Unit 5 Path to a Better World后缀-ty,-ity和定语从句（that和which引导（核心语法精练）-【简语法-单元核心语法精练】2026～2027学年仁爱科普版英语九年级上册

该初中英语学习任务单以Unit 5“Path to a Better World”为主题，聚焦后缀-ty/-ity构词规则和that/which引导的定语从句，通过表格系统梳理语法规则、核心例词及易错点，设计“核心语法回顾-专项能力突破-解题综合提升”递进式学习路径，构建完整的语法知识体系与应用逻辑。 亮点在于融合思维导图可视化语法框架，分层设置单选、填空、完形等题型，结合科技、环保等真实语境任务（如完形填空“3D打印创业”“北斗导航系统”），培养语言能力（语法准确应用）、思维品质（规则辨析与语境推断）和学习能力（易错点总结），支持学生深度学习，为教师单元复习提供系统教学方案。

单元核心语法精练 Unit 5 Path to a Better World （新教材仁爱版） （后缀 -ty,-ity 和定语从句（that 和 which 引导）） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 表格梳理了后缀 -ty/-ity 的构词规则、核心例词与易错拼写，以及定语从句（that 和 which 引导）的基本概念、用法区分与中考易错点，清晰呈现词性转换规律与从句选词规则。 语法模块 内容 结构 / 规则 典型例句及翻译 后缀 -ty / -ity 基本含义 形容词 + -ty / -ity → 抽象名词，表示“性质、状态、程度、特征”，多为不可数名词 safe→safety（安全）；real→reality（现实） 构词规则 -ty：部分保留 y 直接加 ty；词尾 t/te 去 e 加 ty；词尾 le→li + ty；-ble→bility。-ity：多音节形容词去 e + ity（possible→possibility、able→ability） high→height、long→length 两个拼写特殊 核心例词 safe→safety；possible→possibility；able→ability；real→reality；pure→purity；reliable→reliability；national→nationality；diverse→diversity Practice improves our ability to learn.（练习提升我们学习的能力。） 易错提醒 -ty/-ity 构成的抽象名词一般不可数，谓语用单数；固定搭配 in safety（安全地）、tell the truth（说实话） activity 表示“具体活动”时可复数 词性转换联动 achieve→achievable→achievement；rely→reliable→reliability；accept→acceptable→acceptability（与 Unit 4 衔接） 形成完整的词性转换体系 定语从句（that 和 which 引导） 基本概念 修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，被修饰的词叫先行词；关系代词 that/which 连接主从句并充当成分 A plane is a machine that can fly.（飞机是能飞的机器。） 关系代词用法 that：人或物，作主/宾；which：物，作主/宾；作宾语时可省略 The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.（我给你的那本书值10美元。） 只用 that 先行词为不定代词（anything/nothing/all 等）；被最高级或序数词修饰；被 the only/very/last/same 等修饰；先行词既有人又有物 This is the best film (that) I have ever seen.（这是我看过最好的电影。） 只用 which 引导非限制性定语从句（主从句间有逗号）；用于“介词 + 关系代词”结构（in which、for which 等） He passed the exam, which made us excited.（他通过了考试，这让我们很兴奋。） 中考易错 which 不能用于指人；that/which 指物时在主语、宾语位置可互换，但上述特定场合有强制区分 The person to whom you spoke is Mr. Depp.（介词后用 whom） 使用注意事项 1. -ty/-ity 后缀：形容词加 -ty/-ity 变为抽象名词，表示“性质、状态、程度”，如 safe→safety、possible→possibility，中考常用于词性转换填空与短文填空。 2. 拼写易错：high→height、long→length 两个词拼写特殊，不能直接照搬形容词；以 -ble 结尾的形容词变名词为 -bility（possible→possibility）。 3. 数的特征：-ty/-ity 构成的抽象名词一般不可数，谓语用单数；但 activity 表示“具体活动”时可作复数。 4. 关系代词 that 与 which：均指物时在主语、宾语位置可互换（作宾语可省略）；that 还可指人，which 只能指物。 5. 只用 that 的场合：先行词为不定代词（anything、nothing、all 等）、被最高级或序数词修饰、被 the only/the very/the last 等修饰，或先行词既有人又有物时。 6. 只用 which 的场合：引导非限制性定语从句（主句与从句间有逗号）；用于“介词 + 关系代词”结构（如 in which、for which），此时不能用 that。 一、单项选择 1．Modern science has greatly improved our living ______. A．safe B．safety C．safely D．save 2．There is a strong ______ that our team will win the basketball match. A．possible B．possibility C．possibly D．impossibly 3．I like the story ______ my grandfather told me during the holiday. A．who B．which C．what D．whom 4．This is the most interesting novel ______ I have read this year. A．which B．that C．who D．what 5．He passed the final exam, ______ made his parents very proud. A．that B．which C．who D．what 6．The small town ______ he lived for ten years is now a popular tourist place. A．which B．that C．in which D．in that 7．Is there anything ______ I can do to help you with the project? A．which B．that C．who D．what 8．We should face ______ and work hard instead of daydreaming. A．real B．really C．reality D．realize 9．Daily practice can improve our ______ to solve problems by ourselves. A．able B．ability C．unable D．enable 10．The people and the things ______ we met during the trip were truly unforgettable. A．which B．that C．who D．whom 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1．We should try to improve the ______ (safe) of the children on the school bus. 2．There is no ______ (possible) that the heavy rain will stop before the match. 3．Modern machines give us great ______ (able) to explore the unknown world. 4．The ______ (real) of his childhood dream came true when he became a pilot. 5．Scientists are studying the ______ (pure) of the water in the mountain lake. 6．We should treat everyone with ______ (equal) and respect in a fair society. 7．The ______ (diverse) of cultures around the world makes our life colorful. 8．His ______ (rely) on his close friends helped him get through the hard times. 9．It is a ______ (certain) that spring will return after a cold winter. 10．Students from different ______ (nation) took part in the international speech contest. 三、按要求完成句子 1．安全在我们的日常生活中非常重要。 ______ is very important in our daily life. 2．这是我从上海坐过的最快的火车。 This is the fastest train ______ I have ever taken from Shanghai. 3．我相信这总有一天会变成现实。 I am sure this will ________ ________ reality one day. 4．政府确保了暴风雪期间人民的安全。 The government made sure of people's ________ during the snowstorm. 5．这是杰克发明的那台机器。 This is the machine ______ Jack invented last year. 6．创造力在技术领域非常重要。 ________ is very important in the field of technology. 7．我们很有可能在英语学习方面取得进步。 There is a strong ________ that we will make progress in English. 8．He will visit the new science museum next Sunday.（对划线部分提问） ________ ________ he visit the new science museum? 9．We should always tell the truth.（对划线部分提问） ________ should we always ________? 10．虚拟现实是一种在虚拟环境中创造真实世界副本的技术。 Virtual reality is a technology ________ creates a copy of the real world in a virtual environment. 四、完形填空 Passage 1 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 While most 10-year-olds are spending their free time playing video games, Ernesto is busy running his own 3D printing business and dreaming of buying his mom a house someday. Inside a small workshop at home, Ernesto spends his days 1 and printing colourful creations including model planes, can openers, and things meant to help people dealing with stress. The 2 first took shape just a few months ago when Ernesto told his mother he wanted to make money through 3D printing. Instead of 3 buying him a machine, she encouraged him to work and save for it himself. After 4 $500, Ernesto bought his first printer and started Prestige 3D Labs. He taught himself how to create custom designs by watching online courses and quickly 5 there was real demand (需求) for his products. Business has grown fast and his 6 are becoming more and more popular. Ernesto says he has already made around $1,500, and demand became so strong that he 7 with a local clothing store to help sell his products. Now, three printers run regularly to keep up with 8 coming in from across the Rio Grande Valley. For Ernesto’s mother, the 9 has become more than just a way for her son to make money. It has also become valuable time spent together. She says balancing school, football practice, and a growing business can sometimes be 10 for Ernesto, but she believes the experience is teaching him lessons that will last a lifetime. 1. A．finding B．writing C．designing 2. A．idea B．habit C．rule 3. A．generally B．simply C．exactly 4. A．saving B．donating C．borrowing 5. A．explained B．realised C．reminded 6. A．printers B．courses C．creations 7. A．partnered B．compared C．travelled 8. A．gifts B．orders C．toys 9. A．business B．show C．game 10. A．normal B．dangerous C．stressful Passage 2 阅读下面短文，从每小题所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳答案。 The Lost-and-Found Camera Students at Heping School developed a camera system that matched lost objects with photos posted by their owners. At first, the result seemed 1 : the system found a blue bottle even when the owner’s photo showed only half of it. Problems appeared during a real test. The program often confused identical black umbrellas. It also gave a high match score to any red bag, although shape and size were 2 . More seriously, a test photo included a student’s face in the background. The team had built an object finder, but they had also created a system that could collect 3 information. The students changed both the technology and the rules. Faces and name tags were automatically covered before a photo was 4 . Images stayed on the school computer instead of being sent to an outside service. A match was shown as a 5 , not a final decision. Staff still checked where and when the object had been found. To improve 6 , the team added side views and size markers. Yet they refused to train the program on secretly collected photos. Fewer images meant slower improvement, but consent was treated as part of the design rather than a delay. The revised system recovered 63 percent of test objects. That number was lower than the first exciting claim, which had counted several wrong matches. The team presented both the 7 and the failures at the science fair. Their project did not win the “Most Powerful Technology” prize. It received an award for responsible problem-solving. The students learned that a better tool is not simply one that can do more. It is one 8 purpose is clear, 9 limits are reported and whose users keep a meaningful 10 in the final decision. 1. A．private B．ordinary C．impressive 2. A．different B．equal C．safe 3. A．natural B．personal C．public 4. A．stored B．drawn C．returned 5. A．promise B．record C．suggestion 6. A．ability B．accuracy C．activity 7. A．prices B．names C．successes 8. A．whose B．which C．what 9. A．its B．whose C．their 10. A．voice B．picture C．secret 五、短文填空 Passage 3 阅读下面短文，根据语境或括号内提示填入一个适当的词或所给词的正确形式。 A Crosswalk That Waits The crosswalk outside Zhonghe Hospital has a button 1 allows people to request extra crossing time. It was designed for users 2 movement may be slow, including older people and patients with injuries. The system uses a small card 3 the hospital gives to patients who need it. When the card is held near the button, the green-light period is extended by twelve seconds. No name 4 location history is stored. The card simply sends a signal that means “more time needed.” During the first trial, the 5 (sensitive) of the reader was too low. Users had to hold the card in exactly the right place. Engineers changed the antenna, which improved its 6 (reliable). They also added a normal button for people 7 do not have a card but still need help. The crosswalk is a technology 8 success depends on more than electronics. Clear road markings, patient drivers and rules 9 are enforced all matter. The project shows that a smart city is not only a city that moves quickly. It is one 10 notices when some people need more time. Passage 4 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 China’s Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) is one of the best navigation systems in the world. 1 the early 1980s, the world depended 2 America’s GPS for navigation. However, in 1994, China decided to develop 3 (it) own system. A research team worked day and night, doing experiments, running tests, and 4 (solve) technological problems. In 2003, BDS-1 was put into use, which marked the beginning of China’s three-step BDS strategy. The second step was to include more countries in China’s BDS. 5 (experience) engineers worked closely with younger ones. In 2012, BDS-2 was completed and its services 6 (cover) the Asia-Pacific area. Starting in 2015, Chinese scientists aimed to make BDS work well at a 7 (globe) level. In 2020, BDS-3 was completed and began 8 (provide) services around the world. The system is named “Beidou” 9 it is the name for the seven bright stars that ancient Chinese used to find their way. In the future, China will continue to improve BDS and guide the whole world to go in the right direction. 10 (final), BDS will serve as a global navigation system. 六、选词填空 Passage 5 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 charge; electric; solar; pollute; produce; possibility; modern; develop; plenty; reality With the fast 1 of new technology, clean‑energy is widely used in 2 society. 3 energy is very popular because it will not 4 our environment. Sunlight offers 5 of power for us. Solar panels can 6 electricity for homes. People can even 7 their cars by solar power. Now the 8 of green world is becoming a 9 . We believe that more new‑energy products will change our way of using 10 . Passage 6 (从方框中选择适当的单词填入空白处) diversion telescope space tunnel fast program rail underwater radio experiment Modern technology has brought us many amazing projects. The South-to-North Water 1 is the world’s largest water transfer project. China Sky Eye, also known as the FAST, is the world’s largest 2 telescope. The Tiangong 3 Station allows astronauts to live in space and do 4 . The Channel Tunnel is the longest 5 railway tunnel in the world, connecting the UK and France. China High-Speed 6 is the biggest high-speed rail system in the world. The Burj Khalifa is the world’s tallest building. People also use computers to take online courses, enjoy games, and chat with friends. A computer 7 is written in a language that the computer can understand. You must be very careful when writing your own 8 . China’s high-speed trains are very 9 and comfortable. These projects have changed our lives and opened a 10 to a better world. 8 / 8乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $单元核心语法精练 Unit 5 Path to a Better World （新教材仁爱版） （后缀 -ty,-ity 和定语从句（that 和 which 引导）） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 表格梳理了后缀 -ty/-ity 的构词规则、核心例词与易错拼写，以及定语从句（that 和 which 引导）的基本概念、用法区分与中考易错点，清晰呈现词性转换规律与从句选词规则。 语法模块 内容 结构 / 规则 典型例句及翻译 后缀 -ty / -ity 基本含义 形容词 + -ty / -ity → 抽象名词，表示“性质、状态、程度、特征”，多为不可数名词 safe→safety（安全）；real→reality（现实） 构词规则 -ty：部分保留 y 直接加 ty；词尾 t/te 去 e 加 ty；词尾 le→li + ty；-ble→bility。-ity：多音节形容词去 e + ity（possible→possibility、able→ability） high→height、long→length 两个拼写特殊 核心例词 safe→safety；possible→possibility；able→ability；real→reality；pure→purity；reliable→reliability；national→nationality；diverse→diversity Practice improves our ability to learn.（练习提升我们学习的能力。） 易错提醒 -ty/-ity 构成的抽象名词一般不可数，谓语用单数；固定搭配 in safety（安全地）、tell the truth（说实话） activity 表示“具体活动”时可复数 词性转换联动 achieve→achievable→achievement；rely→reliable→reliability；accept→acceptable→acceptability（与 Unit 4 衔接） 形成完整的词性转换体系 定语从句（that 和 which 引导） 基本概念 修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，被修饰的词叫先行词；关系代词 that/which 连接主从句并充当成分 A plane is a machine that can fly.（飞机是能飞的机器。） 关系代词用法 that：人或物，作主/宾；which：物，作主/宾；作宾语时可省略 The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.（我给你的那本书值10美元。） 只用 that 先行词为不定代词（anything/nothing/all 等）；被最高级或序数词修饰；被 the only/very/last/same 等修饰；先行词既有人又有物 This is the best film (that) I have ever seen.（这是我看过最好的电影。） 只用 which 引导非限制性定语从句（主从句间有逗号）；用于“介词 + 关系代词”结构（in which、for which 等） He passed the exam, which made us excited.（他通过了考试，这让我们很兴奋。） 中考易错 which 不能用于指人；that/which 指物时在主语、宾语位置可互换，但上述特定场合有强制区分 The person to whom you spoke is Mr. Depp.（介词后用 whom） 使用注意事项 1. -ty/-ity 后缀：形容词加 -ty/-ity 变为抽象名词，表示“性质、状态、程度”，如 safe→safety、possible→possibility，中考常用于词性转换填空与短文填空。 2. 拼写易错：high→height、long→length 两个词拼写特殊，不能直接照搬形容词；以 -ble 结尾的形容词变名词为 -bility（possible→possibility）。 3. 数的特征：-ty/-ity 构成的抽象名词一般不可数，谓语用单数；但 activity 表示“具体活动”时可作复数。 4. 关系代词 that 与 which：均指物时在主语、宾语位置可互换（作宾语可省略）；that 还可指人，which 只能指物。 5. 只用 that 的场合：先行词为不定代词（anything、nothing、all 等）、被最高级或序数词修饰、被 the only/the very/the last 等修饰，或先行词既有人又有物时。 6. 只用 which 的场合：引导非限制性定语从句（主句与从句间有逗号）；用于“介词 + 关系代词”结构（如 in which、for which），此时不能用 that。 一、单项选择 1．Modern science has greatly improved our living ______. A．safe B．safety C．safely D．save 【答案】B 【详解】句意：现代科技大大改善了我们的生活质量。空格位于形容词性物主代词 our 与 living 之后，修饰名词 living，需用名词；safe 加 -ty 变为名词 safety，意为“安全”。故选 B。 2．There is a strong ______ that our team will win the basketball match. A．possible B．possibility C．possibly D．impossibly 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们队很有可能会赢得这场篮球比赛。空格前有不定冠词 a 与形容词 strong，需用单数名词；possible 的名词形式 possibility 意为“可能性”。故选 B。 3．I like the story ______ my grandfather told me during the holiday. A．who B．which C．what D．whom 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我喜欢爷爷在假期里讲给我听的那个故事。先行词 the story 指物，定语从句缺宾语，关系代词用 which 或 that，也可省略。故选 B。 4．This is the most interesting novel ______ I have read this year. A．which B．that C．who D．what 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这是我今年读过最有趣的小说。先行词被最高级 most interesting 修饰，定语从句只能用 that 引导，不能用 which。故选 B。 5．He passed the final exam, ______ made his parents very proud. A．that B．which C．who D．what 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他通过了期末考试，这让他父母非常骄傲。逗号后引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整件事，只能用 which，不能用 that。故选 B。 6．The small town ______ he lived for ten years is now a popular tourist place. A．which B．that C．in which D．in that 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他住了十年的那个小镇如今成了受欢迎的旅游地。live 为不及物动词，需加介词 in；“介词 + 关系代词”结构中关系代词用 which（不用 that），即 in which。故选 C。 7．Is there anything ______ I can do to help you with the project? A．which B．that C．who D．what 【答案】B 【详解】句意：有什么我能做的来帮你完成这个项目吗？先行词为不定代词 anything，定语从句的关系代词只能用 that。故选 B。 8．We should face ______ and work hard instead of daydreaming. A．real B．really C．reality D．realize 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们应该面对现实，努力学习而不是做白日梦。空格位于动词 face 之后，作宾语，需用名词；real 的名词形式 reality 意为“现实”。故选 C。 9．Daily practice can improve our ______ to solve problems by ourselves. A．able B．ability C．unable D．enable 【答案】B 【详解】句意：日常练习能提升我们独立解决问题的能力。空格位于形容词性物主代词 our 之后，需用名词；able 加 -ity 变为名词 ability，意为“能力”。故选 B。 10．The people and the things ______ we met during the trip were truly unforgettable. A．which B．that C．who D．whom 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们在旅途中遇到的人和事真的令人难忘。先行词既包含人（people）又包含物（things），定语从句的关系代词只能用 that。故选 B。 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1．We should try to improve the ______ (safe) of the children on the school bus. 【答案】safety 【详解】句意：我们应该努力提升校车上孩子们的安全。空格位于定冠词 the 之后，需用名词；safe 加 -ty 变为名词 safety，意为“安全”。 2．There is no ______ (possible) that the heavy rain will stop before the match. 【答案】possibility 【详解】句意：比赛前大雨停下来的可能性为零。空格位于 no 之后，需用名词；possible 的名词形式 possibility 意为“可能性”。 3．Modern machines give us great ______ (able) to explore the unknown world. 【答案】ability 【详解】句意：现代机器赋予我们探索未知世界的强大能力。空格位于形容词 great 之后，需用名词；able 加 -ity 变为名词 ability，意为“能力”。 4．The ______ (real) of his childhood dream came true when he became a pilot. 【答案】reality 【详解】句意：当他成为飞行员时，童年梦想的“现实”成真了。空格位于定冠词 the 之后，需用名词；real 的名词形式 reality 意为“现实”。 5．Scientists are studying the ______ (pure) of the water in the mountain lake. 【答案】purity 【详解】句意：科学家们正在研究山湖水的纯净度。空格位于定冠词 the 之后，需用名词；pure 加 -ity 变为名词 purity，意为“纯净、纯度”。 6．We should treat everyone with ______ (equal) and respect in a fair society. 【答案】equality 【详解】句意：在公平的社会里，我们应该以平等和尊重对待每一个人。空格位于介词 with 之后，需用名词；equal 加 -ity 变为名词 equality，意为“平等”。 7．The ______ (diverse) of cultures around the world makes our life colorful. 【答案】diversity 【详解】句意：世界各地文化的多样性让我们的生活多姿多彩。空格位于定冠词 the 之后，需用名词；diverse 加 -ity 变为名词 diversity，意为“多样性”。 8．His ______ (rely) on his close friends helped him get through the hard times. 【答案】reliability 【详解】句意：他对密友的信赖帮他度过了艰难岁月。空格位于形容词性物主代词 His 之后，需用名词；reliable 去掉 e 加 -ity 变为名词 reliability，意为“可靠性、信赖”。 9．It is a ______ (certain) that spring will return after a cold winter. 【答案】certainty 【详解】句意：寒冬之后春天会回来，这是一件确定的事。空格位于不定冠词 a 之后，需用名词；certain 加 -ty 变为名词 certainty，意为“确定、必然的事”。 10．Students from different ______ (nation) took part in the international speech contest. 【答案】nationalities 【详解】句意：来自不同国家的学生参加了这次国际演讲比赛。different 后接复数名词；national 加 -ity 变为名词 nationality，复数 nationalities 意为“国籍、国家”。 三、按要求完成句子 1．安全在我们的日常生活中非常重要。 ______ is very important in our daily life. 【答案】 Safety 【详解】句意：安全在我们的日常生活中非常重要。根据句意“安全”作主语，需用名词；safe 加 -ty 变为名词 safety，且句首大写。故填 Safety。 2．这是我从上海坐过的最快的火车。 This is the fastest train ______ I have ever taken from Shanghai. 【答案】 that 【详解】句意：这是我从上海坐过的最快的火车。先行词被最高级 fastest 修饰，定语从句的关系代词只能用 that（也可省略）。故填 that。 3．我相信这总有一天会变成现实。 I am sure this will ________ ________ reality one day. 【答案】 come into 【详解】句意：我相信这总有一天会变成现实。“变成现实”用固定短语 come into reality；will 后接动词原形。故填 come；into。 4．政府确保了暴风雪期间人民的安全。 The government made sure of people's ________ during the snowstorm. 【答案】 safety 【详解】句意：政府确保了暴风雪期间人民的安全。空格位于名词所有格 people's 之后，需用名词；safe 加 -ty 变为名词 safety，意为“安全”。故填 safety。 5．这是杰克发明的那台机器。 This is the machine ______ Jack invented last year. 【答案】 that 【详解】句意：这是杰克去年发明的那台机器。先行词 the machine 指物，定语从句缺宾语，关系代词用 that 或 which（也可省略）。故填 that。 6．创造力在技术领域非常重要。 ________ is very important in the field of technology. 【答案】 Creativity 【详解】句意：创造力在技术领域非常重要。根据句意“创造力”作主语，需用名词；create 的名词形式 creativity，句首大写。故填 Creativity。 7．我们很有可能在英语学习方面取得进步。 There is a strong ________ that we will make progress in English. 【答案】 possibility 【详解】句意：我们很有可能在英语学习方面取得进步。空格位于 a strong 之后，需用单数名词；possible 的名词形式 possibility 意为“可能性”。故填 possibility。 8．He will visit the new science museum next Sunday.（对划线部分提问） ________ ________ he visit the new science museum? 【答案】 When will 【详解】句意：他将于下周日参观那座新的科学博物馆。对时间状语 next Sunday 提问用 When；一般将来时的特殊疑问句为 When will he visit…?。故填 When；will。 9．We should always tell the truth.（对划线部分提问） ________ should we always ________? 【答案】 What tell 【详解】句意：我们应该永远讲真话。对宾语 the truth 提问用 What；情态动词 should 提到主语前，谓语动词用原形 tell。故填 What；tell。 10．虚拟现实是一种在虚拟环境中创造真实世界副本的技术。 Virtual reality is a technology ________ creates a copy of the real world in a virtual environment. 【答案】 which 【详解】句意：虚拟现实是一种在虚拟环境中创造真实世界副本的技术。先行词 a technology 指物，定语从句缺主语，关系代词用 which 或 that。故填 which。 四、完形填空 Passage 1 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 While most 10-year-olds are spending their free time playing video games, Ernesto is busy running his own 3D printing business and dreaming of buying his mom a house someday. Inside a small workshop at home, Ernesto spends his days 1 and printing colourful creations including model planes, can openers, and things meant to help people dealing with stress. The 2 first took shape just a few months ago when Ernesto told his mother he wanted to make money through 3D printing. Instead of 3 buying him a machine, she encouraged him to work and save for it himself. After 4 $500, Ernesto bought his first printer and started Prestige 3D Labs. He taught himself how to create custom designs by watching online courses and quickly 5 there was real demand (需求) for his products. Business has grown fast and his 6 are becoming more and more popular. Ernesto says he has already made around $1,500, and demand became so strong that he 7 with a local clothing store to help sell his products. Now, three printers run regularly to keep up with 8 coming in from across the Rio Grande Valley. For Ernesto’s mother, the 9 has become more than just a way for her son to make money. It has also become valuable time spent together. She says balancing school, football practice, and a growing business can sometimes be 10 for Ernesto, but she believes the experience is teaching him lessons that will last a lifetime. 1. A．finding B．writing C．designing 2. A．idea B．habit C．rule 3. A．generally B．simply C．exactly 4. A．saving B．donating C．borrowing 5. A．explained B．realised C．reminded 6. A．printers B．courses C．creations 7. A．partnered B．compared C．travelled 8. A．gifts B．orders C．toys 9. A．business B．show C．game 10. A．normal B．dangerous C．stressful 【答案】 1. C 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. B 6. C 7. A 8. B 9. A 10. C 【导语】本文讲述10岁男孩Ernesto经营3D打印生意的故事。他自筹资金买设备，生意壮大。这不仅让他赚钱，更带来了宝贵的成长经历。 【详解】1. 句意：在家里的一间小作坊里，Ernesto花费时间设计和打印彩色作品，包括飞机模型、开罐器，还有用来帮助人们缓解压力的物件。。 根据“3D printing business”及常识，打印前需设计模型。designing“设计”是3D打印的前提步骤，符合逻辑。finding“找到”、writing“写”与3D 打印流程无关。 2. 句意：这个主意几个月前刚成形，当时Ernesto告诉妈妈，他想靠3D打印赚钱。 根据后文“wanted to make money”，指做生意的想法。take shape常指计划或想法成形，idea“主意”符合语境。habit“习惯”；rule“规则”不符合“想要赚钱”的语境。 3. 句意：妈妈没有只是直接给他买一台打印机，而是鼓励他靠自己干活攒钱去买。 根据“encouraged him to work and save”，母亲没有直接买。simply强调直接做某事，此处指未直接购买。generally“普遍的”、exactly“确切地”语意不通，无法体现母亲的教育方式。 4. 句意：存了500美元后，他买了打印机，创办了“Prestige 3D实验室”。 根据前文“save for it himself”，此处指存钱，saving符合语境。与前文母亲建议“存钱”保持一致。donating“捐赠”、borrowing“借”与前文逻辑矛盾。 5. 句意：他通过网上课程自学定制设计，很快意识到自己的产品存在真实的市场需求。 根据“there was real demand”，指发现市场情况。生意开始后发现自己产品受欢迎，即意识到需求，realised“意识到”符合语境。explained“解释”；reminded“提醒”不符合发现市场需求的逻辑。 6. 句意：生意发展迅速，他的作品变得越来越受欢迎。 根据前文“colourful creations”，指打印出的产品。顾客购买的是他制作的产品，creations符合语境。printers“打印机”；courses“课程”非主要售卖对象。 7. 句意：Ernesto说他已经赚了大约1500美元。市场需求十分旺盛，于是他和当地一家服装店合作售卖自己的产品。 根据“to help sell his products”，指商业合作。partner with意为“与……合作”，符合销售语境。compared“比较”；travelled“旅行”语意不通，无法帮助销售。 8. 句意：现在三台打印机持续运转，用来处理来自里奥格兰德河谷各地源源不断的订单。 根据“Business has grown”，生意对应订单。生意好意味着订单多，需保持生产，orders“订单”符合语境。gifts“礼物”；toys“玩具”不符合商业往来语境。 9. 句意：对母亲来说，这门生意不仅是赚钱方式。 全文围绕他的商业活动展开。指代前文提到的3D printing business，business“商业”符合语境。show“展示”；game“游戏”。指代错误，不符合全文主题。 10. 句意：她说，兼顾学业、足球训练和不断发展的生意，有时对欧内斯托来说压力很大，但她相信这段经历教会他的道理将会使他受益终身。 根据“balancing...can sometimes be”，兼顾多事通常很累，同时处理多项任务会让人感到压力，stressful符合语境。normal无法体现困难，dangerous程度过重。 Passage 2 阅读下面短文，从每小题所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳答案。 The Lost-and-Found Camera Students at Heping School developed a camera system that matched lost objects with photos posted by their owners. At first, the result seemed 1 : the system found a blue bottle even when the owner’s photo showed only half of it. Problems appeared during a real test. The program often confused identical black umbrellas. It also gave a high match score to any red bag, although shape and size were 2 . More seriously, a test photo included a student’s face in the background. The team had built an object finder, but they had also created a system that could collect 3 information. The students changed both the technology and the rules. Faces and name tags were automatically covered before a photo was 4 . Images stayed on the school computer instead of being sent to an outside service. A match was shown as a 5 , not a final decision. Staff still checked where and when the object had been found. To improve 6 , the team added side views and size markers. Yet they refused to train the program on secretly collected photos. Fewer images meant slower improvement, but consent was treated as part of the design rather than a delay. The revised system recovered 63 percent of test objects. That number was lower than the first exciting claim, which had counted several wrong matches. The team presented both the 7 and the failures at the science fair. Their project did not win the “Most Powerful Technology” prize. It received an award for responsible problem-solving. The students learned that a better tool is not simply one that can do more. It is one 8 purpose is clear, 9 limits are reported and whose users keep a meaningful 10 in the final decision. 1. A．private B．ordinary C．impressive 2. A．different B．equal C．safe 3. A．natural B．personal C．public 4. A．stored B．drawn C．returned 5. A．promise B．record C．suggestion 6. A．ability B．accuracy C．activity 7. A．prices B．names C．successes 8. A．whose B．which C．what 9. A．its B．whose C．their 10. A．voice B．picture C．secret 【答案】 1. C 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. B 10. A 【导语】本文讲述和平学校学生研发失物招领相机系统，经技术与伦理改进，虽未获最强技术奖，但赢得负责任问题解决奖的故事。 【详解】1. 句意：起初，结果似乎很令人印象深刻：即使失主照片只显示了半个蓝色瓶子，系统也能找到它。 根据“the system found a blue bottle even when the owner’s photo showed only half of it”，可知系统表现出乎意料地好，impressive“令人印象深刻的”，符合语境。private“私密的”，ordinary“普通的”，均不符合语境。 2. 句意：它也会给任何红色袋子打出高匹配分数，尽管形状和大小都不同。 根据“confused identical black umbrellas”和“gave a high match score to any red bag”，可知系统忽略了形状和大小的差异，different“不同的”，符合语境。equal“相等的”，safe“安全的”，均不符合语境。 3. 句意：团队建造的是物品查找器，但他们也创造了一个可能收集个人信息的系统。 根据“Faces and name tags were automatically covered”可知系统可能采集面部和姓名等个人隐私信息，personal“个人的”，符合语境。natural“自然的”，public“公共的”，均不符合语境。 4. 句意：在照片被存储之前，人脸和姓名标签会被自动遮盖。 根据“Faces and name tags were automatically covered”和“Images stayed on the school computer”可知处理发生在照片保存时，stored“存储”，符合语境。drawn“绘制”，returned“归还”，均不符合语境。 5. 句意：匹配结果被显示为建议，而非最终决定。 根据“Staff still checked where and when the object had been found”可知匹配结果需人工复核，故此处表达“建议”。suggestion“建议”，符合语境。promise“承诺”，record“记录”，均不符合语境。 6. 句意：为提高准确性，团队增加了侧面视图和尺寸标记。 根据“confused identical black umbrellas”和“gave a high match score to any red bag”可知系统在精确识别方面存在问题，accuracy“准确性”，符合语境。ability“能力”，activity“活动”，均不符合语境。 7. 句意：团队在科学展上同时展示了成功和失败案例。 根据“the failures”可知此处与“failures”并列，表示成果与失败，故此处表达“成功”。successes“成功”，符合语境。prices“价格”，names“名字”，均不符合语境。 8. 句意：它是一个目的明确、限制被报告、且用户在最终决定中保留有意义发言权的工具。 根据定语从句结构，先行词“one”（指代tool）与“purpose”之间为所属关系，whose“……的”，符合语境。which不能表示所属关系，what不能引导定语从句，均不符合语法规则。 9. 句意：它是一个目的明确、限制被报告、且用户在最终决定中保留有意义发言权的工具。 本句与上一空并列，同为“whose”引导的定语从句，修饰“tool”，表示“其限制被报告”。whose“……的”，符合语境。its不能引导从句，their不能引导从句且单复数不一致，均不符合语法规则。 10. 句意：它是一个目的明确、限制被报告、且用户在最终决定中保留有意义发言权的工具。 根据“Staff still checked where and when”和“not a final decision”可知用户/工作人员对最终决定有发言权，voice“发言权”，符合语境。picture“图片”，secret“秘密”，均不符合语境。 五、短文填空 Passage 3 阅读下面短文，根据语境或括号内提示填入一个适当的词或所给词的正确形式。 A Crosswalk That Waits The crosswalk outside Zhonghe Hospital has a button 1 allows people to request extra crossing time. It was designed for users 2 movement may be slow, including older people and patients with injuries. The system uses a small card 3 the hospital gives to patients who need it. When the card is held near the button, the green-light period is extended by twelve seconds. No name 4 location history is stored. The card simply sends a signal that means “more time needed.” During the first trial, the 5 (sensitive) of the reader was too low. Users had to hold the card in exactly the right place. Engineers changed the antenna, which improved its 6 (reliable). They also added a normal button for people 7 do not have a card but still need help. The crosswalk is a technology 8 success depends on more than electronics. Clear road markings, patient drivers and rules 9 are enforced all matter. The project shows that a smart city is not only a city that moves quickly. It is one 10 notices when some people need more time. 【答案】 1. that/which 2. whose 3. that/which 4. or 5. sensitivity 6. reliability 7. who/that 8. whose 9. that/which 10. that 【导语】本文介绍了中和医院外一条配备特殊按钮的人行横道，该按钮通过系统延长绿灯时间，为行动缓慢的人群提供便利，体现了智能城市关注弱势群体的设计理念。 【详解】1. 句意：中和医院外的人行横道上有一个按钮，允许人们请求额外的过街时间。 此处为定语从句，先行词是a button，指物，从句缺主语，用关系代词that/which引导。 2. 句意：它是为行动可能缓慢的用户设计的，包括老年人和受伤患者。此处为定语从句，先行词是users，从句中movement与users是所属关系，用关系代词whose表示“……的”。 3. 句意：该系统使用一张医院发给有需要的患者的小卡片。此处为定语从句，先行词是a small card，指物，从句缺宾语，用关系代词that/which引导。 4. 句意：不存储姓名或位置历史。否定句中并列两个名词name和location history，用并列连词or，表“姓名或位置历史”。 5. 句意：在首次试验中，读取器的灵敏度太低。定冠词“the”后需接名词作主语。“sensitive”的名词形式为“sensitivity”，意为“灵敏度”。 6. 句意：工程师更换了天线，这提高了其可靠性。形容词性物主代词its后需接名词，形容词reliable的名词形式是reliability，意为“可靠性”。 7. 句意：他们还为没有卡但仍需要帮助的人增加了一个普通按钮。此处为定语从句，先行词是people，指人，从句缺主语，用关系代词who/that引导。 8. 句意：人行横道是一项技术，其成功不仅仅依赖于电子设备。此处为定语从句，先行词是a technology，从句中success与technology是所属关系，用关系代词whose表示“技术的成功”。 9. 句意：清晰的道路标记、耐心的司机和得到执行的规则都很重要。此处为定语从句，先行词是rules，指物，从句缺主语，用关系代词that/which引导。 10. 句意：它是一座注意到有些人需要更多时间的城市。此处为定语从句，先行词是one（指代city），且是不定代词，从句缺主语，用关系代词that引导。 Passage 4 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 China’s Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) is one of the best navigation systems in the world. 1 the early 1980s, the world depended 2 America’s GPS for navigation. However, in 1994, China decided to develop 3 (it) own system. A research team worked day and night, doing experiments, running tests, and 4 (solve) technological problems. In 2003, BDS-1 was put into use, which marked the beginning of China’s three-step BDS strategy. The second step was to include more countries in China’s BDS. 5 (experience) engineers worked closely with younger ones. In 2012, BDS-2 was completed and its services 6 (cover) the Asia-Pacific area. Starting in 2015, Chinese scientists aimed to make BDS work well at a 7 (globe) level. In 2020, BDS-3 was completed and began 8 (provide) services around the world. The system is named “Beidou” 9 it is the name for the seven bright stars that ancient Chinese used to find their way. In the future, China will continue to improve BDS and guide the whole world to go in the right direction. 10 (final), BDS will serve as a global navigation system. 【答案】 1. In 2. on 3. its 4. solving 5. Experienced 6. covered 7. global 8. providing 9. because 10. Finally 【导语】本文介绍中国北斗导航系统三步走发展历程，从早期依赖国外GPS，到自主研发北斗一号、二号、三号，逐步实现服务亚太、面向全球。 【详解】1. 句意：在20世纪80年代初期，全世界依靠美国GPS进行导航。in+年代，此处需用介词in，置于句首，首字母大写。 2. 句意：在20世纪80年代初期，全世界依靠美国GPS进行导航。depend on“依靠”，固定短语，表示依靠GPS，此处需用介词on。 3. 句意：然而在1994年，中国决定研发属于它自己的系统。one’s own+名词，表示“某人自己的……”，此处需用it的形容词性物主代词，即its。 4. 句意：一支科研团队夜以继日工作，做实验、开展测试、攻克技术难题。and并列doing/running，此处需用solving。 5. 句意：经验丰富的工程师与年轻工程师紧密协作。此处需用形容词修饰名词engineers，experience的形容词形式为experienced，置于句首，首字母大写。 6. 句意：2012年北斗二号建成，它的服务覆盖亚太地区。时态是一般过去时，cover的过去式为covered。 7. 句意：从2015年开始，中国科学家致力于让北斗在全球层面良好运行。此处需用形容词修饰level，globe的形容词形式为global。 8. 句意：2020年北斗三号建成，开始向全世界提供服务。begin doing“开始做某事”，provide的动名词形式为providing。 9. 句意：这套系统命名为“北斗”，因为这是古代中国人用来辨别方向的七颗亮星的名字。此处解释命名由来，表示因为，应用because“因为”引导原因状语从句。 10. 句意：最终，北斗将作为一套全球导航系统发挥作用。此处放句首作状语，需用副词，final的副词形式为finally“最终”，置于句首，首字母大写。 六、选词填空 Passage 5 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 charge; electric; solar; pollute; produce; possibility; modern; develop; plenty; reality With the fast 1 of new technology, clean‑energy is widely used in 2 society. 3 energy is very popular because it will not 4 our environment. Sunlight offers 5 of power for us. Solar panels can 6 electricity for homes. People can even 7 their cars by solar power. Now the 8 of green world is becoming a 9 . We believe that more new‑energy products will change our way of using 10 . 【答案】 1. development 2. modern 3. Solar 4. pollute 5. plenty 6. produce 7. charge 8. possibility 9. reality 10. electricity 【导语】本文介绍了随着科技发展，太阳能等清洁能源在发电、充电等日常生活中的广泛应用，并展望了绿色世界从可能走向现实的未来前景。 【详解】1. 句意：随着新技术的快速发展，清洁能源在现代社会中被广泛使用。此处需要一个名词作介词“With”的宾语，后文“of new technology”表明该名词需与“技术”构成所属关系，表示“技术的发展”，“develop”的名词形式development符合语境。 2. 句意：随着新技术的快速发展，清洁能源在现代社会中被广泛使用。此处需要一个形容词作定语，修饰名词“society”。结合“新技术”和“广泛使用”暗示是“当代/现代”社会，modern符合语境。 3. 句意：太阳能非常受欢迎，因为它不会污染我们的环境。此处需要一个形容词作定语，修饰名词“energy”。后文提到“Sunlight offers... power”和“solar panels”，明确指向“太阳的”能量，所以填Solar，首字母需大写。 4. 句意：太阳能非常受欢迎，因为它不会污染我们的环境。空处位于“will not”之后，需填动词原形。前文“very popular”说明太阳能受青睐，后文“our environment”是需要被保护的对象，结合“will not”表示否定，说明太阳能对环境的负面影响为零，即“不污染”，pollute符合语境。 5. 句意：阳光为我们提供充足的能源。空处与介词of共同修饰名词power。plenty of为固定短语，意为“充足的、大量的”，修饰不可数名词power，符合“阳光提供充足的能源”的语境。 6. 句意：太阳能电池板可以为家庭生产电力。位于“can”之后，用原形。前文“Solar panels”是设备，后文“electricity for homes”是输出的产品，说明电池板的功能是“制造/产生”电力，produce符合语境。 7. 句意：人们甚至可以用太阳能给汽车充电。此处需要一个动词作谓语，空处位于“can”之后，需填动词原形。后文提到“solar power”作为能源，可知是用太阳能给汽车“充电”，charge符合语境。 8. 句意：现在绿色世界的可能性正在成为现实。此处需要一个名词作主语。前文提到的清洁能源应用表明“绿色世界”已具备实现条件，其“可能性”正被讨论，possibility符合语境。 9. 句意：现在绿色世界的可能性正在成为现实。此处需要一个名词作表语，位于“a”之后，需用可数名词单数形式。前文“possibility”表示一种潜在状态，后文“becoming”表示变化过程，结合“a”和整句逻辑，说明这种可能性正在转化为“现实”这一实际状态，reality符合语境。 10. 句意：我们相信更多新能源产品将改变我们使用电力的方式。此处需要一个名词作介词“of”的宾语。前文多次提及“solar energy”、“power”等能源，后文“change our way of using”说明使用对象与能源相关，“electric”的名词形式electricity“电”，符合“更多新能源产品会改变我们用电的方式”的语义。 Passage 6 (从方框中选择适当的单词填入空白处) diversion telescope space tunnel fast program rail underwater radio experiment Modern technology has brought us many amazing projects. The South-to-North Water 1 is the world’s largest water transfer project. China Sky Eye, also known as the FAST, is the world’s largest 2 telescope. The Tiangong 3 Station allows astronauts to live in space and do 4 . The Channel Tunnel is the longest 5 railway tunnel in the world, connecting the UK and France. China High-Speed 6 is the biggest high-speed rail system in the world. The Burj Khalifa is the world’s tallest building. People also use computers to take online courses, enjoy games, and chat with friends. A computer 7 is written in a language that the computer can understand. You must be very careful when writing your own 8 . China’s high-speed trains are very 9 and comfortable. These projects have changed our lives and opened a 10 to a better world. 【答案】 1. diversion 2. radio 3. space 4. experiments 5. underwater 6. Rail 7. program 8. program 9. fast 10. tunnel 【导语】本文介绍多项现代科技重大工程与技术成果，依次介绍南水北调工程、中国天眼 FAST、天宫空间站、英法海底隧道、中国高铁，同时提及计算机程序等科技应用，讲述这些科技项目改变人们生活，为人类开启通往更美好世界的道路。 【详解】1. 句意：南水北调工程是世界上最大的调水工程。South-to-North Water Diversion“南水北调”是专有名词，“diversion” 意为 “转移、调引”，符合句意。 2. 句意：中国天眼，也称为FAST，是世界上最大的射电望远镜。FAST全称是Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope，即“射电望远镜”，故填radio。 3. 句意：天宫空间站允许宇航员生活在太空并做实验。“Tiangong Space Station”是“天宫空间站”的固定表达，故填space。 4. 句意：天宫空间站允许宇航员生活在太空并做实验。do experiments意为“做实验”，用复数形式表泛指。 5. 句意：英吉利海峡隧道是世界上最长的水下铁路隧道，连接英国与法国。Channel Tunnel位于海底，修饰railway tunnel应用underwater“水下的”，形容词作定语。 6. 句意：中国高铁是世界上最大的高速铁路系统。根据“the biggest high-speed rail system”可知，说的是中国高铁，“High-Speed Rail”是“高速铁路”的固定表达，故填Rail。 7. 句意：计算机程序是用计算机能理解的语言编写的。computer program意为“计算机程序”，固定表达， a修饰用单数形式。 8. 句意：当你编写自己的程序时需要格外严谨。前文提到“computer program”，此处指编写自己的程序，program“程序”符合语境。 9. 句意：中国的高铁非常快且舒适。修饰trains且与comfortable构成并列关系，所给单词fast“快速的”符合句意。 10. 句意：这些项目改变了我们的生活，并开启了一个通往更美好世界的通道。根据“opened a...to a better world.”可知，此处表达通往更美好世界的通道，此处tunnel“隧道、通道”比喻通往未来的路径/通道。 3 / 16乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $