position that made him look like a contorted praying mantis (螳螂). Seemed odd. Until it hit me. The purchase of any bike 750cc and under came with a free helmet. A 2017 study published in Marketing Science found that people tend to significantly overvalue “free”. When faced with a choice of selecting one of several available products or possibly buying nothing, people will choose the option with the highest cost-benefit difference. However, decisions about free (zero price) products differ, in that people do not simply subtract costs from benefits but instead perceive the benefits associated with free products as higher. Since my friend also wanted a new helmet, getting one for free was extremely — even irrationally — inviting. After all, the math didn’t work. We eventually negotiated $ 3,200 off the price of the Hayabusa, a price so good that I was tempted to buy it. The free helmet was only worth $ 250. So why would such a smart guy be so easily swayed? As the researchers write: A free product involves benefits and no costs, while a better product for any positive price involves both benefits and costs — it is possible that options that have only benefits create more positive effects compared with options that involve both benefits and costs. In short, free results in instinctive mental shortcuts. Zero is zero; what math do you need to do? Free doesn’t seem to require a cost / benefit analysis; what are the downsides of free? Free seemingly makes an otherwise thoughtful decision simple: “Sure, that might be a good deal but this is free!” Two months later my friend traded in his 6R for a 14R. The previous-year Hayabusa was long gone. But don’t think badly of him. We’ve all been blinded by the power of free. Free shipping on products for a cost that exceeds those savings. Free samples that make us feel the need to reciprocate (回报) the provider’s “generosity” by making a purchase. Free quotes that make us enter a sales funnel we struggle to escape. Whenever something is free, stop and consider the intent, and see “free” as a reason to do even more math. See “free” as a reason to go one step further in evaluating costs and benefits. 8．Why did Alex buy a ZX-6R KRT? A．Because he didn’t excel at math, calculation in particular. B．Because its price was brought down so he could afford it. C．Because he did some research before making the decision. D．Because he thought the motorbike with a giveaway was a good bargain. 9．How does zero-price effect cause smart people to make bad decisions? A．People choose the option with the greatest difference between benefit and cost. B．“Free” is so tempting that we stop being logical and thus end up with a bad deal. C．“Free” means there is no need to negotiate for a big discount on a product or service. D．If a product or service is priced zero, we don’t have to worry about its value. 10．What is NOT a typical example of giving in to this zero-price effect? A．Alice ended up buying a book she didn’t plan to read just to avail the free shipping offer. B．Johnson bought socks of unknown quality because they had a “buy one get one free” offer. C．Joe’s cost / benefit analysis didn’t cloud his judgement or blind him to price calculation faults. D．Teddy appreciated the shop assistant’s generosity and settled for anything but a best deal. 11．What might be the best title of the passage? A．The Worst Deal Ever Made B．When “Free” is Actually the Best Deal C．Paying Too Much When Paying Nothing D．Forget Doing the Math When Shopping Section B Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. 【来源】2025届上海市格致中学高三下学期5月三模英语试卷 Flower power Paco Calvo’s remarkable book Planta Sapiens is the result of “two decades of passionate exploration into a rich and alternate world that exists alongside our own” — the world of plants. 12 Calvo is a professor of the philosophy of science in the Minimal Intelligence Laboratory at the University of Murcia, Spain. Although he presents detailed scientific evidence to support his case, he also draws on philosophical arguments about the nature of consciousness. We humans have a tendency to believe that the world revolves around us, but Calvo writes that intelligence is “not quite as special as we like to think”. 13    Calvo describes many experiments that reveal plants’ remarkable range, including the way they communicate with others nearby using “chemical talk”, a language encoded in about 1,700 volatile (易挥发的) organic compounds. 14 In lectures, he places a Venus flytrap under a bell jar with a cotton pad soaked in anesthetic. After an hour the plant no longer responds to touch by closing its traps. Tests show that plant’s electrical activity has stopped. It is effectively asleep. If plants can be put to sleep, does that imply they also have a waking state? Calvo thinks it does, and argues that it’s quite possible they have an individual experience of the world: They may be aware. Other studies show that some plants retain a memory of where the sun will rise, in order to turn their leaves towards the first rays. 15 The conclusion must be that they constantly collect information, processing and retaining it in order to “make predictions, learn, and even plan ahead.” These are revolutionary ideas and as Calvo admits, contested by many scientists who study the physiology of plants. But he guides us through the latest research and builds a compelling case that, unlikely as it may seem, deserves to be taken seriously. Although plants lack our grey matter, he believes they have a unique “green matter”. In the absence of nerves, plants use networked cells to regulate themselves. A．He also shows how, like animals, they can be anesthetized (麻醉). B．Fundamentally, this book is about changing our perception of plants. C．They store this knowledge for several days, even when kept in total darkness. D．He argues that it’s time to accept that other organisms, even drastically different ones, may be capable of it. E．These movements of plants are in fact “behavior”, and observing behavior is the route to understanding intelligence. F．The subject of his exploration is startlingly fundamental: the question of whether plants can be regarded as possessing intelligence. 17 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $