Unit 5 课时3 Grammar：一般过去时被动语态（分层作业）英语新教材沪教版五四学制九年级上册
|
2份
|
16页
|
352人阅读
|
3人下载
摘要：
**基本信息**
分层清晰，梯度合理，通过“基础-能力-拓展-思维”四阶设计，从单一结构到语篇综合，系统巩固一般过去时被动语态，培养语言应用与思维品质。
**分层设计**
|层次|知识覆盖|设计特色|
|----|----------|----------|
|基础达标|含义、基本结构、句式变化|10单选+5句型转换，聚焦was/were+done基础应用|
|能力提升|by短语、主动变被动步骤|10单选+5句型转换，强化动词过去分词与语境匹配|
|拓展培优|易错点、时态区分|10单选+5句型转换，融入特殊疑问句与被动语态辨析|
|思维进阶|综合语篇应用|语法选择+语法填空，通过历史发明情境考查语篇中被动语态运用|
内容正文：
Unit5 Buildings
课时3 Grammar：一般过去时被动语态 分层作业
核心知识速记
03拓展培优
01基础达标
04思维进阶
02能力提升
知识模块
具体内容
含义
表示过去某时，主语是动作的承受者。
强调过去 “被……”。
主动：He built the house. 他建造了这栋房子。
被动：The house was built by him. 这栋房子是由他建造的。
基本结构
单数名词 /he/she /it was + done
复数名词 /you/we /they were + done
句式变化
✅肯定句：主语 + was/were + done
The bridge was built in 2010.
这座桥建于 2010 年。
❌否定句：主语 + was/were + not + done
The meeting was not held yesterday.
昨天没有举办这场会议。
❓一般疑问句：Was / Were + 主语 + done …?
Was the letter written last night?
这封信是昨晚写的吗？
特殊疑问句：疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + done?
When were these photos taken?
这些照片是什么时候拍的？
by 短语用法
by +动作执行者，译为 “被……”。
不知道执行者、不需要强调执行者时，by 短语直接省略。
例：This museum was built by workers.
这座博物馆是工人们建造的。
Many trees were planted last spring.（省略 by…）
去年春天种了很多树。
主动变过去被动步骤
1. 主动句的宾语变为被动句主语
2. 谓语改为 was/were +过去分词，注意单复数
3. 主动句主语放 by 后，可省略
例句：They held the sports meeting last week.
→ The sports meeting was held last week.
上周举办了运动会。
易错点
1.不及物动词 happen, take place, appear 没有被动语态，过去也不能用 was/were done
❌The accident was happened.
✅The accident happened. 事故发生了。
2. 区分两套被动（极易混淆）
一般现在被动：am / is / are + done（经常性、现在）
一般过去被动：was / were + done（过去某一次）
3. 务必熟记不规则过去分词：
make‑made；write‑written；take‑taken；build‑built；break‑broken
1．AI-powered robots ________ in many Chinese hotels to serve customers back in 2021.
A．are used B．were used C．have been used D．had been used
2．More trees ________ on both sides of the road in our city last week.
A．are planted B．have been planted
C．were planted D．will be planted
3．Some new shopping malls _________ in our city a couple of years ago.
A．are built B．were built C．have been built D．will be built
4．The young robber ________ soon after Ken called the police.
A．was arrested B．arrested C．is arrested D．arrests
5．We were pleased that enough money _________ for the SPCA．
A．was risen B．was raised C．rose D．raised
6．The criminal _________ for his terrible crimes in the 19th century.
A．was hanged B．was hung C．hanged D．hung
7．The students _________ five groups to complete the project together.
A．divided into B．were divided into
C．were separated into D．divided by
8．The sick commuters ________ one after another by the farmers this morning.
A．examine B．are examined C．examined D．were examined
9．It was reported that a variety of new weapons ________ for the first time during the recent Tian’anmen parade.
A．has shown B．have shown C．was shown D．were shown
10．He looks worried because his notebook ________ by mistake yesterday.
A．took B．was taken C．takes D．is taken
11．They didn’t find anything in the room. (改为被动语态)
Nothing ________ ________ by them in the room.
12．I broke the screen of my phone when I dropped it on the floor. (改为被动语态)
The screen of my phone ________ ________ when I dropped it on the floor.
13．Karl Benz invented the first practical car in Germany in 1885.（改为被动语态）
The first practical car ________ ________ by Karl Benz in Germany in 1885.
14．The workers rebuilt a stone bridge over the river for the local people last year. (改为被动语态)
A stone bridge ________ ________ over the river for the local people last year.
15．I wrote quite a lot of music in my student days. (改为被动语态)
Quite a lot of music ________ ________ by me in my student days.
1．Since the English corner ______ up last month, we have organized six activities.
A．has been set B．is set C．was set D．will be set
2．How beautiful these photos are! I wonder where they ________.
A．are taken B．were taken C．will be taken D．had been taken
3．The businessman bought all the pictures that ______ by the famous artist.
A．draw B．drew C．were drawn D．were drawing
4．People ________ of the coming typhoon in advance, so they took measures to prepare for its arrival.
A．warned B．were warned C．have warned D．have been warned
5．The names of the model students ________ on the school noticeboard yesterday.
A．has shown B．were shown C．will be shown D．are shown
6．Can you tell me ________?
A．when are the first computers built B．when the first computers are built
C．when were the first computers built D．when the first computers were built
7．We all know that the 1st China International Import Expo (进博会) ________ in November 2018.
A．was held B．has been held C．will be held D．is held
8．A number of new houses ________ in Wenchuan last year.
A．was built B．are built C．were built D．will be built
9．After Fengxian Museum ________, it became a new tourist attraction.
A．completed B．completes C．is completed D．was completed
10．Grandpa never received my birthday gift. I’m afraid it ________ to the wrong address.
A．delivers B．delivered C．be delivered D．was delivered
11．They built another bridge across the Huangpu River last year. （改为被动语态）
Another bridge ________ _________ across the Huangpu River last year.
12．The company provided ten laptops for the community centre last month. (改为被动语态)
Ten laptops ________ ________ for the community centre last month.
13．Thomas didn’t throw the old magazines away yesterday. (改为被动语态)
The old magazines _________ _________ away by Thomas yesterday.
14．The workers built this bridge three years ago. (改为被动语态)
This bridge ________ ________ by the workers three years ago.
15．The flood washed away some villages along the river two years ago.(改为被动语态)
Some villages along the river ________ ________ away by the flood two years ago.
语法选择
Paper is one of the greatest inventions in human history. Before paper 1 , people wrote on many difficult materials. Bones, bamboo strips and silk 2 for writing, but they were either heavy or too expensive for common people.
Cai Lun worked in the palace workshop in Eastern Han Dynasty. He 3 to find a cheap and easy material for writing. He collected old cloth, tree bark and plant fibers. All these things 4 together, boiled and beaten into thin pieces. After drying, soft paper was made.
His new paper 5 to the emperor in 105 CE. Everyone was surprised at how light and cheap it was. Soon the papermaking skill 6 across China, then spread to other countries little by little.
Paper changed the world a lot. Books could be made cheaply, so knowledge 7 by more people. Later, printing was developed 8 paper. Together, they helped civilization grow fast.
Now we still use paper every day. Though digital products are popular, paper 9 completely. Every time we hold a book, we should remember the great 10 of ancient inventors like Cai Lun.
1．A．invents B．invented C．was invented D．is invented
2．A．used B．were used C．are used D．was used
3．A．decides B．decided C．is decided D．was decided
4．A．mixed B．were mixed C．mix D．are mixed
5．A．showed B．is shown C．was shown D．shows
6．A．spread B．is spread C．was spread D．spreads
7．A．shared B．was shared C．is shared D．shares
8．A．with B．without C．against D．through
9．A．won’t replace B．won’t be replaced C．didn’t replace D．wasn’t replaced
10．A．idea B．ideas C．material D．materials
语法填空
Ideas That Changed the World
Throughout history, there 1 (be) many inventions that changed the way we live. Some of them 2 (create) by accident. Others came from years of hard work.
One such invention is the telephone. It 3 (invent) by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. Before the telephone 4 (invent), people had to write letters or travel long distances to talk 5 each other.
The first telephone call 6 (make) by Bell to his assistant. He said, “Mr. Watson, come here. I want to see you.” These simple words 7 (become) a historic moment.
Nowadays, mobile phones 8 (use) by billions of people. They are much 9 (smart) than the first telephone. However, all modern phones are built 10 Bell’s original idea.
(
1
/
6
)
学科网（北京）股份有限公司
$
Unit5 Buildings
课时3 Grammar：一般过去时被动语态 分层作业
核心知识速记
03拓展培优
01基础达标
04思维进阶
02能力提升
知识模块
具体内容
含义
表示过去某时，主语是动作的承受者。
强调过去 “被……”。
主动：He built the house. 他建造了这栋房子。
被动：The house was built by him. 这栋房子是由他建造的。
基本结构
单数名词 /he/she /it was + done
复数名词 /you/we /they were + done
句式变化
✅肯定句：主语 + was/were + done
The bridge was built in 2010.
这座桥建于 2010 年。
❌否定句：主语 + was/were + not + done
The meeting was not held yesterday.
昨天没有举办这场会议。
❓一般疑问句：Was / Were + 主语 + done …?
Was the letter written last night?
这封信是昨晚写的吗？
特殊疑问句：疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + done?
When were these photos taken?
这些照片是什么时候拍的？
by 短语用法
by +动作执行者，译为 “被……”。
不知道执行者、不需要强调执行者时，by 短语直接省略。
例：This museum was built by workers.
这座博物馆是工人们建造的。
Many trees were planted last spring.（省略 by…）
去年春天种了很多树。
主动变过去被动步骤
1. 主动句的宾语变为被动句主语
2. 谓语改为 was/were +过去分词，注意单复数
3. 主动句主语放 by 后，可省略
例句：They held the sports meeting last week.
→ The sports meeting was held last week.
上周举办了运动会。
易错点
1.不及物动词 happen, take place, appear 没有被动语态，过去也不能用 was/were done
❌The accident was happened.
✅The accident happened. 事故发生了。
2. 区分两套被动（极易混淆）
一般现在被动：am / is / are + done（经常性、现在）
一般过去被动：was / were + done（过去某一次）
3. 务必熟记不规则过去分词：
make‑made；write‑written；take‑taken；build‑built；break‑broken
1．AI-powered robots ________ in many Chinese hotels to serve customers back in 2021.
A．are used B．were used C．have been used D．had been used
【答案】B
【详解】句意：早在2021年，许多中国酒店就使用人工智能机器人来服务顾客。
考查动词时态和语态。根据“back in 2021”可知，此句描述的是过去发生的事情，应该用一般过去时，且主语“AI-powered robots”和谓语“use”之间是被动关系，表示“被使用”，所以应该用一般过去时的被动语态“were used”。故选B。
2．More trees ________ on both sides of the road in our city last week.
A．are planted B．have been planted
C．were planted D．will be planted
【答案】C
【详解】句意：上周我们城市的道路两旁种了更多的树。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“last week”可知，句子时态是一般过去时，主语“More trees”与“plant”为逻辑上的动宾关系，此处用被动语态，其结构为was/were done，C项符合。故选C。
3．Some new shopping malls _________ in our city a couple of years ago.
A．are built B．were built C．have been built D．will be built
【答案】B
【详解】句意：几年前，我们城市新建了一些购物中心。
考查时态和语态。分析句子可知，主语Some new shopping malls和动词build之间是被动关系，根据“a couple of years ago”可知此处用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done。故选B。
4．The young robber ________ soon after Ken called the police.
A．was arrested B．arrested C．is arrested D．arrests
【答案】A
【详解】句意：在Ken报警之后，那个年轻的抢劫犯很快就被逮捕了。
考查被动语态和时态。“robber”和“arrest”是被动关系，需用被动语态“be+过去分词”，因为“called”是一般过去时，句子描述过去的事，被动语态的be动词用过去式was，“arrest”的过去分词是“arrested”，故用一般过去时的被动语态“was arrested”，故选A。
5．We were pleased that enough money _________ for the SPCA．
A．was risen B．was raised C．rose D．raised
【答案】B
【详解】句意：我们很高兴，为SPCA筹集了足够的钱。
考查动词辨析和被动语态。rise上升，不及物动词，不能用于被动语态；raise筹集，raise money“筹钱”。根据“We were pleased”可知，本句时态为一般过去时，主语money是动作的承受者，要用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。
6．The criminal _________ for his terrible crimes in the 19th century.
A．was hanged B．was hung C．hanged D．hung
【答案】A
【详解】句意：这个罪犯在19世纪因他的可怕罪行被绞死。
考查词汇辨析和被动语态，hanged绞死；hung悬挂。句子主语“the criminal”是动作承受者，需用被动语态“was hanged”表示被处决。故选A。
7．The students _________ five groups to complete the project together.
A．divided into B．were divided into
C．were separated into D．divided by
【答案】B
【详解】句意：学生们被分成五个小组一起完成这个项目。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。divided into分成……，过去式；were divided into被分成……，被动语态；were separated into被分离成……，被动语态；divided by被……除。根据“students”和“five groups”可知，是“学生被分成小组”，需用被动语态，“were divided into”符合语义，故选B。
8．The sick commuters ________ one after another by the farmers this morning.
A．examine B．are examined C．examined D．were examined
【答案】D
【详解】句意：今天早上，生病的通勤者们被农民们一个接一个地检查。
考查被动语态和时态。分析句子可知，主语“The sick commuters”是动作的承受者，需用被动语态；时间状语“this morning”表示过去的时间，因此用一般过去时的被动语态“was/were+动词的过去分词”，主语是复数，be动词用were。故选D。
9．It was reported that a variety of new weapons ________ for the first time during the recent Tian’anmen parade.
A．has shown B．have shown C．was shown D．were shown
【答案】D
【详解】句意：据报道，在最近的天安门阅兵中，多种新武器首次亮相。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。分析句子可知，主语a variety of new weapons与谓语动词之间是被动关系，再由“during the recent Tian’anmen parade”可知，时态是一般过去时，此处用一般过去时的被动语态，谓语动词构成是was/were done，主语是复数，be动词用were。故选D。
10．He looks worried because his notebook ________ by mistake yesterday.
A．took B．was taken C．takes D．is taken
【答案】B
【详解】句意：他看起来很担心，因为他的笔记本昨天被错拿了。
考查时态和语态。根据“yesterday”可知，此句时态为一般过去时，主语notebook和动词take是被动关系，应该用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数，be动词用was。故选B。
11．They didn’t find anything in the room. (改为被动语态)
Nothing ________ ________ by them in the room.
【答案】was found
【详解】句意：他们在房间里什么也没找到。原句时态是一般过去时，改为被动语态后需保持时态一致，结构为“was/were+过去分词”，被动句的主语是“Nothing”（不定代词），视作单数，因此be动词用was，动词find的过去分词是found。故填was；found。
12．I broke the screen of my phone when I dropped it on the floor. (改为被动语态)
The screen of my phone ________ ________ when I dropped it on the floor.
【答案】was broken
【详解】句意：当我把手机掉在地上时，手机的屏幕摔碎了。原句“I broke the screen of my phone when I dropped it on the floor.”是一般过去时的主动语态，主语是“I”，谓语动词是“broke”，宾语是“the screen of my phone”。改为被动语态时，原句的宾语“the screen of my phone”变为主语，谓语动词需改为 “be + 过去分词”结构；主语是单数，be动词用was，break的过去分词是broken。
13．Karl Benz invented the first practical car in Germany in 1885.（改为被动语态）
The first practical car ________ ________ by Karl Benz in Germany in 1885.
【答案】was invented
【详解】句意：卡尔·本茨于1885年在德国发明了第一辆实用汽车。改为被动语态时，将原宾语the first practical car变为主语，谓语改为“be + 过去分词”形式，原句为一般过去时，主语the first practical car是单数，be动词用was，invent的过去分词为invented。
14．The workers rebuilt a stone bridge over the river for the local people last year. (改为被动语态)
A stone bridge ________ ________ over the river for the local people last year.
【答案】was rebuilt
【详解】句意：工人们去年为当地居民重建了一座石桥。原句是一般过去时的主动语态，改为被动语态时，宾语a stone bridge变为主语，句子仍用一般过去时，被动语态结构为“was/were + 过去分词”，主语a stone bridge是单数，用was，rebuilt的过去分词仍是rebuilt。
15．I wrote quite a lot of music in my student days. (改为被动语态)
Quite a lot of music ________ ________ by me in my student days.
【答案】was written
【详解】句意：我在学生时代写了很多音乐。句子是一般过去时，一般过去时的被动语态的结构是“was/were+动词的过去分词”，主语music是不可数名词，用was，write的过去分词是written。
1．Since the English corner ______ up last month, we have organized six activities.
A．has been set B．is set C．was set D．will be set
【答案】C
【详解】句意：自从上个月英语角成立以来，我们已经组织了六次活动。
考查句子时态。has been set现在完成时的被动语态；is set一般现在时的被动语态；was set一般过去时的被动语态；will be set一般将来时的被动语态。“since”引导的从句表示动作的起点，主句用现在完成时have + 过去分词，从句通常用一般过去时，表示过去发生的具体动作。从句中有明确的时间状语“last month”（上个月），强调动作发生在过去，因此从句需用一般过去时。故选C。
2．How beautiful these photos are! I wonder where they ________.
A．are taken B．were taken C．will be taken D．had been taken
【答案】B
【详解】句意：这些照片多漂亮啊！我想知道它们在哪里拍的。
考查时态及语态。根据语境可知，拍摄照片的事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时，they指代照片，与谓语为被动关系，用被动语态。故选B。
3．The businessman bought all the pictures that ______ by the famous artist.
A．draw B．drew C．were drawn D．were drawing
【答案】C
【详解】句意：这位商人买下了所有由这位著名艺术家创作的画作。
考查动词时态和语态。根据题干“that ... by the famous artist”可知，此处需要填入一个被动语态，表示“画作是被艺术家创作的”，且主句时态为过去时（bought），因此应选择一般过去时的被动语态were drawn，故选C。
4．People ________ of the coming typhoon in advance, so they took measures to prepare for its arrival.
A．warned B．were warned C．have warned D．have been warned
【答案】B
【详解】句意：人们事先得到了台风来临的警告，所以他们采取了措施为台风的到来做准备。
考查时态和语态。根据“so they took measures to prepare for its arrival.”可知，句子时态是一般过去时，且主语people与warn是被动关系，因此空处要用一般过去时的被动语态，故选B。
5．The names of the model students ________ on the school noticeboard yesterday.
A．has shown B．were shown C．will be shown D．are shown
【答案】B
【详解】句意：昨天学校公告板上显示了模范学生的名字。
考查被动语态。根据主语names和谓语动词show可知是动宾关系，故用被动语态，根据“yesterday”可知，时态是一般过去时，一般过去时的被动语态was/were done。故选B。
6．Can you tell me ________?
A．when are the first computers built B．when the first computers are built
C．when were the first computers built D．when the first computers were built
【答案】D
【详解】句意：你能告诉我第一代计算机是什么时候制造的吗？
考查宾语从句。根据“Can you tell me”可知，宾语从句应使用陈述句语序，排除选项A、C；“电脑被制造”这件事情发生在过去，所以从句使用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数，be动词使用were。故选D。
7．We all know that the 1st China International Import Expo (进博会) ________ in November 2018.
A．was held B．has been held C．will be held D．is held
【答案】A
【详解】句意：我们都知道第一届进博会在2018年11月举行。
考查时态和语态。主语the 1st China International Import Expo与谓语hold之间是被动关系，结构为“be+done”，根据“November 2018”可知，时态为一般过去时，主语是单数，be动词用was，hold的过去分词为held。故选A。
8．A number of new houses ________ in Wenchuan last year.
A．was built B．are built C．were built D．will be built
【答案】C
【详解】句意：去年汶川盖了许多新房子。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“last year”可知，动作发生在过去，主语“houses”与动词“build”之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用were，故选C。
9．After Fengxian Museum ________, it became a new tourist attraction.
A．completed B．completes C．is completed D．was completed
【答案】D
【详解】句意：奉贤博物馆建成后，它成为了新的旅游胜地。
考查动词的时态和语态。“Fengxian Museum”和“complete”是被动关系，应用被动语态“be done”，排除选项A和B；根据“it became…”可知此处应用一般过去时“was completed”。故选D。
10．Grandpa never received my birthday gift. I’m afraid it ________ to the wrong address.
A．delivers B．delivered C．be delivered D．was delivered
【答案】D
【详解】句意：爷爷从未收到过我的生日礼物。恐怕是寄错地址了。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。主语“it”指代“birthday gift”，与动词deliver“递送”是被动关系，应用被动语态，结合语境可知，句子为一般过去时，故应用“was+过去分词”的结构，表示一般过去时的被动语态。故选D。
11．They built another bridge across the Huangpu River last year. （改为被动语态）
Another bridge ________ _________ across the Huangpu River last year.
【答案】 was built
【详解】句意：去年他们在黄浦江上又建了一座桥。原句为一般过去时，主动语态。改为被动语态时，主语“Another bridge”是单数，谓语用“was + 过去分词”，build的过去分词为built。故填was；built。
12．The company provided ten laptops for the community centre last month. (改为被动语态)
Ten laptops ________ ________ for the community centre last month.
【答案】 were provided
【详解】句意：这家公司上个月为社区中心提供了十台笔记本电脑。原句为一般过去时的主动语态，变为被动语态时，需将宾语“ten laptops”变为主语，谓语动词改为“were + 过去分词”的形式（主语是复数，一般过去时用were），provide的过去分词是provided，其余部分语序不变。应填were；provided。
13．Thomas didn’t throw the old magazines away yesterday. (改为被动语态)
The old magazines _________ _________ away by Thomas yesterday.
【答案】 weren’t/were not thrown
【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺被动语态的be动词和动词的过去分词，didn’t表示一般过去时否定，magazines表示复数。故第一空填weren’t或were not，第二空填thrown。
14．The workers built this bridge three years ago. (改为被动语态)
This bridge ________ ________ by the workers three years ago.
【答案】 was built
【详解】句意：三年前工人们建了这座桥。原句的时态为一般过去时，一般过去时的被动语态结构为“was/were+done”，由于主语This bridge为单数，be动词应用was，build的过去分词是built。
15．The flood washed away some villages along the river two years ago.(改为被动语态)
Some villages along the river ________ ________ away by the flood two years ago.
【答案】 were washed
【详解】句意：两年前，洪水冲走了沿河的一些村庄。由时间状语“two years ago”可知，原句为一般过去时。改为被动语态时，主语“Some villages along the river”为复数，需用be动词的过去式复数形式“were”，动词“wash away”需变为过去分词“washed”，构成一般过去时的被动语态结构“were washed”。
语法选择
Paper is one of the greatest inventions in human history. Before paper 1 , people wrote on many difficult materials. Bones, bamboo strips and silk 2 for writing, but they were either heavy or too expensive for common people.
Cai Lun worked in the palace workshop in Eastern Han Dynasty. He 3 to find a cheap and easy material for writing. He collected old cloth, tree bark and plant fibers. All these things 4 together, boiled and beaten into thin pieces. After drying, soft paper was made.
His new paper 5 to the emperor in 105 CE. Everyone was surprised at how light and cheap it was. Soon the papermaking skill 6 across China, then spread to other countries little by little.
Paper changed the world a lot. Books could be made cheaply, so knowledge 7 by more people. Later, printing was developed 8 paper. Together, they helped civilization grow fast.
Now we still use paper every day. Though digital products are popular, paper 9 completely. Every time we hold a book, we should remember the great 10 of ancient inventors like Cai Lun.
1．A．invents B．invented C．was invented D．is invented
2．A．used B．were used C．are used D．was used
3．A．decides B．decided C．is decided D．was decided
4．A．mixed B．were mixed C．mix D．are mixed
5．A．showed B．is shown C．was shown D．shows
6．A．spread B．is spread C．was spread D．spreads
7．A．shared B．was shared C．is shared D．shares
8．A．with B．without C．against D．through
9．A．won’t replace B．won’t be replaced C．didn’t replace D．wasn’t replaced
10．A．idea B．ideas C．material D．materials
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．B 5．C 6．A 7．B 8．A 9．B 10．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了纸张诞生前古人笨重昂贵的书写载体，讲述蔡伦改良造纸术的过程、造纸术在国内及世界的传播，说明纸张与印刷术推动文明发展，如今纸张依旧不可替代。
【详解】1．句意：在纸张被发明之前，人们在许多不便的材料上书写。
纸张是“被发明”，需用被动语态；造纸发明是过去的事，用一般过去时被动was invented；invents、invented主动语态，is invented一般现在时被动，均不符合时态与语态要求。
2．句意：甲骨、竹简和丝绸被用来书写，但它们要么笨重，要么对普通人来说过于昂贵。
主语是多种材料，为复数，材料是“被使用”，且发生在古代，一般过去时复数被动were used；used主动形式，are used现在时，was used单数被动，均不匹配。
3．句意：他决定寻找一种廉价又方便的书写材料。
全文讲述东汉过去的事，用一般过去时decided；decides一般现在时，is decided、was decided被动语态，主语he主动做出决定，无需被动。
4．句意：所有这些原料被混合在一起，经过蒸煮、捶打成为薄片。
原料是“被混合”，复数主语+过去事件，一般过去时复数被动were mixed；mixed主动过去式，mix原形，are mixed现在时被动，不符合语境。
5．句意：公元105年，他把新纸呈给皇帝。
纸张是“被展示给皇帝”，单数、过去事件，一般过去时单数被动was shown；showed主动过去式，is shown现在时被动，shows主动一般现在时，语法不成立。
6．句意：很快造纸技艺在中国传播开来，之后一点点传到其他国家。
此处侧重描述过去发生的客观发展过程，spread的过去式仍为spread，主动形式表示技艺自然流传；is spread、was spread为被动语态，侧重人为传播，spreads是一般现在时，和文章过去叙事背景不符。
7．句意：书籍可以廉价制作，知识得以被更多人了解。
knowledge“知识”应该被被分享传播，造纸术是过去的发明，一般过去时单数被动was shared；shared主动，is shared现在时被动，shares主动，时态语态不符。
8．句意：后来，印刷术依托纸张发展起来。
with意为“借助、依托”，印刷术是和纸张搭配使用；without“没有”，against“对抗”，through“通过（途径）”，均无法贴合二者配套使用的关系。
9．句意：尽管数码产品十分流行，纸张不会被完全取代。
纸张是“被取代”，表将来不会发生的动作，一般将来时被动won’t be replaced；won’t replace主动语态，didn’t replace、wasn’t replaced过去时态，和now“如今”的语境冲突。
10．句意：每当我们拿起书本，我们应当铭记蔡伦这类古代发明家伟大的想法。
发明家改良造纸是创新想法，前文讲造纸的创意有多个，所以此处应用复数形式ideas“想法”；idea单数，material、materials“材料”，语义和发明家的创造不匹配。
语法填空
Ideas That Changed the World
Throughout history, there 1 (be) many inventions that changed the way we live. Some of them 2 (create) by accident. Others came from years of hard work.
One such invention is the telephone. It 3 (invent) by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. Before the telephone 4 (invent), people had to write letters or travel long distances to talk 5 each other.
The first telephone call 6 (make) by Bell to his assistant. He said, “Mr. Watson, come here. I want to see you.” These simple words 7 (become) a historic moment.
Nowadays, mobile phones 8 (use) by billions of people. They are much 9 (smart) than the first telephone. However, all modern phones are built 10 Bell’s original idea.
【答案】1．have been 2．were created 3．was invented 4．was invented 5．to/with 6．was made 7．became 8．are used 9．smarter 10．on
【导语】本文主要介绍了电话的发明历史以及现代手机和贝尔最初构想的联系。
【详解】1．句意：纵观历史，已经有很多发明改变了我们的生活方式。“Throughout history”表示从过去延续到现在，用现在完成时，主语many inventions为复数，助动词用have，be的过去分词为been。
2．句意：它们中有些是偶然被创造出来的。主语Some of them指代inventions，和create是被动关系。讲述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，被动语态结构为“were/was+过去分词”。主语为复数，be动词用were，create的过去分词为created。
3．句意：它在1876年由亚历山大・格雷厄姆・贝尔发明。主语It指代the telephone，和invent是被动关系。in 1876为过去时间，主语为单数，一般过去时的被动语态结构为“was+过去分词”，invent的过去分词为invented。
4．句意：在电话被发明之前，人们不得不写信或者长途跋涉去互相交谈。主语the telephone和invent是被动关系，事情发生在过去，主语为单数，一般过去时的被动语态结构为“was+过去分词”，invent的过去分词为invented。
5．句意：在电话被发明之前，人们不得不写信或者长途跋涉去互相交谈。talk with/to sb.表示“和某人交谈”，固定搭配。
6．句意：第一通电话是贝尔打给他的助手的。主语The first telephone call和make是被动关系，事情发生在过去，主语为单数，一般过去时的被动语态结构为“was+过去分词”，make的过去分词为made。
7．句意：这些简单的话语成为了一个具有历史意义的时刻。叙述过去发生的事情，时态为一般过去时，become的过去式为became。
8．句意：如今，数十亿人使用手机。主语mobile phones和use是被动关系，Nowadays是现在时的标志，主语为复数，一般现在时的被动语态结构为“are+过去分词”，use的过去分词为used。
9．句意：它们比第一部电话智能得多。than为比较级标志词，smart的比较级为smarter。
10．句意：然而，所有现代手机都是基于贝尔最初的构想而建造的。be built on意为“基于……；以……为基础”，固定搭配。
(
1
/
6
)
学科网（北京）股份有限公司
$
资源预览图
