Unit 5 Buildings 一般过去时被动语态（核心语法精练）-【简语法-单元核心语法精练】2026-2027学年英语九年级上册（沪教版五四学制）

该初中英语学习任务单以“Unit 5 Buildings”为主题，聚焦一般过去时被动语态，通过思维导图梳理概念结构与考点步骤，结合语法模块表格系统讲解肯定/否定/疑问句式及主动变被动步骤，设计从单项选择到短文填空的递进式练习，构建“语法回顾-能力突破-综合提升”的完整学习路径。 亮点在于融入文化主题的语篇任务，如完形填空涉及各国特色建筑、短文填空聚焦福建土楼和莫高窟等文化遗产，在语言练习中提升文化意识。思维导图和结构化表格助力学生系统梳理语法规则，培养学习能力，分层练习题则精准发展语言能力，为教师实施单元复习提供全面支撑，促进学生深度学习与能力整合。

单元核心语法精练 Unit 5 Buildings （新教材沪教版五四学制） （一般过去时被动语态） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 思维导图梳理了一般过去时被动语态的两大板块：一是概念与结构（表示过去某时主语是动作承受者，谓语由 was/were + 过去分词构成，was 用于单数、were 用于复数；否定与疑问的变化规则）；二是考点与步骤（主动变被动的四个步骤、不及物动词无被动、使役/感官动词后的 to 还原、by 后接宾格、短语动词整体不拆分）。帮助掌握“主语 + was/were + done”的结构，并区分一般过去时与一般现在时被动。 语法模块 具体内容 结构 / 规则 典型例句及翻译 一、概念与结构 概念 过去某时主语是动作承受者 被动 = be(done) 的过去式：was/were + done 肯定句 was/were + 过去分词 (done) The bridge was built in 2010. 否定句 was/were + not + done The letter was not sent yesterday. 疑问句 Was/Were + 主语 + done …? Were these photos taken last week? 二、主动变被动步骤 步骤 ①主动宾语→被动主语 ②谓语→was/were+done ③主动主语放 by 后(可省) ④时态保持一般过去时 例句 They built the house last year.（主动） → The house was built (by them) last year.（被动） 三、易错考点 不及物无被动 happen/take place/appear/rise 无被动 ❌ The accident was happened. ✅ The accident happened. to 还原 make/see/watch 后省 to，被动补 to They saw him leave. → He was seen to leave. by 后用宾格 动作执行者用宾格 The work was finished by him. 短语动词不拆分 介词/副词不能丢 We listened to the teacher. → The teacher was listened to. 使用注意事项 1. 一般过去时被动语态表示过去某个时间主语是动作的承受者，谓语由“was/were + 及物动词的过去分词”构成。 2. be 动词随主语变化：主语为单数名词、不可数名词或 he/she/it 用 was；主语为复数或 you/I 用 were。 3. 常用标志词：yesterday, last week/month/year, …ago, in + 过去年份, just now 等。 4. 不及物动词（happen, take place, appear, rise 等）不能用于被动语态。 5. 主动语态中 make/let/see/hear/watch 等后接宾语补足语时省略 to，变为被动后必须补回 to：was/were made to do。 6. by 后的动作执行者要用宾格（by him/her/me/us）；短语动词（listen to, look after 等）变为被动时介词或副词不能丢掉。 一、单项选择 1．The bridge ________ in 2010. A．was built B．builds C．built D．is built 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这座桥建于 2010 年。in 2010 表过去，bridge 是 build 的承受者，用一般过去时被动 was built。故选 A。 2．A new hospital ________ in my hometown last year. A．builds B．was built C．built D．is built 【答案】B 【详解】句意：去年我家乡建了一座新医院。last year 过去；hospital 单数被建，用 was built。故选 B。 3．The house ________ by my grandfather thirty years ago. A．builds B．built C．was built D．is built 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这房子三十年前由我祖父建造。thirty years ago 过去；house 单数被建造，用 was built。故选 C。 4．The windows ________ yesterday because of the strong wind. A．break B．broke C．are broken D．were broken 【答案】D 【详解】句意：昨天由于大风，窗户被打破了。yesterday 过去；windows 复数被打破，用 were broken。故选 D。 5．The book ________ by Lu Xun. Many people like it. A．was written B．writes C．wrote D．is written 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这本书由鲁迅所著，很多人喜欢。书被写（过去），单数用 was written。故选 A。 6．The sports meeting ________ because of the rain last week. A．puts off B．was put off C．put off D．is put off 【答案】B 【详解】句意：上周由于下雨，运动会被推迟了。last week 过去；被推迟用 was put off。故选 B。 7．The old temple ________ hundreds of years ago. A．builds B．built C．was built D．is built 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这座古庙建于数百年前。hundreds of years ago 过去；temple 单数被建，用 was built。故选 C。 8．The letter ________ to me by my friend last month. A．sends B．sent C．is sent D．was sent 【答案】D 【详解】句意：上个月这封信由我朋友寄给我。last month 过去；letter 单数被寄，用 was sent。故选 D。 9．The cakes ________ by the naughty boy just now. A．were eaten B．eat C．ate D．are eaten 【答案】A 【详解】句意：刚才蛋糕被那个淘气的男孩吃了。just now 过去；cakes 复数被吃，用 were eaten。故选 A。 10．The classroom ________ by the students yesterday afternoon. A．cleans B．was cleaned C．cleaned D．is cleaned 【答案】B 【详解】句意：昨天下午教室被学生们打扫了。yesterday afternoon 过去；classroom 单数被打扫，用 was cleaned。故选 B。 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1．The letter ________ (write) by my brother yesterday. 【答案】was written 【详解】句意：这封信昨天被我弟弟写了。letter 单数被写，一般过去时被动 was written。 2．The house ________ (build) in 1990. 【答案】was built 【详解】句意：这房子建于 1990 年。house 单数被建造，一般过去时被动 was built。 3．These photos ________ (take) by the reporter last week. 【答案】were taken 【详解】句意：这些照片上周被记者拍了。photos 复数被拍，一般过去时被动 were taken。 4．The book ________ (publish) in 2001. 【答案】was published 【详解】句意：这本书 2001 年出版了。book 单数被出版，一般过去时被动 was published。 5．The window ________ (break) by the boy just now. 【答案】was broken 【详解】句意：窗户刚才被那个男孩打破了。window 单数被打破，一般过去时被动 was broken。 6．The cakes ________ (eat) by the children yesterday. 【答案】were eaten 【详解】句意：蛋糕昨天被孩子们吃了。cakes 复数被吃，一般过去时被动 were eaten。 7．The letter ________ (send) to me last month. 【答案】was sent 【详解】句意：这封信上个月被寄给我。letter 单数被寄，一般过去时被动 was sent。 8．The car ________ (repair) by the worker an hour ago. 【答案】was repaired 【详解】句意：一小时前这辆车被工人修理了。car 单数被修理，一般过去时被动 was repaired。 9．The trees ________ (plant) by the students last spring. 【答案】were planted 【详解】句意：树去年春天被学生们种了。trees 复数被种，一般过去时被动 were planted。 10．The song ________ (sing) by the girl at the party. 【答案】was sung 【详解】句意：这首歌在聚会上被那个女孩唱了。song 单数被唱，一般过去时被动 was sung。 三、按要求完成句子 1．这座桥于 2010 年建成。 The bridge ________ ________ in 2010. 【答案】 was built 【详解】句意：这座桥于 2010 年建成。“被建成”用一般过去时被动 was built，bridge 单数用 was。 2．这封信昨天被我弟弟写了。 The letter ________ ________ by my brother yesterday. 【答案】 was written 【详解】句意：这封信昨天被我弟弟写了。“被写”用一般过去时被动 was written。 3．这些照片上周被记者拍了。 These photos ________ ________ by the reporter last week. 【答案】 were taken 【详解】句意：这些照片上周被记者拍了。photos 复数，一般过去时被动 were taken。 4．那本书 2001 年出版了。 The book ________ ________ in 2001. 【答案】 was published 【详解】句意：那本书 2001 年出版了。“被出版”用一般过去时被动 was published。 5．窗户刚才被那个男孩打破了。 The window ________ ________ by the boy just now. 【答案】 was broken 【详解】句意：窗户刚才被那个男孩打破了。“被打破”用一般过去时被动 was broken。 6．蛋糕昨天被孩子们吃了。 The cakes ________ ________ by the children yesterday. 【答案】 were eaten 【详解】句意：蛋糕昨天被孩子们吃了。cakes 复数，一般过去时被动 were eaten。 7．树去年春天被学生们种了。 The trees ________ ________ by the students last spring. 【答案】 were planted 【详解】句意：树去年春天被学生们种了。trees 复数，一般过去时被动 were planted。 8．（对划线部分提问）The bridge was built in 2010. ________ ________ the bridge ________? 【答案】 When was built 【详解】句意：这座桥建于 2010 年。对时间 in 2010 提问用 When；原句一般过去时被动 was built 提前，故填 When was built。 9．（对划线部分提问）The photos were taken in Beijing. ________ ________ the photos ________? 【答案】 Where were taken 【详解】句意：这些照片在北京拍摄。对地点 in Beijing 提问用 Where；原句一般过去时被动 were taken 提前，故填 Where were taken。 10．（对划线部分提问）The letter was written by Lucy. ________ ________ the letter ________ ________? 【答案】 Who was written by 【详解】句意：这封信由 Lucy 写。对执行者 Lucy 提问用 Who；原句一般过去时被动 was written by 保留 by，故填 Who was written by。 四、完形填空 Passage 1 Some libraries use unusual appearance to attract visitors and encourage them to settle down with a new book, or use travelling libraries to bring books to hard-to-reach populations. No matter how they achieve it, these libraries are keeping the magic of reading alive. 1 Kansas City Library (Kansas City, America) Along the south wall of this parking garage, visitors can see a building which 1 a huge shelf of books. At first the building served as a bank. The library has screenings in its Vault Theater, inside an actual 1925 bank vault. 2 Stuttgart City Library (Stuttgart, Germany) Opened in 2011, this nine-floor public library 2 by Eun Young Yi. This cultural center for the city, making visitors feel 3 and full of light, can be entered from any of its four sides, and readers can borrow artwork and books. 3 Beach Library (Albena, Bulgaria) Reading a book on the 4 is an unusual experience, and in Bulgaria, one library encourages tourists to do just that. The white, weather-resistant shelves lined up not far from the surf have 6,000 books in 15 languages, 5 every visitor can find the perfect beach read to enjoy while soaking up the sun’s rays. 4 The Camel (骆驼) Library Service (North Eastern Province, Kenya) To make more people in the desert of Kenya have the ability to read, the government created a travelling library made up of nine camels bringing books to villages. The library travels four days a week serving the area’s local people. Now the service focuses on children, but with 6 money they plan to increase their reach both in distance and the books they carry. 1. A．looks like B．looks up C．looks at D．looks for 2. A．design B．designs C．was designed D．designing 3. A．closed B．busy C．crowded D．open 4. A．hill B．beach C．farm D．lake 5. A．because B．so C．when D．but 6. A．more B．no C．most D．less 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. B 6. A 【导语】本文主要介绍了世界各地的几个新奇图书馆。 【详解】1. 句意：沿着这个停车场的南墙，游客可以看到一座看起来像一个巨大书架的建筑。 looks like看起来；looks up查阅；looks at看；looks for寻找。根据“see a building which...a huge shelf of books”可知，这个建筑物看起来像一个巨大书架，故选A。 2. 句意：这座九层楼高的公共图书馆于2011年开放，由Eun Young Yi设计。 design设计，原形；designs设计，单数；was designed被设计；designing设计，现在分词。根据“Opened in 2011, this nine-floor public library”可知，句子是一般过去时，且主语与design之间是被动关系，故选C。 3. 句意：这座城市的文化中心让游客感到开放和充满光线，可以从四个侧面中的任何一个进入，读者可以借阅艺术品和书籍。 closed关闭的；busy忙碌的；crowded拥挤的；open开的。根据“...full of light, can be entered from any of its four sides”可知，文化中心让游客感到开放，可以从四个侧面中的任何一个进入，故选D。 4. 句意：在海滩上看书是一种不寻常的体验，在保加利亚，一家图书馆鼓励游客这样做。 hill小山；beach海滩；farm农场；lake湖泊。根据“Beach Library”可知，在海滩上看书是一种不寻常的体验，故选B。 5. 句意：离海浪不远的白色耐候书架上有15种语言的6000本书，所以每个游客都可以在沐浴阳光的同时找到完美的海滩读物。 because因为；so因此；when当……时；but但是。根据“The white, weather-resistant shelves lined up not far from the surf have 6,000 books...every visitor can find the perfect beach read to enjoy...”可知，两句是因果关系，后句是结果，故选B。 6. 句意：现在，这项服务主要针对儿童，但随着资金的增加，他们计划在距离和携带的书籍方面扩大服务范围。 more更多的；no没有；most大多数的；less更少的。根据“...to increase their reach both in distance and the books they carry.”可知，随着资金的增加，他们计划在距离和携带的书籍方面扩大服务范围。故选A。 Passage 2 It’s known to almost everyone across the world that Big Ben is the nickname for the great bell of the clock in London. But have you ever heard about Big Ben Coin? You can buy a special £100 coin, with the image of Big Ben on one side and Queen on the other this year. The new £100 coins have been made to mark the 1 of the new year. The coins 2 56 grams of silver. There are only 50,000 of the special coins, each at the value of £100. However, the coins are only for collectors and people will use them to pay for 3 at the shops. The name Big Ben was given in honour of Sir Benjamin Hall, who was 4 the works when the bell was installed in 1856. Its first broadcast was on New Year’s Eve in 1923. The Big Ben clock tower is huge, nearly 100 metres in height. If you want to go to the top of the tower by stairs, you have to climb 393 steps. Actually, the nickname Big Ben refers to the large bell of the clocktower, but many people would associate the name with the whole tower. There are 5 smaller bells in the tower which strike the quarters and are called “Little Bens”. The clock tower has appeared in many films, most notably in the 1978 version of The Thirty-Nine Steps, in which the hero tried to stop the clock’s progress to prevent a linked bomb blowing up by hanging from the minute hand of its western face. It was 6 used in the film Shanghai Knights, and was shown as being destroyed in Aliens of London. In the Walt Disney film The Great Mouse Detective, it was even shown being destroyed by a UFO! 1. A．decision B．beginning C．achievement D．success 2. A．count B．consist C．contain D．contact 3. A．everything B．something C．anything D．nothing 4. A．in charge of B．proud of C．familiar with D．keen on 5. A．two B．three C．four D．five 6. A．always B．almost C．likely D．also 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. C 6. D 【导语】本文介绍了英国为纪念新年发行的Big Ben纪念币，并讲述了Big Ben的历史背景及其在影视作品中的出现情况。 【详解】1. 句意：新的100英镑硬币是为了纪念新年的开始而制作的。 decision决定；beginning开始；achievement成就；success成功。根据“new year”，搭配“beginning”最合理，表示“新年的开始”。故选B。 2. 句意：这些硬币含有56克白银。 count计数；consist由……组成；contain包含；contact接触。原文提到硬币的材质“56 grams of silver”，需用“contain”表示“含有”。consist需搭配of使用，排除B。故选C。 3. 句意：然而，这些硬币仅供收藏，人们不会用它们在商店购买任何东西。 everything一切；something某物；anything任何东西；nothing没有东西。根据“only for collectors”及逻辑，硬币不用于实际购物，否定语境中“nothing”更准确。故选D。 4. 句意：Big Ben的名字是为了纪念Benjamin Hall爵士，他在1856年安装时钟负责工程。 in charge of负责；proud of自豪；familiar with熟悉；keen on热衷。原文“who was...the works”描述职责，“in charge of”符合语境。其他选项与“监督工程”无关。故选A。 5. 句意：塔内有四个较小的钟，用于报刻钟，被叫做“Little Bens”。 two二；three三；four四；five五。根据常识及“strike the quarters”（报刻钟），钟楼通常有四个小钟对应每一刻钟。故选C。 6. 句意：它还被用在电影《上海骑士》中，并且在《伦敦外星人》里被呈现为遭到了破坏的样子。 always总是；almost几乎；likely可能；also也。前文提到多部电影，此处需表示“另外出现”，用“also”。其他选项无法体现递进关系。故选D。 Passage 3 Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage (选择最恰当的单词或词语完成短文) Some people find visiting ordinary museums to be a bit dry. Luckily for them, there are unusual museums to check out, such as underwater museums! Many underwater museums are 1 by companies that offer guided tours. Depending on the depth of the museum, visitors may be able to view the sculptures from a glass bottomed boat or by swimming on the surface. Other underwater museums are deeper and are most suitable for divers. One of their main purposes is to create a man-made reef (礁) environment where sea creatures can live. That’s 2 some of the museums are located in areas that were damaged by hurricanes (飓风) or are considered underwater “deserts”. The statues in the museum are designed in a way that encourages the growth of coral and plant life. Over time, the statues and plants attracted more and more fish to the area. Florida, U.S.A Florida is home to different types of underwater museums. The state’s newest underwater museum, the Underwater Museum of Art can be found off the coast of Grayton Beach. This part of the Gulf of Mexico is an underwater desert, so creators hope that the exhibit will 3 the ocean environment. Cancun, Mexico For years, Cancun has been a popular 4 . And one of the major draws is the water. The Museo Subacuaticao de Arte is an ideal place for divers. There they can enjoy more than 500 statues that help to build a man-made reef. This museum was created to give visitors another choice because the area’s 5 reef has been damaged. Canary Islands, Spain Museo Atlantico has an impressive display of more than 300 statues. They focus on man’s interaction with the marine world. If you are looking for a different museum 6 , check out one that’s underwater! 1. A．predicted B．supported C．divided D．examined 2. A．why B．how C．what D．where 3. A．discover B．imagine C．manage D．improve 4. A．magic tower B．weather forecast C．tourist destination D．opening ceremony 5. A．national B．natural C．colorful D．beautiful 6. A．experience B．address C．guide D．business 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. B 6. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍与众不同的水下博物馆。 【详解】1. 句意：许多水下博物馆都得到了提供导游服务的公司的支持。 predicted预测；supported支持；divided划分；examined检查。根据“Many underwater museums are...by companies that offer guided tours.”可知，水下博物馆得到了提供导游服务的公司的支持。故选B。 2. 句意：这就是为什么一些博物馆位于被飓风破坏的地区或被认为是水下“沙漠”的地区。 why为什么；how如何；what什么；where哪里。根据“That’s...some of the museums are located in areas that were damaged by hurricanes (飓风) or are considered underwater “deserts”.”和上下文内容可知，此处在解释原因，故选A。 3. 句意：墨西哥湾的这一部分是水下沙漠，所以创作者希望这次展览能改善海洋环境。 discover发现；imagine想象；manage管理；improve改善。根据“so creators hope that the exhibit will...the ocean environment”可知，希望能改善海洋环境，故选D。 4. 句意：多年来，坎昆一直是受欢迎的旅游胜地。 magic tower魔法塔；weather forecast天气预报；tourist destination旅游胜地；opening ceremony开幕式。根据“Cancun has been a popular...”可知，坎昆是受欢迎的旅游胜地，故选C。 5. 句意：这座博物馆的建立是为了给游客提供另一种选择，因为该地区的天然珊瑚礁已经遭到破坏。 national国家的；natural自然的；colorful彩色的；beautiful美丽的。根据“This museum was created to give visitors another choice because the area’s...reef has been damaged.”可知，天然珊瑚礁已经遭到破坏，故选B。 6. 句意：如果你正在寻找一种不同的博物馆体验，那就去看看水下博物馆吧！ experience经历；address地址；guide导游；business生意。根据“If you are looking for a different museum..., check out one that’s underwater!”可知，是不同的博物馆体验，故选A。 五、短文填空 Passage 4 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In the forests of southern Sweden, there is 1 small wooden house. It is part of a special tourism project called “Stay Quiet”. The idea was to help people get away 2 the noise of busy life and enjoy the peace of nature. Guests in the house must keep all sounds below 45 decibels (分贝), which is as quiet as a library. They have to leave at once 3 someone makes too much noise. This experience was not open to everyone. From more than 200 people who wanted to join, only three pairs 4 (choose) to take part over a weekend in late 2025. Noise 5 (pollute) is becoming a serious problem. Too much noise can make people stressed and cause sleeping problems. It’s harmful to keep 6 (stay) around noise for a long time, a study shows. It can make memory and attention 7 (health). However, nature helps us feel calm and think 8 (clear). Inside the cabin, there were no TVs, 9 (phone) or the Internet. Guests cooked meals over fire, walked in the forest and wrote letters to 10 (they) future selves. The project’s organizers hope that people can slow down and enjoy the beauty of silence. 【答案】 1. a 2. from 3. if 4. were chosen 5. pollution 6. staying 7. unhealthy 8. clearly 9. phones 10. their 【导语】本文主要介绍了瑞典南部森林中一个名为“Stay Quiet”的特别旅游项目，强调远离噪音、享受宁静自然的生活方式。 【详解】1. 句意：在瑞典南部的森林里，有一间小木屋。“small wooden house”为单数可数名词，且第一次出现，故用不定冠词a。 2. 句意：这个想法是为了帮助人们远离繁忙生活的噪音，享受自然的宁静。get away from为固定搭配，意为“远离……”。 3. 句意：如果有人制造太多噪音，他们必须立刻离开。分析前后句可知，此处表示条件关系，故用if引导条件状语从句。 4. 句意：在200多名想参加的人中，只有三组被选中在2025年底的一个周末参加。主语“three pairs”与choose之间为被动关系，且时间状语为in late 2025，故用一般过去时的被动语态were chosen。 5. 句意：噪音污染正成为一个严重的问题。此处作主语，需用名词形式pollution，noise pollution为固定表达，意为“噪音污染”。 6. 句意：一项研究表明，长期处于噪音环境中是有害的。keep doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“持续做某事”，故填staying。 7. 句意：它会使记忆力和注意力不健康。根据前文harmful可知，此处表示负面影响，需用形容词unhealthy作宾语补足语，表示“不健康的”。 8. 句意：然而，大自然帮助我们感到平静并清晰地思考。修饰动词think需用副词形式clearly。 9. 句意：小屋里没有电视、电话和网络。phone为可数名词，与TVs并列，且泛指多部电话，故用复数形式phones。 10. 句意：客人用火做饭，在森林里散步，并给未来的自己写信。修饰名词future selves需用形容词性物主代词their，表示“他们自己的”。 Passage 5 阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Fujian Tulou is a kind of traditional Chinese rural (乡村) house. The Hakka people 1 (build) them in the mountainous areas of East China’s Fujian Province during the Song and Yuan Dynasties. These large, closed, and strong earth buildings were added to UNESCO’s World Heritage (遗产) List in 2008. China’s 2 (develop) has not given up traditional culture but has gone hand in hand with its cultural heritage. Fujian Tulou is 3 example of this. In Zhangzhou’s Nanjing County, over 15,000 tulou buildings are kept. A large number of tourists are 4 (interest) in them. The buildings are now open to tourists, but there are still many families 5 (live) together in them. At the tulou area, you can always see many travelers taking videos 6 their phones or cameras. Local people may invite visitors to their homes for a short tour, sharing 7 (story) about the inside design of the tulou. Usually, the ink rubbing (墨水拓片) workshop also interests lots of visitors. The leader of the workshop guides people 8 (patient), showing them luck and happiness in China, on a woodcut (木版画) of a tulou. After rolling the paper with golden ink, they get a beautiful picture of the tulou, made by 9 (they) own hands that they can take home. These activities not only provide fun 10 allow visitors to experience the beauty of traditional Chinese culture firsthand. 【答案】 1. built 2. development 3. an 4. interested 5. living 6. with 7. stories 8. patiently 9. their 10. but 【导语】本文介绍了中国传统乡村民居福建土楼，讲述了它的建造历史、文化遗产地位、如今的开放情况以及相关特色体验活动，体现了文化传承与发展共存的特点。 【详解】1. 句意：福建土楼是一种中国传统乡村民居，宋元时期客家人在中国福建山区建造了它们。时间状语“during the Song and Yuan Dynasties”表示过去的时间，谓语动词用一般过去时，build的过去式为built。 2. 句意：中国的发展没有放弃传统文化，反而和文化遗产协同发展。名词所有格China’s后需要接名词，develop的名词形式是development，意为“发展”，此处为抽象含义，不可数名词。 3. 句意：福建土楼就是这方面的一个例子。example以元音音素开头，表泛指“一个”要用不定冠词an。 4. 句意：大量游客对它们很感兴趣。固定搭配be interested in表示“对……感兴趣”，故填interested。 5. 句意：这些建筑现在对游客开放，但仍有许多家庭共同居住在里面。there be + 名词 + doing sth. 表示“有某物/某人正在做某事”，live的现在分词是living。 6. 句意：在土楼景区，你总能看到很多游客用手机或相机拍摄视频。固定搭配take videos with...表示“用……拍摄视频”，with意为“用（工具）”。 7. 句意：当地人会邀请游客到家中小逛，分享关于土楼内部设计的故事。此处表示多个故事，story是可数名词，要用复数形式stories。 8. 句意：工坊的负责人耐心地引导人们，在土楼木版画中向人们展现中式的吉祥寓意。修饰动词guides需要用副词，patient的副词形式是patiently。 9. 句意：在用金墨滚印纸张后，他们能得到一幅亲手制作的精美土楼画作，可以带回家。固定搭配one’s own表示“某人自己的”，they的形容词性物主代词是their。 10. 句意：这些活动不仅带来乐趣，还能让游客亲身体验中国传统文化之美。固定结构not only...but (also)...表示“不仅……而且……”，故填but。 Passage 6 阅读下面短文，根据上下文或括号内单词等提示，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式。 The Mogao Caves (莫高窟), also known as the Thousand Buddha Caves, are in Dunhuang, Gansu Province. They are one of the most famous cultural 1 (treasure) in the world. The caves were first built in 366 AD．Over a thousand years, people dug more than 700 caves on a cliff. Up to now, 492 well-kept caves 2 (survive), housing more than 2,000 carefully-painted sculptures (雕塑). These clay sculptures differ greatly in size, with the largest reaching 33 meters in 3 (height) and the smallest just 10 centimeters tall. Some paintings show people playing music, dancing, farming or travelling on the Silk Road. In 1900, a man named Wang Yuanlu discovered 4 hidden library in one cave. It had more than 50,000 ancient manuscripts (手稿). These documents include texts about Buddhism, medicine, astronomy, art, and even old songs. However, some of these treasures were 5 (take) to other countries by explorers. Today, the Mogao Caves are a UNESCO World Heritage Site. They are called the “Louvre of the East” because of 6 (they) great value. Many visitors come from all over the world to see the 7 (fascinate) art and learn about ancient China. 8 (protect) the caves, only a few caves are open to the public, and taking photos is not allowed. The Mogao Caves are not just a Chinese treasure but also a gift to the whole world. They show 9 different cultures, like Chinese, Indian, and Central Asian, met and influenced each other along the ancient Silk Road. We must protect them carefully 10 future generations (后代) to enjoy and learn from. 【答案】 1. treasures 2. have survived 3. height 4. a 5. taken 6. their 7. fascinating 8. To protect 9. how 10. for 【导语】本文介绍了甘肃敦煌莫高窟的建造历史、艺术价值、文物发现与流失情况，以及当下的保护措施，展现了它作为世界文化瑰宝的独特意义。 【详解】1. 句意：它们是世界上最著名的文化瑰宝之一。 “one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数”是固定用法，treasure“珍宝”，其复数形式为treasures。 2. 句意：至今，有492座保存完好的洞窟留存下来，里面存有两千多尊精雕彩绘的雕塑。 up to now（到目前为止）为现在完成时标志，其结构是“have/has + done”，主语为复数，应用have survived。 3. 句意：这些泥塑大小不一，最大的高达33米，最小的仅有10厘米。介词in后接名词，high对应的名词为height， in height是固定短语，意为“在高度上”。 4. 句意：1900年，一位名叫王圆箓的人在一个洞窟中发现了一处隐秘的藏经洞。 此处泛指一处藏经洞，hidden以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。 5. 句意：然而，其中部分珍宝被探险者带往了其他国家。主语“treasures”与动词“take”构成被动关系，被动语态结构为“be + 过去分词”，take的过去分词为taken。 6. 句意：因其巨大的价值，莫高窟被誉为“东方卢浮宫”。 修饰名词“great value”，需用形容词性物主代词，they的形容词性物主代词为their。 7. 句意：世界各地的游客前来欣赏这迷人的艺术，了解古老的中国。 修饰名词art，需用形容词；修饰事物用-ing形式，fascinate的形容词为fascinating，意为“迷人的”。 8. 句意：为了保护洞窟，仅有少数洞窟对游客开放，并且禁止拍照。此处作目的状语，用动词不定式，句首单词首字母大写，应用To protect。 9. 句意：它们展现出中国、印度、中亚等不同文化在古丝绸之路上如何交融、相互影响。 宾语从句中缺少方式状语，表达“如何”，应用how。 10. 句意：我们必须用心保护它们，供后代观赏与学习。介词for可表示对象、用途，意为“供……使用”，符合语境。 六、选词填空 Passage 7 将下列单词或词组填入空格。每空格限填一词，每词只能填一次。 A．aims      B．rides      C． banks      D．made of      E. made up of Plans for a new UK theme park are, under way and if all goes to plan, it will be open to visitors in 2024. The “London Resort” theme park will be built on the 1 of the river Thames in Kent. It is set to be three times bigger than any other UK theme park and the most ambitious plans Europe has seen since Disneyland Paris was built in 1992! The London Resort theme park will be 2 hotels, food halls, water parks and of course, 3 ! Visitors will be taken on a journey to six different “lands.” Each of these will have a different theme, from magical woodlands and kingdoms to futuristic alien encounters. The park 4 to meet the needs of everyone. A．influence      B．prevent     C． protect      D．seriously      E. response But not everyone is happy about the idea of the London Resort. The 5 so far has been mixed. According to a survey carried out by London Resort Company. Holdings (LRCH), the developers of the theme park, 16% of people said they were against its being built. One reason for this is the possible bad 6 on the area’s environment. The area is believed to be home to a number of endangered plants and animals. However, according to LRCH, the plans for the park include areas designed to 7 wildlife through quiet zones and green areas. They also plan to leave existing wildlife marshes (沼泽) as they are. After ten years of planning, the LRCH has handed in its plans, which will be 8 considered by the government and open to a public discussion. So, what are your thoughts on the proposal? 【答案】1. C 2. E 3. B 4. A 5. E 6. A 7. C 8. D 【导语】本文讲述了“伦敦度假村”主题公园将建在肯特郡的泰晤士河岸边以及由此引发的各方反应。 【详解】1. 句意：“伦敦度假村”主题公园将建在肯特郡的泰晤士河岸边。根据“theme park will be built on the...of the river Thames in Kent”可知这个主题公园是建立在泰晤士河的岸边，bank“河岸”符合语境，故选C。 2. 句意：伦敦度假主题公园将由酒店、食品大厅、水上乐园，当然还有游乐设施组成！根据“The London Resort theme park will be...hotels, food halls, water park”可知这个主题公园是由这些组成的，be made up of“由……组成”，故选E。 3. 句意：伦敦度假主题公园将由酒店、食品大厅、水上乐园，当然还有游乐设施组成！根据“hotels, food halls, water parks and of course”结合备选词汇可知此处是指游乐设施，ride“游乐设施”，故选B。 4. 句意：公园旨在满足每个人的需求。此处应填一个动词，结合备选词汇可知，此处是指公园旨在满足每个人的需求，aim“旨在，目的是”符合语境，故选A。 5. 句意：到目前为止，各方反应不一。根据“The...so far has been mixed”结合备选词汇可知，此处是指人们的反应，response“反应”，名词，故选E。 6. 句意：其中一个原因是可能对该地区的环境造成不良影响。根据“One reason for this is the possible bad...on the area’s environment.”可知建立主题公园会对周围环境造成不良影响，influence“影响”，名词，故选A。 7. 句意：然而，据LRCH介绍，公园的规划包括通过安静区和绿地来保护野生动物。根据“include areas designed to...wildlife through quiet zones and green areas.”结合备选词汇可知，此处是指保护野生动物，protect“保护”，动词。故选C。 8. 句意：经过十年的规划，LRCH已经提交了它的计划，政府将认真考虑并开放给公众讨论。根据“which will be...considered by the government and open to a public discussion.”可知此空应填一个副词修饰动词，结合备选词汇可知seriously“认真地”符合语境，故选D。 Passage 8 Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each one can only be used once. A．experience  B．started  C． attended  D．present  E. travel HongKong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge is a bridge-tunnel project connecting HongKong, Zhuhai and Macao in China. It is located in Lingdingyang area of Guangdong Province and is the southern ring section of the ring expressway in the Pearl River Delta region. The HongKong Zhuhai Macao Bridge 1 construction in December 15, 2009. On October 23, 2018, the opening ceremony of the HongKong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge was held in Zhuhai, Guangdong Province. Xi Jinping 2 the ceremony and announced（宣布） the official opening of the bridge. On October 24, the bridge was opened at 9:00 a.m. in the same year. It took only 30 minutes to drive from Hong Kong to Zhuhai and Macao. HongKong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge brings new opportunities（机遇）for the integration and development of the Guangdong-HongKong-Macao Bay Area. People in the three places couldn’t wait to make a pilgrimage to the bridge to 3 the convenience of the “one-hour living circle” in Dawan District. The bridge will cut 4 time from Hong Kong to both Zhuhai and Macao from the current three hours by road or one hour by sea to a half hour drive. A．nearby  B．created  C． measures  D．used  E. nearly British newspaper “The Guardian” named the mega（巨型）structure one of its “seven wonders” of the modern world. “More than 400,000 tonnes of steel have been 5 for the 6.7 km undersea tunnel and 22.9 km bridge, enough to build 60 Eiffel Towers.” Located near the airports of Hong Kong and Macao and over one of the world’s busiest shipping routes（航道）, where more than 4,000 vessels（船舶） pass by every day, the project could not interfere（干扰）with the operations of the vessels and the airplanes 6 . This is the first time China has built an immersed tube tunnel（沉管隧道） in open waters. Two artificial（人工的） islands made of steel pillars（圆柱） were 7 to connect the bridge, the first time this process has ever been used. With a series of world advanced anti-erosion（抗腐蚀）and earthquake-resistant（抗震） 8 , the bridge can be operational for 120 years. China technology and China standard set by the HongKong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge will influence the world market. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. E 5. D 6. A 7. B 8. C 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了港珠澳大桥建设的时间、对人们的意义以及其他一些细节。 【详解】1. 句意：港珠澳大桥于2009年12月15日开工建设。根据“The HongKong Zhuhai Macao Bridge…construction in December 15, 2009.”可知，此处说的是港珠澳大桥于2009年12月15日“开工建设”。started动词过去式，意为“开始”。故选B。 2. 句意：习近平出席了开幕式，并宣布大桥正式通车。根据“the ceremony”可知，是习近平主席“出席了”开幕式。attended动词过去式，意为“出席”。故选C。 3. 句意：三地的人们迫不及待地到桥上去朝拜，体验大湾区“一小时生活圈”的便利。根据空后“the convenience of the ‘one-hour living circle’ in Dawan District.”可知，是三地的人们迫不及待想“体验”大湾区“一小时生活圈”的便利。experience动词，意为“体验”。故选A。 4. 句意：大桥将把香港到珠海和澳门的旅行时间从目前的3个小时的公路或1个小时的海路缩短到半小时的车程。根据“from HongKong to both Zhuhai and Macao”从香港到珠海和澳门可知，此处指的是“旅行时间”缩短。travel名词，意为“旅行”。故选E。 5. 句意：40多万吨钢材被用于6.7公里长的海底隧道和22.9公里长的大桥，这足以建造60座埃菲尔铁塔。此处是固定搭配，be used for意为“被用于做某事”。故选D。 6. 句意：该项目不能妨碍附近船只和飞机的运行。nearby意为“在附近”，此处表示“附近地船只和飞机”。故选A。 7. 句意：两座由钢柱组成的人工岛连接着大桥。根据“Two artificial（人工的）islands made of steel pillars（圆柱）”可知，是两座由钢柱组成的人工岛“连接着”大桥。created动词过去式，意为“建立”。故选B。 8. 句意：该桥采用了一系列世界先进的防腐蚀抗震措施，可使用120年。根据“advanced anti-erosion（抗腐蚀）and earthquake-resistant（抗震）”可知，此处表达的是先进的防腐蚀抗震“措施”。measures名词复数，意为“措施”。故选C。 15 / 18乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $单元核心语法精练 Unit 5 Buildings （新教材沪教版五四学制） （一般过去时被动语态） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 思维导图梳理了一般过去时被动语态的两大板块：一是概念与结构（表示过去某时主语是动作承受者，谓语由 was/were + 过去分词构成，was 用于单数、were 用于复数；否定与疑问的变化规则）；二是考点与步骤（主动变被动的四个步骤、不及物动词无被动、使役/感官动词后的 to 还原、by 后接宾格、短语动词整体不拆分）。帮助掌握“主语 + was/were + done”的结构，并区分一般过去时与一般现在时被动。 语法模块 具体内容 结构 / 规则 典型例句及翻译 一、概念与结构 概念 过去某时主语是动作承受者 被动 = be(done) 的过去式：was/were + done 肯定句 was/were + 过去分词 (done) The bridge was built in 2010. 否定句 was/were + not + done The letter was not sent yesterday. 疑问句 Was/Were + 主语 + done …? Were these photos taken last week? 二、主动变被动步骤 步骤 ①主动宾语→被动主语 ②谓语→was/were+done ③主动主语放 by 后(可省) ④时态保持一般过去时 例句 They built the house last year.（主动） → The house was built (by them) last year.（被动） 三、易错考点 不及物无被动 happen/take place/appear/rise 无被动 ❌ The accident was happened. ✅ The accident happened. to 还原 make/see/watch 后省 to，被动补 to They saw him leave. → He was seen to leave. by 后用宾格 动作执行者用宾格 The work was finished by him. 短语动词不拆分 介词/副词不能丢 We listened to the teacher. → The teacher was listened to. 使用注意事项 1. 一般过去时被动语态表示过去某个时间主语是动作的承受者，谓语由“was/were + 及物动词的过去分词”构成。 2. be 动词随主语变化：主语为单数名词、不可数名词或 he/she/it 用 was；主语为复数或 you/I 用 were。 3. 常用标志词：yesterday, last week/month/year, …ago, in + 过去年份, just now 等。 4. 不及物动词（happen, take place, appear, rise 等）不能用于被动语态。 5. 主动语态中 make/let/see/hear/watch 等后接宾语补足语时省略 to，变为被动后必须补回 to：was/were made to do。 6. by 后的动作执行者要用宾格（by him/her/me/us）；短语动词（listen to, look after 等）变为被动时介词或副词不能丢掉。 一、单项选择 1．The bridge ________ in 2010. A．was built B．builds C．built D．is built 2．A new hospital ________ in my hometown last year. A．builds B．was built C．built D．is built 3．The house ________ by my grandfather thirty years ago. A．builds B．built C．was built D．is built 4．The windows ________ yesterday because of the strong wind. A．break B．broke C．are broken D．were broken 5．The book ________ by Lu Xun. Many people like it. A．was written B．writes C．wrote D．is written 6．The sports meeting ________ because of the rain last week. A．puts off B．was put off C．put off D．is put off 7．The old temple ________ hundreds of years ago. A．builds B．built C．was built D．is built 8．The letter ________ to me by my friend last month. A．sends B．sent C．is sent D．was sent 9．The cakes ________ by the naughty boy just now. A．were eaten B．eat C．ate D．are eaten 10．The classroom ________ by the students yesterday afternoon. A．cleans B．was cleaned C．cleaned D．is cleaned 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1．The letter ________ (write) by my brother yesterday. 2．The house ________ (build) in 1990. 3．These photos ________ (take) by the reporter last week. 4．The book ________ (publish) in 2001. 5．The window ________ (break) by the boy just now. 6．The cakes ________ (eat) by the children yesterday. 7．The letter ________ (send) to me last month. 8．The car ________ (repair) by the worker an hour ago. 9．The trees ________ (plant) by the students last spring. 10．The song ________ (sing) by the girl at the party. 三、按要求完成句子 1．这座桥于 2010 年建成。 The bridge ________ ________ in 2010. 2．这封信昨天被我弟弟写了。 The letter ________ ________ by my brother yesterday. 3．这些照片上周被记者拍了。 These photos ________ ________ by the reporter last week. 4．那本书 2001 年出版了。 The book ________ ________ in 2001. 5．窗户刚才被那个男孩打破了。 The window ________ ________ by the boy just now. 6．蛋糕昨天被孩子们吃了。 The cakes ________ ________ by the children yesterday. 7．树去年春天被学生们种了。 The trees ________ ________ by the students last spring. 8．（对划线部分提问）The bridge was built in 2010. ________ ________ the bridge ________? 9．（对划线部分提问）The photos were taken in Beijing. ________ ________ the photos ________? 10．（对划线部分提问）The letter was written by Lucy. ________ ________ the letter ________ ________? 四、完形填空 Passage 1 Some libraries use unusual appearance to attract visitors and encourage them to settle down with a new book, or use travelling libraries to bring books to hard-to-reach populations. No matter how they achieve it, these libraries are keeping the magic of reading alive. 1 Kansas City Library (Kansas City, America) Along the south wall of this parking garage, visitors can see a building which 1 a huge shelf of books. At first the building served as a bank. The library has screenings in its Vault Theater, inside an actual 1925 bank vault. 2 Stuttgart City Library (Stuttgart, Germany) Opened in 2011, this nine-floor public library 2 by Eun Young Yi. This cultural center for the city, making visitors feel 3 and full of light, can be entered from any of its four sides, and readers can borrow artwork and books. 3 Beach Library (Albena, Bulgaria) Reading a book on the 4 is an unusual experience, and in Bulgaria, one library encourages tourists to do just that. The white, weather-resistant shelves lined up not far from the surf have 6,000 books in 15 languages, 5 every visitor can find the perfect beach read to enjoy while soaking up the sun’s rays. 4 The Camel (骆驼) Library Service (North Eastern Province, Kenya) To make more people in the desert of Kenya have the ability to read, the government created a travelling library made up of nine camels bringing books to villages. The library travels four days a week serving the area’s local people. Now the service focuses on children, but with 6 money they plan to increase their reach both in distance and the books they carry. 1. A．looks like B．looks up C．looks at D．looks for 2. A．design B．designs C．was designed D．designing 3. A．closed B．busy C．crowded D．open 4. A．hill B．beach C．farm D．lake 5. A．because B．so C．when D．but 6. A．more B．no C．most D．less Passage 2 It’s known to almost everyone across the world that Big Ben is the nickname for the great bell of the clock in London. But have you ever heard about Big Ben Coin? You can buy a special £100 coin, with the image of Big Ben on one side and Queen on the other this year. The new £100 coins have been made to mark the 1 of the new year. The coins 2 56 grams of silver. There are only 50,000 of the special coins, each at the value of £100. However, the coins are only for collectors and people will use them to pay for 3 at the shops. The name Big Ben was given in honour of Sir Benjamin Hall, who was 4 the works when the bell was installed in 1856. Its first broadcast was on New Year’s Eve in 1923. The Big Ben clock tower is huge, nearly 100 metres in height. If you want to go to the top of the tower by stairs, you have to climb 393 steps. Actually, the nickname Big Ben refers to the large bell of the clocktower, but many people would associate the name with the whole tower. There are 5 smaller bells in the tower which strike the quarters and are called “Little Bens”. The clock tower has appeared in many films, most notably in the 1978 version of The Thirty-Nine Steps, in which the hero tried to stop the clock’s progress to prevent a linked bomb blowing up by hanging from the minute hand of its western face. It was 6 used in the film Shanghai Knights, and was shown as being destroyed in Aliens of London. In the Walt Disney film The Great Mouse Detective, it was even shown being destroyed by a UFO! 1. A．decision B．beginning C．achievement D．success 2. A．count B．consist C．contain D．contact 3. A．everything B．something C．anything D．nothing 4. A．in charge of B．proud of C．familiar with D．keen on 5. A．two B．three C．four D．five 6. A．always B．almost C．likely D．also Passage 3 Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage (选择最恰当的单词或词语完成短文) Some people find visiting ordinary museums to be a bit dry. Luckily for them, there are unusual museums to check out, such as underwater museums! Many underwater museums are 1 by companies that offer guided tours. Depending on the depth of the museum, visitors may be able to view the sculptures from a glass bottomed boat or by swimming on the surface. Other underwater museums are deeper and are most suitable for divers. One of their main purposes is to create a man-made reef (礁) environment where sea creatures can live. That’s 2 some of the museums are located in areas that were damaged by hurricanes (飓风) or are considered underwater “deserts”. The statues in the museum are designed in a way that encourages the growth of coral and plant life. Over time, the statues and plants attracted more and more fish to the area. Florida, U.S.A Florida is home to different types of underwater museums. The state’s newest underwater museum, the Underwater Museum of Art can be found off the coast of Grayton Beach. This part of the Gulf of Mexico is an underwater desert, so creators hope that the exhibit will 3 the ocean environment. Cancun, Mexico For years, Cancun has been a popular 4 . And one of the major draws is the water. The Museo Subacuaticao de Arte is an ideal place for divers. There they can enjoy more than 500 statues that help to build a man-made reef. This museum was created to give visitors another choice because the area’s 5 reef has been damaged. Canary Islands, Spain Museo Atlantico has an impressive display of more than 300 statues. They focus on man’s interaction with the marine world. If you are looking for a different museum 6 , check out one that’s underwater! 1. A．predicted B．supported C．divided D．examined 2. A．why B．how C．what D．where 3. A．discover B．imagine C．manage D．improve 4. A．magic tower B．weather forecast C．tourist destination D．opening ceremony 5. A．national B．natural C．colorful D．beautiful 6. A．experience B．address C．guide D．business 五、短文填空 Passage 4 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In the forests of southern Sweden, there is 1 small wooden house. It is part of a special tourism project called “Stay Quiet”. The idea was to help people get away 2 the noise of busy life and enjoy the peace of nature. Guests in the house must keep all sounds below 45 decibels (分贝), which is as quiet as a library. They have to leave at once 3 someone makes too much noise. This experience was not open to everyone. From more than 200 people who wanted to join, only three pairs 4 (choose) to take part over a weekend in late 2025. Noise 5 (pollute) is becoming a serious problem. Too much noise can make people stressed and cause sleeping problems. It’s harmful to keep 6 (stay) around noise for a long time, a study shows. It can make memory and attention 7 (health). However, nature helps us feel calm and think 8 (clear). Inside the cabin, there were no TVs, 9 (phone) or the Internet. Guests cooked meals over fire, walked in the forest and wrote letters to 10 (they) future selves. The project’s organizers hope that people can slow down and enjoy the beauty of silence. Passage 5 阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Fujian Tulou is a kind of traditional Chinese rural (乡村) house. The Hakka people 1 (build) them in the mountainous areas of East China’s Fujian Province during the Song and Yuan Dynasties. These large, closed, and strong earth buildings were added to UNESCO’s World Heritage (遗产) List in 2008. China’s 2 (develop) has not given up traditional culture but has gone hand in hand with its cultural heritage. Fujian Tulou is 3 example of this. In Zhangzhou’s Nanjing County, over 15,000 tulou buildings are kept. A large number of tourists are 4 (interest) in them. The buildings are now open to tourists, but there are still many families 5 (live) together in them. At the tulou area, you can always see many travelers taking videos 6 their phones or cameras. Local people may invite visitors to their homes for a short tour, sharing 7 (story) about the inside design of the tulou. Usually, the ink rubbing (墨水拓片) workshop also interests lots of visitors. The leader of the workshop guides people 8 (patient), showing them luck and happiness in China, on a woodcut (木版画) of a tulou. After rolling the paper with golden ink, they get a beautiful picture of the tulou, made by 9 (they) own hands that they can take home. These activities not only provide fun 10 allow visitors to experience the beauty of traditional Chinese culture firsthand. Passage 6 阅读下面短文，根据上下文或括号内单词等提示，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式。 The Mogao Caves (莫高窟), also known as the Thousand Buddha Caves, are in Dunhuang, Gansu Province. They are one of the most famous cultural 1 (treasure) in the world. The caves were first built in 366 AD．Over a thousand years, people dug more than 700 caves on a cliff. Up to now, 492 well-kept caves 2 (survive), housing more than 2,000 carefully-painted sculptures (雕塑). These clay sculptures differ greatly in size, with the largest reaching 33 meters in 3 (height) and the smallest just 10 centimeters tall. Some paintings show people playing music, dancing, farming or travelling on the Silk Road. In 1900, a man named Wang Yuanlu discovered 4 hidden library in one cave. It had more than 50,000 ancient manuscripts (手稿). These documents include texts about Buddhism, medicine, astronomy, art, and even old songs. However, some of these treasures were 5 (take) to other countries by explorers. Today, the Mogao Caves are a UNESCO World Heritage Site. They are called the “Louvre of the East” because of 6 (they) great value. Many visitors come from all over the world to see the 7 (fascinate) art and learn about ancient China. 8 (protect) the caves, only a few caves are open to the public, and taking photos is not allowed. The Mogao Caves are not just a Chinese treasure but also a gift to the whole world. They show 9 different cultures, like Chinese, Indian, and Central Asian, met and influenced each other along the ancient Silk Road. We must protect them carefully 10 future generations (后代) to enjoy and learn from. 六、选词填空 Passage 7 将下列单词或词组填入空格。每空格限填一词，每词只能填一次。 A．aims      B．rides      C． banks      D．made of      E. made up of Plans for a new UK theme park are, under way and if all goes to plan, it will be open to visitors in 2024. The “London Resort” theme park will be built on the 1 of the river Thames in Kent. It is set to be three times bigger than any other UK theme park and the most ambitious plans Europe has seen since Disneyland Paris was built in 1992! The London Resort theme park will be 2 hotels, food halls, water parks and of course, 3 ! Visitors will be taken on a journey to six different “lands.” Each of these will have a different theme, from magical woodlands and kingdoms to futuristic alien encounters. The park 4 to meet the needs of everyone. A．influence      B．prevent     C． protect      D．seriously      E. response But not everyone is happy about the idea of the London Resort. The 5 so far has been mixed. According to a survey carried out by London Resort Company. Holdings (LRCH), the developers of the theme park, 16% of people said they were against its being built. One reason for this is the possible bad 6 on the area’s environment. The area is believed to be home to a number of endangered plants and animals. However, according to LRCH, the plans for the park include areas designed to 7 wildlife through quiet zones and green areas. They also plan to leave existing wildlife marshes (沼泽) as they are. After ten years of planning, the LRCH has handed in its plans, which will be 8 considered by the government and open to a public discussion. So, what are your thoughts on the proposal? Passage 8 Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each one can only be used once. A．experience  B．started  C． attended  D．present  E. travel HongKong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge is a bridge-tunnel project connecting HongKong, Zhuhai and Macao in China. It is located in Lingdingyang area of Guangdong Province and is the southern ring section of the ring expressway in the Pearl River Delta region. The HongKong Zhuhai Macao Bridge 1 construction in December 15, 2009. On October 23, 2018, the opening ceremony of the HongKong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge was held in Zhuhai, Guangdong Province. Xi Jinping 2 the ceremony and announced（宣布） the official opening of the bridge. On October 24, the bridge was opened at 9:00 a.m. in the same year. It took only 30 minutes to drive from Hong Kong to Zhuhai and Macao. HongKong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge brings new opportunities（机遇）for the integration and development of the Guangdong-HongKong-Macao Bay Area. People in the three places couldn’t wait to make a pilgrimage to the bridge to 3 the convenience of the “one-hour living circle” in Dawan District. The bridge will cut 4 time from Hong Kong to both Zhuhai and Macao from the current three hours by road or one hour by sea to a half hour drive. A．nearby  B．created  C． measures  D．used  E. nearly British newspaper “The Guardian” named the mega（巨型）structure one of its “seven wonders” of the modern world. “More than 400,000 tonnes of steel have been 5 for the 6.7 km undersea tunnel and 22.9 km bridge, enough to build 60 Eiffel Towers.” Located near the airports of Hong Kong and Macao and over one of the world’s busiest shipping routes（航道）, where more than 4,000 vessels（船舶） pass by every day, the project could not interfere（干扰）with the operations of the vessels and the airplanes 6 . This is the first time China has built an immersed tube tunnel（沉管隧道） in open waters. Two artificial（人工的） islands made of steel pillars（圆柱） were 7 to connect the bridge, the first time this process has ever been used. With a series of world advanced anti-erosion（抗腐蚀）and earthquake-resistant（抗震） 8 , the bridge can be operational for 120 years. China technology and China standard set by the HongKong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge will influence the world market. 10 / 10乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $