Unit 1 The Changing World 现在完成时(I)与后缀-ment（核心语法精练）-【简语法-单元核心语法精练】2026～2027学年仁爱科普版英语九年级上册

该初中英语学习任务单以“Unit 1 The Changing World”为主题，聚焦现在完成时（I）和后缀 -ment 两大核心语法点，通过表格系统梳理构成规则、典型例句及应用场景，设计“核心语法回顾-专项能力突破-解题综合提升”递进式任务，构建从基础理解到综合应用的完整学习路径。 亮点在于“语法辨析+语境实践”的融合设计，如通过“现在完成时与一般过去时区别”“have been to/have gone to 用法对比”培养思维品质，结合“家乡变化”短文填空任务提升语言能力。任务实例包括用 never 改写句子、瞬间动词转换延续性动词等，为教师提供分层练习资源，支持学生深度学习和能力发展。

单元核心语法精练 Unit 1 The Changing World （新教材仁爱版） （现在完成时(I)、后缀 -ment） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 表格梳理了现在完成时（I）与后缀 -ment 的构成、核心用法、结构、典型例句及翻译，清晰呈现其时态特点与应用场景。 模块 内容 结构 / 规则 典型例句及翻译 现在完成时（I） 基本定义 表示过去发生的动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果；也可表示从过去持续到现在的动作或状态 I have just finished my homework.（我刚完成作业。） 谓语结构 肯定式：主语 + have/has + 过去分词 否定式：主语 + haven't / hasn't + 过去分词 She has seen the film.（她看过这部电影。） 疑问结构 Have / Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他？ —Have you ever been to Beijing?（你去过北京吗？） 核心标志词 already / just / yet / ever / never / recently / lately He has already left.（他已经走了。） 时长标志词 for + 时间段；since + 时间点 / 从句 I have lived here for ten years.（我住在这里十年了。） 易混结构 have been to 去过（已回）/ have gone to 去了（未回）/ have been in 待在某地 He has gone to Shanghai.（他去了上海。） 常见误区 与 yesterday、last week 等明确过去时间连用；瞬间动词与时间段连用；过去分词拼写错误 —I saw him yesterday.（我昨天见过他。） 后缀 -ment 基本功能 后缀 -ment 加在动词后构成名词 Her encouragement gave me power.（她的鼓励给了我力量。） 构词规则 多数动词直接加 -ment；以不发音 e 结尾的动词保留 e 加 -ment；部分以 -ue 结尾的动词去 e 加 -ment develop→development；improve→improvement；argue→argument 核心例词 amusement / improvement / achievement / argument / payment / movement / agreement We reached an agreement.（我们达成了协议。） 句中功能 在句中可作主语、宾语、表语；常被形容词修饰 The improvement is surprising.（这一改善令人惊讶。） 常见易错点 拼写错误：遗漏字母、错改词尾（注意 -ment 前是否保留 e） improvement（×improvment）；argument（×arguement） 使用注意事项 1. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，不能与 yesterday、last week 等明确过去时间连用；句中出现明确过去时间时应改用一般过去时。 2. already 与 yet 的位置与句式：already 多用于肯定句，常置于助动词 have/has 之后；yet 多用于否定句和疑问句，通常置于句末。 3. have been to / have gone to / have been in 辨析：have been to 表示“去过某地（已返回）”；have gone to 表示“去了某地（未返回）”，不可用于第一人称；have been in 表示“待在某地”，常与时间段连用。 4. for 与 since 的区别：for 后接时间段，since 后接时间点或一般过去时的从句，二者均与现在完成时连用，表示动作或状态持续的时间。 5. 瞬间动词的用法：come、go、buy、borrow、finish、die 等瞬间动词不能与表示时间段的 for/since 直接连用，需改用相应的延续性动词（如 buy→have）。 6. -ment 构词与拼写：多数动词直接加 -ment；以不发音 e 结尾的动词多数保留 e（improve→improvement）；以 -ue 结尾的动词去 e（argue→argument），注意不要漏写或错改词尾。 一、单项选择 1．The scientists ________ discovered a new planet far from the earth. A．has already B．have already C．already have D．already has 【答案】B 【详解】句意：科学家们已经发现了一颗距地球很远的新行星。already 多用于肯定句，常置于助动词 have/has 之后；主语 scientists 为复数，助动词用 have。故选B。 2．________ your parents ________ the news about the school trip yet? A．Have; heard B．Has; heard C．Did; hear D．Do; hear 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你父母已经听到学校旅行的消息了吗？句末的 yet 是现在完成时的标志词，常用于疑问句；主语 your parents 为复数，助动词用 Have，hear 的过去分词为 heard。故选A。 3．—________ you ever ________ a traditional Chinese tea ceremony? —No, but I really hope to. A．Did; attend B．Do; attend C．Have; attended D．Has; attended 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你曾经参加过传统的中国茶道吗？——没有，但我真的很想体验。ever 是现在完成时的标志词，表示“曾经”；现在完成时的一般疑问句结构为“Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词”，主语是 you，助动词用 Have，attend 的过去分词为 attended。故选C。 4．I ________ seen such a beautiful sunrise over the lake before. It was amazing. A．have never B．never have C．has never D．never has 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我以前从未见过湖面上如此美丽的日出。真是太美了。never 常与 before 连用，表示“从未”，置于助动词 have/has 之后；主语 I 为第一人称，助动词用 have。故选A。 5．We ________ good friends for more than six years since we were in primary school. A．are B．were C．have been D．will be 【答案】C 【详解】句意：自从上小学以来，我们已经是好朋友六年多了。since 引导的时间状语从句提示主句用现在完成时，表示动作从过去持续到现在；主语 We 为复数，助动词用 have，be 的过去分词为 been。故选C。 6．She ________ in this quiet village since she graduated from university. A．lives B．lived C．has lived D．will live 【答案】C 【详解】句意：她自从大学毕业就一直住在这个安静的村庄里。since 后接时间点或一般过去时的从句，主句用现在完成时；主语 She 为第三人称单数，助动词用 has，live 的过去分词为 lived。故选C。 7．—Have you ever ________ to Chengdu? —Yes, I ________ there with my family two years ago. A．been; went B．gone; went C．been; have gone D．gone; have been 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你曾经去过成都吗？——去过，我两年前和家人去过那里。have been to 表示“去过某地（已回来）”，there 为副词，前不加 to；答语中的 two years ago 是明确的过去时间，第二空用一般过去时 went。故选A。 8．—May I speak to Mrs. Lin? —Sorry, she ________ to the library. She will be back soon. A．has been B．has gone C．has been in D．went 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我可以和林女士通话吗？——抱歉，她去图书馆了。她很快回来。根据“She will be back soon”可知她去了某地尚未回来，应用 has gone to。故选B。 9．—When ________ you ________ the volunteer work last weekend? —We joined it on Saturday morning. A．have; started B．do; start C．did; start D．has; started 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——上周末你们什么时候开始的志愿工作？——我们周六早上参加的。last weekend 是明确的过去时间状语，谓语动词应用一般过去时；start 的过去式为 started，助动词用 did。故选C。 10．The ________ of the new bridge brought great convenience to the villagers. A．develop B．development C．developing D．developed 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这座新桥的建成给村民们带来了极大的便利。定冠词 The 与 of 短语提示此处需要名词；后缀 -ment 加在动词后构成名词，develop 的名词形式为 development。故选B。 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1．Look! The rain ________ (stop). We can go out and play now. 【答案】has stopped 【详解】句意：看！雨已经停了。我们现在可以出去玩了。Look! 提示动作刚完成且对现在有影响，用现在完成时；主语 The rain 为第三人称单数，助动词用 has，stop 的过去分词为 stopped。 2．Tom ________ (not finish) his homework yet because he doesn't feel well. 【答案】hasn't finished 【详解】句意：汤姆还没有完成作业，因为他感觉不舒服。yet 常用于否定句，表示“还、尚”；主语 Tom 为第三人称单数，现在完成时的否定形式为 hasn't，finish 的过去分词为 finished。 3．________ you ever ________ (visit) the Great Wall in Beijing? 【答案】 Have visited 【详解】句意：你曾经参观过北京的长城吗？ever 是现在完成时的标志词，表示“曾经”；现在完成时的一般疑问句结构为“Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词”，主语是 you，助动词用 Have（句首首字母大写），visit 的过去分词为 visited。 4．My grandparents ________ (live) in this small town for fifty years. 【答案】have lived 【详解】句意：我的祖父母在这个小镇上住了五十年了。for + 时间段提示用现在完成时，表示动作从过去持续到现在；主语 My grandparents 为复数，助动词用 have，live 的过去分词为 lived。 5．He ________ (know) the truth about the accident since yesterday. 【答案】has known 【详解】句意：他从昨天起就知道了事故的真相。since + 时间点提示主句用现在完成时；主语 He 为第三人称单数，助动词用 has，know 的过去分词为 known。 6．—Where is Mike? —He ________ (go) to the sports centre with his classmates. 【答案】has gone 【详解】句意：——迈克在哪里？——他和同学去了体育中心。问句询问迈克当前的位置，说明他不在现场、去了某地尚未回来，用现在完成时 have/has gone to；主语 He 为第三人称单数，用 has gone。 7．I ________ (be) to Hainan Island twice. It is a lovely place. 【答案】have been 【详解】句意：我去过海南岛两次。那是个可爱的地方。twice 表示过去的经历，用现在完成时 have/has been to；主语 I 为第一人称，助动词用 have，be 的过去分词为 been。 8．His great ________ (achieve) in science surprised everyone in the lab. 【答案】achievement 【详解】句意：他在科学上的伟大成就让实验室里的每个人都感到惊讶。物主代词 His 与 in science 提示此处需要名词；动词 achieve 加后缀 -ment 构成名词 achievement，意为“成就”。 9．We can see the ________ (improve) in her spoken English this term. 【答案】improvement 【详解】句意：这学期我们能看到她英语口语的进步。定冠词 The 提示此处需要名词；improve 以不发音的 e 结尾，加 -ment 时保留 e，构成 improvement，意为“改善、进步”。 10．After a long discussion, both sides finally reached an ________ (agree). 【答案】agreement 【详解】句意：经过长时间的讨论，双方最终达成了协议。不定冠词 an 提示此处需要单数名词；agree 变名词时去 e 加 -ment，构成 agreement，意为“协议”。 三、按要求完成句子 1．Has she ever tried Indian food? ________, ________ ________.（作肯定回答） ________, ________ ________.（作否定回答） 【答案】 Yes she has No she hasn't 【详解】句意：她曾经吃过印度菜吗？现在完成时一般疑问句的肯定回答为 Yes, she has，否定回答为 No, she hasn't，故填 Yes；she；has；No；she；hasn't。 2．They have stayed in London for a whole month. （对划线部分提问） ________ ________ they stayed for a whole month? 【答案】 Where have 【详解】句意：他们已经在伦敦待了整整一个月。划线部分 in London 表示地点，对地点提问应用 where，置于句首，首字母大写；原句为现在完成时（have stayed），提问时助动词 have 置于疑问词与主语 they 之间。故填 Where；have。 3．He has broken the cup on the table. （对划线部分提问） ________ has he ________? 【答案】 What done 【详解】句意：他打碎了桌上的杯子。划线部分 broken the cup 是对具体事件提问，应用特殊疑问词 What，置于句首，首字母大写；句子为现在完成时，用实义动词 do 的过去分词 done 替代划线的具体动作。故填 What；done。 4．I have read this interesting book before. I ________ ________ ________ this interesting book.（用 never 改写） 【答案】 have never read 【详解】句意：我以前读过这本有趣的书。never 是表示否定的频度副词，放在助动词之后、过去分词之前；read 的过去分词仍为 read。故填 have；never；read。 5．She has ever visited the zoo in the city. ________ she ever ________ the zoo in the city?（改为一般疑问句） 【答案】 Has visited 【详解】句意：她曾经参观过城里的动物园。原句为现在完成时（has + 过去分词），改为一般疑问句时，将助动词 Has 提到主语 she 前面，动词仍用过去分词 visited，ever 保留在主语之后。 6．He has already closed the window in the classroom. He ________ ________ the window in the classroom ________.（改为否定句） 【答案】 hasn't closed yet 【详解】句意：他已经关上了教室的窗户。原句是现在完成时，结构为“has + 过去分词”；变否定句时在助动词 has 后加 not，缩写为 hasn't，谓语动词 closed 保留；already 在否定句中改为 yet 置于句末。 7．这本书我已经借了两周了。 I ________ ________ this book ________ two weeks.（borrow 改为延续性动词） 【答案】 have kept for 【详解】句意：这本书我已经借了两周了。borrow 是非延续性动词，不能与 for + 时间段连用，须转换为延续性动词 keep；主语 I 用助动词 have，keep 的过去分词为 kept；for + 时间段表示持续。故填 have；kept；for。 8．他的鼓励给了我力量。 His ________ (encourage) gave me power to keep going.（用所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】 encouragement 【详解】句意：他的鼓励给了我继续前行的力量。物主代词 His 提示此处需要名词；动词 encourage 加后缀 -ment 构成名词 encouragement，意为“鼓励”。 9．We have learned English since 2020. （对划线部分提问） ________ ________ have you learned English? 【答案】 How long 【详解】句意：我们从2020年起就学习英语了。划线部分 since 2020 表示起始时间点，对“从何时起”提问用 How long，意为“多久”，置于句首，首字母大写。故填 How；long。 10．我们刚刚完成了一个环保项目。 We ________ just ________ an environmental project.（译成英语） 【答案】 have finished 【详解】句意：我们刚刚完成了一个环保项目。“刚刚”表明动作发生在过去且对现在有影响，应用现在完成时，结构为“have/has + 过去分词”；主语 We 为复数，助动词用 have，finish 的过去分词为 finished。 四、完形填空 Passage 1 阅读下面短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳答案。 When I was growing up, I was very embarrassed (尴尬) to be seen with my father. He was very short and 1 . When we walked together, his hands on my arm for balance, people would strangely look at 2 . Our usual walk was to or from the 3 , on which he would get to work. He almost never missed a day. When snow or ice was on the ground, it was 4 for him to walk, even with help. On such days, I would 5 him through the streets on a child’s wagon (推车) to the subway station. He never pitied himself or envied (嫉妒) other people who were able to walk normally. What he 6 in others was a “good heart”, even though I still don’t know exactly what a “good heart” is. My father still tried to do the same things that others did 7 he couldn’t do them the same way. For example, he liked to go to dances. He could have a good time just sitting and watching 8 dancing. Now I know that he took part in some things through me. When I played basketball, he “played” too. When I joined the navy (海军), he “joined” too. He would introduce me to his workmates, saying 9 , “This is my son, but it is also me. I would have joined the navy, too, if things had been different.” He has been gone for many years. But the quality he had 10 me balanced when I face something unpleasant, when I envy others’ good luck, when I don’t have a “good heart”. 1. A．fat B．weak C．disabled 2. A．him B．me C．us 3. A．subway B．bus C．airport 4. A．impossible B．careful C．necessary 5. A．lead B．pull C．drive 6. A．looked up B．looked after C．looked for 7. A．or B．and C．though 8. A．instead of B．in case of C．because of 9. A．angrily B．proudly C．sadly 10. A．keeps B．loses C．breaks 【答案】 1. C 2. C 3. A 4. A 5. B 6. C 7. C 8. A 9. B 10. A 【导语】本文是记叙文。讲述作者回忆与残疾父亲相处的往事，父亲虽身体不便但心态积极，其品质深深影响了作者的成长。 【详解】1. 句意：他又矮又残疾。 根据“his hands on my arm for balance”，可知他身体有缺陷，disabled“残疾的”符合语境。fat“胖的”、weak“虚弱的”无法对应走路不便的细节。 2. 句意：我们一起走路时，他扶着我的胳膊保持平衡，人们会奇怪地看着我们。 根据“When we walked together”，可知人们看的是两个人，复数代词us指代作者和父亲。him“他”、me“我”仅指代单方，不符合一起走的情景。 3. 句意：我们常常往返地铁站，他坐地铁去上班。 根据下文“to the subway station”，可知是往返地铁站，subway“地铁”对应原文线索。bus“公交车”、airport“机场”无对应依据。 4. 句意：当地面有冰雪时，就算有人搀扶，他也不能行走。 根据“When snow or ice was on the ground”及父亲残疾的状况，可知行走困难，impossible“几乎做不到的”贴合句意。careful“小心的”、necessary“必要的”语义不通。 5. 句意：每到这种天气，我就用儿童推车拉着他穿过街道去地铁站。 根据“on a child’s wagon”，可知动作是拉车，pull“拉、拖拽”搭配推车。lead“引领”、drive“驾驶”不搭配手推车。 6. 句意：他在他人身上寻找的是一颗“善心”，尽管我当时并不完全明白什么是“善心”。 根据“in others was a ‘good heart’”，可知是在他人身上寻求某种品质，looked for“寻找、向往”符合父亲看重美好品格的心境。looked up“查阅、仰望”，looked after“照顾”不符合句子含义。 7. 句意：父亲依然努力做别人能做的事，尽管他无法用和常人一样的方式完成。 根据“tried to do the same things”与“couldn’t do them the same way”可知是让步关系，though“尽管”引导让步状语从句。or“或者”、and“并且”无法体现转折让步逻辑。 8. 句意：光是坐着看别人跳舞，他就能十分开心。 根据父亲残疾不能跳舞，只能坐着看，可知是代替跳舞，instead of“代替、而不是”，指自己不跳，只观看其他人跳舞。in case of“万一”、because of“因为”逻辑不通。 9. 句意：他会骄傲地把我介绍给他的同事，说着这样一番话。 根据“This is my son, but it is also me”，可知父亲以儿子为荣，proudly“骄傲地、自豪地”贴合父亲心情。angrily“生气地”、sadly“难过地”感情色彩相反。 10. 句意：但他身上拥有的这种品质，始终让我保持内心平和，当我遭遇不顺、心生嫉妒、丢失善心时指引我。 根据“me balanced”，可知是维持平衡状态。keeps sb. balanced意为“使我保持平和稳定”，keeps“保持”，符合父亲品质对作者的正面影响。loses“失去”、breaks“打破”意为负面破坏，不符。 Passage 2 根据短文内容，从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个能填入相应空格内的最佳答案。 One day, our teacher, Mr. Smith, announced (宣布) that the seventh grade field trip would be to a theme park. The classroom was filled with excitement as the girls discussed what they would wear and what they should bring with them. I sat back and listened, knowing that my parents did not have the money to send me. It made me 1 to feel so left out. But not Danny. He simply told everyone that he wouldn’t be going. When Mr. Smith asked him 2 , Danny stood up and said, “It’s too much money for me. My dad hurt his back and has been out of 3 for a while. I’m not asking my parents for money.” Sitting back down in his seat, Danny held his head up 4 , even though whispering (流言) had already begun. I could only sit quietly in my seat, knowing those 5 could be about me when they found out I would not be going either. “Danny, I’m very proud of you for 6 the situation that your parents are in,” Mr. Smith replied. Seeing the students whispering in the back, Mr. Smith spoke again, only 7 . “This year, we’re going to do things differently. The trip is not until the end of the month, so there’s plenty of time for money 8 . Each student must bring in at least one idea for that. If a student doesn’t want to help, then he or she will be staying here that day. Any 9 ?” Of course, Shelly, the most popular girl in the class, spoke up. “Well, Mr. Smith, my parents can 10 it. Do I still have to help?” “Shelly, this is not a matter of being rich or poor. Money is not just something that is handed to you when you get older. This will be a great learning experience for everyone, whether you have the money or not.” 1. A．bored B．upset C．relaxed 2. A．how B．when C．why 3. A．work B．town C．hope 4. A．excitedly B．proudly C．worriedly 5. A．secrets B．changes C．whispers 6. A．understanding B．describing C．explaining 7. A．faster B．slower C．louder 8. A．lending B．making C．raising 9. A．ideas B．questions C．plans 10. A．afford B．cancel C．return 【答案】 1. B 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. C 8. C 9. B 10. A 【导语】本文讲述了一次班级郊游前，老师通过巧妙的方式维护了贫困学生的自尊，并教育所有学生关于金钱和劳动的正确价值观的故事。 【详解】1. 句意：这让我感到沮丧，觉得自己被冷落了。 根据上文“knowing that my parents did not have the money to send me”可知，作者因无法参加而感到“沮丧”，应选用upset。bored“无聊的”、relaxed“放松的”，均不符合语境。 2. 句意：当史密斯老师问他为什么时，丹尼站起来说：“对我来说，钱太多了。我爸爸伤了背，已经失业一段时间了。我不会向我的父母要钱。” 根据下文丹尼解释是因为家里没钱，可知老师问的是“为什么”，应选用why。how“如何”、when“何时”，均不符合“询问原因”的语境。 3. 句意：当史密斯老师问他为什么时，丹尼站起来说：“对我来说，钱太多了。我爸爸伤了背，已经失业一段时间了。我不会向我的父母要钱。” 根据“My dad hurt his back”可知，爸爸受伤无法工作，out of work是固定搭配，意为“失业”，符合没钱交旅费的语境。town“城镇”、hope“希望”，均不符合语境。 4. 句意：丹尼骄傲地昂着头坐回座位上，尽管窃窃私语已经开始了。 根据上文丹尼勇敢地公开承认家里没钱，以及下文“I’m very proud of you”可知，丹尼的行为是坦荡“自豪”的，应选用proudly。excitedly“兴奋地”、worriedly“担心地”，均不符合语境。 5. 句意：我只能静静地坐在座位上，知道当他们发现我也不去时，那些窃窃私语也可能关于我。 根据上文“whispering had already begun”可知，同学们在“窃窃私语”，应选用whispers。secrets“秘密”、changes“变化”，均不符合的语境。 6. 句意：“丹尼，我为你理解你父母的处境而感到骄傲，”史密斯老师回答说。 根据下文史密斯老师对丹尼的肯定以及“the situation that your parents are in”可知，他“理解”父母的处境，应选用understanding。describing“描述”、explaining“解释”，均不符合“体谅父母”的语境。 7. 句意：看到学生们在后面低声交谈，史密斯老师又说话了，只是声音更大了一些。 根据上文同学们在后面窃窃私语，老师为了让全班都听到，应“更大声地”说话，应选用louder。faster“更快地”、slower“更慢地”，均不符合“让所有人听见”的语境。 8. 句意：郊游要到月底，所以有足够的时间筹款。 结合“The trip is not until the end of the month, so there’s plenty of time for money”可知，有足够的时间“筹集”资金，raising表示“筹集”，符合语境。lending“借出”、making“制作”，均不符合语境。 9. 句意：有任何问题吗？ 老师说完安排后，询问是否有“问题”，应选用questions。ideas“想法”、plans“计划”，均不符合语境。 10. 句意：史密斯老师，我父母能负担得起。 afford表示“负担得起”，符合她认为家里有钱支付郊游费用的语境。cancel“取消”、return“归还”，均不符合语境。 五、短文填空 Passage 3 阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 My hometown 1 (change) a lot over the years. In the past, people 2 (live) in low old houses. Public transport 3 (be) slow. People’s leisure activities were few. Now great changes have taken place. Thanks to the 4 (develop) of society, we have tall buildings and wide roads. Modern transport makes it easy 5 (travel). Better medical care helps people live much 6 (long). People can get in touch with others by using mobile phones. They take part in all kinds of leisure 7 (activity) in their free time. I 8 (live) here since I was born. I am glad 9 (see) these improvements. I hope our hometown 10 (become) better and better. 【答案】 1. has changed 2. lived 3. was 4. development 5. to travel 6. longer 7. activities 8. have lived 9. to see 10. will become 【导语】本文对比家乡过去与现在的面貌，讲述家乡多年来发生的巨大变化，表达作者对家乡越来越好的期盼。 【详解】1. 句意：这些年来我的家乡变化很大。根据时间标志词“over the years”可知，时态为现在完成时，change为动词，表示“改变”，主语“My hometown”为单数，谓语用has changed。 2. 句意：在过去，人们住在低矮老旧的房子里。根据时间“In the past”，表示过去的时间，句子使用一般过去时。live为动词，表示“居住”，其过去式为lived。 3. 句意：公共交通很缓慢。此处缺少be动词，根据上文“In the past”可知讲述过去的情况，主语“Public transport”为不可数名词。be动词需用was。 4. 句意：多亏社会的发展，我们拥有高楼和宽阔的马路。根据空格前定冠词“the”，空格后面需要接名词。develop是动词，其名词形式为development，表示“发展”。 5. 句意：现代交通让出行变得便利。根据固定结构make it +adj.+to do sth，“it”作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式。travel为动词，表示“旅行”，应变为不定式to travel。 6. 句意：更好的医疗条件帮助人们活得更长久。根据空格前程度副词“much”，“much”后面修饰形容词或副词的比较级。long为形容词，表示“长”，其比较级为longer，表示“更长久”。 7. 句意：空闲时间他们参加各种各样的休闲活动。根据空格前“all kinds of”，后接可数名词复数。activity为名词，表示“活动”，应变为复数activities。 8. 句意：自从我出生起，我就住在这里。根据连词“since I was born”，since引导时间状语从句，主句使用现在完成时。主语“I”搭配have，live表示“住”，其过去分词为lived，故填have lived。 9. 句意：看到这些改善我很开心。根据固定结构be glad to do sth，see为动词表示“看见”，应变为to see，不定式作原因状语。 10. 句意：我希望我们的家乡将会变得越来越好。“hope”后面表达对未来的期许，描述将来会发生的事，句子应用一般将来时，故填will become。 Passage 4 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 My name is Li Mei. My hometown is a small village in the mountains. Great changes 1 (take) place there since I left it ten years ago. In the past, the roads in my hometown were narrow and it was hard 2 (get) around. People could only get in touch 3 their friends far away by letter. 4 (fortunate), things are quite different now. Nowadays, wide roads 5 (build) between the village and the town. People can go to the town easily by bus. A new hospital has been built, so villagers can get better medical 6 (treat) than before. Children study in 7 (modern) schools than before. In their leisure time, people like 8 (dance) in the square or chatting online. I’m glad to see that my hometown 9 (become) more and more beautiful. I believe it will have a 10 (bright) future. 【答案】 1. have taken 2. to get 3. with 4. Fortunately 5. have been built 6. treatment 7. more modern 8. dancing 9. is becoming/has become 10. brighter 【导语】本文的作者李梅介绍了自己阔别十年的家乡发生的巨大变化，从过去闭塞落后的状况讲到如今交通、医疗、教育和休闲生活等方面的改善，表达了对家乡越变越美的欣喜以及对家乡光明未来的期许。 【详解】1. 句意：自从我十年前离开那里后，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。句中since引导时间状语从句，提示主句要用现在完成时“have/has done”，主语“Great changes”是复数，助动词用have，take的过去分词是taken。 2. 句意：过去，我家乡的道路很狭窄，出行很困难。此处是固定句型“it is/was hard to do sth.”，意为“做某事很困难”，不定式作真正的主语，填to get。 3. 句意：人们以前只能通过信件和远方的朋友取得联系。固定搭配get in touch with sb.，表示“与某人取得联系”。 4. 句意：幸运的是，现在情况大不相同了。此处修饰整个句子，需要将形容词fortunate变为副词形式fortunately，句首单词的首字母大写。 5. 句意：如今，村庄和城镇之间已经修建了宽阔的道路。主语“wide roads”和动词build是被动关系，强调到目前为止已经完成的动作，要用现在完成时的被动语态，主语是复数，结构为“have been done”，build的过去分词是built。 6. 句意：新建了一所医院，所以村民们可以得到比以前更好的医疗救治。形容词medical后面需要接名词，动词treat的名词形式是treatment，medical treatment表示“医疗救治”。 7. 句意：孩子们在比以前更现代化的学校里学习。句中出现“than before”表示比较，需要用形容词modern的比较级形式more modern。 8. 句意：在闲暇时间，人们喜欢在广场上跳舞或者网上聊天。并列连词“or”后面是chatting，对应like后面接动名词作宾语的结构，dance的动名词形式是dancing。 9. 句意：我很高兴看到我的家乡正变得/已经变得越来越美丽。主语“my hometown”是单数，此处可以用现在进行时“is becoming”体现“正在变得越来越美”的动态过程，也可以用现在完成时“has become”表示“已经变得越来越美”的结果。 10. 句意：我相信它会有一个更光明的未来。此处暗含和过去的未来状况作比较，用形容词bright的比较级brighter，修饰future。 六、选词填空 Passage 5 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文顺畅、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 with，wide，but，example，get，easy，because，it, help, work Have you ever worried about losing your pet? A new technology called Pet Code (二维码) can 1 ! It’s a simple 2 smart system that keeps pets safe. Pet Code works like this: Each pet gets a special QR code tag (标签) on their collar (项圈). If someone finds a lost pet, they can get the pet’s name, the owner’s information and even important health information by scanning the code 3 their smartphones. Take my neighbor’s dog, Lucky as an 4 . 5 went missing last month, but thanks to Pet Code, a kind stranger found it within two hours! This technology is becoming popular because it’s cheap and 6 to use. And Pet Code 7 on any phone. So the special code tags are 8 used among adopted (领养的) pets for free. I think Pet Code is wonderful 9 it brings lost pets home faster. My family is 10 one for our cat Mimi next week. With this tag, we’ll never have to worry about losing our pet friend any more! 【答案】 1. help 2. but 3. with 4. example 5. It 6. easy 7. works 8. widely 9. because 10. getting 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一种名为“宠物二维码”（Pet Code）的新技术，该技术如何通过二维码标签帮助人们快速找回丢失的宠物。 【详解】1. 句意：一种叫做宠物二维码的新技术可以帮助（你）！根据上文担心宠物丢失，此处指该技术能提供帮助“help”，情态动词can后接动词原形。 2. 句意：这是一套简单却智能的系统，用来保护宠物安全。simple与smart之间存在转折关系，应用连词but连接。 3. 句意：如果有人发现走失的宠物，他们可以用智能手机扫描二维码，获取宠物名字、主人信息，甚至重要的健康信息。表示“使用”某种工具或手段，常用介词with。 4. 句意：以我邻居的狗Lucky为例。固定短语take...as an example，意为“以……为例”，冠词an后接名词单数。 5. 句意：它上个月失踪了……。指代上文中提到的狗Lucky，用代词It，句首首字母需大写。 6. 句意：这项技术正变得流行，因为它价格低廉且易于使用。and连接并列成分，cheap为形容词，此处也应填形容词easy，be easy to use“易于使用”。 7. 句意：宠物二维码在任何手机上都能运作。根据“on any phone”可知，在任何手机上运作“work”，主语Pet Code为第三人称单数，陈述客观事实用一般现在时，谓语动词用三单形式。 8. 句意：所以这种特殊的二维码标签被免费广泛应用于被领养的宠物身上。上文讲述这项技术正逐渐流行起来，应是得到广泛应用，修饰过去分词used，应用wide的副词形式widely。 9. 句意：我认为宠物二维码很棒，因为它能更快地把丢失的宠物带回家。后半句是前半句观点的原因，应用because引导原因状语从句。 10. 句意：我的家人下周将为我们的猫Mimi获取一个。根据“for our cat Mimi”可知，为Mimi获取“get”一个；根据时间状语next week及助动词is，可知用现在进行时表将来计划。 Passage 6 阅读下面短文，用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使之通顺、完整。（每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单词。） face    museum    I    achieve    long    see    proper    astronaut    be    move When I was ten years old, I watched a documentary (纪录片) about astronauts. I 1 them floating (漂浮) in space and looking at the Earth from above. From that moment on, I knew what I wanted to be — an astronaut. My parents were very supportive (支持的). They bought me books about space and took me to science 2 . I studied hard in school, especially math and science. I also started doing exercise to keep my body strong. I knew that a (n) 3 job needed both a strong mind and a healthy body, so I pushed 4 to make progress every day. But the journey was not easy. When I was in high school, I faced many challenges. Some subjects 5 very difficult for me at that time. I also had to balance my studies with my physical training 6 . Sometimes I wanted to give up. But every time I felt like stopping, I remembered Deng Qingming’s story. He waited 25 years for his dream. I could wait a little 7 . Now I am in college, studying aerospace engineering. I have 8 one step closer to my dream. I know that the road ahead is still long, but I am ready to 9 the challenges. I believe that as long as I keep going, I can 10 my dream one day. 【答案】 1. saw 2. museums 3. astronaut’s 4. myself 5. were 6. properly 7. longer 8. moved 9. face 10. achieve 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者十岁时受纪录片启发立志成为宇航员，在父母支持下努力学习锻炼，克服高中时期的困难，现就读大学学习航空航天工程，并坚信能实现梦想的故事。 【详解】1. 句意：我看见他们在太空漂浮，从上方俯瞰地球。根据前一句When I was ten years old可知时态为一般过去时。see表示“看见”，符合看纪录片看到宇航员画面的语境，see的过去式是saw。 2. 句意：他们给我买关于太空的书，还带我去科学博物馆。science museum科学博物馆，此处表泛指，用复数museums，和books并列，表示去多家科学博物馆，museum意为博物馆，符合参观科普场所的语境。 3. 句意：我知道一份宇航员的工作既需要强大的头脑，也需要健康的身体。空格后是名词job，需要形容词性质的词修饰。astronaut是名词“宇航员”，变为所有格astronaut’s，表示“宇航员的”，用来限定job。 4. 句意：所以我督促自己每天取得进步。push oneself督促自己，主语是I，对应的反身代词是myself，I变为myself，表达自我鞭策，符合追梦的语境。 5. 句意：在那时，一些科目对我来说很难。主语Some subjects是复数，时态为一般过去时，be动词用were，含义为“是”，构成主系表结构，描述过去学科的难度。 6. 句意：我还必须恰当地平衡学习和体能训练。此处修饰动词balance，要用副词。proper是形容词“合适的”，副词形式properly，含义“恰当地”，修饰动词balance。 7. 句意：我可以再多等一会儿。a little后面可以接形容词比较级。long的比较级longer，a little longer表示更长一点时间，对比邓清明等待25年，作者愿意等待更久。 8. 句意：我已经向我的梦想靠近了一步。have+过去分词构成现在完成时。move表示移动、前进，过去分词moved，move one step closer靠近一步。 9. 句意：我知道前路依旧漫长，但我准备好面对挑战。be ready to do sth.准备好做某事，to后面接动词原形。face the challenges面对挑战，face意为面对，符合语境。 10. 句意：我相信只要我坚持下去，终有一天我能够实现我的梦想。情态动词can后接动词原形。achieve my dream实现梦想，achieve意为实现，搭配dream。 16 / 16乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $单元核心语法精练 Unit 1 The Changing World （新教材仁爱版） （现在完成时(I)、后缀 -ment） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 表格梳理了现在完成时（I）与后缀 -ment 的构成、核心用法、结构、典型例句及翻译，清晰呈现其时态特点与应用场景。 模块 内容 结构 / 规则 典型例句及翻译 现在完成时（I） 基本定义 表示过去发生的动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果；也可表示从过去持续到现在的动作或状态 I have just finished my homework.（我刚完成作业。） 谓语结构 肯定式：主语 + have/has + 过去分词 否定式：主语 + haven't / hasn't + 过去分词 She has seen the film.（她看过这部电影。） 疑问结构 Have / Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他？ —Have you ever been to Beijing?（你去过北京吗？） 核心标志词 already / just / yet / ever / never / recently / lately He has already left.（他已经走了。） 时长标志词 for + 时间段；since + 时间点 / 从句 I have lived here for ten years.（我住在这里十年了。） 易混结构 have been to 去过（已回）/ have gone to 去了（未回）/ have been in 待在某地 He has gone to Shanghai.（他去了上海。） 常见误区 与 yesterday、last week 等明确过去时间连用；瞬间动词与时间段连用；过去分词拼写错误 —I saw him yesterday.（我昨天见过他。） 后缀 -ment 基本功能 后缀 -ment 加在动词后构成名词 Her encouragement gave me power.（她的鼓励给了我力量。） 构词规则 多数动词直接加 -ment；以不发音 e 结尾的动词保留 e 加 -ment；部分以 -ue 结尾的动词去 e 加 -ment develop→development；improve→improvement；argue→argument 核心例词 amusement / improvement / achievement / argument / payment / movement / agreement We reached an agreement.（我们达成了协议。） 句中功能 在句中可作主语、宾语、表语；常被形容词修饰 The improvement is surprising.（这一改善令人惊讶。） 常见易错点 拼写错误：遗漏字母、错改词尾（注意 -ment 前是否保留 e） improvement（×improvment）；argument（×arguement） 使用注意事项 1. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，不能与 yesterday、last week 等明确过去时间连用；句中出现明确过去时间时应改用一般过去时。 2. already 与 yet 的位置与句式：already 多用于肯定句，常置于助动词 have/has 之后；yet 多用于否定句和疑问句，通常置于句末。 3. have been to / have gone to / have been in 辨析：have been to 表示“去过某地（已返回）”；have gone to 表示“去了某地（未返回）”，不可用于第一人称；have been in 表示“待在某地”，常与时间段连用。 4. for 与 since 的区别：for 后接时间段，since 后接时间点或一般过去时的从句，二者均与现在完成时连用，表示动作或状态持续的时间。 5. 瞬间动词的用法：come、go、buy、borrow、finish、die 等瞬间动词不能与表示时间段的 for/since 直接连用，需改用相应的延续性动词（如 buy→have）。 6. -ment 构词与拼写：多数动词直接加 -ment；以不发音 e 结尾的动词多数保留 e（improve→improvement）；以 -ue 结尾的动词去 e（argue→argument），注意不要漏写或错改词尾。 一、单项选择 1．The scientists ________ discovered a new planet far from the earth. A．has already B．have already C．already have D．already has 2．________ your parents ________ the news about the school trip yet? A．Have; heard B．Has; heard C．Did; hear D．Do; hear 3．—________ you ever ________ a traditional Chinese tea ceremony? —No, but I really hope to. A．Did; attend B．Do; attend C．Have; attended D．Has; attended 4．I ________ seen such a beautiful sunrise over the lake before. It was amazing. A．have never B．never have C．has never D．never has 5．We ________ good friends for more than six years since we were in primary school. A．are B．were C．have been D．will be 6．She ________ in this quiet village since she graduated from university. A．lives B．lived C．has lived D．will live 7．—Have you ever ________ to Chengdu? —Yes, I ________ there with my family two years ago. A．been; went B．gone; went C．been; have gone D．gone; have been 8．—May I speak to Mrs. Lin? —Sorry, she ________ to the library. She will be back soon. A．has been B．has gone C．has been in D．went 9．—When ________ you ________ the volunteer work last weekend? —We joined it on Saturday morning. A．have; started B．do; start C．did; start D．has; started 10．The ________ of the new bridge brought great convenience to the villagers. A．develop B．development C．developing D．developed 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1．Look! The rain ________ (stop). We can go out and play now. 2．Tom ________ (not finish) his homework yet because he doesn't feel well. 3．________ you ever ________ (visit) the Great Wall in Beijing? 4．My grandparents ________ (live) in this small town for fifty years. 5．He ________ (know) the truth about the accident since yesterday. 6．—Where is Mike? —He ________ (go) to the sports centre with his classmates. 7．I ________ (be) to Hainan Island twice. It is a lovely place. 8．His great ________ (achieve) in science surprised everyone in the lab. 9．We can see the ________ (improve) in her spoken English this term. 10．After a long discussion, both sides finally reached an ________ (agree). 三、按要求完成句子 1．Has she ever tried Indian food? ________, ________ ________.（作肯定回答） ________, ________ ________.（作否定回答） 2．They have stayed in London for a whole month. （对划线部分提问） ________ ________ they stayed for a whole month? 3．He has broken the cup on the table. （对划线部分提问） ________ has he ________? 4．I have read this interesting book before. I ________ ________ ________ this interesting book.（用 never 改写） 5．She has ever visited the zoo in the city. ________ she ever ________ the zoo in the city?（改为一般疑问句） 6．He has already closed the window in the classroom. He ________ ________ the window in the classroom ________.（改为否定句） 7．这本书我已经借了两周了。 I ________ ________ this book ________ two weeks.（borrow 改为延续性动词） 8．他的鼓励给了我力量。 His ________ (encourage) gave me power to keep going.（用所给词的适当形式填空） 9．We have learned English since 2020. （对划线部分提问） ________ ________ have you learned English? 10．我们刚刚完成了一个环保项目。 We ________ just ________ an environmental project.（译成英语） 四、完形填空 Passage 1 阅读下面短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳答案。 When I was growing up, I was very embarrassed (尴尬) to be seen with my father. He was very short and 1 . When we walked together, his hands on my arm for balance, people would strangely look at 2 . Our usual walk was to or from the 3 , on which he would get to work. He almost never missed a day. When snow or ice was on the ground, it was 4 for him to walk, even with help. On such days, I would 5 him through the streets on a child’s wagon (推车) to the subway station. He never pitied himself or envied (嫉妒) other people who were able to walk normally. What he 6 in others was a “good heart”, even though I still don’t know exactly what a “good heart” is. My father still tried to do the same things that others did 7 he couldn’t do them the same way. For example, he liked to go to dances. He could have a good time just sitting and watching 8 dancing. Now I know that he took part in some things through me. When I played basketball, he “played” too. When I joined the navy (海军), he “joined” too. He would introduce me to his workmates, saying 9 , “This is my son, but it is also me. I would have joined the navy, too, if things had been different.” He has been gone for many years. But the quality he had 10 me balanced when I face something unpleasant, when I envy others’ good luck, when I don’t have a “good heart”. 1. A．fat B．weak C．disabled 2. A．him B．me C．us 3. A．subway B．bus C．airport 4. A．impossible B．careful C．necessary 5. A．lead B．pull C．drive 6. A．looked up B．looked after C．looked for 7. A．or B．and C．though 8. A．instead of B．in case of C．because of 9. A．angrily B．proudly C．sadly 10. A．keeps B．loses C．breaks Passage 2 根据短文内容，从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个能填入相应空格内的最佳答案。 One day, our teacher, Mr. Smith, announced (宣布) that the seventh grade field trip would be to a theme park. The classroom was filled with excitement as the girls discussed what they would wear and what they should bring with them. I sat back and listened, knowing that my parents did not have the money to send me. It made me 1 to feel so left out. But not Danny. He simply told everyone that he wouldn’t be going. When Mr. Smith asked him 2 , Danny stood up and said, “It’s too much money for me. My dad hurt his back and has been out of 3 for a while. I’m not asking my parents for money.” Sitting back down in his seat, Danny held his head up 4 , even though whispering (流言) had already begun. I could only sit quietly in my seat, knowing those 5 could be about me when they found out I would not be going either. “Danny, I’m very proud of you for 6 the situation that your parents are in,” Mr. Smith replied. Seeing the students whispering in the back, Mr. Smith spoke again, only 7 . “This year, we’re going to do things differently. The trip is not until the end of the month, so there’s plenty of time for money 8 . Each student must bring in at least one idea for that. If a student doesn’t want to help, then he or she will be staying here that day. Any 9 ?” Of course, Shelly, the most popular girl in the class, spoke up. “Well, Mr. Smith, my parents can 10 it. Do I still have to help?” “Shelly, this is not a matter of being rich or poor. Money is not just something that is handed to you when you get older. This will be a great learning experience for everyone, whether you have the money or not.” 1. A．bored B．upset C．relaxed 2. A．how B．when C．why 3. A．work B．town C．hope 4. A．excitedly B．proudly C．worriedly 5. A．secrets B．changes C．whispers 6. A．understanding B．describing C．explaining 7. A．faster B．slower C．louder 8. A．lending B．making C．raising 9. A．ideas B．questions C．plans 10. A．afford B．cancel C．return 五、短文填空 Passage 3 阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 My hometown 1 (change) a lot over the years. In the past, people 2 (live) in low old houses. Public transport 3 (be) slow. People’s leisure activities were few. Now great changes have taken place. Thanks to the 4 (develop) of society, we have tall buildings and wide roads. Modern transport makes it easy 5 (travel). Better medical care helps people live much 6 (long). People can get in touch with others by using mobile phones. They take part in all kinds of leisure 7 (activity) in their free time. I 8 (live) here since I was born. I am glad 9 (see) these improvements. I hope our hometown 10 (become) better and better. Passage 4 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 My name is Li Mei. My hometown is a small village in the mountains. Great changes 1 (take) place there since I left it ten years ago. In the past, the roads in my hometown were narrow and it was hard 2 (get) around. People could only get in touch 3 their friends far away by letter. 4 (fortunate), things are quite different now. Nowadays, wide roads 5 (build) between the village and the town. People can go to the town easily by bus. A new hospital has been built, so villagers can get better medical 6 (treat) than before. Children study in 7 (modern) schools than before. In their leisure time, people like 8 (dance) in the square or chatting online. I’m glad to see that my hometown 9 (become) more and more beautiful. I believe it will have a 10 (bright) future. 六、选词填空 Passage 5 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文顺畅、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 with，wide，but，example，get，easy，because，it, help, work Have you ever worried about losing your pet? A new technology called Pet Code (二维码) can 1 ! It’s a simple 2 smart system that keeps pets safe. Pet Code works like this: Each pet gets a special QR code tag (标签) on their collar (项圈). If someone finds a lost pet, they can get the pet’s name, the owner’s information and even important health information by scanning the code 3 their smartphones. Take my neighbor’s dog, Lucky as an 4 . 5 went missing last month, but thanks to Pet Code, a kind stranger found it within two hours! This technology is becoming popular because it’s cheap and 6 to use. And Pet Code 7 on any phone. So the special code tags are 8 used among adopted (领养的) pets for free. I think Pet Code is wonderful 9 it brings lost pets home faster. My family is 10 one for our cat Mimi next week. With this tag, we’ll never have to worry about losing our pet friend any more! Passage 6 阅读下面短文，用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使之通顺、完整。（每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单词。） face    museum    I    achieve    long    see    proper    astronaut    be    move When I was ten years old, I watched a documentary (纪录片) about astronauts. I 1 them floating (漂浮) in space and looking at the Earth from above. From that moment on, I knew what I wanted to be — an astronaut. My parents were very supportive (支持的). They bought me books about space and took me to science 2 . I studied hard in school, especially math and science. I also started doing exercise to keep my body strong. I knew that a (n) 3 job needed both a strong mind and a healthy body, so I pushed 4 to make progress every day. But the journey was not easy. When I was in high school, I faced many challenges. Some subjects 5 very difficult for me at that time. I also had to balance my studies with my physical training 6 . Sometimes I wanted to give up. But every time I felt like stopping, I remembered Deng Qingming’s story. He waited 25 years for his dream. I could wait a little 7 . Now I am in college, studying aerospace engineering. I have 8 one step closer to my dream. I know that the road ahead is still long, but I am ready to 9 the challenges. I believe that as long as I keep going, I can 10 my dream one day. 2 / 8乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $