内容正文:
37. 保持、维持
微妙区别
常见短语
例句与翻译
keep
最通用,“保持、持续拥有”
keep in touch / keep a diary
We keep in touch by email. 我们通过邮件保持联系。
maintain
正式,“维持(现状、秩序、设备);坚决主张”
maintain order/balance
It’s important to maintain a work-life balance. 保持工作与生活的平衡很重要。
preserve
“保护性保存(文物、食物、传统)不被破坏”,preservation
preserve cultural heritage
The city works hard to preserve its historic buildings. 这座城市努力保护历史建筑。
retain
书面,“保留、留住(人才、记忆、水分)”
retain talent
The company offers good pay to retain talent. 公司提供优厚待遇留住人才。
sustain
“使持续、支撑(发展、增长)”,sustainable(可持续的)
sustain growth
The country struggles to sustain economic growth. 该国努力维持经济增长。
conserve
“节约、保护(资源、能源)”,conservation(呼应第2组)
conserve energy/water
Turn off the lights to conserve energy. 随手关灯节约能源。
keep up / carry on
keep up“跟上、保持(水平)”;carry on“继续进行”
keep up with
She keeps up with the latest fashion. 她紧跟最新时尚。
辨析:preserve 保护“不受损”,conserve 节约“不浪费”,retain 保留“不失去”,sustain 维持“不中断”——四者宾语搭配几乎固定,背搭配比背释义更管用。
38. 开始、发起
微妙区别
常见短语
例句与翻译
start / begin
最通用,可互换;start 还有“启动(机器)、惊跳”义
start doing/to do 均可
It started to rain the moment we left. 我们一出门就开始下雨了。
launch
“发起、发射、推出(产品、活动、卫星)”,新闻超高频
launch a campaign/a satellite
The government launched a campaign against smoking. 政府发起了一场禁烟运动。
initiate
正式,“开创、发起(程序、改革)”,initiative(倡议)
initiate talks
China initiated the trade talks. 中国发起了此次贸易谈判。
commence
极正式/法律用语,“开始”(begin 的正式版),了解即可
commence proceedings
The meeting commenced on time. 会议准时开始。
set about
“着手做”,set about doing(不接 to do)
set about doing sth.
She set about cleaning the house at once. 她立刻着手打扫房子。
embark on
“开始(一段旅程、事业、冒险)”,比喻义强
embark on a new career
He embarked on a new career at forty. 他四十岁开始了新事业。
get down to
“静下心来开始(正事)”,get down to doing/business
get down to work
Stop chatting and get down to work. 别聊天了,开始干正事。
kick off
口语,“(足球)开球→(活动)启动”
kick off the meeting
The festival kicked off with a fireworks show. 节庆以烟花表演拉开帷幕。
语法考点:set about doing(about 是介词)= set out to do,两者同义但搭配不同,是单句语法题常客。
39. 完成、实现
微妙区别
常见短语
例句与翻译
complete
“完成(工程、任务、学业)”,强调收尾齐全
complete the project
The bridge was completed two years ahead of schedule. 大桥提前两年完工。
finish
口语通用,“做完”;finish doing
finish one’s homework
I haven’t finished reading the novel yet. 我还没读完这本小说。
accomplish
正式,“完成、成就(任务、目标、使命)”
accomplish a mission
The team accomplished its goal ahead of time. 团队提前实现了目标。
achieve
“实现(成就、梦想、目标)”,achievement
achieve one’s dream
Through hard work, she achieved her dream. 通过努力,她实现了梦想。
attain
正式书面语,“达到(水平、高度、地位)”
attain a goal/standard
He attained the rank of general. 他晋升到了将军军衔。
fulfill
“履行(承诺、职责);实现(愿望)”,fulfilling(有成就感的)
fulfill one’s promise
A real friend fulfills every promise. 真正的朋友会兑现每一个承诺。
realize
“实现(梦想、抱负);意识到”双义,阅读两考
realize one’s ambition
At last he realized his lifelong ambition. 他终于实现了毕生的抱负。
carry out
“执行、实施(计划、实验、研究)”
carry out a survey
They carried out a survey among 2,000 students. 他们在两千名学生中开展了一项调查。
考点:realize 的“意识到”义在阅读中的出现频率甚至高于“实现”,要根据宾语判断(realize the risk 意识到风险 / realize the dream 实现梦想)。
40. 尝试、努力
微妙区别
常见短语
例句与翻译
try
最通用;try to do(努力做)vs try doing(尝试做看看),单选经典
try one’s best
I tried to open the window, but it was stuck. 我努力想打开窗户,但卡住了。
Try adding some salt to the soup. 试着往汤里加点盐看看。
attempt
正式,“企图、尝试(有难度的事)”,attempted(未遂的)
attempt to do / make an attempt at
She attempted to break the world record. 她试图打破世界纪录。
endeavor
极正式书面语,“努力、尽力”,名词常用
endeavor to do
Scientists endeavor to unravel the mystery. 科学家们努力揭开这个谜团。
strive
“奋力、力求(长期奋斗)”,strive for
strive for excellence
We strive for perfection in every detail. 我们力求每个细节都完美。
struggle
“挣扎、艰难地努力”,含“吃力”义;struggle to do
struggle to make ends meet
He struggled to stay awake in class. 他上课时努力想保持清醒。
make an effort
固定短语,“作出努力”
make every effort to do
The city is making every effort to cut pollution. 全市正在竭力减少污染。
go to great lengths
习语,“不遗余力、想尽办法”
go to great lengths to do
Parents go to great lengths to secure good schools for kids. 父母们想尽办法为孩子争取好学校。
exert oneself
正式,“竭尽全力”;exert an influence on=施加影响
exert oneself to do
She exerted herself to finish the marathon. 她竭尽全力完成了马拉松。
语法考点:try to do(努力做,未必成功)vs try doing(试着做做看)——语义有别;struggle to do 自带“艰难”色彩,是读后续写表现人物努力的加分词。
41. 成功、做到
微妙区别
常见短语
例句与翻译
succeed
“成功;继承”,succeed in doing(成功做到)
succeed in doing / succeed to the throne(继位)
After many failures, she finally succeeded in passing the driving test. 屡败之后,她终于通过了驾照考试。
achieve
“实现、达成(目标、成就)”(呼应第39组)
achieve success/goals
He achieved his goal through years of effort. 他经多年努力实现了目标。
make it
口语,“办成了、做到了”,简短有力
You can make it!
Keep practicing and you’ll make it. 坚持练习,你会成功的。
pull it off
口语,“(在困难中)硬是把事情办成”
pull off a surprise win
Against all odds, they pulled it off. 尽管困难重重,他们还是办成了。
accomplish / attain
正式,“完成、达到”(呼应第39组)
accomplish a task
She accomplished the task single-handedly. 她独自完成了任务。
triumph
“得胜、凯旋”,带战胜困难的豪迈感
triumph over difficulties
Human spirit triumphs over hardship. 人的精神能战胜艰难困苦。
get there
口语习语,“达到目的、成功在望”
You’ll get there eventually.
Don’t rush; you’ll get there eventually. 别急,你最终会达到目标的。
续写加分点:succeed in doing / make it / triumph over 是描写人物历经波折终获成功的黄金表达,比 manage to do 更有画面感。
42. 失败、未做到
微妙区别
常见短语
例句与翻译
fail
最通用,“失败;未能”,fail to do
fail an exam / fail to do
He failed to catch the last bus. 他没能赶上末班车。
fall short (of)
“达不到(标准、期望)”
fall short of expectations
The results fell short of expectations. 结果不及预期。
come to nothing
习语,“化为泡影、不了了之”
plans come to nothing
All their efforts came to nothing. 他们的所有努力都化为了泡影。
flop
口语,“(作品、演出)惨败”
The movie flopped.
The play flopped on Broadway. 这部剧在百老汇惨败。
miscarry
法律/正式用语,“(计划)未能实现”,了解即可
a miscarriage of justice
The scheme miscarried. 计划落空了。
go wrong
“出毛病、出岔子”
Something went wrong.
Everything went wrong on the first day. 第一天所有事情都出了岔子。
break down
“(机器)故障;(人)崩溃;(谈判)破裂”,三义阅读两考
break down in tears
She broke down when telling the story. 讲述这段经历时她崩溃落泪。
collapse
“崩塌、崩溃(身体、经济、体制)”,名词亦同
collapse under pressure
The old bridge collapsed after the storm. 风暴过后旧桥坍塌了。
续写加分点:fall short of expectations(不及预期)、break down in tears(崩溃落泪)都是“挫折情节”的高分表达。
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