Unit 3 Travellers' tales 疑问词+不定式（核心语法精练）-【简语法-单元核心语法精练】英语九年级上册（沪教版五四学制）

该初中英语Unit 3 “Travellers' tales”学习任务单以“疑问词+不定式”为核心语法点，通过核心语法回顾、专项能力突破、解题综合提升三大模块，结合思维导图梳理结构本质与分类易错点，设计从基础到综合的递进式练习，构建完整的语法学习与应用路径。 亮点在于运用思维导图直观呈现语法规则，帮助学生辨析疑问代词与副词的用法差异，培养思维品质。多样化练习（单选、填空、句子转换等）强化语言能力，语篇练习（完形填空、短文填空）结合旅游主题渗透文化意识，为教师单元复习提供系统、针对性的教学支持。

单元核心语法精练 Unit 3 Travellers' tales （新教材沪教版五四学制） （疑问词+不定式） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 思维导图梳理了“疑问词+不定式”的两大板块：一是结构与本质（疑问词 what/which/who/where/when/how 后接 to do，why 不能接 to do，整体相当于一个简化的宾语从句，常用于 know/tell/ask/learn/decide/find out 等动词之后）；二是分类与易错（疑问代词后不定式不再带宾语、疑问副词后须带宾语、宾语从句与该结构互换须主从句主语一致、which 与 what 的范围区别）。帮助区分“疑问词+不定式”与宾语从句，避免在填空与转换中出错。 语法模块 内容 结构 / 规则 典型例句及翻译 一、结构与本质 基本结构 疑问词(what/which/who/where/when/how)+to do why 不能接 to do（❌ why to do） 语法本质 相当于简化的宾语从句，起名词作用 I don't know where I should go. = I don't know where to go. 常用动词 know/tell/ask/learn/decide/find out/forget 等后 We learned how to solve the problem. 句法功能 在句中作主语、宾语或表语 The problem is when to start. 二、分类与易错 疑问代词 what/which/who + to do，不定式后不加宾语 ✓ what to choose；❌ what to choose it 疑问副词 where/when/how + to do，不定式后须带宾语 ✓ how to use the machine 互换条件 主句主语与从句主语一致才能互换 He doesn't know where he will go.（✔可转换） which vs what which 有范围选择；what 无范围 two books → which；anything → what 使用注意事项 1. “疑问词 + 不定式”在句中起名词作用，可作主语、宾语、表语；作宾语时常见于 know, tell, ask, learn, decide, find out, forget, wonder, show, understand 等动词之后。 2. 疑问词只用 what/which/who/where/when/how/whether 等，why 不能接不定式（❌ why to do）；表示“是否”用 whether to do，一般不用 if to do。 3. 疑问代词（what/which/who）已充当不定式的逻辑宾语，后面不能再直接加宾语：✓ what to choose；❌ what to choose it。疑问副词（where/when/how）不作宾语，后面必须带宾语：✓ how to use the machine。 4. 宾语从句与“疑问词 + 不定式”互换的前提是主句主语与从句主语一致：He doesn't know where he will go.（✔可转换）/ He doesn't know where she will go.（✘主语不一致，不能转换）。 5. “疑问词 + 不定式”结构用主动形式表达被动含义，如 I don't know which one to choose.（挑选东西，主动表达即可）。 6. 句式转换：I don't know where I should go. = I don't know where to go. 仅把从句谓语“疑问词 + 情态动词 + 动词”简化为“疑问词 + to do”。 一、单项选择 1．— Could you tell me ________ the new washing machine? — Sure. It's easy. A．how to use B．what to use C．how use D．to use what 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我这台新洗衣机怎么用吗？——当然，很简单。答语“很简单”说明问的是操作方法，用 how to use（如何使用）；what to use 意为“用什么”，不符语境。故选 A。 2．The little boy didn't know ________ for his sick mother. A．how to buy B．what to buy C．where to buy D．which to buy 【答案】B 【详解】句意：那个小男孩不知道给生病的妈妈买什么。buy 后缺宾语，“买什么”用 what to buy（what 充当 buy 的逻辑宾语）；which 用于有范围的选择，此处无范围。故选 B。 3．We haven't decided ________ to spend our winter holiday, the city or the village? A．what B．how C．which D．where 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们还没决定去哪里过寒假，城市还是乡村？后文给出 city or village 两个明确范围，有范围的选择用 which。故选 C。 4．I have no idea ________ the nearest subway station is. A．how to find B．what to find C．when to find D．where to find 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我不知道最近的地铁站在哪里能找到。find 后缺地点状语，“在哪里”用 where to find。故选 D。 5．Please show me ________ this traditional Chinese knot. A．how to make B．what to make C．how making D．what making 【答案】A 【详解】句意：请给我演示一下这个中国结怎么编。请求演示“如何制作”用 how to make；how 不作 make 的宾语，后面须带宾语 this knot。故选 A。 6．She can't decide ________ the red dress or the blue one. A．if to choose B．whether to choose C．that to choose D．what to choose 【答案】B 【详解】句意：她拿不定主意是选红裙子还是蓝裙子。在两者间犹豫“是否选”，decide 后表“是否”用 whether to do，一般不用 if to do。故选 B。 7．— Do you know ________ to get to the museum? — Go along this road and turn left. A．what B．which C．how D．when 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你知道怎么去博物馆吗？——沿这条路走然后左转。答语是指路，问的是到达方式，用 how to get。故选 C。 8．The students are discussing ________ for the class meeting. A．how to talk about B．where to talk C．when to talk D．what to talk about 【答案】D 【详解】句意：学生们正在讨论班会要谈什么。talk about 后需要宾语，what 充当 about 的宾语，what to talk about 意为“谈什么”；how 不作宾语，不能直接接 about。故选 D。 9．He forgot ________ his dictionary, so he couldn't look up the new words. A．where to bring B．what to bring C．how to bring D．which to bring 【答案】A 【详解】句意：他忘了把字典带到哪里，所以查不了生词。bring 后缺地点状语，“带到哪里”用 where to bring。故选 A。 10．My cousin asked me ________ a good gift for Grandma's birthday. A．how to choose B．what to choose C．where to choose D．whether to choose 【答案】B 【详解】句意：表哥问我要选什么好礼物给奶奶。choose 后缺宾语，“选什么”用 what to choose（what 充当 choose 的逻辑宾语）。故选 B。 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1．I don't know what ________ (do) when I meet strange people. 【答案】to do 【详解】句意：我不知道遇到陌生人时该做什么。what 后接“疑问词+不定式”作 know 的宾语，故填 to do。 2．Could you tell me how ________ (get) to the Children's Park? 【答案】to get 【详解】句意：你能告诉我怎么去儿童公园吗？how 后接“疑问词+不定式”，get to 意为“到达”，故填 to get。 3．She hasn't decided which book ________ (buy) for the school library. 【答案】to buy 【详解】句意：她还没决定为学校图书馆买哪本书。which book 后接不定式 to buy，构成“疑问词+不定式”作 decided 的宾语。 4．We learned where ________ (find) the information on the Internet. 【答案】to find 【详解】句意：我们学会了在网上哪里能找到这些信息。where 后接不定式 to find，相当于 where we can find。 5．The boy doesn't know who ________ (ask) for help with his homework. 【答案】to ask 【详解】句意：这个男孩不知道该向谁求助。who 作 ask 的逻辑宾语，后接 to ask，构成“疑问词+不定式”。 6．Please show us when ________ (start) the experiment. 【答案】to start 【详解】句意：请告诉我们实验什么时候开始。when 后接不定式 to start，在句中作 show 的宾语（表语性）。 7．He told me what ________ (wear) to the welcome party. 【答案】to wear 【详解】句意：他告诉了我欢迎会上该穿什么。what 作 wear 的逻辑宾语，后接 to wear。 8．They are discussing how ________ (solve) the traffic problem in the town. 【答案】to solve 【详解】句意：他们正在讨论如何解决镇上的交通问题。how 后接不定式 to solve，相当于 how they can solve。 9．I wonder which one ________ (choose) between the two dictionaries. 【答案】to choose 【详解】句意：我想知道这两本字典该选哪一本。which one 后接 to choose，有范围的选择用 which。 10．The teacher explained how ________ (remember) the long English words. 【答案】to remember 【详解】句意：老师讲解了怎样记住这些长英语单词。how 后接不定式 to remember。 三、按要求完成句子 1．我们需要学会如何与大自然和谐共处。 We need to learn ________ ________ ________ ________ nature in harmony. 【答案】 how to live with 【详解】句意：我们需要学会如何与大自然和谐共处。“如何”用 how to，“与……共处”用 live with，故填 how to live with。 2．学会如何处理你的压力很重要。 It is important to learn ________ ________ ________ ________ your stress. 【答案】 how to deal with 【详解】句意：学会如何处理你的压力很重要。“如何处理”用 how to deal with（deal with 处理），故填 how to deal with。 3．如果你想成为总经理，你必须学会如何管理形形色色的人。 If you want to be a general manager, you must learn ________ ________ ________ ________ all kinds of people. 【答案】 how to manage 【详解】句意：如果你想成为总经理，你必须学会如何管理形形色色的人。“如何管理”用 how to manage。 4．首先，我们需要学会如何处理我们已经拥有的钱。 First, we need to learn ________ ________ ________ ________ the money we already have. 【答案】 how to deal with 【详解】句意：首先，我们需要学会如何处理我们已经拥有的钱。“如何处理”用 how to deal with。 5．现在越来越多老年人正在学习如何使用电子支付。 Now more and more old people are learning ________ ________ ________ ________ electronic payment. 【答案】 how to use 【详解】句意：现在越来越多老年人正在学习如何使用电子支付。“如何使用”用 how to use。 6．珍妮想知道如何才能减肥。 Jenny wants to know ________ ________ ________ ________ weight. 【答案】 how to lose 【详解】句意：珍妮想知道如何才能减肥。“如何减肥”用 how to lose（lose weight 减肥）。 7．我们应该学习在不同场合如何使用正确的语言。 We should learn ________ ________ ________ ________ the right language on different occasions. 【答案】 how to use 【详解】句意：我们应该学习在不同场合如何使用正确的语言。“如何使用”用 how to use。 8．Mr. White wondered where he could buy a map of Shanghai. （改为同义句） Mr. White wondered ________ ________ ________ a map of Shanghai. 【答案】 where to buy 【详解】句意：怀特先生想知道在哪里能买到上海地图。宾语从句 where he could buy 可转换为“疑问词+不定式”where to buy，主语一致可直接转换。 9．I don't know what I should do with the letter. （保持句意基本不变） I don't know ________ ________ ________ ________ the letter. 【答案】 what to do with 【详解】句意：我不知道该怎么处理这封信。what I should do with 转换为 what to do with，what 作 do 的宾语。 10．The old man forgot when he should take the medicine. （保持句意不变） The old man forgot ________ ________ ________ the medicine. 【答案】 when to take 【详解】句意：老人忘了该什么时候吃药。when he should take 转换为 when to take。 四、完形填空 Passage 1 In the age of social media, many people like to take photos at scenic spots and share them online. However, wanting “the perfect picture” can lead to overcrowding, 1 people often stay in one place for too long. To solve this, Huangling scenic spot in Wuyuan, Jiangxi, introduced a new rule: timed photo-taking. If tourists are waiting in line, staff members will give each person about one minute to take their photo. 2 rules have been introduced in other tourist spots in China. Limiting photo time means less overcrowding and a better travel experience for visitors. We all agree that tourist attractions should be enjoyed by everyone. If some people stay in the best photo spot for too long, it is 3 to others. One minute may be short, but it is enough to take a good picture and helps cut long lines. Some tourists feel that what should be a relaxing activity now becomes more stressful. For children and older people, who might need extra time to take photos, the rule can even be difficult to obey. These 4 show the need for flexibility. Rather than having just one photo spot, tourist attractions could prepare several areas for photo-taking. They could also offer a photo guide to help visitors find good camera angles. Children, older people or people with disabilities should have more time to take their pictures. The goal is clear: to 5 service and give visitors a better travel experience. This rule is an important step toward better management and a healthier travel culture. Only with fairness and order can people 6 enjoy the beauty of travel. 1. A．though B．as C．before D．while 2. A．Strict B．Basic C．Similar D．Simple 3. A．respectful B．helpless C．dishonest D．unfair 4. A．worries B．conclusions C．excuses D．references 5. A．examine B．improve C．operate D．manage 6. A．quickly B．heavily C．truly D．nearly 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. B 6. C 【导语】本文主要针对江西婺源篁岭等景区推出的“限时拍照”新规展开讨论，分析了该规则在缓解拥堵、维护秩序方面的积极意义，指出了对老人和儿童需保持灵活性的担忧，并提出了提升旅游服务质量的具体建议。 【详解】1. 句意：然而，想要拍出“完美的照片”可能会导致拥挤，因为人们经常在一个地方停留太久。 根据前文“lead to overcrowding”以及空后的“people often stay in one place for too long”可知，前后句存在因果关系，“停留太久”是导致“过度拥挤”的原因，应选用as表示“因为/由于”。though“尽管”，before“在……之前”，while“然而/当……时”，均无法引导表达直接原因的从句。 2. 句意：中国其他旅游景点也引入了类似的规则。 根据前文介绍江西婺源篁岭景区推出的限时拍照新规“introduced a new rule: timed photo-taking”可知，此处指国内其他旅游景点也推出了“相似的”管理规定，应选用Similar表示“相似的/类似的”。Strict“严格的”，Basic“基础的”，Simple“简单的”，均不能体现与其他景区的政策类比关系。 3. 句意：如果一些人在最佳拍照点停留时间过长，这对其他人来说是不公平的。 根据前文“tourist attractions should be enjoyed by everyone”以及后文“Only with fairness and order…”可知，旅游景点应由大家共享，长时间占用最佳机位对其他排队的游客而言显然是“不公平的”，应选用unfair表示“不公平的”。respectful“恭敬的”，helpless“无助的”，dishonest“不诚实的”，均脱离了公共资源共享与公平秩序的语境。 4. 句意：这些担忧表明了对灵活性的需要。 根据前文“Some tourists feel that…becomes more stressful.”以及“the rule can even be difficult to obey”可知，游客感到压力增加以及老人儿童难以遵守规则，都属于推行新规过程中人们产生的“顾虑/担忧”，应选用worries表示“担忧/顾虑”。conclusions“结论”，excuses“借口”，references“参考”，均无法概括上文提出的现实困扰与担忧。 5. 句意：目标很明确：改善服务并给游客提供更好的旅游体验。 根据空前建议景区增设拍照点、提供摄影指导等具体措施，以及空后的“give visitors a better travel experience”可知，采取人性化举措是为了“提升/改善”景区服务质量，应选用improve表示“改善/提高”。examine“检查”，operate“操作/经营”，manage“管理”，均不如improve契合提升服务质量的语境。 6. 句意：只有在公平和秩序下，人们才能真正享受旅行的美好。 根据前文“Only with fairness and order”可知，在具备了公平和秩序的保障前提下，人们才能“真正地”体会并领略旅行的魅力，应选用truly表示“真正地”。quickly“快速地”，heavily“沉重地/大量地”，nearly“几乎”，均不能准确表达在良好秩序下对旅行之美的深度享受。 Passage 2 Skillfully turning the chicken steak in the hot pan, 48-year-old street seller Li Junyong, who has been nicknamed “chicken steak brother”, has become famous online quickly and turned into a must-visit 1 in Jingdezhen, Jiangxi Province. His 2 selling styles and words, such as “You can refuse me, but not my chicken steak” and “You deserve everything beautiful in the world, including my chicken steak”, attracted many tourists. During the National Day holiday, visitors from across China queued for hours just to buy his 6-yuan chicken steak, saying the happy feelings they got were worth much more than the price. The popularity of Li has helped the growth of tourism in Jingdezhen, a city known for its ceramic (陶瓷) products. This is similar to what happened before in Zibo, a city that became popular for its barbecue. These examples show a change in how people travel. Young travelers, 3 Generation Z (Z世代，通常指出生于1995年—2010年的人群) now want more than just to see famous places. They look for warm cultural experiences and real connections, like joining local activities and learning traditional skills. “Chicken steak brother” offers exactly that. 4 , experts pointed out that city managers should make good use of, but not depend on the influence of famous people. While Li’s popularity is a great starting point, Jingdezhen’s true strength 5 in its thousand-year history of ceramic art. The city must use this attention to guide tourists toward its deeper cultural treasures, like pottery (陶器) workshops and museums. This way, the sudden excitement around one person can turn into a lasting interest in the city itself. The real secret to a city’s long-term attraction is the sincere 6 it makes with people. 1. A．mystery B．product C．attraction D．project 2. A．relaxing B．humorous C．silent D．busy 3. A．hardly B．specially C．especially D．actually 4. A．However B．Therefore C．Besides D．Luckily 5. A．seems B．remains C．lies D．requires 6. A．pleasure B．kindness C．background D．connection 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. C 6. D 【导语】本文讲述了江西景德镇“鸡排哥”李俊勇走红网络带动当地旅游的现象，分析了当下Z世代游客旅游方式的转变，并指出城市长期吸引力的关键在于挖掘自身文化底蕴、与游客建立真诚的联系。 【详解】1. 句意：48岁的街头小贩李俊勇熟练地在热锅里翻着鸡排，迅速在网上走红，成为江西景德镇必去的景点。 根据原文“has become famous online quickly and turned into a must-visit____in Jingdezhen”可知，网红人物成为了当地的旅游打卡点，attraction意为“吸引人的事物；景点”，符合语境。mystery谜团；product产品；project项目，均不符。 2. 句意：他幽默的销售风格和话语，比如“你可以拒绝我，但不能拒绝我的鸡排”，吸引了很多游客。 根据原文“You can refuse me, but not my chicken steak”等台词可知，他的销售风格很有趣，humorous意为“幽默的”，符合语境。relaxing令人放松的；silent沉默的；busy忙碌的，均不符。 3. 句意：年轻的旅行者，尤其是Z世代，现在想要的不仅仅是参观著名的地方。 此处是对“Young travelers”进行进一步的强调和举例，especially意为“尤其是”，符合语境。hardly几乎不；specially专门地；actually实际上，均不符。 4. 句意：然而，专家指出，城市管理者应该好好利用名人的影响力，但不能依赖它。 前文讲网红带动旅游的积极影响，后文讲不能过度依赖网红，前后是转折关系，However意为“然而”，符合逻辑。Therefore因此；Besides此外；Luckily幸运地，均不符。 5. 句意：虽然李俊勇的走红是一个很好的起点，但景德镇真正的优势在于其千年的陶瓷艺术历史。 lie in意为“在于”，此处表示城市的核心优势所在，符合语境。seems似乎；remains保持；requires需要，均不符。 6. 句意：一个城市长期吸引力的真正秘诀是它与人们建立的真诚联系。 根据前文“They look for warm cultural experiences and real connections”可知，文章强调游客追求真实的联系，connection意为“联系”，符合语境。pleasure快乐；kindness善良；background背景，均不符。 Passage 3 Most foreigners go to the Bund or the Great Wall for their first visit to China. But I have never wanted to follow the crowd. On my friends’ recommendation, I picked a (an) 1 destination: the Tiger Leaping Gorge (虎跳峡) in Yunnan province. The area is no doubt one of the country’s natural treasures. To discover the gorge’s real beauty, however, one must take a hike on the northern side of the gorge. The hike is 2 as it takes most people two days to complete it, and some even three. But believe me, your time and effort will never be wasted. The hardest part of the hike was called “Twenty-Eight Bends” (二十八道拐). Dozens of steep switchbacks (之字形弯道) snaked up the mountainside. Right after I reached the 17th bend, to my 3 , I saw a sign reading: “Get ready for another 28 bends!” I realized there were more than 28 bends altogether! There was no need to 4 , though. Several local villagers were standing by the side of the path with their donkeys to offer you a ride whenever you need it. After these bends, the hiking path became flat so the rest of the journey was 5 . Most people ended their first-day hike in the early evening, just in time for a beautiful sunset. The next day, I walked slowly across a bamboo forest. There were many streams. A waterfall was flowing directly over the path. In the early afternoon, I reached the end of the hike. If you are looking for natural views, plus a bit of 6 , the Tiger Leaping Gorge will be a perfect choice for you. It offers an experience you’ll remember for a lifetime. 1. A．common B．international C．modern D．unusual 2. A．tiring B．frightening C．relaxing D．boring 3. A．joy B．surprise C．disappointment D．excitement 4. A．hurry B．hesitate C．worry D．wait 5. A．longer B．shorter C．easier D．harder 6. A．adventure B．knowledge C．tradition D．progress 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. C 6. A 【导语】本文讲述了作者在云南虎跳峡徒步的经历，展现了虎跳峡的自然风光与徒步的挑战与乐趣。 【详解】1. 句意：在朋友的推荐下，我选择了一个不寻常的目的地：云南的虎跳峡。 结合原文“But I have never wanted to follow the crowd.”，作者不想随大流，所以选择的是“不寻常的”目的地，应选用unusual。common“常见的”、international“国际的”、modern“现代的”均不符合语境。 2. 句意：这段徒步很累人，因为大多数人需要两天才能完成，有些人甚至需要三天。 结合原文“it takes most people two days to complete it, and some even three”，徒步耗时久，所以是“累人的”，应选用tiring。frightening“令人害怕的”、relaxing“令人放松的”、boring“无聊的”均不符合语境。 3. 句意：就在我到达第17道拐时，令我惊讶的是，我看到一个牌子写着：“准备好迎接另外28道拐！” 结合原文“I realized there were more than 28 bends altogether!”，实际弯道比预期多，所以是“令我惊讶的是”，固定搭配“to one’s surprise”，应选用surprise。joy“快乐”、disappointment“失望”、excitement“兴奋”均不符合搭配。 4. 句意：不过，没必要担心。 结合后文“Several local villagers were standing by the side of the path with their donkeys to offer you a ride whenever you need it.”，村民会提供帮助，所以不用“担心”，应选用worry。hurry“匆忙”、hesitate“犹豫”、wait“等待”均不符合语境。 5. 句意：过了这些弯道后，徒步路径变得平坦，所以剩下的旅程更容易了。 结合原文“the hiking path became flat”，路变平坦了，所以旅程“更容易”，应选用easier。longer“更长的”、shorter“更短的”、harder“更难的”均不符合语境。 6. 句意：如果你在寻找自然风光，再加上一点冒险，虎跳峡将是你的完美选择。 结合前文徒步有挑战，是一次“冒险”经历，应选用adventure。knowledge“知识”、tradition“传统”、progress“进步”均不符合语境。 五、短文填空 Passage 4 阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或填入括号中单词的正确形式。 When facing danger alone is impossible, what makes a group become a team? Mr and Mrs Lin were on vacation at the top of a mountain. Suddenly the ground started to shake. Two minutes later, everything 1 (change) completely! They just experienced an earthquake! The Lins tried to find some other people first. One by one, they found fifty-three people. Many were tourists. Soon it was dark and it started to rain 2 (heavy). At that moment, Mr Lin called for everyone’s attention and said, “The roads are too dangerous. We have to 3 (stay) here tonight.” Then Mr Lin and a few young men went back to the hotel to look 4 food and water. They found some, 5 not enough for everyone. The young people gave 6 (they) to the older ones. After that, Mr Lin divided the people into five 7 (group). Each group had a leader. Every thirty minutes, the group leaders flashed (闪烁) their mobile phones. And the light made everyone 8 (feel) safe. Early the next morning, the groups started to go down the mountain. It was 9 hard journey, but the group members encouraged and supported each other. Finally they got out safely. All of them were tired but they felt 10 (thank) they were part of a special team. 【答案】 1. changed 2. heavily 3. stay 4. for 5. but 6. theirs 7. groups 8. feel 9. a 10. thankful 【导语】本篇是记叙文，讲述林先生夫妇在山顶度假遭遇地震，众人在林先生的组织下互相帮助，最终安全脱险的故事，诠释了团队的意义。 【详解】1. 句意：两分钟之后，一切彻底改变了！整篇文章讲述过去发生的地震事件，使用一般过去时，change使用过去式changed。 2. 句意：很快天黑了，并且下起了大雨。修饰动词rain需要用副词，形容词heavy的副词形式是heavily。 3. 句意：道路太危险，我们今晚必须待在这里。情态动词have to后面接动词原形，stay使用动词原形。 4. 句意：然后林先生和几个年轻人返回酒店寻找食物和水。固定搭配look for，意为“寻找”，此处用介词for。 5. 句意：他们找到了一些，但是不够所有人使用。前后分句存在转折关系，用转折连词but。 6. 句意：年轻人把他们的份额给年纪更大的人。此处指年轻人把他们的食物份额让给老人，应用名词性物主代词，they的名词性物主代词形式是theirs，指代年轻人的一份食物，作gave的宾语。 7. 句意：在那之后，林先生把人们分成五个小组。数词five后接可数名词复数，名词group的复数形式是groups。 8. 句意：这束光让所有人感到安全。固定搭配make sb. do sth.，意为“使某人做某事”，此处使用动词原形feel。 9. 句意：这是一段艰难的旅程，但是团队成员互相鼓励、互相支持。journey是可数名词单数，hard是以辅音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词a。 10. 句意：所有人都很累，但是他们感到庆幸自己是这个特殊团队的一员。系动词felt后面接形容词作表语，动词thank的形容词形式是thankful。 Passage 5 阅读短文内容，在空白处填入一个恰当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 During this year’s May Day holiday, Yemeni (也门的) student Mohammed Saleh Ahmed and his Chinese friends visited Pingyao Ancient City in Shanxi Province. They even experienced the ancient way of getting money in the 1 (early) bank of China. “The historical relics (遗迹) in China’s ancient 2 (city) have made me want to learn more about the country’s past,” Mohammed said. In recent years, tourism industries have developed 3 (rapid) and these relics have become new favorites of tourists. Xinzhou Ancient City in Shanxi Province, with a history of more than 1,800 years, has had over 500 stores 4 restaurants. During the five-day holiday, Xinzhou Ancient City received more than 400,000 visitors. “ 5 (I) restaurant is always busy. During the peak (高峰的) season, the yard is 6 (crowd) with tourists waiting for dinner,” said Wang Guodong, a businessman who owns a restaurant in Xinzhou Ancient City. Geng Yeqiang, an expert 7 Shanxi University, said that historical relics can form a cultural tourism circle during their protection and development. The process can increase local economic (经济的) growth. 8 expert also said, “At the same time, relics protection organizations and the tourism organizations should work together 9 (make) this economic model better.” When a modern city 10 (meet) its old past, not only can the tourism be developed better, but the local culture and history can also be known by more people. 【答案】 1. earliest 2. cities 3. rapidly 4. and 5. My 6. crowded 7. from 8. The 9. to make 10. meets 【导语】本文讲述也门学生游览山西古城的经历，介绍山西古城文旅发展现状，阐述文物保护与旅游开发相结合带动地方经济发展的理念。 【详解】1. 句意：他们甚至在中国最早的银行体验了古老的取钱方式。空格前有定冠词the，结合语境，此处需用形容词最高级，early的最高级形式是earliest。 2. 句意：“中国古城里的历史遗迹让我想要更多了解这个国家的过去，” 穆罕默德说。此处泛指中国诸多古城，要用名词复数，city的复数形式是cities。 3. 句意：近年来，旅游业发展迅速，这些遗迹成了游客新的打卡地。此处修饰动词developed，需使用副词，rapid的副词形式是rapidly。 4. 句意：拥有1800多年历史的山西忻州古城，已有500多家商铺和餐馆。stores与restaurants为并列名词，表并列关系，应用and。 5. 句意：“我的餐馆总是很忙碌。” 后面修饰名词restaurant，要用形容词性物主代词，I的形容词性物主代词是my，句首首字母大写。 6. 句意：旺季的时候，院子里挤满等待就餐的游客。根据“is”可知，此处需用形容词作表语，crowd的形容词是crowded，be crowded with是固定搭配，表示“挤满……”。 7. 句意：来自山西大学的专家耿叶强说，历史遗迹可以在保护和开发过程中形成文旅圈。此处表达“来自……”，用介词from。 8. 句意：这位专家还说：“同时，文物保护机构和旅游机构应当通力合作，让这种经济模式变得更好。 ” 此处特指上文提到的那位专家，第二次提及用定冠词the，句首大写。 9. 句意：同时，文物保护机构和旅游机构应当通力合作，让这种经济模式变得更好。此处用不定式to make作目的状语。 10. 句意：当一座现代城市遇见它古老的过往，不仅旅游业可以得到更好发展，本土文化和历史也能被更多人知晓。when引导时间状语从句，本句为一般现在时，主语a modern city是单数，谓语动词用三单形式meets。 Passage 6 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 It’s very important to know 1 to ask for help when you are in a foreign country. It is not enough to just ask a question correctly. We also need to learn how we can be polite when asking for help. Last summer holiday, my family decided 2 (go) on a vacation. And my father 3 (suggest) that we should go to Beijing. Then we went to Beijing by train. On the first day, we visited the Summer Palace and Tian’anmen. On the 4 (two) day, we visited the Great Wall. It is so long that I admired it a lot. On the Great Wall, there 5 (be) a lot of visitors. Some were Chinese people and some were from other countries. My sister and I walked very quickly at first, but after some time we were tired and had to stop to have a rest. I took some photos of my sister and my parents. In the end, we wanted to take 6 family photo. Just then, a foreigner was beside 7 (we). So my sister came up to ask for help. “Take a family photo for us,” she said. 8 the foreigner went away without saying a word. I told my sister that she should ask for help 9 (polite) so that the foreigner might help us. Later, I met another foreigner and I said, “Excuse me, could you please help us take a family photo?” He said, “No problem.” The two questions are similar 10 (request) for help, but the first one is less polite, because it is too direct. The second one sounds much more polite. 【答案】 1. how 2. to go 3. suggested 4. second 5. were 6. a 7. us 8. But 9. politely 10. requests 【导语】本篇记叙文，作者通过在北京旅游时两次请求外国人帮忙拍照的经历，告诉我们在国外求助时，学会礼貌求助十分重要。 【详解】1. 句意：在国外，知道如何寻求帮助是非常重要的。此处为“疑问词+不定式”结构，表达“如何做某事”，用疑问词how。 2. 句意：去年暑假，我们一家人决定去度假。固定搭配decide to do sth.，表示决定做某事，go变为to go。 3. 句意：爸爸建议我们去北京。整篇文章讲述过去发生的事情，时态使用一般过去时，suggest使用过去式suggested。 4. 句意：第二天，我们游览长城。前文出现On the first day，表示顺序，two是基数词，要变为序数词second。 5. 句意：长城上有很多游客。本句为there be句型，visitors是名词复数，文章为一般过去时，be动词选用were。 6. 句意：最后，我们想拍一张全家福。固定搭配take a family photo，family是以辅音音素开头的单词，填不定冠词a。 7. 句意：就在这时，一位外国人在我们身旁。介词beside后接人称代词宾格作宾语，we的宾格形式是us。 8. 句意：但是这个外国人一句话没说就走开了。前后两个句子存在转折逻辑，单词置于句首，首字母大写，填But。 9. 句意：我告诉妹妹求助的时候应该有礼貌。修饰动词短语ask for help需要使用副词，polite是形容词，变为副词politely。 10. 句意：这两句话是相似的求助请求，但是第一句不够礼貌，因为它太直接。主语为The two questions，request是可数名词，此处使用复数形式requests。 六、选词填空 Passage 7 将下列单词或词组填入空格。每空格限填一词或词组，每词只能填一次。 A．In other words  B．spread  C． solutions  D．private  E. On the other hand Rethinking “Smarter” Cities The idea of “smart” cities was first put forward in the 1970s. Since then, it has 1 to more and more countries. People hoped new technologies could help them live happier lives in cities. Governments aren’t the only ones interested in building “smarter” cities. Many 2 companies see the smart city program as a great chance to make money. Leading tech companies like Tencent and Microsoft have all offered their smart-city 3 . However, many project designers don’t have a clear idea of what they are going to achieve. They proudly show off exciting new technologies like 5G, but they don’t know how to use them to solve real-world problems. 4 , they sound more like tech sales people than city builders. A．something  B．nothing  C． instead  D．carefully  E. business This can cause many problems. City planning should always center around one question: What can be done to improve people’s living conditions? These companies, however, have to take care of their own 5 interests first. Their answer to every problem is simply more technology. Their solutions often have 6 to do with people’s daily lives. Sometimes, the problem is not a shortage of “smart” technologies. What we need 7 may just be smarter decision-making. For example, self-driving cars are certainly “smarter” than bicycles. However, they might cause more traffic jams. Do they really make the city a better place to live? City managers should 8 think about the kind of life to provide for people. Planners and tech developers should work according to this blueprint. They should stop worrying about making our cities “smarter” and start to focus on making them better. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. E 6. B 7. C 8. D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，围绕“智慧城市”建设的反思展开，指出当前项目存在“重技术、轻民生”的问题，呼吁城市管理者回归以人为本的核心，聚焦改善居民生活而非单纯追求技术升级。 【详解】1. 句意：从那以后，它已经传播到了越来越多的国家。空格前是“has”，构成现在完成时，需填过去分词。根据语境，智慧城市的理念是“传播”开来，备选spread“传播”符合语境，其过去分词为spread。 2. 句意：许多私营公司将智慧城市项目视为一个绝佳的赚钱机会。前文提到“Governments aren’t the only ones”，与政府相对的是“私人的”，备选词private“私人的”符合语境，“private companies”指私营公司。 3. 句意：腾讯和微软等领先科技公司都提供了他们的智慧城市解决方案。科技公司通常提供的是“解决方案”，备选词solutions“解决方案”符合搭配习惯及语境。 4. 句意：换句话说，他们听起来更像科技销售，而非城市建设者。前文说设计师展示技术却不知如何解决实际问题，后文说他们听起来更像销售人员。后句是对前句的进一步解释或换种说法，而非转折。备选词汇In other words“换句话说”符合逻辑。 5. 句意：然而，这些公司必须首先照顾他们自己的商业利益。公司首要考虑的是商业利益，business“商业”与interests搭配，表示“商业利益”，符合公司逐利的特点。 6. 句意：他们的解决方案通常与人们的日常生活毫无关系。根据上文批评语气 (只关心利益，只提供技术)，此处应表示负面含义，即“没关系”，备选词nothing符合语境。have nothing to do with是固定短语，意为“与……无关”。 7. 句意：我们反而需要的可能只是更聪明的决策。前文提到问题不在于缺乏技术，此处表示“相反/代替”，我们需要的是决策而非更多技术。备选词instead“反而，代替”符合语境。 8. 句意：城市管理者应该认真思考要为人们提供什么样的生活。空格修饰动词“think”，需填副词。根据语境，管理者需要认真、仔细地思考，备选词carefully“仔细地”符合句意。 Passage 8 (将下列单词或短语填入空格。每空格限填一词，每词只能填一次) actually,   difficult,   soft,   commonly,   spread out Travellers today can fly across continents (大洲) within hours. However, centuries ago, journeys across different continents were much more 1 because of poor transportation. One of the most famous paths of ancient times was the Silk Road. It wasn’t 2 a single road, but a huge network of connected paths. This network 3 across Asia, linking the East and the West. It all began with the Chinese and their secret skills of silk production. To the western world, silk was a wonderful material. Nothing else was as 4 or had such a beautiful shine. Because they wanted to get this special cloth, businessmen and traders from faraway lands started on dangerous trips. rough,  bridge,  communication,   quiet,   ideas In fact, the Silk Road wasn’t only about silk. When traders travelled, they brought with them many different kinds of things like spices from India and paper from China. Goods were not the only things moving along these paths. The road became a way to exchange 5 , too. Technologies, languages and art forms spread smoothly along these paths. This made the Silk Road a 6 between different cultures and societies. The journey wasn’t very easy. Crossing the Silk Road meant facing dangerous deserts, 7 mountains and unfriendly lands. But the promise of riches and the attraction of foreign and rare goods drove people to keep going. The rise of modern transportation systems may have made the Silk Road less important! But its great effect lives on. At a time with no Internet or immediate 8 , the Silk Road was like a world center, proving that with curiosity and hard work, we can always reach further than we think. 【答案】1. difficult 2. actually 3. spread out 4. soft 5. ideas 6. bridge 7. rough 8. communication 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了古代丝绸之路的历史背景、路线特点、贸易与文化交流作用，以及其在现代交通发展下虽重要性降低但影响深远的意义。 【详解】1. 句意：然而，几个世纪前，由于交通不便，跨洲旅行要困难得多。句子结构为“were + 形容词比较级”，“much more”后接形容词原级构成比较级；结合“because of poor transportation”可知，跨洲旅行的难度大，“difficult”意为“困难的”符合语境和语法要求。故填difficult。 2. 句意：它实际上并不是一条单一的路，而是一个由相连道路组成的巨大网络。设空处位于系动词“wasn’t” 后、表语“a single road”前，需填副词修饰整个句子；结合“a huge network of connected paths”，说明丝绸之路并非单一道路，“actually”意为“实际上”符合语义逻辑。故填actually。 3. 句意：这个网络遍布亚洲，连接着东西方。句子缺少谓语动词，主语“This network”为单数，结合“across Asia, linking the East and the West”可知，此处描述丝绸之路网络的地理分布，“spread out”意为“遍布”，符合“网络横跨亚洲”的语境。故填spread out。 4. 句意：没有其他东西像丝绸这样柔软，也没有其他东西有如此美丽的光泽。“as + 形容词原级 + as”为比较级结构，设空处需填形容词；结合“silk was a wonderful material”以及“had such a beautiful shine”可知，此处描述丝绸的材质特点，“soft”意为“柔软的”符合丝绸的物理属性。故填soft。 5. 句意：货物并不是沿着这些道路运输的唯一东西，这条路也成为了交流思想的途径。“exchange”后需接名词作宾语，结合“Technologies, languages and art forms spread smoothly along these paths”可知，丝绸之路不仅运输货物，还传播思想等精神层面的内容，“ideas”意为“思想”，符合语境。故填ideas。 6. 句意：这使得丝绸之路成为不同文化和社会之间的桥梁。根据“a + 名词 + between...”结构，设空处需填单数名词；结合“linking the East and the West”以及“exchange ideas, technologies, languages and art forms”可知，丝绸之路起到连接不同文化的作用，“bridge”意为“桥梁”，符合“连接东西方文化”的比喻义。故填bridge。 7. 句意：穿越丝绸之路意味着要面对危险的沙漠、崎岖的山脉和不友好的土地。设空处与“dangerous deserts”“unfriendly lands”并列，需填形容词修饰名词；结合“The journey wasn’t very easy”可知，此处描述丝绸之路沿途的艰难环境，“rough”意为“崎岖的”，符合“危险、艰难的地形”语境。故填rough。 8. 句意：在没有互联网和即时通讯的时代，丝绸之路就像一个世界中心。“immediate”后需接名词，结合“no Internet”可知，互联网的核心作用是即时通讯，“communication”意为“通讯”，符合“古代无即时通讯工具”的语境。故填communication。 18 / 18乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $单元核心语法精练 Unit 3 Travellers' tales （新教材沪教版五四学制） （疑问词+不定式） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 思维导图梳理了“疑问词+不定式”的两大板块：一是结构与本质（疑问词 what/which/who/where/when/how 后接 to do，why 不能接 to do，整体相当于一个简化的宾语从句，常用于 know/tell/ask/learn/decide/find out 等动词之后）；二是分类与易错（疑问代词后不定式不再带宾语、疑问副词后须带宾语、宾语从句与该结构互换须主从句主语一致、which 与 what 的范围区别）。帮助区分“疑问词+不定式”与宾语从句，避免在填空与转换中出错。 语法模块 内容 结构 / 规则 典型例句及翻译 一、结构与本质 基本结构 疑问词(what/which/who/where/when/how)+to do why 不能接 to do（❌ why to do） 语法本质 相当于简化的宾语从句，起名词作用 I don't know where I should go. = I don't know where to go. 常用动词 know/tell/ask/learn/decide/find out/forget 等后 We learned how to solve the problem. 句法功能 在句中作主语、宾语或表语 The problem is when to start. 二、分类与易错 疑问代词 what/which/who + to do，不定式后不加宾语 ✓ what to choose；❌ what to choose it 疑问副词 where/when/how + to do，不定式后须带宾语 ✓ how to use the machine 互换条件 主句主语与从句主语一致才能互换 He doesn't know where he will go.（✔可转换） which vs what which 有范围选择；what 无范围 two books → which；anything → what 使用注意事项 1. “疑问词 + 不定式”在句中起名词作用，可作主语、宾语、表语；作宾语时常见于 know, tell, ask, learn, decide, find out, forget, wonder, show, understand 等动词之后。 2. 疑问词只用 what/which/who/where/when/how/whether 等，why 不能接不定式（❌ why to do）；表示“是否”用 whether to do，一般不用 if to do。 3. 疑问代词（what/which/who）已充当不定式的逻辑宾语，后面不能再直接加宾语：✓ what to choose；❌ what to choose it。疑问副词（where/when/how）不作宾语，后面必须带宾语：✓ how to use the machine。 4. 宾语从句与“疑问词 + 不定式”互换的前提是主句主语与从句主语一致：He doesn't know where he will go.（✔可转换）/ He doesn't know where she will go.（✘主语不一致，不能转换）。 5. “疑问词 + 不定式”结构用主动形式表达被动含义，如 I don't know which one to choose.（挑选东西，主动表达即可）。 6. 句式转换：I don't know where I should go. = I don't know where to go. 仅把从句谓语“疑问词 + 情态动词 + 动词”简化为“疑问词 + to do”。 一、单项选择 1．— Could you tell me ________ the new washing machine? — Sure. It's easy. A．how to use B．what to use C．how use D．to use what 2．The little boy didn't know ________ for his sick mother. A．how to buy B．what to buy C．where to buy D．which to buy 3．We haven't decided ________ to spend our winter holiday, the city or the village? A．what B．how C．which D．where 4．I have no idea ________ the nearest subway station is. A．how to find B．what to find C．when to find D．where to find 5．Please show me ________ this traditional Chinese knot. A．how to make B．what to make C．how making D．what making 6．She can't decide ________ the red dress or the blue one. A．if to choose B．whether to choose C．that to choose D．what to choose 7．— Do you know ________ to get to the museum? — Go along this road and turn left. A．what B．which C．how D．when 8．The students are discussing ________ for the class meeting. A．how to talk about B．where to talk C．when to talk D．what to talk about 9．He forgot ________ his dictionary, so he couldn't look up the new words. A．where to bring B．what to bring C．how to bring D．which to bring 10．My cousin asked me ________ a good gift for Grandma's birthday. A．how to choose B．what to choose C．where to choose D．whether to choose 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1．I don't know what ________ (do) when I meet strange people. 2．Could you tell me how ________ (get) to the Children's Park? 3．She hasn't decided which book ________ (buy) for the school library. 4．We learned where ________ (find) the information on the Internet. 5．The boy doesn't know who ________ (ask) for help with his homework. 6．Please show us when ________ (start) the experiment. 7．He told me what ________ (wear) to the welcome party. 8．They are discussing how ________ (solve) the traffic problem in the town. 9．I wonder which one ________ (choose) between the two dictionaries. 10．The teacher explained how ________ (remember) the long English words. 三、按要求完成句子 1．我们需要学会如何与大自然和谐共处。 We need to learn ________ ________ ________ ________ nature in harmony. 2．学会如何处理你的压力很重要。 It is important to learn ________ ________ ________ ________ your stress. 3．如果你想成为总经理，你必须学会如何管理形形色色的人。 If you want to be a general manager, you must learn ________ ________ ________ ________ all kinds of people. 4．首先，我们需要学会如何处理我们已经拥有的钱。 First, we need to learn ________ ________ ________ ________ the money we already have. 5．现在越来越多老年人正在学习如何使用电子支付。 Now more and more old people are learning ________ ________ ________ ________ electronic payment. 6．珍妮想知道如何才能减肥。 Jenny wants to know ________ ________ ________ ________ weight. 7．我们应该学习在不同场合如何使用正确的语言。 We should learn ________ ________ ________ ________ the right language on different occasions. 8．Mr. White wondered where he could buy a map of Shanghai. （改为同义句） Mr. White wondered ________ ________ ________ a map of Shanghai. 9．I don't know what I should do with the letter. （保持句意基本不变） I don't know ________ ________ ________ ________ the letter. 10．The old man forgot when he should take the medicine. （保持句意不变） The old man forgot ________ ________ ________ the medicine. 四、完形填空 Passage 1 In the age of social media, many people like to take photos at scenic spots and share them online. However, wanting “the perfect picture” can lead to overcrowding, 1 people often stay in one place for too long. To solve this, Huangling scenic spot in Wuyuan, Jiangxi, introduced a new rule: timed photo-taking. If tourists are waiting in line, staff members will give each person about one minute to take their photo. 2 rules have been introduced in other tourist spots in China. Limiting photo time means less overcrowding and a better travel experience for visitors. We all agree that tourist attractions should be enjoyed by everyone. If some people stay in the best photo spot for too long, it is 3 to others. One minute may be short, but it is enough to take a good picture and helps cut long lines. Some tourists feel that what should be a relaxing activity now becomes more stressful. For children and older people, who might need extra time to take photos, the rule can even be difficult to obey. These 4 show the need for flexibility. Rather than having just one photo spot, tourist attractions could prepare several areas for photo-taking. They could also offer a photo guide to help visitors find good camera angles. Children, older people or people with disabilities should have more time to take their pictures. The goal is clear: to 5 service and give visitors a better travel experience. This rule is an important step toward better management and a healthier travel culture. Only with fairness and order can people 6 enjoy the beauty of travel. 1. A．though B．as C．before D．while 2. A．Strict B．Basic C．Similar D．Simple 3. A．respectful B．helpless C．dishonest D．unfair 4. A．worries B．conclusions C．excuses D．references 5. A．examine B．improve C．operate D．manage 6. A．quickly B．heavily C．truly D．nearly Passage 2 Skillfully turning the chicken steak in the hot pan, 48-year-old street seller Li Junyong, who has been nicknamed “chicken steak brother”, has become famous online quickly and turned into a must-visit 1 in Jingdezhen, Jiangxi Province. His 2 selling styles and words, such as “You can refuse me, but not my chicken steak” and “You deserve everything beautiful in the world, including my chicken steak”, attracted many tourists. During the National Day holiday, visitors from across China queued for hours just to buy his 6-yuan chicken steak, saying the happy feelings they got were worth much more than the price. The popularity of Li has helped the growth of tourism in Jingdezhen, a city known for its ceramic (陶瓷) products. This is similar to what happened before in Zibo, a city that became popular for its barbecue. These examples show a change in how people travel. Young travelers, 3 Generation Z (Z世代，通常指出生于1995年—2010年的人群) now want more than just to see famous places. They look for warm cultural experiences and real connections, like joining local activities and learning traditional skills. “Chicken steak brother” offers exactly that. 4 , experts pointed out that city managers should make good use of, but not depend on the influence of famous people. While Li’s popularity is a great starting point, Jingdezhen’s true strength 5 in its thousand-year history of ceramic art. The city must use this attention to guide tourists toward its deeper cultural treasures, like pottery (陶器) workshops and museums. This way, the sudden excitement around one person can turn into a lasting interest in the city itself. The real secret to a city’s long-term attraction is the sincere 6 it makes with people. 1. A．mystery B．product C．attraction D．project 2. A．relaxing B．humorous C．silent D．busy 3. A．hardly B．specially C．especially D．actually 4. A．However B．Therefore C．Besides D．Luckily 5. A．seems B．remains C．lies D．requires 6. A．pleasure B．kindness C．background D．connection Passage 3 Most foreigners go to the Bund or the Great Wall for their first visit to China. But I have never wanted to follow the crowd. On my friends’ recommendation, I picked a (an) 1 destination: the Tiger Leaping Gorge (虎跳峡) in Yunnan province. The area is no doubt one of the country’s natural treasures. To discover the gorge’s real beauty, however, one must take a hike on the northern side of the gorge. The hike is 2 as it takes most people two days to complete it, and some even three. But believe me, your time and effort will never be wasted. The hardest part of the hike was called “Twenty-Eight Bends” (二十八道拐). Dozens of steep switchbacks (之字形弯道) snaked up the mountainside. Right after I reached the 17th bend, to my 3 , I saw a sign reading: “Get ready for another 28 bends!” I realized there were more than 28 bends altogether! There was no need to 4 , though. Several local villagers were standing by the side of the path with their donkeys to offer you a ride whenever you need it. After these bends, the hiking path became flat so the rest of the journey was 5 . Most people ended their first-day hike in the early evening, just in time for a beautiful sunset. The next day, I walked slowly across a bamboo forest. There were many streams. A waterfall was flowing directly over the path. In the early afternoon, I reached the end of the hike. If you are looking for natural views, plus a bit of 6 , the Tiger Leaping Gorge will be a perfect choice for you. It offers an experience you’ll remember for a lifetime. 1. A．common B．international C．modern D．unusual 2. A．tiring B．frightening C．relaxing D．boring 3. A．joy B．surprise C．disappointment D．excitement 4. A．hurry B．hesitate C．worry D．wait 5. A．longer B．shorter C．easier D．harder 6. A．adventure B．knowledge C．tradition D．progress 五、短文填空 Passage 4 阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或填入括号中单词的正确形式。 When facing danger alone is impossible, what makes a group become a team? Mr and Mrs Lin were on vacation at the top of a mountain. Suddenly the ground started to shake. Two minutes later, everything 1 (change) completely! They just experienced an earthquake! The Lins tried to find some other people first. One by one, they found fifty-three people. Many were tourists. Soon it was dark and it started to rain 2 (heavy). At that moment, Mr Lin called for everyone’s attention and said, “The roads are too dangerous. We have to 3 (stay) here tonight.” Then Mr Lin and a few young men went back to the hotel to look 4 food and water. They found some, 5 not enough for everyone. The young people gave 6 (they) to the older ones. After that, Mr Lin divided the people into five 7 (group). Each group had a leader. Every thirty minutes, the group leaders flashed (闪烁) their mobile phones. And the light made everyone 8 (feel) safe. Early the next morning, the groups started to go down the mountain. It was 9 hard journey, but the group members encouraged and supported each other. Finally they got out safely. All of them were tired but they felt 10 (thank) they were part of a special team. Passage 5 阅读短文内容，在空白处填入一个恰当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 During this year’s May Day holiday, Yemeni (也门的) student Mohammed Saleh Ahmed and his Chinese friends visited Pingyao Ancient City in Shanxi Province. They even experienced the ancient way of getting money in the 1 (early) bank of China. “The historical relics (遗迹) in China’s ancient 2 (city) have made me want to learn more about the country’s past,” Mohammed said. In recent years, tourism industries have developed 3 (rapid) and these relics have become new favorites of tourists. Xinzhou Ancient City in Shanxi Province, with a history of more than 1,800 years, has had over 500 stores 4 restaurants. During the five-day holiday, Xinzhou Ancient City received more than 400,000 visitors. “ 5 (I) restaurant is always busy. During the peak (高峰的) season, the yard is 6 (crowd) with tourists waiting for dinner,” said Wang Guodong, a businessman who owns a restaurant in Xinzhou Ancient City. Geng Yeqiang, an expert 7 Shanxi University, said that historical relics can form a cultural tourism circle during their protection and development. The process can increase local economic (经济的) growth. 8 expert also said, “At the same time, relics protection organizations and the tourism organizations should work together 9 (make) this economic model better.” When a modern city 10 (meet) its old past, not only can the tourism be developed better, but the local culture and history can also be known by more people. Passage 6 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 It’s very important to know 1 to ask for help when you are in a foreign country. It is not enough to just ask a question correctly. We also need to learn how we can be polite when asking for help. Last summer holiday, my family decided 2 (go) on a vacation. And my father 3 (suggest) that we should go to Beijing. Then we went to Beijing by train. On the first day, we visited the Summer Palace and Tian’anmen. On the 4 (two) day, we visited the Great Wall. It is so long that I admired it a lot. On the Great Wall, there 5 (be) a lot of visitors. Some were Chinese people and some were from other countries. My sister and I walked very quickly at first, but after some time we were tired and had to stop to have a rest. I took some photos of my sister and my parents. In the end, we wanted to take 6 family photo. Just then, a foreigner was beside 7 (we). So my sister came up to ask for help. “Take a family photo for us,” she said. 8 the foreigner went away without saying a word. I told my sister that she should ask for help 9 (polite) so that the foreigner might help us. Later, I met another foreigner and I said, “Excuse me, could you please help us take a family photo?” He said, “No problem.” The two questions are similar 10 (request) for help, but the first one is less polite, because it is too direct. The second one sounds much more polite. 六、选词填空 Passage 7 将下列单词或词组填入空格。每空格限填一词或词组，每词只能填一次。 A．In other words  B．spread  C． solutions  D．private  E. On the other hand Rethinking “Smarter” Cities The idea of “smart” cities was first put forward in the 1970s. Since then, it has 1 to more and more countries. People hoped new technologies could help them live happier lives in cities. Governments aren’t the only ones interested in building “smarter” cities. Many 2 companies see the smart city program as a great chance to make money. Leading tech companies like Tencent and Microsoft have all offered their smart-city 3 . However, many project designers don’t have a clear idea of what they are going to achieve. They proudly show off exciting new technologies like 5G, but they don’t know how to use them to solve real-world problems. 4 , they sound more like tech sales people than city builders. A．something  B．nothing  C． instead  D．carefully  E. business This can cause many problems. City planning should always center around one question: What can be done to improve people’s living conditions? These companies, however, have to take care of their own 5 interests first. Their answer to every problem is simply more technology. Their solutions often have 6 to do with people’s daily lives. Sometimes, the problem is not a shortage of “smart” technologies. What we need 7 may just be smarter decision-making. For example, self-driving cars are certainly “smarter” than bicycles. However, they might cause more traffic jams. Do they really make the city a better place to live? City managers should 8 think about the kind of life to provide for people. Planners and tech developers should work according to this blueprint. They should stop worrying about making our cities “smarter” and start to focus on making them better. Passage 8 (将下列单词或短语填入空格。每空格限填一词，每词只能填一次) actually,   difficult,   soft,   commonly,   spread out Travellers today can fly across continents (大洲) within hours. However, centuries ago, journeys across different continents were much more 1 because of poor transportation. One of the most famous paths of ancient times was the Silk Road. It wasn’t 2 a single road, but a huge network of connected paths. This network 3 across Asia, linking the East and the West. It all began with the Chinese and their secret skills of silk production. To the western world, silk was a wonderful material. Nothing else was as 4 or had such a beautiful shine. Because they wanted to get this special cloth, businessmen and traders from faraway lands started on dangerous trips. rough,  bridge,  communication,   quiet,   ideas In fact, the Silk Road wasn’t only about silk. When traders travelled, they brought with them many different kinds of things like spices from India and paper from China. Goods were not the only things moving along these paths. The road became a way to exchange 5 , too. Technologies, languages and art forms spread smoothly along these paths. This made the Silk Road a 6 between different cultures and societies. The journey wasn’t very easy. Crossing the Silk Road meant facing dangerous deserts, 7 mountains and unfriendly lands. But the promise of riches and the attraction of foreign and rare goods drove people to keep going. The rise of modern transportation systems may have made the Silk Road less important! But its great effect lives on. At a time with no Internet or immediate 8 , the Silk Road was like a world center, proving that with curiosity and hard work, we can always reach further than we think. 10 / 10乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $