词性，句子成分以及句型 课件-2026-2027学年初高中英语衔接复习专项

十大词类和八种句子成分 初高中英语衔接 1 十大词类 目 录 CONTENTS 01 02 03 句子成分 五大基本句型 （简单句） 2 英语的十大词类 Part one 3 Wow! The beautiful girl gave two pens to him and ran away quickly! 口诀助记十大词性:_____________________________________ 感叹词 冠词 形容词 名词 动词 数词 名词 介词 代词 连词 动词 副词 副词 名代动，形副数，介连冠感 实词：动名形副代数（重点）； 虚词：介连冠感 下列句子中的单词，请写出它们的词性 4 一、十大词类 分类 名称 缩写 意义 概念 实词 名词 n. 普通名词可分为__________和__________ 表示人、事物、地点、抽象概念的词 代词 pron. 代名词： __________、 __________、 __________、 __________等 用来代替名词，避免重复 动词 v. 表动作或状态：包括 __________、 __________、__________和 __________ 表示动作和状态的词 形容词 adj. 修饰__________或__________ 用来修饰、描述名词 / 代词，表 “…… 的”。 副词 adv. 修饰__________、__________、__________或__________ 修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子，表 “…… 地”。 数词 num. 表数量/顺序：分为 __________和 __________ 表示数量和顺序的词 可数名词 不可数名词 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词 不定代词 行为动词 系动词 助动词 情态动词 名词 代词 动词 形容词 副词 整个句子 基数词 序数词 形容词修饰名词做定语 5 分类 名称 缩写 意义 概念 虚词 介词 prep. 介词是一种虚词，不能单独使用，需用在__________、__________、__________的前面 用在名词 / 代词前，表示时间、地点、方式等关系。 连词 conj. 分为 __________和 __________ 用来连接单词、短语、句子。 冠词 art. 用于 __________前或“形容词修饰的名词”帮助说明名词含义的一种虚词 放在名词前面，帮助限定名词。 感叹词 int. 表语气 表示说话人感情或语气的词 实词可以____________________，虚词不可以____________________ 名词 动名词doing 代词 并列连词 从句连词 名词 单独做句子成分 单独做句子成分 6 人称 主格 (作主语) 宾格 (作宾语) 形容词性物主代词 (后接名词) 反身代词 (反身) 第一人称单数 I me my myself 第一人称复数 we us our ourselves 第二人称单数 you you your yourself 第二人称复数 you you your yourselves 第三人称单数 (男) he him his himself 第三人称单数 (女) she her her herself 第三人称单数 (物) it it its itself 第三人称复数 they them their themselves 7 1. The little boy taught ________ (he) English. 2. Mr. Zhang is __________(we) English teacher and he always helps_______(I) learn English patiently. 3. I met a girl, and she told me that ________ (she) dream was to study in a big city. 4. I shared some of ________ (I) learning experience with her. 5. A dog will protect ________ (it) when it feels threatened. 6. The tree drops ________ (it) leaves in late autumn. 一、代词练习 himself our me her my itself its 8 1. Young __________(child) sat under a tree with green __________(leaf) and talked about their dreams. Some students’ dream was that they hoped they could be great at __________(learn) some skills. 2. The boy’s father __________(pass) away two years ago, leaving him a great sum of money. 3. In the past few years, great changes __________(take) place in our hometown. 二、十大词性练习 children leaves learning passed have taken 口诀：缺谓语优先考虑时态 9 5.__________(unlucky), the old man was __________(serious) hurt in the accident. But doctors were amazed that the man recovered much ______________ (quickly) than expected. 7.__________the morning, a group __________ policemen searched the forest __________the murderer（杀人犯）. 8. They searched everywhere __________still couldn’t find the murderer __________ killed the woman. 9. I spent hour finishing yesterday's homework. of In for but an who/that Unluckily seriously more quickly 10 句子成分 Part two 11 八大句子成分 一句话搞懂英语八大句子成分 I saw my friend Jack dancing in the room and he was happy. 口诀助记八大句子成分: _____________________________________________ 主语 谓语 定语 宾语 同位语 宾补 状语 主 谓语（系动词） 表语 句子是一家，八人来帮它；主谓宾表补，定状同位语。 12 1. 主语：谁 （动作的发出者） 2. 谓语：做/是 （主语所发出的动作） 3. 宾语：什么 （动作的承受者） 4. 定语：……的（修饰名词，相当于形容词） 5. 状语：……地/何时/何地（修饰动作） 6. 补语：将句子表达意思补完整（让句子不残缺） 总结 13 请找出以下句子中的主语： 1. The sun rises in the east. 2. I am an exchange student from the UK. 3. Going from junior high school to senior high school is a really big challenge. 4. To start my own company is my dream. 5. It is useful to learn English. 6. The rich are not always happy. 动名词doing 不定式to do it 作形式主语 the+形容词表一类人 主语：动作的发出者，一般位于句首 名词 代词（主格） 14 谓语 谓语动词，表动作或状态，一般在主语后 1. He practises speaking English everyday. 2. He is an excellent teacher. 4. I would stay at home all day. 行为动词 系动词 情态动词+行为动词原形 15 巩固练习：朗读以下句子并分析划线部分的句子成分。 1. Recently I have made a survey among the students in our class. 2. One day some of my students were talking about what they would like to be in the future. 3. Music can make our mind peaceful after a whole day of tiring work. 4. The meeting held yesterday was important. 5. Every day he was forced to work from morning till night. 16 英语五大基本句型简单句 Part three 17 简单句的五种基本句型 句 型 例 句 1. 主语+ 谓语（不及物动词 vi.） We study hard. 2. 主语+谓语（及物动词 vt. ）+ 宾语 Lily loves science. 3. 主语+系动词+表语 The old man is healthy. 4. 主语+谓语+间接宾语＋直接宾语 My father bought me a computer. 5. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 Judy painted the wall white. 18 句型一：主语+谓语（不及物动词）S+V 主 谓 例句：The girl cried. 1．他从早到晚努力工作。________________________________________________ 2．我的计划已经改变了。________________________________________________ He works hard from morning to night. 练习：请写出下列句子的英文。 My plan has changed. 19 1．我头痛。(ache) ________________________________________________ 2．我的计划已经改变了。(change) ________________________________________________ 3．这趟班机晚上九点半钟起飞。(take off) ________________________________________________ 4．我来自一个受过良好教育的家庭。(come,well-educated) ________________________________________________ My head aches. My plan has changed. This flight takes off at half past nine in the evening. I come from a well-educated family. 请用所给提示词翻译句子。 20 句型二：主语+谓语+宾语（S+V+O） 主 谓 宾 例句：Mary enjoys music. 21 练习：请写出下列句子的英文。 1. 我们每天有八节课。________________________________________________ 2．我想跟你一起去看足球赛。。________________________________________________ 3．人们谈论过那次音乐会。________________________________________________ 4．我们学校将于下周五上午在学校礼堂举行音乐节。 ________________________________________________ We have eight classes (every day). I want to watch the football match (with you). People talked about the concert. Our school will hold Music Festival at the school hall next Friday morning. 22 句型三：主+谓+宾+宾补（SVOC） 主语 谓语 宾语 Li Fugui made the old happy. 宾补 He found the picture beautiful. 23 1．他总是让我开心。 ____________________________________________ 2．我父母不允许我玩电脑游戏。 ____________________________________________ 3．这个老板让工人每天工作10小时。 ____________________________________________ He always makes me happy. My parents don't allow me to play computer games. This boss makes the workers work 10 hours every day. 请翻译以下句子。 24 句型四：主+谓+间宾+直宾（S V IO DC） 主语 谓语 间宾 The boy gave the old snack. 直宾 人是间接宾语，物是直接宾语 (间人直物) 25 1 Mr.Yang教我们英语。 ______________________________________________ 2．妈妈上个月给了我一本故事书。 ______________________________________________ Mr.Yang teaches us English. My mother gave me a storybook last month. 请翻译以下句子。 26 句型五：主+系+表（S+V+P） 主语 谓语 The weather is cold 表语 27 常见的系动词： 1.be 动词：am, is, are,was,were 2.持续系动词：stay, keep, remain, lie,stand 等 3.感官系动词：feel, smell, taste, sound等 4. 变化类系动词：get, become, grow, go, turn等 5. “看起来，似乎”系动词：seem, look, appear I am happy. The day turns long. He gets angry. He seems ill. It remains a mystery. 28 1．我是一名中学生。 ____________________________________________ 2．那听起来有趣。 ____________________________________________ 3．它看起来很漂亮。 ____________________________________________ I'm a middle school student. That sounds interesting. It looks very beautiful. 请翻译以下句子。 29 拓展句型：there be 存在句 there be 与have 的区别： 1. there be 某时某地有某人某物 2. have 主语“拥有”某人某物 注意： 1. there be不能与have混用 2. “有”两只老虎，一山不容二虎，二者不同时出现 30 练习： there be 与have/has 区别 1.This desk___________four legs. 2.___________some books on the desk. 3.Everyone___________a dictionary in my class. 4.___________ knives in the room. 5.I___________a new sweater. 6.___________some flowers and a desk in the room. 7.___________nothing in the bag. 8.They___________something to eat. has There are has There are have There are There is have 31 请翻译以下句子。 1.那有很多图片。(many, so, here, pictures) ___________________________________________ 2. 我房间里有一辆自行车。(bike, room) ____________________________________________ 3.照片里有两条狗。(two, picture, dogs) ____________________________________________ 4. 墙上有一个钟表。 (wall, clock) ____________________________________________ There are so many pictures here. There is a bike in my room. There are two dogs in the picture. There is a clock on the wall. 32 Thank you! 33 $