高考英语阅读理解B篇 记叙文（六）-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项

**基本信息** 聚焦记叙文高频题型，通过外刊改编语篇系统训练细节定位、推理判断、主旨概括等解题方法，构建“题型-方法-主题”三维逻辑体系，提升语言理解与思维分析能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |细节理解题|4题|定位原文关键信息，排除无依据选项|从具体信息提取到文本浅层理解，为高阶思维奠基| |推理判断题|3题|基于原文信息合理推断，避免过度解读|承接细节理解，培养逻辑分析与价值判断能力| |词义猜测题|1题|结合上下文语境推测词义|强化语境意识，提升语言运用灵活性| |主旨大意题|4题|梳理全文主线，排除片面选项|整合篇章信息，培养整体感知与概括能力|

高三 一轮复习专项｜阅读理解B篇 记叙文 Passage 1（外刊改编 · 退休摄影师记录即将消失的渔村） Passage 2（外刊改编 · 少年改造闲置共享单车助力偏远小镇） Passage 3（外刊改编 · 动物园老年猩猩获得专属退休照料） Passage 4（外刊改编 · 女科学家长途徒步采集高山植物种子） Passage 1（外刊改编 · 退休摄影师记录即将消失的渔村） When Maria retired from her job as a news‑photographer three years ago, most of her friends expected her to travel around famous tourist attractions. Instead, she packed her old camera and moved to a remote coastal fishing village. Over the past two years, she has spent nearly every day walking along the shore, taking photos of fishermen, old wooden boats and traditional fishing tools. Many local villagers felt confused at first. They could not understand why a city woman would devote so much time to shooting ordinary scenes nobody seemed to care about. Some even joked that her photos would never make money. Maria never argued. She patiently explained her real purpose. Modern industrial fishing and climate change have greatly changed coastal life. Young people are leaving for big cities. Within twenty years, many old traditions may fade away forever. She hoped her photographs could record these precious moments for future generations. Recently, a city museum held a small exhibition for her works. Unexpectedly, thousands of visitors came. Many teenagers said they had never imagined such special lifestyles existed along the coast. Maria said her greatest reward was not praise, but the fact that more young people began to pay attention to coastal cultural heritage. 1. What did most of Maria’s friends expect her to do after retirement? A. Work for a city museum B. Travel to popular scenic spots C. Settle down in a fishing village D. Teach photography to teenagers 2. Why were some villagers confused about Maria at first? A. Her photos could bring no profit immediately B. She refused to communicate with local people C. She showed little interest in modern boats D. She spent time photographing unremarkable scenes 3. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Maria became wealthy from the photography exhibition. B. Few visitors understood the meaning of Maria’s photos. C. Maria’s efforts achieved beyond‑expectation influence. D. The local government will protect all the old fishing tools. 4. Which is the best title for the text? A. A Photographer Free from Pressure B. A Village Hit by Climate Disasters C. Recording Vanishing Coastal Traditions D. How to Take High‑quality Seaside Photos Passage 2（外刊改编 · 少年改造闲置共享单车助力偏远小镇） When 17‑year‑old Leo visited his grandmother’s small mountain town last summer, he noticed a strange sight. Many shared‑bikes sent from big cities were abandoned along country roads. Damaged and forgotten, they became useless rubbish taking up public space. An idea flashed across his mind. Instead of throwing them away, could these broken bikes be repaired for local children? He shared the thought with his parents. Though doubtful at first, his parents offered some money to buy basic repair tools. Leo posted a notice in the town square, calling for anyone interested in bike repair to join him. To his surprise, three local retired mechanics volunteered. Every weekend, the small group gathered in an empty garage. They fixed brakes, replaced chains and repainted old frames. Months later, more than forty bikes were brought back into good condition. They did not sell them. Instead, they set up a free public bike station near the primary school. Children could borrow bikes to ride safely on wide country paths. Local government learned about their project and provided a larger garage space. Leo said the project taught him a valuable lesson: many so‑called waste items still hold value. Creativity and willingness to take action can turn waste into gifts for the whole community. 1. What problem did Leo find in the mountain town? A. The local primary school lacked sports equipment B. Lots of abandoned shared‑bikes occupied public space C. Public transport failed to serve children in remote areas D. Old‑style bikes could not meet local people’s needs 2. What did Leo do to carry out his plan? A. He persuaded the government to offer money B. He advertised his repair shop on social media C. He put up a notice to attract volunteer partners D. He borrowed tools from the local repair store 3. The underlined phrase “flashed across his mind” in Paragraph 2 most probably means ______. A. occurred suddenly B. frightened him greatly C. was proved wrong D. was copied by others 4. What lesson did Leo learn from the project? A. Teenagers should earn money by repairing waste B. Large‑scale waste recycling requires government support C. Creativity and action can make waste useful again D. Public‑bike systems should not enter mountain towns Passage 3（外刊改编 · 动物园老年猩猩获得专属退休照料） For forty years, Bonnie, a female orangutan, lived in a popular city zoo. She took part in animal‑show activities every week. Thousands of visitors came specially to watch her perform simple tricks. As years went by, Bonnie grew old. Her joints ached and she easily felt tired. Keepers realized she could no longer deal with noisy crowds and frequent shows. The zoo made a surprising decision: Bonnie would retire from public performances. A quiet garden area far from crowded viewing platforms was prepared only for her. There were soft platforms for resting, warm shelter for cold nights, and trees suitable for an old orangutan to climb slowly. No more daily shows, no loud camera clicks from large groups of tourists. At the beginning, keepers worried Bonnie would feel lonely without regular visitors. They kept distant observation records every day. Surprisingly, Bonnie’s condition improved rapidly. She slept longer, ate more peacefully and spent plenty of time enjoying sunshine. She no longer showed signs of anxiety when crowds passed nearby. The zoo’s “retirement plan” for elderly animals soon drew wide attention online. Many animal‑lovers praised the decision. They believed animals, just like humans, deserved respect and gentle care when they grew old. The zoo also announced they would make similar personalized retirement arrangements for other senior animals in the coming years. 1. Why did the zoo decide to let Bonnie retire from performances? A. She became too aggressive towards visitors B. Her physical condition declined because of age C. The animal shows received fewer visitors D. The zoo planned to build a new performance hall 2. Which of the following belongs to Bonnie’s new living conditions? A. A viewing platform crowded with tourists B. Daily training for new performance tricks C. A quiet garden with soft resting places D. Companions from other young orangutans 3. What can we infer from Bonnie’s real‑life change after retirement? A. Bonnie missed public performances very much B. Less noise helped Bonnie feel more relaxed C. Keepers stopped checking Bonnie’s health D. Bonnie refused to eat food provided by keepers 4. What is the main message delivered by the story? A. Zoos should cancel all animal performances B. Elderly animals deserve considerate respect and care C. Orangutans are the smartest animals kept in zoos D. Old animals should be set free into the wild Passage 4（外刊改编 · 女科学家长途徒步采集高山植物种子） Dr. Elena is a plant scientist whose main job is collecting seeds of wild alpine plants. Most people imagine her working inside bright laboratories. In fact, much of her work takes place on high‑altitude mountain paths. Last summer, she led a small team on a 12‑day hiking journey across high mountains. Their goal was to collect seeds from several kinds of rare wild flowers before the arrival of early frost. The hiking route was far from modern roads. There were no shops or hotels. Every team member carried heavy backpacks filled with food, simple camping equipment and seed‑storage boxes. The journey was full of challenges. Sudden strong winds swept across open grasslands. The narrow mountain paths were rocky and slippery after rain. Once they lost their way in thick fog for hours. No one complained, though everyone felt exhausted. Whenever they successfully found their target plants, tiredness seemed to disappear at once. Back in the lab, these seeds will be stored in low‑temperature seed banks. If wild populations suffer from natural disasters, the saved seeds can be used to grow new plants and protect the local mountain ecosystem. Elena often says field work is tiring, but every step brings hope for the future protection of wild plant resources. 1. What is the public’s general imagination about Dr. Elena’s job? A. She mainly works in laboratories B. She spends most time hiking alone C. She often gives speeches outdoors D. She designs new kinds of wild flowers 2. What was the team’s purpose for the mountain‑hiking journey? A. To build a new low‑temperature seed bank B. To take photos for a popular science magazine C. To gather rare wild‑flower seeds before frost comes D. To mark safe hiking routes for mountain tourists 3. How did the team react when they met difficulties during hiking? A. They gave up and turned back quickly B. They kept going without complaint C. They asked nearby villagers for guides D. They put off the journey until sunny days 4. Which of the following can best describe Dr. Elena? A. Careless and humorous B. Patient and determined C. Greedy and ambitious D. Gentle and unadventurous 参考答案与解析 Passage1 答案：1.B 2.D 3.C 4.C 1.答案：B 解析：细节理解题。定位第一段“most of her friends expected her to travel around famous tourist attractions”，朋友们原本期待她去热门景点旅游。A、C、D文中没有提到。 2.答案：D 解析：细节理解题。定位第二段“They could not understand why a city woman would devote so much time to shooting ordinary scenes nobody seemed to care about.”村民困惑是因为她花大量时间拍摄不起眼的普通场景。其余选项原文无信息。 3.答案：C 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段，展览吸引大量参观者，不少年轻人开始关注海岸非遗，可以推断她的努力收获了超出预期的影响力。A“变富有”无依据；B与原文相反；D“保护全部老式渔具”表述绝对。 4.答案：C 解析：主旨大意题。全文讲述退休摄影师奔赴渔村，用镜头记录正在消逝的海边传统。其余选项只截取文章片段，无法概括全文。 Passage2 答案：1.B 2.C 3.A 4.C 1.答案：B 解析：细节理解题。定位第一段“Many shared‑bikes sent from big cities were abandoned along country roads… taking up public space”，Leo发现大量废弃共享单车占用公共区域。其余选项文中未提及。 2.答案：C 解析：细节理解题。定位第二段“Leo posted a notice in the town square, calling for anyone interested in bike repair to join him.”他张贴告示招募志愿者伙伴。A政府后期提供场地，并未出钱；B社交媒体未提到；D没有向修车店借工具。 3.答案：A 解析：词义猜测题。“An idea flashed across his mind”意思是一个念头突然闪过脑海，与occurred suddenly（突然浮现）同义。 4.答案：C 解析：细节+主旨题。定位文末“Creativity and willingness to take action can turn waste into gifts for the whole community”，点明感悟：创意与行动可以让废弃物重新发挥价值。 Passage3 答案：1.B 2.C 3.B 4.B 1.答案：B 解析：细节理解题。定位第一段，Bonnie年事已高，关节疼痛、容易疲惫，身体机能下降，饲养员决定让它退出演出。A“有攻击性”、C“游客变少”、D“新建表演厅”原文没有。 2.答案：C 解析：细节理解题。定位第二段“A quiet garden area far from crowded viewing platforms was prepared only for her. There were soft platforms for resting”，它拥有一座带柔软休息区的安静花园。其余选项与新环境描述相悖。 3.答案：B 解析：推理判断题。退休远离喧闹人群后，Bonnie睡眠更长、进食更平静，不再焦虑，由此推断更少噪音让它更加放松。A想念演出、C停止健康监测、D拒绝进食均和原文矛盾。 4.答案：B 解析：主旨大意题。本文通过猩猩Bonnie退休照料的故事，传递观点：年老的动物同样值得体贴的尊重与照料。A“取消所有动物表演”过于绝对；C“最聪明”无对比依据；D“放生野外”没有提到。 Passage4 答案：1.A 2.C 3.B 4.B 1.答案：A 解析：细节理解题。定位第一段“Most people imagine her working inside bright laboratories.”大众普遍以为她主要在实验室工作。 2.答案：C 解析：细节理解题。定位第二段“Their goal was to collect seeds from several kinds of rare wild flowers before the arrival of early frost.”团队进山徒步，目的是在早霜到来前收集稀有野花种子。 3.答案：B 解析：推理判断题。定位第三段“No one complained, though everyone felt exhausted.”尽管筋疲力尽，没人抱怨，团队继续前行。其余选项文中没有信息支撑。 4.答案：B 解析：人物性格推断题。野外科考路途艰险，Elena依旧带队坚持完成种子采集任务，可以看出她耐心且意志坚定。careless（粗心），greedy（贪婪），unadventurous（不爱冒险）不符合人物形象。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $