Unit 6 From Nobody to Somebody 前缀en和定语从句（who和whom引导）（核心语法精练）-【简语法-单元核心语法精练】2026～2027学年仁爱科普版英语九年级上册

该初中英语单元学案以“From Nobody to Somebody”为主题，聚焦前缀en-构词规律与who/whom引导的定语从句，通过思维导图、表格系统梳理语法规则、核心例词及中考易错点，设计“核心语法回顾—专项能力突破—解题综合提升”的递进式任务，构建连贯的知识学习路径。 亮点在于融合主题的多元任务设计，如完形填空选用冼星海、袁隆平事迹渗透文化意识，句子转换与短文填空训练语法应用提升思维品质，专项练习强化解题技巧发展学习能力。每模块配备典型例句与分层习题，为教师实施单元复习提供完整支撑，助力学生深度学习与能力综合发展。

单元核心语法精练 Unit 6 From Nobody to Somebody （新教材仁爱版） （前缀 en- 和定语从句（who 和 whom 引导）） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 表格梳理了前缀 en- 的构词规律、核心例词与固定搭配，以及定语从句（who 和 whom 引导）的基本概念、用法区分与中考易错点，清晰呈现前缀构词与指人关系代词的选词规则。 语法模块 内容 结构 / 规则 典型例句及翻译 前缀 en- 基本含义 en- 加在形容词或名词前构成动词，表示“使……；使拥有/陷入” able→enable（使能够）；courage→encourage（鼓励）；large→enlarge（扩大） 构词规则 en- + 形容词：able→enable、rich→enrich、sure→ensure；en- + 名词：courage→encourage、danger→endanger、large→enlarge large→enlarge（扩大）；rich→enrich（使丰富） 核心例词 enable / enlarge / enrich / ensure / encourage / endanger Good books can enrich our minds.（好书能丰富我们的思想。） 固定搭配 enable sb. to do sth. 使某人能够做某事；encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 The app enables us to learn anytime.（这款应用使我们能随时学习。） 易错提醒 enjoy、enter 中的 en 不是前缀，是单词本身的一部分，不表示“使”，不能拆分为 en + joy / en + ter enjoy 整体是独立单词，意为“享受” 定语从句（who 和 whom 引导） 基本概念 修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，被修饰的词叫先行词；关系代词 who/whom 指人并连接主从句 The boy who helped me is my deskmate.（帮我的那个男孩是我的同桌。） who 的用法 who 指人，在从句中作主语，可与 that 互换；常见于 Anyone who… / Those who… 句型 Those who want to go sign up here.（想去的人在这里报名。） whom 的用法 whom 指人，在从句中作宾语，可与 that 互换，口语中常省略或用 who 代替 The man (whom) you met is Mr. Li.（你遇到的那位男士是李先生。） 介词 + whom 介词提前时只能用“介词 + whom”，不能用 who 或 that The person to whom you spoke is Mr. Depp.（你与之说话的那个人是德普先生。） 中考易错 从句缺主语用 who；缺宾语用 whom/who；介词前置时只用 whom；whose 指人/物，作定语 The girl whose handwriting is beautiful studies hard.（书法漂亮的女孩学习努力。） 使用注意事项 1. 前缀 en- 构成动词：加在形容词或名词前，表示“使……；使拥有/陷入”，如 able→enable（使能够）、large→enlarge（扩大）、rich→enrich（使丰富）。 2. 名词加 en-：courage→encourage（鼓励）、danger→endanger（危及）、sure→ensure（确保），构成动词后常接 sb. to do sth.。 3. 易错区分：enjoy、enter 中的 en 并非前缀，而是单词本身的一部分，不表示“使”，不能拆分为 en + joy / en + ter 来理解。 4. 关系代词 who 与 whom 均指人：who 在从句中作主语（如 The boy who helped me），whom 作宾语（如 the man whom you met）。 5. who 与 whom 的替换：作宾语时 whom 可与 who / that 互换，口语中常省略或用 who 代替；但介词提前时只能用“介词 + whom”（如 the person to whom you spoke）。 6. 与 that 的互通：who / whom 指人时均可与 that 互换（作宾语可省略），但“介词 + 关系代词”结构中只能用 whom，不能用 that；whose 指人/物，在从句中作定语。 一、单项选择 1．The new machine will ______ the workers to finish the task much faster. A．enable B．enlarge C．enrich D．encourage 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这台新机器将使工人们更快地完成任务。enable sb. to do sth. 意为“使某人能够做某事”，符合“新机器让工人更快完成”的语境。故选 A。 2．We should ______ the children to face challenges bravely instead of running away. A．ensure B．encourage C．enlarge D．enrich 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们应该鼓励孩子们勇敢地面对挑战，而不是逃避。encourage sb. to do sth. 意为“鼓励某人做某事”，符合“面对挑战”的语境。故选 B。 3．Planting more trees can ______ the environment and make our city much greener. A．enlarge B．enrich C．endanger D．enable 【答案】B 【详解】句意：种更多的树能丰富环境，让我们的城市更绿。enrich 意为“使丰富、充实”，符合“让城市更绿、环境更好”的语境。故选 B。 4．The well-designed bridge will ______ people to cross the river more easily every day. A．ensure B．enable C．encourage D．enlarge 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这座精心设计的大桥将使人们每天更方便地过河。enable sb. to do sth. 意为“使某人能够做某事”，符合“方便过河”的语境。故选 B。 5．Cutting down forests will ______ many wild animals that live there. A．endanger B．enlarge C．enrich D．enable 【答案】A 【详解】句意：砍伐森林会危及生活在那里的许多野生动物。endanger 意为“危及、使遭受危险”，符合“砍伐森林危害动物”的语境。故选 A。 6．The young scientist ______ discovered the new planet is from our school. A．which B．who C．whom D．whose 【答案】B 【详解】句意：发现那颗新行星的年轻科学家来自我们学校。先行词 The young scientist 指人，定语从句缺主语，关系代词用 who（可与 that 互换）。故选 B。 7．The old friend ______ I met at the school party is now a famous writer. A．who B．whom C．which D．whose 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我在学校聚会上遇到的那位老朋友如今是一位著名作家。先行词指人，定语从句缺宾语，关系代词用 whom 或 who（也可省略）。故选 B。 8．The teacher ______ you just spoke is very patient with every student. A．who B．that C．to whom D．to who 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你刚才与之交谈的那位老师对每个学生都很有耐心。speak 为不及物动词，需加介词 to；“介词 + 关系代词”结构中关系代词用 whom（不用 who 或 that），即 to whom。故选 C。 9．Those ______ want to join the volunteers can sign up here after class. A．which B．who C．whom D．whose 【答案】B 【详解】句意：那些想加入志愿者的人可以在课后在这里报名。先行词 Those 指人，定语从句缺主语，关系代词用 who（常见句型 Those who…）。故选 B。 10．We all admire the girl ______ handwriting is the most beautiful in our class. A．who B．whom C．whose D．which 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们都钦佩班里书法最漂亮的那个女孩。先行词 the girl 指人，定语从句缺定语（修饰 handwriting），关系代词用 whose，意为“……的”。故选 C。 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1．Good books can ______ (rich) our knowledge and make us think more deeply. 【答案】enrich 【详解】句意：好书能丰富我们的知识，让我们思考得更深入。前缀 en- 加在形容词 rich 前构成动词 enrich，意为“使丰富”。 2．The new technology will ______ (able) ordinary people to work more efficiently at home. 【答案】enable 【详解】句意：新技术将使普通人能在家更高效地工作。前缀 en- 加在形容词 able 前构成动词 enable，enable sb. to do sth. 意为“使某人能够做某事”。 3．Teachers should ______ (courage) students to ask questions and think independently. 【答案】encourage 【详解】句意：老师应该鼓励学生提问并独立思考。前缀 en- 加在名词 courage 前构成动词 encourage，encourage sb. to do sth. 意为“鼓励某人做某事”。 4．We must take steps to ______ (sure) the safety of every passenger on the bus. 【答案】ensure 【详解】句意：我们必须采取措施确保每一位乘客的安全。前缀 en- 加在形容词 sure 前构成动词 ensure，意为“确保、保证”。 5．Reading more stories can ______ (large) our view of the wider world. 【答案】enlarge 【详解】句意：读更多的故事能拓宽我们对更广阔世界的视野。前缀 en- 加在形容词 large 前构成动词 enlarge，意为“扩大、拓宽”。 6．Polluting the river will ______ (danger) the fish and plants living in it. 【答案】endanger 【详解】句意：污染这条河会危及生活在其中的鱼和植物。前缀 en- 加在名词 danger 前构成动词 endanger，意为“危及、使遭受危险”。 7．The new policy will ______ (sure) that every child gets a fair education. 【答案】ensure 【详解】句意：新政策将确保每一个孩子都能得到公平的教育。ensure 意为“确保”，后接 that 从句。 8．His moving speech ______ (courage) thousands of young people to follow their dreams. 【答案】encouraged 【详解】句意：他动人的演讲鼓励了成千上万的年轻人去追寻梦想。encourage 的过去式 encouraged，作谓语，主语 speech 为单数第三人称叙述过去的事。 9．We can ______ (rich) our school life by joining different clubs and activities. 【答案】enrich 【详解】句意：我们可以通过参加不同的社团和活动来丰富我们的学校生活。enrich 意为“使丰富”，情态动词 can 后用原形。 10．Careless driving may ______ (danger) the lives of many people on the road. 【答案】endanger 【详解】句意：粗心驾驶可能危及路上许多人的生命。endanger 意为“危及”，情态动词 may 后用原形。 三、按要求完成句子 1．他创办了一个使村民能够学习急救的项目。 He started a project ______ ______ villagers to learn first aid. 【答案】 that enables 【详解】句意：他创办了一个使村民能够学习急救的项目。先行词 a project 指物，定语从句缺主语，关系代词用 that 或 which；从句谓语“使能够”用 enables（project 为单数第三人称）。故填 that；enables。 2．屠呦呦是第一位获得诺贝尔奖的中国女性。 Tu Youyou is the first Chinese woman ______ ______ the Nobel Prize. 【答案】 who won 【详解】句意：屠呦呦是第一位获得诺贝尔奖的中国女性。先行词指人，定语从句缺主语，关系代词用 who（或 that）；“获得”用 won（win 的过去式，叙述过去事实）。故填 who；won。 3．父母总是鼓励孩子参加挑战性活动。 Parents always ______ their kids ______ join in challenging activities. 【答案】 encourage to 【详解】句意：父母总是鼓励孩子参加挑战性活动。encourage sb. to do sth. 意为“鼓励某人做某事”，always 表明一般现在时，Parents 为复数，动词用原形 encourage。故填 encourage；to。 4．这项新法律将确保乘客的安全。 The new law will ______ the ______ of the passengers. 【答案】 ensure safety 【详解】句意：这项新法律将确保乘客的安全。前半空“确保”用 ensure（will 后用原形）；后半空位于 the 与 of 之间，需用名词，safe 加 -ty 变为 safety，意为“安全”。故填 ensure；safety。 5．新机器使普通人能够更高效地工作。 The new machine ______ ordinary people ______ work more efficiently. 【答案】 enables to 【详解】句意：新机器使普通人能够更高效地工作。enable sb. to do sth. 意为“使某人能够做某事”；主语 machine 为单数第三人称，enable 用 enables。故填 enables；to。 6．我们能使我们的学校生活更加丰富。 We can ______ our school life more ______. 【答案】 enrich colorful 【详解】句意：我们能使我们的学校生活更加丰富。前半空“使丰富”用 enrich（can 后用原形）；后半空位于 more 之后，需用形容词 colorful，意为“丰富多彩的”。故填 enrich；colorful。 7．Her mother encouraged her little brother to keep trying.（对划线部分提问） ________ encouraged her little brother to keep trying? 【答案】 Who 【详解】句意：是她的妈妈鼓励弟弟坚持尝试的。对主语 Her mother（人）提问用 Who；原句为一般过去时，疑问句语序 Who + 谓语 encouraged…？故填 Who。 8．那部小说丰富了英国文学。 The novel has ______ English literature. 【答案】 enriched 【详解】句意：那部小说丰富了英国文学。主语 The novel 为单数，谓语“丰富”用 enrich 的过去分词 enriched，与 has 构成现在完成时 has enriched。 9．许海峰是中国历史上第一位获得奥运金牌的运动员。 Xu Haifeng is the first Chinese athlete ______ won an Olympic gold medal in history. 【答案】 who 【详解】句意：许海峰是中国历史上第一位获得奥运金牌的运动员。先行词指人，定语从句缺主语，关系代词用 who（或 that）。故填 who。 10．你刚才和他说话的那个人已经离开了。 The person ______ you just talked ______ has already left. 【答案】 to whom 【详解】句意：你刚才和他说话的那个人已经离开了。talk 为不及物动词，需加介词 to；“介词 + 关系代词”结构中关系代词用 whom，即 to whom。故填 to；whom。 四、完形填空 Passage 1 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Xian Xinghai was a very famous musician in China. He wrote one of the greatest pieces of music of the 20th century. In his short life he wrote 1 300 songs and an opera. Xian was born in Macau, China in 1905. Because his father died before he was born, Xian moved from place to place with 2 mother. He began learning to play the violin when he was 13 years old. In the beginning, his violin was 3 cheap and badly made that he could not play it well. His friends laughed at him. Xian did not stop 4 and soon showed his talent. In 1934, he was one of the first Chinese students 5 studied in a special music school in Paris. Before he left, Xian became the school’s best student 6 won several prizes for his talents. In 1935, he returned to China and helped fight against the Japanese army. Later, he came to Yan’an 7 music at a college. Although there were no pianos in Yan’an at that time, Xian still wrote 8 of his most important music there, including The Yellow River Cantata, his most famous work. In May 1940, Xian 9 to the Soviet Union by the Chinese Communist Party to write music for movies. In the Soviet Union, his life was very hard. Xian got sick and later died of a lung illness 10 October 30, 1945, aged only 40. Xian’s music, however, lives on in the people’s hearts. 1. A．near B．nearly C．nearby 2. A．he B．him C．his 3. A．so B．such C．very 4. A．practise B．practising C．to practise 5. A．who B．which C．whom 6. A．and B．but C．as 7. A．to teach B．taught C．teaching 8. A．any B．little C．some 9. A．sent B．was sent C．has sent 10. A．at B．in C．on 【答案】 1. B 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. A 6. A 7. A 8. C 9. B 10. C 【导语】本文是一篇人物记叙文，主要介绍音乐家冼星海的生平经历、求学与创作历程，讲述他创作诸多经典乐曲、为中国革命音乐事业作出重大贡献的事迹。 【详解】1. 句意：在他短暂的一生中，他创作了将近300首歌曲以及一部歌剧。 前文点明冼星海是知名音乐家、创作了大量经典乐曲，nearly意为“将近、几乎”，用来修饰数量300，契合上下文；near“在……附近”、nearby“附近的”，只能描述方位，不能修饰数值。 2. 句意：由于父亲在他出生前就离世了，冼星海和他的母亲四处迁居。 前文交代冼星海幼年失去父亲，需要搭配物主代词指代冼星海修饰mother，his意为“他的”，契合上下文；he是主格作主语、him是宾格作宾语，二者都不能放在名词前作定语。 3. 句意：起初，他的小提琴如此廉价、做工粗糙，以至于他无法顺畅演奏。 后文引出结果从句he could not play it well，构成so…that…“如此……以至于……”固定结构，so修饰后面的形容词cheap，契合上下文；such后面需要接名词短语、very不能和that构成该结果句型。 4. 句意：冼星海没有停止练习，很快就展现出自己的天赋。 前文提到朋友都嘲笑他琴技差，但他没有放弃练习；stop doing sth.表示“停下正在做的事”，此处指没有中止练琴，practising意为“练习”，契合上下文；practise是动词原形；to practise对应stop to do，含义是停下其他事去练习，和原文坚持持续练习的语境不符。 5. 句意：1934年，他是首批在巴黎一所特殊音乐学校求学的中国学生之一。 先行词students指代人，定语从句缺少主语，who可指代人且充当主语，契合上下文；which只能指代事物；whom仅能作从句宾语，本从句需要主语，因此二者都不适用。 6. 句意：在离开前，他成为学校最优秀的学生，并且凭借自身才华斩获多个奖项。 前文写他在校成绩优异，后文写他拿奖，两件事是顺承递进的并列关系，and意为“并且”，契合上下文；but表转折、as表原因或时间，都不符合前后的逻辑关系。 7. 句意：后来，他来到延安，在一所学院里教授音乐。 前文讲他回国投身抗日相关事业，来到延安的目的就是任教传授音乐知识，不定式to teach作目的状语，契合上下文；taught是谓语动词形式，本句已有谓语came；teaching不能表达出行目的。 8. 句意：尽管当时延安没有钢琴，冼星海依旧在那里完成了部分最重要的乐曲创作，其中就包括他最知名的作品《黄河大合唱》。 后文举例《黄河大合唱》就是在延安完成的重要作品，说明他写出了一部分代表作，some意为“一些、部分”，契合上下文；any多用于否定、疑问句；little表示几乎没有，和后文创作出名曲的事实矛盾。 9. 句意：1940年5月，冼星海受中国共产党派遣前往苏联，为电影创作配乐。 后文交代他去往苏联之后艰苦的生活经历，冼星海是被组织派送出去的，主语和send是被动关系，结合过去的时间，用一般过去时的被动语态was sent，契合上下文；sent缺少被动助动词；has sent是主动语态，不符合组织派遣他的客观语境。 10. 句意：冼星海身染疾病，最终在1945年10月30日因肺病离世，年仅40岁。 前文讲述他在苏联生活困苦、身患疾病，本句给出确切离世日期；具体某月某日前要用介词on，契合上下文；at用于具体时刻前、in用于月份、年份前，不可以接带具体日期的时间。 Passage 2 阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Xian Xinghai was a very famous musician in China. He wrote one of the greatest pieces of music of the 20th century. In his short life he wrote 1 300songs and an opera. Xian was born in Panyu, Guangdong, China in 1905. Because his father died before he was born, Xian moved from place to place with 2 mother. He began learning to play 3 violin when he was 20 years old. In the beginning, his violin was so cheap and badly made that he 4 not play it well. His friends laughed at him. Xian did not stop 5 and soon showed his talent. In 1934, he was one of the first Chinese students who studied in a special music school in Paris. Before he 6 , Xian became the school’s best student and won several prizes for his talents. In 1935, he returned to China and helped fight against the Japanese army. Later, he came to Yan’ an 7 music at a college. 8 there were no pianos in Yan’ an at that time, Xian still wrote some of his most important music there, including The Yellow River, his most famous work. In May 1940, Xian was sent to the Soviet Union (苏联) by the Communist Party of China to write music for movies. In the Soviet Union, life was very 9 . Xian got sick and later died of a lung illness 10 October 30,1945, aged only 40. Xian’s music, however, lives on in the people’s hearts. 1. A．near B．nearly C．nearer 2. A．he B．him C．his 3. A．a B．an C．the 4. A．could B．would C．should 5. A．attending B．practising C．realising 6. A．leave B．leaves C．left 7. A．to teach B．taught C．teaching 8. A．If B．Although C．When 9. A．hard B．harder C．hardest 10. A．at B．in C．on 【答案】 1. B 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. C 7. A 8. B 9. A 10. C 【导语】本文主要介绍音乐家冼星海的生平、求学与创作历程，讲述他创作经典乐曲、为中国革命音乐事业作出贡献的事迹。 【详解】1. 句意：在他短暂的一生中，他创作了将近300首歌曲以及一部歌剧。 这里要表达“将近300首歌曲”，选nearly“几乎、将近”，修饰数量，符合句意。near“在附近”、nearer是near的比较级，都不符合。 2. 句意：由于父亲在他出生前就离世了，冼星海和他的母亲四处迁居。 此空作定语，修饰后面的名词mother，需用形容词性物主代词his表示“他的”。he“他”，是主格人称代词；him“他”，是宾格人称代词，都不能直接修饰名词。 3. 句意：他20岁时开始学习拉小提琴。 play the violin“拉小提琴”，是固定搭配。英语里表示演奏某类乐器的固定结构是“play + the + 乐器名词”。 4. 句意：起初，他的小提琴如此廉价、做工粗糙，以至于他无法顺畅演奏。 前文提到他的小提琴很便宜做工很差，所以“没办法把它拉好”，could“能够”是can的过去式，could not表示过去“不能”，符合文意。would表意愿、should表“应该”，都不符合。 5. 句意：冼星海没有停止练习，很快就展现出自己的天赋。 前文说朋友都嘲笑他，后文说他很快展现了天赋，说明他没有停止“练习”，practising“练习”，符合文意。attending“参加”、realising“意识到”，都不符合。 6. 句意：在他离开前，冼成为学校最优秀的学生，并且凭借自身才华斩获多个奖项。 整篇文章讲述的是过去发生的事，时态为一般过去时，需用leave的过去式形式left。 7. 句意：后来，他来到延安的一所大学教音乐。 此处作目的状语，需用teach的动词不定式形式to teach。 taught是谓语，teaching不能表目的。 8. 句意：虽然当时延安没有钢琴，但冼星海依然在那里写出了他一些最重要的音乐作品，包括《黄河大合唱》，他最出名的作品。 此处逻辑是“虽然当时延安没有钢琴，但冼星海依然在那里写出了他一些最重要的音乐作品”。选Although““虽然、尽管”，引导让步状语从句，符合逻辑；If“如果”，表假设；When“当……的时候”，表时间。 9. 句意：在苏联，生活非常艰苦。 此处没有比较含义，直接用形容词原级hard“艰苦”，作表语。 10. 句意：冼星海身染疾病，后来在1945年10月30日因肺病离世，年仅40岁。 October 30,1945是具体日期，用介词on。at用于具体时刻，in用于年/月/季节等大范围时间。 五、短文填空 Passage 3 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Everyone has a hero in his heart. The hero in my heart is Yuan Longping, who is a great Chinese farmer. He is known 1 “the Father of Hybrid Rice”. (杂交水稻之父) Yuan Longping was born 2 September 7th, 1930. He studied much 3   (hard) than others when he was young. After graduating from college in 1953, he became 4 teacher in an agricultural (农业的) school. In 1960, Yuan Longping saw many people die of hunger, so he made a 5 (decide) to do some research into a new kind of rice, hybrid rice. After fifteen years of hard work, Yuan Longping with his students made a great wonder in 1975, feeding nearly 20% of the world’s population with less than 9% of the world’s farmland. So far, over 100 6 (country) in Asia, Africa and America 7 (grow) hybrid rice. Many people look up to Yuan Longping because he spent all his life 8 (work) for people on the earth. 9 he has been dead, we will never forget him. His spirit always encourages us to try our best to serve 10 (we) motherland. There is no doubt that Yuan Longping is a great hero. 【答案】 1. as 2. on 3. harder 4. a 5. decision 6. countries 7. have grown 8. working 9. Although 10. our 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍作者心中的英雄袁隆平，讲述他的人生经历、杂交水稻科研成就，赞美他毕生为民奉献的崇高精神。 【详解】1. 句意：他被誉为“杂交水稻之父”。固定搭配be known as，表示“作为……而出名”，后接身份、称号。 2. 句意：袁隆平出生于1930年9月7日。在具体的日期前面，介词要用on。 3. 句意：年轻时他学习比其他人刻苦得多。句中有比较级标志词than，much修饰比较级，hard的比较级为harder。 4. 句意：1953年大学毕业后，他成为一所农业学校的老师。teacher是可数名词单数，发音以辅音音素开头，表示泛指一名，用不定冠词a。 5. 句意：1960年，袁隆平看到很多人死于饥饿，于是他决定研究一种新型水稻——杂交水稻。冠词a后面接名词，动词decide需要变为名词decision，固定搭配make a decision表示“做决定”。 6. 句意：迄今为止，亚洲、非洲和美洲有100多个国家种植杂交水稻。数词100后接可数名词复数，country的复数形式是countries。 7. 句意：迄今为止，亚洲、非洲和美洲有100多个国家种植杂交水稻。so far意为“到目前为止”，是现在完成时标志词，主语over 100 countries是复数，使用have+过去分词，grow的过去分词为grown，故填have grown。 8. 句意：很多人敬仰袁隆平，因为他穷尽一生为世上人民奋斗。固定结构spend all one’s life (in) doing sth.，表示“花费一生做某事”，介词in可以省略，后面接动名词，work的动名词形式为working。 9. 句意：尽管他已经离世，我们永远不会忘记他。前后两句为让步关系，连词Although引导让步状语从句，放在句首首字母大写。 10. 句意：他的精神总是鼓励我们尽全力为我们的祖国服务。修饰名词motherland要用形容词性物主代词，we对应的形容词性物主代词为our。 Passage 4 Who would have thought that Albert Einstein, 1 famous German - American scientist from the early  1900s, would make it into the news these days? But that’s 2 (exact) what happened. Recently, his handwritten work notes about the theory of relativity (相对论) went up for auction (拍卖). Einstein, along with an 3 (Italy) engineer Michele Besso, worked together for several years on a scientific paper. They hoped to come up 4 a mathematical equation (数学方程式) to explain the theory of relativity. It 5 (involve) the factors of energy, mass and light. They ran into 6 (problem) and stopped working on it, but Besso saved the written papers anyway. Einstein didn’t successfully finish the work 7 he realized that gravity also needed to be considered. He finally published a paper about it on his own in 1915. After all these years, the 54 pages of notes were recently put up for auction at Christie’s (佳士得拍卖行) in Paris. The buyer’s name was not released, but the manuscript (手稿) is one of 8 (expensive) scientific papers ever bought. One has to wonder 9 the owner is going to do with those notes. Frame them? Keep them in a vault (保险库)? Resell them 10 (make) even more money? Only time will tell. 【答案】 1. a 2. exactly 3. Italian 4. with 5. involved 6. problems 7. until 8. the most expensive 9. what 10. to make 【导语】本文讲述了爱因斯坦与意大利工程师贝索合作研究相对论方程未果，但贝索保留了手稿。后来爱因斯坦在加入引力因素后成功发表论文。多年后，这份54页的手稿在巴黎佳士得拍卖，成为史上最贵的科学手稿之一，买家身份不明，其用途引人遐想。 【详解】1. 句意：谁会想到，阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦——这位20世纪初著名的德裔美国科学家——如今竟会登上新闻呢？ 此处需要不定冠词修饰单数可数名词“scientist”，表示“一位著名的科学家”，且“famous”以辅音音素开头，用a符合语法结构。 2. 句意：但这恰恰就是所发生的事。空格修饰动词“happened”，需用副词形式，exact的副词形式是exactly，表示“确切地、恰恰”。 3. 句意：爱因斯坦与一位意大利工程师米凯莱·贝索合作多年，共同撰写一篇科学论文。修饰名词engineer用形容词，Italy的形容词形式是Italian，表示“意大利的”。 4. 句意：他们希望能提出一个数学方程式来解释相对论。“come up with”为固定短语，意为“提出、想出”。 5. 句意：它涉及能量、质量和光等因素。描述过去的事情（他们合作时期），用一般过去时，involve的过去式是involved。 6. 句意：他们遇到了问题，便停止了这项工作，但贝索还是保留了写好的手稿。结合句意，他们遇到的问题不止一个，用复数名词，problem的复数形式是problems。 7. 句意：爱因斯坦直到意识到引力也需要考虑在内，才成功完成了这项工作。“not...until...”结构表示“直到……才”，引导时间状语从句。 8. 句意：这份手稿是有史以来被购买的最昂贵的科学论文之一。“one of + 形容词最高级 + 复数名词”表示“最……之一”，此处用expensive的最高级the most expensive。 9. 句意：人们不禁要问，手稿的主人打算拿这些笔记做什么。wonder后接宾语从句，从句中“do”缺少宾语，且指物，用连接代词what引导宾语从句。 10. 句意：转卖它们以赚取更多钱？ 结合句意，转卖它们的目的是赚取更多的钱，此处用不定式to make作目的状语。 六、选词填空 Passage 5 从方框中选择适当的单词或其适当形式填入空白处，每词限用一次 brave hard-working positive curious devoted creative admire winner physics honorable Great people share many qualities that we can learn from. Helen Keller, who was blind and deaf, remained 1 about life and wrote inspiring books. Qian Xuesen, the father of Chinese rocket science, made 2 contributions to China’s missile program. Liu Hulan was a 3 young soldier who gave up her life for her country. Yuan Longping, the father of rice science, worked tirelessly in rice planting and his 4 efforts fed billions of people. Wang Jinxi was a 5 oil worker who helped with the nation’s difficult tasks. Albert Einstein was 6 about science and won the Nobel Prize in 7 . These people are truly 8 . We 9 them for their spirit and achievements. They are all 10 in their own fields. 【答案】 1. positive 2. creative 3. brave 4. hard-working 5. devoted 6. curious 7. physics 8. honorable 9. admire 10. winners 【导语】本文介绍了伟人身上的优秀品质。 【详解】1. 句意：海伦·凯勒虽盲聋，但对生活保持积极态度。remain后接形容词，此处应该是“积极的”，符合她写励志书的语境，positive about life为常用搭配。 2. 句意：钱学森为中国导弹计划做出了创造性贡献。根据句意，此处应该是“创造性的”，修饰contributions，科学家通常对应创造性贡献。 3. 句意：刘胡兰是一位勇敢的年轻战士，为国捐躯。根据句意，牺牲生命体现勇敢品质，此处应该是brave“勇敢的”。 4. 句意：袁隆平不知疲倦地工作，他勤劳的努力养活了数十亿人。根据句意，此处应该是“勤劳的”，hard-working efforts表示付出勤劳努力，符合tirelessly的语境。 5. 句意：王进喜是一位甘于奉献的石油工人。根据句意。此处应该是devoted“奉献的”，王进喜是“铁人”，以奉献著称。 6. 句意：爱因斯坦对科学很好奇。根据句意，此处应该是curious“好奇的”，be curious about是固定搭配，符合科学家特质。 7. 句意：获得诺贝尔物理学奖。根据常识，此处应该是physics“物理”，爱因斯坦获诺贝尔物理学奖是常识。 8. 句意：这些人真是可敬。综合前文，此处应该是honorable“可敬的”，是对上述伟人品质的总结评价。 9. 句意：我们钦佩他们的精神和成就。根据句意，此处应该是“钦佩”。We后接动词原形作谓语，admire sb. for sth.符合语境。 10. 句意：他们在各自领域都是赢家。根据句意，此处应该是“赢家”。They are all后接复数名词，故将方框中的winner变为复数winners。 Passage 6 阅读短文，从方框中选出恰当的单词并用其适当形式填空，使短文通顺、意义完整。每空仅填一词，每词仅用一次。 increase   although   thank   remember   kind   farm   spend   research   popular   special Watermelons are 1 around the world. Nearly 70% of them have entered the stomachs of Chinese people. When sitting in the room eating watermelons freely, we should 2 our melon queen (女王)—Wu Mingzhu. Wu Mingzhu was born in January 1930 in Wuhan City, Hubei Province. It was hard to believe that Wu Mingzhu would do 3 work on the melon land. After finishing her studies in university, she went to Xinjiang to begin her 4 on melons. She and the whole team 5 3 years travelling to the melon lands there. By 1962, they had visited more than 300 production (生产) teams. Their handwritten information has over five million words. According to the information, they saved many endangered melons. In 1973, Wu Mingzhu went to Hainan. 6 the conditions there were even more difficult than those in Xinjiang, she never gave up. She kept thinking about what to do to 7 the growing speed. Because of her hard work, Wu Mingzhu has developed many different 8 of melons. 9 to her, we can eat melons as we want, instead of only eating them during festivals or on 10 days. So don’t forget our melon queen. 【答案】 1. popular 2. remember 3. farm 4. research 5. spent 6. Although 7. increase 8. kinds 9. Thanks 10. special 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了“西瓜女王”吴明珠的生平事迹及其致力于西瓜研究、培育新品种，让中国人能自由吃西瓜的贡献。 【详解】1. 句意：西瓜在世界各地很受欢迎。根据下文“Nearly 70% of them have entered the stomachs of Chinese people.”可知西瓜很“受欢迎”，故填popular。 2. 句意：我们应该记住我们的西瓜女王。should为情态动词，后接动词原形，根据后文“don’t forget”可知此处指“记住”，故填remember。 3. 句意：很难相信吴明珠会在瓜地里做农活。farm work为固定搭配，意为“农活”，故填farm。 4. 句意：她去新疆开始她对西瓜的研究。her为形容词性物主代词，后接名词，research意为“研究”，故填research。 5. 句意：她和整个团队花了3年时间在那里往返瓜地。根据“…3 years travelling”可知，花费“spend”三年时间；全文叙述过去的事情，用一般过去时，故填spent。 6. 句意：虽然那里的条件比新疆更艰苦，但她从未放弃。前后句为让步关系，且位于句首首字母需大写，故填Although。 7. 句意：她一直在思考做什么来提高生长速度。根据“…the growing speed”可知，提高“increase”速度；to为不定式符号，后接动词原形表目的，故填increase。 8. 句意：吴明珠培育了许多不同种类的西瓜。根据“many different…of melons”可知，不同种类“kind”的西瓜；many different后接可数名词复数，故填kinds。 9. 句意：多亏了她，我们可以想吃就吃西瓜。Thanks to为固定搭配，意为“多亏”，句首首字母大写，故填Thanks。 10. 句意：而不是只在节日或特殊日子吃它们。根据“festivals or on…days”可知，特殊的“special”日子；形容词修饰名词days，故填special。 3 / 16乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $单元核心语法精练 Unit 6 From Nobody to Somebody （新教材仁爱版） （前缀 en- 和定语从句（who 和 whom 引导）） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 表格梳理了前缀 en- 的构词规律、核心例词与固定搭配，以及定语从句（who 和 whom 引导）的基本概念、用法区分与中考易错点，清晰呈现前缀构词与指人关系代词的选词规则。 语法模块 内容 结构 / 规则 典型例句及翻译 前缀 en- 基本含义 en- 加在形容词或名词前构成动词，表示“使……；使拥有/陷入” able→enable（使能够）；courage→encourage（鼓励）；large→enlarge（扩大） 构词规则 en- + 形容词：able→enable、rich→enrich、sure→ensure；en- + 名词：courage→encourage、danger→endanger、large→enlarge large→enlarge（扩大）；rich→enrich（使丰富） 核心例词 enable / enlarge / enrich / ensure / encourage / endanger Good books can enrich our minds.（好书能丰富我们的思想。） 固定搭配 enable sb. to do sth. 使某人能够做某事；encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 The app enables us to learn anytime.（这款应用使我们能随时学习。） 易错提醒 enjoy、enter 中的 en 不是前缀，是单词本身的一部分，不表示“使”，不能拆分为 en + joy / en + ter enjoy 整体是独立单词，意为“享受” 定语从句（who 和 whom 引导） 基本概念 修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，被修饰的词叫先行词；关系代词 who/whom 指人并连接主从句 The boy who helped me is my deskmate.（帮我的那个男孩是我的同桌。） who 的用法 who 指人，在从句中作主语，可与 that 互换；常见于 Anyone who… / Those who… 句型 Those who want to go sign up here.（想去的人在这里报名。） whom 的用法 whom 指人，在从句中作宾语，可与 that 互换，口语中常省略或用 who 代替 The man (whom) you met is Mr. Li.（你遇到的那位男士是李先生。） 介词 + whom 介词提前时只能用“介词 + whom”，不能用 who 或 that The person to whom you spoke is Mr. Depp.（你与之说话的那个人是德普先生。） 中考易错 从句缺主语用 who；缺宾语用 whom/who；介词前置时只用 whom；whose 指人/物，作定语 The girl whose handwriting is beautiful studies hard.（书法漂亮的女孩学习努力。） 使用注意事项 1. 前缀 en- 构成动词：加在形容词或名词前，表示“使……；使拥有/陷入”，如 able→enable（使能够）、large→enlarge（扩大）、rich→enrich（使丰富）。 2. 名词加 en-：courage→encourage（鼓励）、danger→endanger（危及）、sure→ensure（确保），构成动词后常接 sb. to do sth.。 3. 易错区分：enjoy、enter 中的 en 并非前缀，而是单词本身的一部分，不表示“使”，不能拆分为 en + joy / en + ter 来理解。 4. 关系代词 who 与 whom 均指人：who 在从句中作主语（如 The boy who helped me），whom 作宾语（如 the man whom you met）。 5. who 与 whom 的替换：作宾语时 whom 可与 who / that 互换，口语中常省略或用 who 代替；但介词提前时只能用“介词 + whom”（如 the person to whom you spoke）。 6. 与 that 的互通：who / whom 指人时均可与 that 互换（作宾语可省略），但“介词 + 关系代词”结构中只能用 whom，不能用 that；whose 指人/物，在从句中作定语。 一、单项选择 1．The new machine will ______ the workers to finish the task much faster. A．enable B．enlarge C．enrich D．encourage 2．We should ______ the children to face challenges bravely instead of running away. A．ensure B．encourage C．enlarge D．enrich 3．Planting more trees can ______ the environment and make our city much greener. A．enlarge B．enrich C．endanger D．enable 4．The well-designed bridge will ______ people to cross the river more easily every day. A．ensure B．enable C．encourage D．enlarge 5．Cutting down forests will ______ many wild animals that live there. A．endanger B．enlarge C．enrich D．enable 6．The young scientist ______ discovered the new planet is from our school. A．which B．who C．whom D．whose 7．The old friend ______ I met at the school party is now a famous writer. A．who B．whom C．which D．whose 8．The teacher ______ you just spoke is very patient with every student. A．who B．that C．to whom D．to who 9．Those ______ want to join the volunteers can sign up here after class. A．which B．who C．whom D．whose 10．We all admire the girl ______ handwriting is the most beautiful in our class. A．who B．whom C．whose D．which 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1．Good books can ______ (rich) our knowledge and make us think more deeply. 2．The new technology will ______ (able) ordinary people to work more efficiently at home. 3．Teachers should ______ (courage) students to ask questions and think independently. 4．We must take steps to ______ (sure) the safety of every passenger on the bus. 5．Reading more stories can ______ (large) our view of the wider world. 6．Polluting the river will ______ (danger) the fish and plants living in it. 7．The new policy will ______ (sure) that every child gets a fair education. 8．His moving speech ______ (courage) thousands of young people to follow their dreams. 9．We can ______ (rich) our school life by joining different clubs and activities. 10．Careless driving may ______ (danger) the lives of many people on the road. 三、按要求完成句子 1．他创办了一个使村民能够学习急救的项目。 He started a project ______ ______ villagers to learn first aid. 2．屠呦呦是第一位获得诺贝尔奖的中国女性。 Tu Youyou is the first Chinese woman ______ ______ the Nobel Prize. 3．父母总是鼓励孩子参加挑战性活动。 Parents always ______ their kids ______ join in challenging activities. 4．这项新法律将确保乘客的安全。 The new law will ______ the ______ of the passengers. 5．新机器使普通人能够更高效地工作。 The new machine ______ ordinary people ______ work more efficiently. 6．我们能使我们的学校生活更加丰富。 We can ______ our school life more ______. 7．Her mother encouraged her little brother to keep trying.（对划线部分提问） ________ encouraged her little brother to keep trying? 8．那部小说丰富了英国文学。 The novel has ______ English literature. 9．许海峰是中国历史上第一位获得奥运金牌的运动员。 Xu Haifeng is the first Chinese athlete ______ won an Olympic gold medal in history. 10．你刚才和他说话的那个人已经离开了。 The person ______ you just talked ______ has already left. 四、完形填空 Passage 1 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Xian Xinghai was a very famous musician in China. He wrote one of the greatest pieces of music of the 20th century. In his short life he wrote 1 300 songs and an opera. Xian was born in Macau, China in 1905. Because his father died before he was born, Xian moved from place to place with 2 mother. He began learning to play the violin when he was 13 years old. In the beginning, his violin was 3 cheap and badly made that he could not play it well. His friends laughed at him. Xian did not stop 4 and soon showed his talent. In 1934, he was one of the first Chinese students 5 studied in a special music school in Paris. Before he left, Xian became the school’s best student 6 won several prizes for his talents. In 1935, he returned to China and helped fight against the Japanese army. Later, he came to Yan’an 7 music at a college. Although there were no pianos in Yan’an at that time, Xian still wrote 8 of his most important music there, including The Yellow River Cantata, his most famous work. In May 1940, Xian 9 to the Soviet Union by the Chinese Communist Party to write music for movies. In the Soviet Union, his life was very hard. Xian got sick and later died of a lung illness 10 October 30, 1945, aged only 40. Xian’s music, however, lives on in the people’s hearts. 1. A．near B．nearly C．nearby 2. A．he B．him C．his 3. A．so B．such C．very 4. A．practise B．practising C．to practise 5. A．who B．which C．whom 6. A．and B．but C．as 7. A．to teach B．taught C．teaching 8. A．any B．little C．some 9. A．sent B．was sent C．has sent 10. A．at B．in C．on Passage 2 阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Xian Xinghai was a very famous musician in China. He wrote one of the greatest pieces of music of the 20th century. In his short life he wrote 1 300songs and an opera. Xian was born in Panyu, Guangdong, China in 1905. Because his father died before he was born, Xian moved from place to place with 2 mother. He began learning to play 3 violin when he was 20 years old. In the beginning, his violin was so cheap and badly made that he 4 not play it well. His friends laughed at him. Xian did not stop 5 and soon showed his talent. In 1934, he was one of the first Chinese students who studied in a special music school in Paris. Before he 6 , Xian became the school’s best student and won several prizes for his talents. In 1935, he returned to China and helped fight against the Japanese army. Later, he came to Yan’ an 7 music at a college. 8 there were no pianos in Yan’ an at that time, Xian still wrote some of his most important music there, including The Yellow River, his most famous work. In May 1940, Xian was sent to the Soviet Union (苏联) by the Communist Party of China to write music for movies. In the Soviet Union, life was very 9 . Xian got sick and later died of a lung illness 10 October 30,1945, aged only 40. Xian’s music, however, lives on in the people’s hearts. 1. A．near B．nearly C．nearer 2. A．he B．him C．his 3. A．a B．an C．the 4. A．could B．would C．should 5. A．attending B．practising C．realising 6. A．leave B．leaves C．left 7. A．to teach B．taught C．teaching 8. A．If B．Although C．When 9. A．hard B．harder C．hardest 10. A．at B．in C．on 五、短文填空 Passage 3 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Everyone has a hero in his heart. The hero in my heart is Yuan Longping, who is a great Chinese farmer. He is known 1 “the Father of Hybrid Rice”. (杂交水稻之父) Yuan Longping was born 2 September 7th, 1930. He studied much 3   (hard) than others when he was young. After graduating from college in 1953, he became 4 teacher in an agricultural (农业的) school. In 1960, Yuan Longping saw many people die of hunger, so he made a 5 (decide) to do some research into a new kind of rice, hybrid rice. After fifteen years of hard work, Yuan Longping with his students made a great wonder in 1975, feeding nearly 20% of the world’s population with less than 9% of the world’s farmland. So far, over 100 6 (country) in Asia, Africa and America 7 (grow) hybrid rice. Many people look up to Yuan Longping because he spent all his life 8 (work) for people on the earth. 9 he has been dead, we will never forget him. His spirit always encourages us to try our best to serve 10 (we) motherland. There is no doubt that Yuan Longping is a great hero. Passage 4 Who would have thought that Albert Einstein, 1 famous German - American scientist from the early  1900s, would make it into the news these days? But that’s 2 (exact) what happened. Recently, his handwritten work notes about the theory of relativity (相对论) went up for auction (拍卖). Einstein, along with an 3 (Italy) engineer Michele Besso, worked together for several years on a scientific paper. They hoped to come up 4 a mathematical equation (数学方程式) to explain the theory of relativity. It 5 (involve) the factors of energy, mass and light. They ran into 6 (problem) and stopped working on it, but Besso saved the written papers anyway. Einstein didn’t successfully finish the work 7 he realized that gravity also needed to be considered. He finally published a paper about it on his own in 1915. After all these years, the 54 pages of notes were recently put up for auction at Christie’s (佳士得拍卖行) in Paris. The buyer’s name was not released, but the manuscript (手稿) is one of 8 (expensive) scientific papers ever bought. One has to wonder 9 the owner is going to do with those notes. Frame them? Keep them in a vault (保险库)? Resell them 10 (make) even more money? Only time will tell. 六、选词填空 Passage 5 从方框中选择适当的单词或其适当形式填入空白处，每词限用一次 brave hard-working positive curious devoted creative admire winner physics honorable Great people share many qualities that we can learn from. Helen Keller, who was blind and deaf, remained 1 about life and wrote inspiring books. Qian Xuesen, the father of Chinese rocket science, made 2 contributions to China’s missile program. Liu Hulan was a 3 young soldier who gave up her life for her country. Yuan Longping, the father of rice science, worked tirelessly in rice planting and his 4 efforts fed billions of people. Wang Jinxi was a 5 oil worker who helped with the nation’s difficult tasks. Albert Einstein was 6 about science and won the Nobel Prize in 7 . These people are truly 8 . We 9 them for their spirit and achievements. They are all 10 in their own fields. Passage 6 阅读短文，从方框中选出恰当的单词并用其适当形式填空，使短文通顺、意义完整。每空仅填一词，每词仅用一次。 increase   although   thank   remember   kind   farm   spend   research   popular   special Watermelons are 1 around the world. Nearly 70% of them have entered the stomachs of Chinese people. When sitting in the room eating watermelons freely, we should 2 our melon queen (女王)—Wu Mingzhu. Wu Mingzhu was born in January 1930 in Wuhan City, Hubei Province. It was hard to believe that Wu Mingzhu would do 3 work on the melon land. After finishing her studies in university, she went to Xinjiang to begin her 4 on melons. She and the whole team 5 3 years travelling to the melon lands there. By 1962, they had visited more than 300 production (生产) teams. Their handwritten information has over five million words. According to the information, they saved many endangered melons. In 1973, Wu Mingzhu went to Hainan. 6 the conditions there were even more difficult than those in Xinjiang, she never gave up. She kept thinking about what to do to 7 the growing speed. Because of her hard work, Wu Mingzhu has developed many different 8 of melons. 9 to her, we can eat melons as we want, instead of only eating them during festivals or on 10 days. So don’t forget our melon queen. 6 / 8乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $