五步教学法之初升高语法衔接第一课时：句子成分和简单句结构 课件-2026-2027学年初高中英语衔接复习专项

初升高英语语法衔接（一） 句子成分和简单句结构 Learning aims 1.To review different sentence elements 2.To review five basic sentence structures 3.To cultivate their English thinking Lead in Make sentences according to the picture My friend Jack loves school very much. He will study in a high school. He is very excited. I saw him standing in front of the school gate. His father gave him the backpack. Step 1:Self-learning 自主学习 句子成分 定义 主语 句子的主要描述对象，通常放在谓语前面。‌‌‌ 谓语 表示主语的动作或状态，通常是动词。‌‌‌ 宾语 动作的承受者，一般位于谓语动词和介词之后。‌‌‌ 表语 位于系动词之后，说明主语的身份或状态。‌‌‌ 定语 用来修饰名词或代词，起限定作用。‌‌‌ 状语 修饰动词、形容词或整个句子，说明时间、地点等。‌‌‌ 补语 补充说明主语或宾语的意思。 同位语 解释说明名词或代词的成分 My friend Jack loves school very much. He will study in a high school. He is very excited. I saw him standing in front of the school gate. His father gave him the backpack. Can you tell me the sentence elements in these sentences? 主语 谓语 宾语 主语 谓语 主语 谓语 表语 主语 谓语 宾语 补语 主语 谓语 宾语 间宾 直宾 状语 状语 同位语 Name the sentence structures according to the sentence elements ? My friend loves school very much. He will study in a high school. He is very excited. I saw him standing in front of the school gate. His father gave him the backpack. 主语 谓语 宾语 主语 谓语 主语 系V 表语 主语 谓语 宾语 补语 主语 谓语 间宾 直宾 主谓宾 主谓 主系表 主谓宾宾补 主谓双宾 Step 2:Exploring 探究新知 He smiled. The sun rises in the east. She is crying. 主谓 S+V 主谓结构中谓语一般为 。 不及物动词 The dog bit her. I drink coffee. He loves music. 主谓宾 S+V+O 主谓宾结构中谓语一般为 。 及物动词 The dish tastes delicious. She is a teacher. The woman became angry. 主系表 S+V+P 主系表结构中谓语一般为 。 系动词 We call him Jackson. We see them dancing. You must keep the classroom clean. 主谓宾宾补 S+V+O+OC 主谓宾宾补结构中谓语一般为 。 使役动词和感官动词等 She told us a story. Miss Wang teaches them English. They showed me some pictures. 主谓双宾 S+V+IO+DO 主谓双宾结构中宾语一般 。 间宾（人）在前，直宾（物）在后 Step 3:Focusing 精讲点拨 1. 名词 The lake is very beautiful . 2. 代词(主语用主格) He bought a pen yesterday. 3. 数词 Three and four is seven. 4. 动词不定式短语 To learn English is important. 5. 动名词短语 Seeing is believing. 6. 名词化的形容词和分词 The disabled should be treated equally and the young need to give a helping hand. 7. 名词性的词组或短语 Neither your brother nor I will come here again. 8. 主语从句 What he did is not acceptable. 主语是句子的主体部分,是说明的对象,是动作的执行者或发出者,用来说明句子讲的是谁或什么情况。 谓语用来说明主语的状态或行为动作。谓语主要由动词或动词短语充当。谓语有时态、语态、主谓一致的变化。谓语有简单谓语和复合谓语之分 16种时态 现在 过去 将来 过去将来 一般动作 do/does did shall/will do should/would do 进行动作 am/is/are+doing was/were doing shall/will be doing should/would be doing 完成动作 has/have done had done shall/will have done should/would have done 完成进行动作 has/have been doing had been doing shall/will have been doing should/would have been doing (1)简单谓语：由一个实义动词或动词短语构成。 He gets up early and runs every morning. (2)复合谓语： ①由情态动词/be动词/其他助动词+动词原形或其他形式构成。 You should finish your homework first. The boys are playing volleyball. ②由系动词加表语构成。 We are sure they will win. 宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语或从句来充当，一般位于及物动词(短语)和介词之后。 1)名词 He found his keys on the way to school. 2)代词(宾语用宾格) Denny missed her a lot. 3)数词 Four people applied for this job, but we only need one. 4)动词不定式短语 She likes to read magazines when she is free. 5)动名词短语 He hasn't finished reading the novel yet. 6)名词化的形容词和分词 The government's plan will hurt the old and the disabled. 7)名词性的词组或短语 I don't know the boy with a pair of dark sunglasses. 8)宾语从句 I don’t know why you are late again. 表语：一般在系动词后，说明主语的身份、特征和状态 I’m a freshman at college. The dish tastes delicious. The building is under attack. His goal is to finish the task in an hour. My hobby is playing basketball. The news is exciting. I feel excited. The problem is that they don’t have enough time. 名词 形容词 介词短语 to do 不定式 动名词doing 现在分词doing/过去分词done 表语从句 16 常见系动词口诀 am is are look feel smell taste sound seem appear become turn get grow go keep stay remain 口诀也可更换为：[五感五变三保持两个似乎一个be.】 大家自行选择哦。 定语起修饰、限制名词或代词的作用，可分为前置定语和后置定语。单个词作定语时常放在被修饰词之前(前置定语)，而短语或从句作定语时，往往放在被修饰词之后(后置定语)。 名词或名词所有格 They are talking about the world problems. That is Jim's pencil. 代词 (形容词性物主代词) You should try your best to achieve your dream. 数词 There are over 500 students in the lecture hall. 形容词 He is a kind man. 分词(短语) Do you know person living next to our house? The gift given by my father is very wonderful. 哪些词可以充当定语： 不定式 Can you tell me the way to solve the problem? 介词短语 Did you find the answer to the question? 副词 Did you see the boy upstairs/downstairs? 定语从句 This is the school that I studied in three years ago. v v 类别： 1)副词/副词短语 The boy needs a pen [very much].(程度状语) 2)介词短语 [In the classroom], the boy needs a pen.(地点状语) 3)分词/分词短语 He sits there, [asking for a pen].(表示伴随状态) 4)不定式 The boy needs a pen [to do his homework].(目的状语) 5)名词 Come [this way]!/走这条路!(方向状语) 6)形容词(短语) At last he got home, tired and hungry.(方式状语) 7)从句(时间/地点/原因/结果/目的/比较/让步/条件状语从句) [If it rains tomorrow], we'll stay at home.(条件状语从句) He did not go to school yesterday, [because he was ill].(原因状语从句) 状语 补语：包括宾语补足语和主语补足语。最常见的是宾语补足语，对宾语进行补充说明 His father named him Goudan. The news makes him sad. We found everything in good order. It allows people to get close to nature ./ It makes us cry. We saw her entering the room. I found my money stolen. 名词 形容词 介词短语 to do不定式 现在分词 过去分词 21 该句式常用于三类动词: ①使役动词: keep、 make、 let、 have、 leave、 get等 ②感官动词: see、 watch、 notice、 observe、 find、 catch、 look at、 listen to、 hear、 feel、 smell 等 ③ask/tell/order/request/permit/persuade/ ... sb to do sth等。 用作宾语补足语的可以是：形容词、介词短语、动词-ing、不定式、副词、过去分词等。 22 同位语：对名词进行补充说明的名词、名词短语或从句即同位语从句 Mr. Zhang, my English teacher, is very handsome. He told me the news that our team won the game. 名词 同位语从句 23 1. I will spend this summer vocation holiday in the countryside. 2. In the modern city, there are some problems, such as air pollution, crowdness and noise. 3. In the countryside, I can enjoy a comfortable and quiet life. 4. There, the air is fresh and the water is clean. S V There be… O A S V O S P Step 4:Practising 有效训练 24 指出下面句子分别属于哪个句型。 5. I can hear birds singing in the green trees. 6. I can also go boating, fishing, and swimming in the lake. 7. All this will be interesting and good for my health. 8. So I want to go to the countryside for a change. C S V O A S V O S P S V O A A 25 说出下列句子中单词的词性并分析划线部分的句子成分。 1. Recently I have carried out a survey among the students in our class. 2. One day some of my students were talking about what they would like to be in the future. 3. Music can make our mind peaceful after a whole day of tiring work. 4. The meeting held yesterday was important. 5. Every day he was forced to work from morning till night. 6. Word came that the mayor(市长) would pay a visit to our school next week. 状 主 谓 宾 状 状 主 谓 宾(从) 主 谓 宾 宾补 状 主 定语 系动词 表 状 主 谓 主补 主 谓 同位语(从句) 状 26 1.我们每天有八节课。 2.我想跟你一起去看足球赛。 3.我相信你将会在这里度过一个愉快的假期。 4.我们学校将于下周五上午在学校礼堂举行音乐节。（2019全国3卷） Translation We have eight classes (every day). I want to watch the football match (with you). I believe (that) you will have/spend a happy/pleasant holiday here. Our school will hold Music Festival (at the school hall)( this Friday morning). 27 Step 5:Reflecting 反思升华 总结：英语句子有以下严格要求：1.必须有__________；2.必须有有__________；3.要能表达_____________，若意思不完整则需要在主语和谓语动词后添加其他补充成分，如表语/宾语/宾补。 主语 谓语 一个完整的意思 Homework 1.Review the key points. 2.Make up some sentences with the five basic sentence structures. Thank you! $