阅读同义替换第八弹 清单-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项
2026-09-14
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摘要:
该高中英语高考复习知识清单系统整理了“拒绝、承认、否认、声称、怀疑、相信”六大主题的动词及短语辨析,涵盖微妙区别、常见短语、例句翻译及考点提示,构建了完整的词汇应用知识体系。
清单通过“微妙区别”精准对比(如refuse坚拒与decline婉拒的礼貌差异),结合语法考点(如deny/confess接doing)和阅读完形提示(如claim/allege暗示信息待核实),培养学生语言能力和思维品质。设“考点辨析”模块(如doubt与suspect的方向相反),辅助记忆与应用,便利学生自主复习,助力教师优化备考策略。
内容正文:
49. 拒绝、不同意
微妙区别
常见短语
例句与翻译
refuse
最直接“拒绝”,态度坚决;refuse to do
refuse an offer
She refused to answer the question. 她拒绝回答这个问题。
reject
“否决、拒收(提案、申请、器官)”,程度重
reject a proposal
The court rejected his appeal. 法庭驳回了他的上诉。
decline
婉拒(邀请、提议),礼貌;另有“下降”义(第10组)
decline an invitation
He politely declined the invitation to dinner. 他婉拒了晚宴邀请。
deny
“否认(指控、事实);拒绝给予”双义
deny doing(否认做过)/ deny sb. sth.
He denied breaking the window. 他否认打碎了窗户。
turn down
口语,“拒绝(提议、邀请);调低(音量)”双义
turn down the volume
I turned down the job because of the low pay. 因薪水太低我拒绝了那份工作。
disagree with
“不同意(观点)”,与第49组 agree with 相对
disagree about/on
Experts disagree about the cause of the disease. 专家们对病因看法不一。
object to
“反对”(呼应第48组)
object to the plan
Residents objected to the late-night construction. 居民反对深夜施工。
repudiate
超纲正式语,“否认、与…断绝关系”,了解即可
repudiate the contract
The company repudiated the old agreement. 公司否定了旧协议。
辨析:refuse 坚拒、reject 驳回、decline 婉拒、turn down 口语拒、deny 否认“做过”——完形填空里 decline 与 refuse 的礼貌差别常是得分点;decline 一词两义(婉拒/下降)是阅读同义替换最爱。
50. 承认、认可
微妙区别
常见短语
例句与翻译
admit
“承认(错误、事实,不情愿地)”;admit doing(不接 to do);另有“准许进入”义
admit doing / be admitted to(被录取)
He admitted stealing the money. 他承认偷了钱。
She was admitted to Peking University. 她被北京大学录取了。
acknowledge
正式,“(公开)承认(事实、贡献)”,acknowledgement
acknowledge one’s mistake
The company acknowledged its responsibility for the accident. 公司承认对事故负有责任。
recognize
“认出+认可+意识到”三义,阅读两考
be recognized as(被公认为)
Einstein is recognized as the greatest physicist of his age. 爱因斯坦被公认为那个时代最伟大的物理学家。
concede
“(不情愿地)承认(败选、论点)”,辩论/选举高频
concede defeat
After recounting votes, he conceded defeat. 重新计票后,他承认败选。
confess
“供认、坦白(过错、罪行)”,带忏悔色彩
confess to doing
She confessed to lying to her parents. 她坦白曾对父母撒谎。
own up to
口语习语,“(主动)老实承认(小错)”
own up to one’s mistake
The boy finally owned up to breaking the vase. 男孩终于老实承认是打碎花瓶的人。
grant
“(勉强)承认……属实(让步论证)”
grant that…
I grant that the plan has merits, but it’s too costly. 我承认该计划有可取之处,但代价太高。
appreciate
“意识到、体察到”(呼应第24组“感激”义)
appreciate the difficulties
We appreciate how hard the situation is. 我们充分意识到局势的艰难。
语法考点:admit / confess to doing / deny / own up to doing——认错家族全部接 doing, deny doing(否认做过)是语法填空常客。
51. 否认、拒绝承认
微妙区别
常见短语
例句与翻译
deny
“否认(指控、做过某事);拒绝给予”双义;deny doing
deny doing / deny sb. the chance
He denied having anything to do with the case. 他否认与本案有任何关联。
They were denied entry. 他们被拒绝入境。
refuse / reject
refuse 拒绝做;reject 驳回、否定(观点)(呼应第50组)
reject the claim
Officials rejected the rumor as groundless. 官员们斥谣言毫无根据。
contradict
“反驳、否认(别人说的话);与……相矛盾”
flatly contradict
She flatly contradicted his version of events. 她断然反驳他对事件的陈述。
dispute
“质疑、争论(真实性)”;beyond dispute=无可争议
dispute the findings
Scientists disputed the study’s findings. 科学家们质疑该研究的结果。
negate
正式,“否定、使无效”
negate the effect
One careless error negated all their efforts. 一个低级失误使他们的全部努力付诸东流。
disclaim
法律用语,“否认(关系、责任)”,disclaimer=免责声明
disclaim responsibility
The company disclaimed any responsibility for the delay. 公司否认对延误负有任何责任。
gainsay
古旧书面语,“否认、反驳”,多用于否定句,了解即可
beyond gainsay
The facts are beyond gainsay. 事实无可否认。
考点:deny 一词两义——“否认做过”(deny doing)与“拒绝给予”(deny sb. sth.),阅读中按宾语判断;dispute 在学术文章中常表示“质疑研究结论”,是态度题负面信号词。
52. 声称、宣称
微妙区别
常见短语
例句与翻译
claim
“声称(未必属实)”,阅读中常暗示“待核实”
claim to do / claim that
The company claims its product is 100% safe. 该公司声称其产品百分之百安全。
declare
正式公开“宣布、声明”;declare war on“向……宣战”
declare war on / declare independence
The government declared a state of emergency. 政府宣布进入紧急状态。
assert
坚定“断言、主张”,不带怀疑色彩(呼应第1组)
assert one’s rights
He asserted that the data was reliable. 他断言数据可靠。
state
中性正式,“陈述、说明”,statement(声明)
as stated in the report
The report states that air quality has improved. 报告称空气质量已改善。
announce
“(公共)宣布(消息、决定、任命)”
announce the results
The school announced the winner’s name. 学校宣布了获胜者姓名。
proclaim
隆重“宣告(独立、节日、王位)”,书面
proclaim independence
The country proclaimed its independence in 1948. 该国于1948年宣告独立。
contend / maintain
辩论式“力主、坚称”(呼应第1组)
contend that…
The lawyer contended that the evidence was invalid. 律师坚称证据无效。
allege
新闻用语,“(无证据)指称、指控”,allegedly“据称”——阅读暗示“未经证实”
be alleged to have done
The man is alleged to have stolen the painting. 据称该男子盗窃了这幅画。
阅读考点:claim / allege(-ly)出现=信息未经证实,态度题和推断题常拿它们设“偷换事实”的陷阱;state / declare 则是中性陈述。
53. 怀疑、质疑
微妙区别
常见短语
例句与翻译
doubt
“怀疑(事情不真)”,否定句 doubt 意为“不敢肯定”
no doubt(毫无疑问)/ doubt whether(肯定句用 whether)
I doubt whether he will come on time. 我怀疑他能否准时到。
There is no doubt that she is honest. 毫无疑问,她是诚实的。
suspect
“怀疑(事情是真的)+猜疑(某人有嫌疑)”——与 doubt 方向相反!
suspect sb. of doing
The police suspected him of lying. 警方怀疑他在撒谎。
question
“质疑(合理性、真实性)”,阅读高频
question the wisdom of
Many parents question the value of heavy homework. 许多家长质疑大量作业的价值。
challenge
“挑战、质疑(权威、观点)”
challenge the authority
The new study challenges the traditional theory. 新研究对传统理论提出质疑。
distrust / be suspicious of
“不信任、对……起疑”,suspicion(怀疑)
arouse suspicion
His strange behavior aroused suspicion. 他古怪的举动引起了怀疑。
be skeptical of
正式,“对……持怀疑态度”,skeptic(怀疑论者)
be skeptical of ads
Consumers are increasingly skeptical of online ads. 消费者对网络广告越来越持怀疑态度。
wonder
“纳闷、想知道(自问)”
wonder about / wonder if
I wonder if the plan will work. 我不知道这计划行不行。
必考辨析:doubt 怀疑“不是”,suspect 怀疑“是”——方向完全相反,同义替换题的经典陷阱;suspect sb. of doing 中的 of 是介词。
54. 相信、信任
微妙区别
常见短语
例句与翻译
believe
“相信(话语为真)”;believe in“信仰、信任(品性、存在)”
believe in oneself
Believe in yourself, and you’ll go far. 相信自己,你会走得很远。
trust
“信任(人品、能力),托付”,可作名词
trust sb. with sth.
I trusted him with my house keys. 我把家门钥匙托付给他。
have faith in
“对……有信心(信念层面)”
lose faith in
Don’t lose faith in humanity because of one bad apple. 别因为一颗老鼠屎就对人失去信心。
be convinced
“确信(被说服后)”,语气强(呼应第1组)
be convinced that/of
I’m convinced that hard work pays off. 我坚信努力必有回报。
accept
“接受(观点为真)”,主观采纳
accept the explanation
I accept your apology. 我接受你的道歉。
credit
“相信、归功于”;give credit to=称赞
be credited with
The invention is credited with saving thousands of lives. 这项发明被认为拯救了数千人的生命。
rely on / count on / depend on
“信赖并依靠”(呼应第17组)
count on sb. to do
You can count on her to get the job done. 这件事交给她办,你尽管放心。
put one’s trust in
正式习语,“托信于”
put one’s trust in sb.
The villagers put their trust in the young doctor. 村民们信任这位年轻医生。
辨析:believe 相信“这句话”,believe in 相信“这个人/这个东西存在/值得信”,trust 信任到“可托付”——完形填空 three 兄弟搭配各不相同。
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