Unit 3 Great Ideas 后缀-en和被动语态（核心语法精练）-【简语法-单元核心语法精练】2026-2027学年仁爱 科普版英语九年级上册

该初中英语单元学案以“Great Ideas”为主题，聚焦后缀-en构词规则与被动语态（一般现在时、一般过去时）核心语法，通过表格梳理构词规律、例词及语法特点，构建“规则学习-专项练习-综合应用”的递进式学习路径，引导学生从基础规则掌握逐步过渡到语境中的灵活运用。 亮点在于“语法应用与主题探究融合”的设计，如完形填空“风暴庇护所app开发”、短文填空“智能熊猫巴士”等任务，让学生在真实情境中运用语法知识，培养语言能力和思维品质。练习题覆盖选择、填空、句子转换等多种形式，提供分层训练，既巩固基础又提升综合应用能力，为教师单元复习教学提供系统且针对性的支持。

单元核心语法精练 Unit 3 Great Ideas （新教材仁爱版） （后缀 -en 和被动语态） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 表格梳理了后缀 -en 的构词规则、核心例词与派生名词，以及被动语态（一般现在时、一般过去时）的构成、用法、否定疑问与常见易混短语，清晰呈现其构词规律与语法特点。 模块 内容 结构 / 规则 典型例句及翻译 后缀 -en 基本含义 形容词 + -en → 动词，表示“使……；变得……”；名词 + -en → 形容词，表示“由……制成的” wide→widen（加宽）；wood→wooden（木制的） 构词规则 直接在形容词或名词后加 -en 构成新词，词根本身含义基本不变 deep→deepen；soft→soften；sharp→sharpen 核心例词 widen / sharpen / deepen / quicken / soften / harden / shorten / brighten / darken / sweeten The road needs to be widened.（这条路需要加宽。） 特殊变形 long→lengthen；strong→strengthen，两个特殊变形需单独记忆 Exercise can strengthen your body.（锻炼能增强你的体质。） 派生名词 动词常派生出 -ment / -tion 等名词形式 achieve→achievement；invent→invention；develop→development 被动语态（一般现在时、一般过去时） 基本概念 主动语态主语是动作发出者；被动语态主语是动作承受者 We invent new things.→New things are invented by us. 谓语结构 一般现在时被动：am/is/are + 过去分词 一般过去时被动：was/were + 过去分词 Paper is made from wood.（纸由木头制成。） 基本用法 强调动作承受者；不知道或不必说明执行者；用 by 引出执行者 The new building was built by the workers.（新楼是工人们建造的。） 否定与疑问 否定：be + not + 过去分词 一般疑问：Be + 主语 + 过去分词？ —Was the bridge built in 2012?（这座桥是2012年建成的吗？） 不及物动词 happen / take place / appear / belong to 等不及物动词无被动语态 The accident happened last night.（事故发生在昨晚。） 易混短语 be made of（看得出原料）/ be made from（看不出原料）；be used for + 动名词 / be used to + 动词原形 The desk is made of wood.（这张桌子是木头做的。） 固定句式 It is said/reported/well-known that… 常用被动语态 It is said that she is 109 years old.（据说她109岁了。） 使用注意事项 1. 后缀 -en 的两类构词：形容词 + -en 构成动词（如 widen、sharpen、deepen、shorten），表示“使……；变得……”；名词 + -en 构成形容词（如 wooden、woolen、golden），表示“由……制成的”。 2. 特殊变形：long→lengthen、strong→strengthen 并非常规“直接加 -en”的结果，需单独记忆，含义分别为“加长”“加强”。 3. 被动语态的构成与时态：一般现在时被动为 am/is/are + 过去分词，一般过去时被动为 was/were + 过去分词；过去分词须由及物动词充当。 4. 不及物动词无被动语态：happen、take place、appear、belong to 等不及物动词（短语）没有被动语态，只能用主动形式。 5. be made of 与 be made from：成品能看出原材料用 be made of（如桌子—木头），看不出原材料（发生化学变化）用 be made from（如纸—木头）。 6. be used for 与 be used to：be used for 后接名词或动名词，表示“被用于……”；be used to 后接动词原形，表示“被用来做……”；注意与 used to do（过去常常）区分。 一、单项选择 1．Robots ______ to do dangerous work in many factories now. A．use B．are used C．used D．were used 【答案】B 【详解】句意：如今许多工厂里机器人被用来从事危险工作。时间标志词 now 表明用一般现在时；主语 Robots 与 use 之间是被动关系，故用一般现在时被动语态 are used。故选B。 2．This beautiful ring ______ silver, and you can see its bright surface clearly. A．is made of B．is made from C．is made in D．is made by 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这枚漂亮的戒指是由银制成的，你可以清楚地看到它闪亮的表面。成品能看出原材料用 be made of；主语 This beautiful ring 为单数，be 动词用 is。故选A。 3．These knives ______ cutting meat in the kitchen. A．are used for B．are used to C．used for D．used to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这些刀被用来在厨房里切肉。be used for 后接名词或动名词，表示“被用于……”；主语 These knives 为复数，be 动词用 are。故选A。 4．The workers ______ a new bridge over the river last year. A．build B．built C．were built D．are built 【答案】B 【详解】句意：工人们去年在河上建了一座新桥。主语 The workers 是动作的执行者，句子用主动语态；last year 表明用一般过去时，故用 built。故选B。 5．The window was broken ______ a naughty boy yesterday. A．with B．by C．for D．to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：昨天窗户被一个调皮的男孩打碎了。被动语态中用 by 引出动作的执行者。故选B。 6．This kind of plant ______ to the south of China, so you can't find it in the north. A．belongs B．is belonged C．belonged D．is belonging 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这种植物属于中国南方，所以你在北方找不到它。belong to 意为“属于”，是不及物动词短语，没有被动语态，只能用主动形式；描述客观事实用一般现在时。故选A。 7．It ______ that this small village will become a popular place for tourists. A．says B．is said C．said D．was said 【答案】B 【详解】句意：据说这个小村庄将成为一个受欢迎的旅游胜地。It is said that… 是固定句式，意为“据说……”，用一般现在时被动语态。故选B。 8．The ______ of the mobile phone has changed our way of communication greatly. A．invent B．invention C．inventor D．inventing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：手机的发明极大地改变了我们的交流方式。定冠词 The 后需接名词，此处指“发明物”，用 invent 的名词形式 invention。故选B。 9．Edison was a great ______ who gave the world the light bulb. A．invent B．invention C．inventor D．inventing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：爱迪生是一位伟大的发明家，他给世界带来了电灯泡。不定冠词 a 和形容词 great 之后需要指人的名词，inventor 意为“发明家”。故选C。 10．My grandfather ______ smoke a lot, but now he has given it up. A．used to B．was used to C．is used to D．get used to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我爷爷过去常常抽很多烟，但现在他已经戒了。used to do sth. 表示“过去常常做某事”，后接动词原形，与后半句 but now 形成对比。故选A。 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1．With modern technology, we can ______ (quick) the process of sending information. 【答案】quicken 【详解】句意：借助现代技术，我们可以加快信息传输的过程。情态动词 can 后接动词原形；quick 加 -en 变为动词 quicken，意为“加快”。 2．The tailor decided to ______ (short) the sleeves of the coat. 【答案】shorten 【详解】句意：裁缝决定把外套的袖子改短。decide to do sth. 表示“决定做某事”，to 后接动词原形；short 加 -en 变为动词 shorten，意为“缩短”。 3．The hot sun will ______ (hard) the soft clay into a solid shape. 【答案】harden 【详解】句意：烈日会把柔软的黏土晒硬成型。will 后接动词原形；hard 加 -en 变为动词 harden，意为“使变硬”。 4．You can ______ (sweet) the soup by adding a little sugar. 【答案】sweeten 【详解】句意：你可以加一点糖让汤变甜。情态动词 can 后接动词原形；sweet 加 -en 变为动词 sweeten，意为“使变甜”。 5．The teacher asked us to ______ (long) our sentences so that ideas are clearer. 【答案】lengthen 【详解】句意：老师让我们把句子写长一点，使意思更清楚。ask sb. to do sth. 表示“让某人做某事”，to 后接动词原形；long 加 -en 变为动词 lengthen，意为“加长”。 6．Taking more exercise can ______ (strong) your body and keep you healthy. 【答案】strengthen 【详解】句意：多做运动能增强你的体质，让你保持健康。情态动词 can 后接动词原形；strong 加 -en 变为动词 strengthen，意为“加强、增强”。 7．The ______ (discover) of a new star excited all the scientists. 【答案】discovery 【详解】句意：一颗新恒星的发现令所有科学家兴奋不已。the…of 结构中间需填名词，discover 的名词形式为 discovery，意为“发现”。 8．We should provide better ______ (protect) for the wild animals in danger. 【答案】protection 【详解】句意：我们应该为濒危野生动物提供更好的保护。形容词 better 后需接名词，protect 的名词形式为 protection，意为“保护”。 9．He is a famous ______ (invent) with more than fifty patents. 【答案】inventor 【详解】句意：他是一位拥有五十多项专利的著名发明家。此处指人，invent 的名词（人）形式为 inventor，意为“发明家”。 10．The ______ (gold) sunlight of the setting sun filled the whole sky. 【答案】golden 【详解】句意：夕阳金色的余晖洒满整个天空。修饰名词 sunlight 需要形容词，gold 加 -en 变为形容词 golden，意为“金色的”。 三、按要求完成句子 1．这张桌子是由木头制成的。（看得出原材料） The desk ________ ________ ________ wood. 【答案】 is made of 【详解】句意：这张桌子是由木头制成的。成品能看出原材料，用固定短语 be made of；主语 The desk 为单数，句子陈述客观事实用一般现在时，be 动词用 is。故填 is；made；of。 2．这些书是被那位作家写的。 These books ________ ________ by that writer. 【答案】 were written 【详解】句意：这些书是被那位作家写的。主语 These books 与 write 之间是被动关系，books 为复数且动作发生在过去，用一般过去时被动语态 were written。故填 were；written。 3．这座桥是去年建成的。 The bridge ________ ________ last year. 【答案】 was built 【详解】句意：这座桥是去年建成的。时间状语 last year 表明用一般过去时；主语 The bridge 为单数，be 动词用 was，build 的过去分词为 built。故填 was；built。 4．玻璃被用来做窗户。 Glass ________ ________ ________ windows. 【答案】 is used for 【详解】句意：玻璃被用来做窗户。“被用于……”用 be used for，后接名词或动名词；主语 Glass 为不可数名词，视为单数，be 动词用 is。故填 is；used；for。 5．这个年轻人想出国旅行以开阔他的视野。 The young man wants to travel abroad to ________ ________ ________. 【答案】 broaden his horizons 【详解】句意：这个年轻人想出国旅行以开阔他的视野。“开阔视野”用 broaden one's horizons；broaden 由形容词 broad 加 -en 构成，置于不定式符号 to 后用原形，形容词性物主代词 his 修饰 horizons。故填 broaden；his；horizons。 6．这项工作必须在今天完成。 The work ________ ________ ________ today. 【答案】 must be finished 【详解】句意：这项工作必须在今天完成。情态动词 must 后的被动语态结构为“must be + 过去分词”，主语 The work 与 finish 之间是被动关系。故填 must；be；finished。 7．那年许多树被种在山坡上。 Many trees ________ ________ on the hill that year. 【答案】 were planted 【详解】句意：那年许多树被种在山坡上。主语 Many trees 为复数，that year 表明用一般过去时被动语态，be 动词用 were，plant 的过去分词为 planted。故填 were；planted。 8．These new tools are used for repairing cars.（对划线部分提问） ________ ________ these new tools ________ ________? 【答案】 What are used for 【详解】句意：这些新工具被用来修理汽车。对 used for 后的用途提问用 What；被动语态一般现在时的特殊疑问句为 What are these new tools used for?。故填 What；are；used；for。 9．This old house was built in 1930.（对划线部分提问） ________ ________ this old house ________? 【答案】 When was built 【详解】句意：这座老房子建于1930年。对时间状语 in 1930 提问用 When；被动语态一般过去时的特殊疑问句为 When was this old house built?。故填 When；was；built。 10．那部电影上周被很多人观看了。 The film ________ ________ by many people last week. 【答案】 was watched 【详解】句意：那部电影上周被很多人观看了。时间状语 last week 表明用一般过去时；主语 The film 为单数，be 动词用 was，watch 的过去分词为 watched。故填 was；watched。 四、完形填空 Passage 1 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A team of high school students in a coastal city have developed a storm-shelter app. It helps people find shelters (庇护所) quickly during bad weather. The team started by 1 information about the local shelters from the government website. Then they used AI tools to turn the information into an app. This app 2 all the local shelters on the map. When a storm comes, the app can guide a user 3 to the nearest shelter. It also gives safety instructions to help its users make the best 4 . The local emergency management organization noticed the app and put it on its official website. Mr. Green, their science teacher, thought these students did a good job and he felt very 5 . “The students put what they have learned into practice. They are using 6 to solve real problems. And they try their best to give back to the community. I am sure they will be 7 adults when they grow up,” he said. So far, the app has got thousands of downloads. The young developers never expected that their app would be so 8 . They were truly excited to be able to create something helpful for a large community. “Every year, many storms hit our city. Local people suffer a lot. We are glad that people can 9 our app,” Eric, a team member, said. The team are now working to 10 the app. They will add information about more shelters so that the app can be used across the country. 1. A．clearing B．collecting C．protecting 2. A．shows B．opens C．visits 3. A．directly B．bravely C．personally 4. A．guesses B．preparations C．suggestions 5. A．proud B．sorry C．curious 6. A．biology B．charity C．technology 7. A．honest B．interesting C．responsible 8. A．cheap B．popular C．normal 9. A．turn off B．take over C．benefit from 10. A．copy B．create C．improve 【答案】 1. B 2. A 3. A 4. B 5. A 6. C 7. C 8. B 9. C 10. C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了一群高中生开发了一款风暴庇护所应用程序，帮助人们在恶劣天气下快速找到庇护所，并获得老师和社区的认可。 【详解】1. 句意：团队开始从政府网站收集当地庇护所的信息。 团队开发APP的第一步是从政府网站收集当地庇护所的信息，应用collecting。clearing“清理“；protecting“保护”，均不符。 2. 句意：这个应用在地图上展示所有当地庇护所。 根据“on the map”可知，地图的功能是显示位置，应用shows。opens“打开”；visits“参观”，均不符合逻辑。 3. 句意：当风暴来临时，应用可以直接引导用户去最近的庇护所。 根据“guide a user...to the nearest shelter”可知，导航的作用是指引路线。结合语境，导航引导用户直接到达目的地，应用directly。 bravely“勇敢地”；personally“亲自地”，均不符合导航功能。 4. 句意：它还给出安全指示帮助用户做最好的准备。 根据“safety instructions”可知，APP提供安全指引，帮助用户做好最充分的避险准备，应用preparations。guesses“猜测”；suggestions“建议”，均不符合安全指示的目的。 5. 句意：格林老师觉得学生做得好，感到自豪。 根据“did a good job”可知，老师看到学生做出这么好的成果，内心会感到很骄傲，应用proud。sorry“抱歉”；curious“好奇”，均不符合老师对学生成就的反应。 6. 句意：他们正在使用技术解决实际问题。 根据“developed a storm-shelter app”和“AI tools”可知，涉及科技，开发app属于使用技术，应用technology。biology“生物”；charity“慈善”，均不符合开发app的语境。 7. 句意：我相信他们长大后会成为有责任感的成年人。 根据“give back to the community”可知，他们回馈社会。回馈社区体现责任感，应用responsible。honest“诚实”；interesting“有趣”，均不能体现回馈社区的品质。 8. 句意：年轻开发者没想到应用会如此受欢迎。 根据“got thousands of downloads”可知，下载量很大。结合常识，下载量大说明应用受欢迎，应用popular。cheap“便宜”；normal“正常”，均不能体现下载量大。 9. 句意：我们很高兴人们能从我们的应用中受益。 根据“create something helpful”可知，应用有帮助。有帮助的应用让人们受益，需用benefit from。turn off“关闭”；take over“接管”，均不符。 10. 句意：团队现在正努力改进应用。 根据“add information of more shelters”可知，在原有基础上增加功能。增加信息是为了完善应用，应用improve。copy“复制”；create“创造”，均不符合在现有基础上增加信息的语境。 Passage 2 阅读下面短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。 A special bus is coming now. It 1 like a cartoon panda-with round black “ears” and shiny “eyes”. This bus is about 11 meters long, and it can carry 28 people each time. A young Chinese 2 made it. It has many things to make kids happy, like bright colors and panda stickers. The Smart Panda Bus has lots of AI features. It can 3 many smart jobs. For example, it drives without a driver. Don’t be nervous-it has little sensors（传感器）everywhere to keep away from danger, so it’s much 4 than regular buses. When you want to get 5 the bus, just raise your face near the scanner（扫描仪）by the door. It will read your face and let you in soon-no bus card needed. When you press the “get off” button, it will remind（提醒）you 6 , “Don’t forget your things!” before stopping. There are small robots on the bus, too. You can 7 them, like asking “Is this stop near the library?” or “Can I get a cup of tea?” Now, people in some 8 in China, such as Suzhou, Nanjing and Wuxi, can take this smart bus. Many students in these places enjoy it. They take it to school almost every day. Inside the bus, there’s a small vending machine. You can buy cakes, milk or fruit from it 9 you feel hungry on the way. What’s more, this bus uses clean power, so it doesn’t pollute the air. It’s not just a bus-it’s a 10 technology friend on the street! 1. A．tastes B．sounds C．looks 2. A．problem B．team C．lesson 3. A．write B．draw C．finish 4. A．safer B．lighter C．darker 5. A．on B．off C．down 6. A．recently B．softly C．angrily 7. A．look at B．laugh at C．talk to 8. A．cities B．farms C．villages 9. A．though B．when C．until 10. A．difficult B．boring C．cool 【答案】 1. C 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. B 10. C 【导语】本文介绍了一种外形像熊猫、充满AI功能的智能巴士，包括其外观设计、智能功能（无人驾驶、人脸识别、语音提醒、机器人交互）、使用地区和环保特点。 【详解】1. 句意：它看起来像一只卡通熊猫——有圆圆的黑色“耳朵”和闪亮的“眼睛”。 描述巴士的外貌特征，用感官动词“looks like”表示“看起来像”。tastes like“尝起来像”，sounds like“听起来像”，均不符合视觉描述。 2. 句意：一个年轻的中国团队制造了它。 空格后“made it”表示“制造它”，主语应是制作团队。“team”意为“团队”，符合语境。problem“问题”，lesson“课程”，均不匹配。 3. 句意：它能完成许多智能工作。 此处表示“执行/完成”工作，用“finish”。“write”写，“draw”画，均与“jobs”搭配不当。 混淆项：write“写”、draw“画”。 4. 句意：它比普通巴士安全得多。 句中“than”提示比较级，前文提到“传感器避开危险”，说明更“安全”，用“safer”。lighter“更轻”，darker“更暗”，均不符合。 5. 句意：当你想上车时，只需把脸靠近门边的扫描仪。 固定搭配“get on”表示“上车”，与“bus”搭配。“get off”下车，“get down”下来，均不符合“上车”的语境。 6. 句意：它会温柔地提醒你“别忘了你的东西！”。 修饰动词“remind”需用副词，表示提醒的语气“温柔地”，用“softly”。recently“最近”，angrily“生气地”，均不符合友好的提醒语气。 7. 句意：你可以和它们说话，比如问…… 后面举例问问题，说明是与机器人“交谈”，用“talk to”。look at“看”，laugh at“嘲笑”，均不符合互动的语境。 8. 句意：现在中国的一些城市，如苏州、南京和无锡，可以乘坐这辆智能巴士。 列举的城市名称说明这里是“城市”，用“cities”。farms“农场”，villages“村庄”，均不符合。 9. 句意：当你在路上感到饿的时候，可以从自动售货机买东西。 表示“当……时”用“when”，引导时间状语从句。though“虽然”，until“直到”，均不符合“感到饿时”的时间逻辑。 10. 句意：它不仅仅是公交车——它是街上一个很酷的技术朋友。 前文描述智能巴士的多种先进功能，用“cool”表示“很酷的”，符合正面评价。difficult“困难的”，boring“无聊的”，均不符合语境。 五、短文填空 Passage 3 阅读下面短文，根据语境、音标或所给单词的提示，填入适当的词或所给词的适当形式，每空不多于两个单词，要求所填的词意义准确，形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 With the development of science and technology, teachers have lots of methods to take their lessons now. One of 1 is PPT. It’s very 2 (help) for their teaching. But their hands are often injured because 3 the wrong way during the use of PPT. This makes them feel uncomfortable when they 4 PPT. 5 (luck), a kind of new gloves has solved the problem. By putting on these special gloves, teachers can stay warm 6 don’t have to worry about hurting their hands while using touchscreens. The special gloves 7 invented by Tang Renjia, a junior 3 student from Suzhou Science and Technology Town Foreign Language School. She received 8 patent certificate (专利证书) issued by the State Intellectual Property Office for her invention. Two years ago, Tang noticed that her teacher’s fingers were injured after using a touchscreen for a long period of 9 . Tang wanted to do something about this. She learned how to use high-technology materials 10 (make) gloves for her teacher. Her multi-functional (多功能的) gloves can keep people’s hands warmer and keep their skin safer when they are using touchscreen devices. 【答案】 1. them 2. helpful 3. of 4. use 5. Luckily 6. and 7. were 8. a 9. time 10. to make 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了苏州科技城外国语学校初三学生唐仁佳发明多功能手套，解决教师因长期使用PPT触屏导致手部受伤的问题，并获得了国家专利证书。 【详解】1. 句意：其中之一是PPT。“one of”后接可数名词复数，表示“……之一”，此处指“方法”之一，应用代词them指代methods。 2. 句意：这对他们的教学非常有帮助。作be动词的表语，应用形容词，help的形容词为helpful，意为“有帮助的”。 3. 句意：但他们的手经常因为使用PPT的方式不当而受伤。“because of”为固定短语，意为“因为”，后接名词或动名词短语。 4. 句意：这让他们在使用PPT时感到不舒服。此处描述经常性动作，应用一般现在时，主语“they”为复数，谓语动词用原形。故填use。 5. 句意：幸运的是，一种新型手套解决了这个问题。作状语修饰整个句子，应用副词，luck的副词为luckily，意为“幸运地”，位于句首首字母大写。故填Luckily。 6. 句意：戴上这些特殊手套，老师们既能保暖，又不必担心使用触摸屏时伤到手。前后为并列关系，连接两个并列谓语，应用and。 7. 句意：这种特殊手套是由苏州科技城外国语学校初三学生唐仁佳发明的。主语“gloves”与invent之间为被动关系，描述过去事实，应用一般过去时的被动语态，复数主语助动词用were。 8. 句意：她因这项发明获得了国家知识产权局颁发的专利证书。此处泛指“一份专利证书”，且“patent”以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。 9. 句意：两年前，唐注意到她的老师在使用触摸屏长时间后手指受伤了。“a long period of time”为固定搭配，意为“很长一段时间”，time在此处表示“时间”，为不可数名词。 10. 句意：她学会了如何使用高科技材料为老师制作手套。此处表示“制作手套”的目的，应用不定式作目的状语。故填to make。 Passage 4 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Now there are over 30 million deaf (聋的) children around the world. Deaf children often have difficulty in 1 (learn) to read. To make a difference, smartphone maker Huawei is 2 (will) to help out, and it has created an AI app called StorySign. The app is easy to use. First, open the app. Then, take out your book and scan (扫描) the 3 (page) with your phone. After that, an AI character called Star will turn the words into sign language (手语), helping deaf children enjoy 4 good read. The developers designed Star to be like an older sister or a friend, 5 they wanted kids to feel close to her. Star can help deaf children read and understand books. She is also able 6 (express) herself fully in sign language. She even wears a hearing aid (助听器). In this way, deaf children can not only learn to read, but also enjoy spending time 7 the AI character. So far, the app 8 (help) thousands of families around the world. And now it is available (可用的) in 14 different sign languages, giving deaf children a 9 (practice) tool to make reading easier. “We just want to help families with deaf children to enjoy a 10 (relax) story time,” said a Huawei worker. 【答案】 1. learning 2. willing 3. pages 4. a 5. because 6. to express 7. with 8. has helped 9. practical 10. relaxing 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一款名为StorySign的AI应用程序，它能够将书本上的文字转化为手语，从而帮助失聪儿童更好地进行阅读。 【详解】1. 句意：失聪儿童在学习阅读方面经常有困难。have difficulty in doing sth.意为“做某事有困难”，介词in后须接动名词形式learning。 2. 句意：为了改变这种状况，智能手机制造商华为愿意提供帮助，并开发了一款名为StorySign的AI应用程序。be willing to do sth.意为“乐意做某事”，因此填willing。 3. 句意：然后，拿出你的书，用手机扫描书页。page是可数名词，此处指书本上的书页，表示复数意义，因此填名词复数pages。 4. 句意：之后，一个名叫Star的AI角色会将文字转化为手语，帮助失聪儿童享受美好的阅读时光。read在此处作名词，意为“阅读时光”，enjoy a good read意为“享受美好的阅读时光”，此处泛指一段美好的阅读时光，需要用不定冠词a。 5. 句意：开发者将Star设计得像一个姐姐或朋友，因为他们希望孩子们能对她感到亲近。分析句子结构可知，前后两句为因果关系，后句是解释前句的原因，因此填because。 6. 句意：她还能够用手语充分表达自己。be able to do sth.意为“能够做某事”，设空处应填动词不定式to express。 7. 句意：这样，失聪儿童不仅能学习阅读，还能享受与这个AI角色共度的时光。spend time with sb.意为“和某人一起度过时光”，因此填介词with。 8. 句意：到目前为止，这款应用程序已经帮助了全世界成千上万的家庭。根据句首的时间状语“So far”可知，句子应用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has+过去分词”；主语the app为第三人称单数，助动词用has，因此填has helped。 9. 句意：现在它支持14种不同的手语，为失聪儿童提供了一个实用的工具，让阅读变得更容易。设空处修饰后面的名词tool，应用形容词形式作定语；practice的形容词为practical，意为“实用的”。 10. 句意：一名华为员工说：“我们只是想帮助有失聪儿童的家庭享受一段令人放松的故事时光。”设空处修饰名词短语“story time”，指事物的特征，应用-ing结尾的形容词relaxing，意为“令人放松的”。 六、选词填空 Passage 5 从方框中选择适当的单词填入空白处，每词限用一次 traditional, Britain, communication, hobby, improvements, plan, difficulties, success, inventions, nobody Noodles are an important part of 1 Chinese food. They are so delicious and they are one of the greatest 2 . Nobody knows who invented them. The first stamp was invented in 3 by Sir Rowland Hill. It changed the way of 4 . Many people collect stamps as a 5 . To become an inventor, you can start with finding a problem. Look around and try to make 6 . Then you should have a good 7 . If you have 8 , ask for help. Never give up and keep on trying! Difficulties are just stepping stones toward 9 . And remember, 10 knew the inventor of noodles, but they are still enjoyed by millions. 【答案】 1. traditional 2. inventions 3. Britain 4. communication 5. hobby 6. improvements 7. plan 8. difficulties 9. success 10. nobody 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要围绕发明创造展开，介绍了面条、邮票相关知识，并且讲述成为发明家的方法，告诉我们遇到困难不要放弃。 【详解】1. 句意：面条是中国传统食物重要的一部分。此空表示“传统的”，需要形容词作定语修饰名词Chinese food。本句介绍面条属于中国食物，方框内traditional为形容词意为“传统的”，traditional Chinese food表示“中国传统食物”，语义匹配。 2. 句意：它们十分美味，并且它们是最伟大的发明之一。此处指“发明”，one of +the+形容词最高级+复数名词，是固定结构，表示“最……之一”。前文讲面条，后文提到“Nobody knows who invented them”，线索词invented提示和发明相关；方框内inventions复数名词意为“发明”。 3. 句意：第一枚邮票是由Rowland Hill爵士在英国发明的。in后接地点名词，方框内Britain意为“英国”，in Britain表示“在英国”，符合邮票发明的地点语境。 4. 句意：它改变了沟通的方式。此处指“沟通”，需要名词构成the way of …“……的方式”。it指代邮票，邮票改变人们沟通往来；方框内communication是名词，意为“交流，沟通”，the way of communication意为“沟通的方式”。 5. 句意：很多人把集邮当作一项爱好。此处指“爱好”，空格放在不定冠词a后面，需要单数可数名词。 collect stamps“集邮”，集邮是一种业余喜好；方框内hobby是单数名词，意为“爱好”。   6. 句意：环顾四周，努力做出改进。此处指“做出改进”，空格放在make后面，需要名词作宾语。方框内improvements是名词复数，意为“改进，改善”，make improvements表示“做出改进”，固定搭配。 7. 句意：然后你应该有一个好的计划。此处指“一个好的计划”，空格放在不定冠词a和形容词good之后，需要单数可数名词。成为发明家，发现问题、做出改进之后，需要有方案；方框内plan为单数名词，意为“计划”，a good plan意为“一个好的计划”，符合做事逻辑。 8. 句意：如果你遇到困难，就寻求帮助。此处指“遇到困难”，空格放在have后面，需要名词作宾语。后文提到“ask for help”，遇到难处才会求助；方框内difficulties是复数名词，意为“困难”，have difficulties表示“遇到困难”，符合上下文逻辑。 9. 句意：困难只是通往成功的垫脚石。此处指“成功”，toward后接名词，表示努力的方向是成功，困难是通向成功的基石，方框内success是名词，意为“成功”，toward success表示“通往成功”，语义匹配。 10. 句意：记住，没有人知道面条的发明者，但它们至今仍被数百万人喜爱。此处作主语，呼应文章开头提到的“Nobody knows who invented them”，方框内nobody是不定代词，意为“没有人”。 Passage 6 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 thousand  we  familiar  write  begin  way  make  invention  use  be We can see many inventions around 1 every day. Some of the 2 have already changed our lives and made our world more beautiful. Paper is a kind of 3 invention. There was no paper for people to use a few 4 years ago. A lot of inventors in China wanted to find a new way for people to make a thing that could be 5 on. It must be cheap and light enough. A kind of paper was invented at the 6 of the Han Dynasty, but it was too thin and soft. So most authors preferred to use the heavy bamboo rather than use this kind of paper. At that time, there 7 a man called Cai Lun. He was very 8 with the technique and then he made a new kind of paper. This new kind of paper was 9 of wood, used cloth and something that was very cheap and quite easy to get. As a result, people now in the world are still using the paper—it is made in a certain 10 . Cai Lun began to use this way first. 【答案】 1. us 2. inventions 3. useful 4. thousand 5. written 6. beginning 7. was 8. familiar 9. made 10. way 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了我们身边的发明，并重点讲述了纸的发明历史以及蔡伦改进造纸术的故事。 【详解】1. 句意：我们每天可以看到我们周围有很多发明。根据“around...every day”可知，此处需要一个代词，作介词“around”的宾语，表示“我们”，we是主格，宾格是us。 2. 句意：一些发明已经改变了我们的生活并让我们的世界更加美丽。此处指前一句中提到的“inventions”，some of the后接可数名词复数，invention的复数形式是inventions。 3. 句意：纸是一种有用的发明。此处应填形容词修饰名词“invention”，纸是有用的，需用use的形容词形式useful，表示“有用的”。 4. 句意：几千年前人们没有纸用。根据“a few...years ago”可知，此处需要一个数词，表示“几千”，“thousand”意为“千”，a few后接具体数字thousand不加s。 5. 句意：中国的许多发明家想为人们找到一种新的方法，用来制作可以在上面书写的东西。根据“on”可知，此处需要一个动词的过去分词，与“be”构成被动语态，表示“被书写”，write“写”是动词原形，过去分词是written。 6. 句意：在汉朝初期就已经发明了一种纸，但它太薄太软。根据“at the...of the Han Dynasty”可知，此处表示汉朝初期，at the beginning of为固定搭配，意为“在……初期”，begin的名词形式是beginning。 7. 句意：那时，有一个叫蔡伦的人。此处是there be句型，根据上下文可知，时态为一般过去时，“man”是单数，be动词用was。 8. 句意：他对这项技术非常熟悉，然后制作了一种新的纸。根据“he made a new kind of paper”可知，蔡伦对这项技术非常熟悉；be familiar with为固定搭配，意为“熟悉……”。 9. 句意：这种新纸是用木头、旧布和其他便宜且容易得到的东西制成的。根据“of wood, used cloth”可知，此处表示“由……制成”；be made of 为固定搭配，意为“由……制成”，make的过去分词是made。 10. 句意：因此，现在世界上的人们仍然在使用这种纸——它是用某种特定的方法制成的。in a certain way意为“以某种方式”，way符合语境。 2 / 15乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $单元核心语法精练 Unit 3 Great Ideas （新教材仁爱版） （后缀 -en 和被动语态） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 表格梳理了后缀 -en 的构词规则、核心例词与派生名词，以及被动语态（一般现在时、一般过去时）的构成、用法、否定疑问与常见易混短语，清晰呈现其构词规律与语法特点。 模块 内容 结构 / 规则 典型例句及翻译 后缀 -en 基本含义 形容词 + -en → 动词，表示“使……；变得……”；名词 + -en → 形容词，表示“由……制成的” wide→widen（加宽）；wood→wooden（木制的） 构词规则 直接在形容词或名词后加 -en 构成新词，词根本身含义基本不变 deep→deepen；soft→soften；sharp→sharpen 核心例词 widen / sharpen / deepen / quicken / soften / harden / shorten / brighten / darken / sweeten The road needs to be widened.（这条路需要加宽。） 特殊变形 long→lengthen；strong→strengthen，两个特殊变形需单独记忆 Exercise can strengthen your body.（锻炼能增强你的体质。） 派生名词 动词常派生出 -ment / -tion 等名词形式 achieve→achievement；invent→invention；develop→development 被动语态（一般现在时、一般过去时） 基本概念 主动语态主语是动作发出者；被动语态主语是动作承受者 We invent new things.→New things are invented by us. 谓语结构 一般现在时被动：am/is/are + 过去分词 一般过去时被动：was/were + 过去分词 Paper is made from wood.（纸由木头制成。） 基本用法 强调动作承受者；不知道或不必说明执行者；用 by 引出执行者 The new building was built by the workers.（新楼是工人们建造的。） 否定与疑问 否定：be + not + 过去分词 一般疑问：Be + 主语 + 过去分词？ —Was the bridge built in 2012?（这座桥是2012年建成的吗？） 不及物动词 happen / take place / appear / belong to 等不及物动词无被动语态 The accident happened last night.（事故发生在昨晚。） 易混短语 be made of（看得出原料）/ be made from（看不出原料）；be used for + 动名词 / be used to + 动词原形 The desk is made of wood.（这张桌子是木头做的。） 固定句式 It is said/reported/well-known that… 常用被动语态 It is said that she is 109 years old.（据说她109岁了。） 使用注意事项 1. 后缀 -en 的两类构词：形容词 + -en 构成动词（如 widen、sharpen、deepen、shorten），表示“使……；变得……”；名词 + -en 构成形容词（如 wooden、woolen、golden），表示“由……制成的”。 2. 特殊变形：long→lengthen、strong→strengthen 并非常规“直接加 -en”的结果，需单独记忆，含义分别为“加长”“加强”。 3. 被动语态的构成与时态：一般现在时被动为 am/is/are + 过去分词，一般过去时被动为 was/were + 过去分词；过去分词须由及物动词充当。 4. 不及物动词无被动语态：happen、take place、appear、belong to 等不及物动词（短语）没有被动语态，只能用主动形式。 5. be made of 与 be made from：成品能看出原材料用 be made of（如桌子—木头），看不出原材料（发生化学变化）用 be made from（如纸—木头）。 6. be used for 与 be used to：be used for 后接名词或动名词，表示“被用于……”；be used to 后接动词原形，表示“被用来做……”；注意与 used to do（过去常常）区分。 一、单项选择 1．Robots ______ to do dangerous work in many factories now. A．use B．are used C．used D．were used 2．This beautiful ring ______ silver, and you can see its bright surface clearly. A．is made of B．is made from C．is made in D．is made by 3．These knives ______ cutting meat in the kitchen. A．are used for B．are used to C．used for D．used to 4．The workers ______ a new bridge over the river last year. A．build B．built C．were built D．are built 5．The window was broken ______ a naughty boy yesterday. A．with B．by C．for D．to 6．This kind of plant ______ to the south of China, so you can't find it in the north. A．belongs B．is belonged C．belonged D．is belonging 7．It ______ that this small village will become a popular place for tourists. A．says B．is said C．said D．was said 8．The ______ of the mobile phone has changed our way of communication greatly. A．invent B．invention C．inventor D．inventing 9．Edison was a great ______ who gave the world the light bulb. A．invent B．invention C．inventor D．inventing 10．My grandfather ______ smoke a lot, but now he has given it up. A．used to B．was used to C．is used to D．get used to 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1．With modern technology, we can ______ (quick) the process of sending information. 2．The tailor decided to ______ (short) the sleeves of the coat. 3．The hot sun will ______ (hard) the soft clay into a solid shape. 4．You can ______ (sweet) the soup by adding a little sugar. 5．The teacher asked us to ______ (long) our sentences so that ideas are clearer. 6．Taking more exercise can ______ (strong) your body and keep you healthy. 7．The ______ (discover) of a new star excited all the scientists. 8．We should provide better ______ (protect) for the wild animals in danger. 9．He is a famous ______ (invent) with more than fifty patents. 10．The ______ (gold) sunlight of the setting sun filled the whole sky. 三、按要求完成句子 1．这张桌子是由木头制成的。（看得出原材料） The desk ________ ________ ________ wood. 2．这些书是被那位作家写的。 These books ________ ________ by that writer. 3．这座桥是去年建成的。 The bridge ________ ________ last year. 4．玻璃被用来做窗户。 Glass ________ ________ ________ windows. 5．这个年轻人想出国旅行以开阔他的视野。 The young man wants to travel abroad to ________ ________ ________. 6．这项工作必须在今天完成。 The work ________ ________ ________ today. 7．那年许多树被种在山坡上。 Many trees ________ ________ on the hill that year. 8．These new tools are used for repairing cars.（对划线部分提问） ________ ________ these new tools ________ ________? 9．This old house was built in 1930.（对划线部分提问） ________ ________ this old house ________? 10．那部电影上周被很多人观看了。 The film ________ ________ by many people last week. 四、完形填空 Passage 1 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A team of high school students in a coastal city have developed a storm-shelter app. It helps people find shelters (庇护所) quickly during bad weather. The team started by 1 information about the local shelters from the government website. Then they used AI tools to turn the information into an app. This app 2 all the local shelters on the map. When a storm comes, the app can guide a user 3 to the nearest shelter. It also gives safety instructions to help its users make the best 4 . The local emergency management organization noticed the app and put it on its official website. Mr. Green, their science teacher, thought these students did a good job and he felt very 5 . “The students put what they have learned into practice. They are using 6 to solve real problems. And they try their best to give back to the community. I am sure they will be 7 adults when they grow up,” he said. So far, the app has got thousands of downloads. The young developers never expected that their app would be so 8 . They were truly excited to be able to create something helpful for a large community. “Every year, many storms hit our city. Local people suffer a lot. We are glad that people can 9 our app,” Eric, a team member, said. The team are now working to 10 the app. They will add information about more shelters so that the app can be used across the country. 1. A．clearing B．collecting C．protecting 2. A．shows B．opens C．visits 3. A．directly B．bravely C．personally 4. A．guesses B．preparations C．suggestions 5. A．proud B．sorry C．curious 6. A．biology B．charity C．technology 7. A．honest B．interesting C．responsible 8. A．cheap B．popular C．normal 9. A．turn off B．take over C．benefit from 10. A．copy B．create C．improve Passage 2 阅读下面短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。 A special bus is coming now. It 1 like a cartoon panda-with round black “ears” and shiny “eyes”. This bus is about 11 meters long, and it can carry 28 people each time. A young Chinese 2 made it. It has many things to make kids happy, like bright colors and panda stickers. The Smart Panda Bus has lots of AI features. It can 3 many smart jobs. For example, it drives without a driver. Don’t be nervous-it has little sensors（传感器）everywhere to keep away from danger, so it’s much 4 than regular buses. When you want to get 5 the bus, just raise your face near the scanner（扫描仪）by the door. It will read your face and let you in soon-no bus card needed. When you press the “get off” button, it will remind（提醒）you 6 , “Don’t forget your things!” before stopping. There are small robots on the bus, too. You can 7 them, like asking “Is this stop near the library?” or “Can I get a cup of tea?” Now, people in some 8 in China, such as Suzhou, Nanjing and Wuxi, can take this smart bus. Many students in these places enjoy it. They take it to school almost every day. Inside the bus, there’s a small vending machine. You can buy cakes, milk or fruit from it 9 you feel hungry on the way. What’s more, this bus uses clean power, so it doesn’t pollute the air. It’s not just a bus-it’s a 10 technology friend on the street! 1. A．tastes B．sounds C．looks 2. A．problem B．team C．lesson 3. A．write B．draw C．finish 4. A．safer B．lighter C．darker 5. A．on B．off C．down 6. A．recently B．softly C．angrily 7. A．look at B．laugh at C．talk to 8. A．cities B．farms C．villages 9. A．though B．when C．until 10. A．difficult B．boring C．cool 五、短文填空 Passage 3 阅读下面短文，根据语境、音标或所给单词的提示，填入适当的词或所给词的适当形式，每空不多于两个单词，要求所填的词意义准确，形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 With the development of science and technology, teachers have lots of methods to take their lessons now. One of 1 is PPT. It’s very 2 (help) for their teaching. But their hands are often injured because 3 the wrong way during the use of PPT. This makes them feel uncomfortable when they 4 PPT. 5 (luck), a kind of new gloves has solved the problem. By putting on these special gloves, teachers can stay warm 6 don’t have to worry about hurting their hands while using touchscreens. The special gloves 7 invented by Tang Renjia, a junior 3 student from Suzhou Science and Technology Town Foreign Language School. She received 8 patent certificate (专利证书) issued by the State Intellectual Property Office for her invention. Two years ago, Tang noticed that her teacher’s fingers were injured after using a touchscreen for a long period of 9 . Tang wanted to do something about this. She learned how to use high-technology materials 10 (make) gloves for her teacher. Her multi-functional (多功能的) gloves can keep people’s hands warmer and keep their skin safer when they are using touchscreen devices. Passage 4 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Now there are over 30 million deaf (聋的) children around the world. Deaf children often have difficulty in 1 (learn) to read. To make a difference, smartphone maker Huawei is 2 (will) to help out, and it has created an AI app called StorySign. The app is easy to use. First, open the app. Then, take out your book and scan (扫描) the 3 (page) with your phone. After that, an AI character called Star will turn the words into sign language (手语), helping deaf children enjoy 4 good read. The developers designed Star to be like an older sister or a friend, 5 they wanted kids to feel close to her. Star can help deaf children read and understand books. She is also able 6 (express) herself fully in sign language. She even wears a hearing aid (助听器). In this way, deaf children can not only learn to read, but also enjoy spending time 7 the AI character. So far, the app 8 (help) thousands of families around the world. And now it is available (可用的) in 14 different sign languages, giving deaf children a 9 (practice) tool to make reading easier. “We just want to help families with deaf children to enjoy a 10 (relax) story time,” said a Huawei worker. 六、选词填空 Passage 5 从方框中选择适当的单词填入空白处，每词限用一次 traditional, Britain, communication, hobby, improvements, plan, difficulties, success, inventions, nobody Noodles are an important part of 1 Chinese food. They are so delicious and they are one of the greatest 2 . Nobody knows who invented them. The first stamp was invented in 3 by Sir Rowland Hill. It changed the way of 4 . Many people collect stamps as a 5 . To become an inventor, you can start with finding a problem. Look around and try to make 6 . Then you should have a good 7 . If you have 8 , ask for help. Never give up and keep on trying! Difficulties are just stepping stones toward 9 . And remember, 10 knew the inventor of noodles, but they are still enjoyed by millions. Passage 6 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 thousand  we  familiar  write  begin  way  make  invention  use  be We can see many inventions around 1 every day. Some of the 2 have already changed our lives and made our world more beautiful. Paper is a kind of 3 invention. There was no paper for people to use a few 4 years ago. A lot of inventors in China wanted to find a new way for people to make a thing that could be 5 on. It must be cheap and light enough. A kind of paper was invented at the 6 of the Han Dynasty, but it was too thin and soft. So most authors preferred to use the heavy bamboo rather than use this kind of paper. At that time, there 7 a man called Cai Lun. He was very 8 with the technique and then he made a new kind of paper. This new kind of paper was 9 of wood, used cloth and something that was very cheap and quite easy to get. As a result, people now in the world are still using the paper—it is made in a certain 10 . Cai Lun began to use this way first. 8 / 8乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $