2026最新高中英语句子成分解析 课件-2026-2027学年初高中英语衔接复习专项

第二部分　语法精讲即练 语法不是静态的规则，而是一种技能(Grammaring)是一种动态的过程。语法教学应围绕语境，在语境中帮助学生学会应用语法知识理解和表达意义，引导学生不断加强准确、恰当、得体地使用语言形式的意识。 第一讲　句子成分 构成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。 第<#>页 一、主语 精讲 主语是谓语动作或状态的执行者，是句子陈述的对象 主语一般由名词、代词、不定式、动名词、从句等充当 主语一般位于句首，但若不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或主语从句作主语， 常用it作形式主语，把真正的主语放在句后 第<#>页 即练 用下划线标出句中的主语 1. (2025·全国一卷)Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global CO2 emissions. 答案　Moving goods and people around the world 2. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The picturesque building by the lake caught my attention. 答案　The picturesque building by the lake 第<#>页 3. (2023·新课标全国Ⅰ卷)I dashed toward David and gave him a hug. 答案　I 4. (2022·全国甲卷)Seafood is a part of people’s daily diet. 答案　Seafood 5. To protect the marine environment and ecosystems is to protect us human beings. 答案　To protect the marine environment and ecosystems 第<#>页 6. First of all, what we can do is to place importance on our daily actions. 答案　what we can do 7. It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. 答案　It是形式主语，真正的主语是 that the elephant is round and tall like a tree 第<#>页 二、谓语 精讲 谓语置于主语之后，描述主语所发出的动作或主语具有的特征或状态 常用作谓语的主要有动词和动词短语等 谓语有时态、语态和语气的变化 谓语与主语在人称和数方面必须一致，即主谓一致 第<#>页 即练 单句填空 1. (2023·新课标全国Ⅰ卷)When John Todd was a child, he __________ (love) to explore the woods around his house. 2. (2023·新课标全国Ⅰ卷)He said it ___________(buy) at a second－hand bookstore in Los Angeles three years ago. 3. He recommended that we ________________(take) part in various activities during the college. 4. As far as I know, Delia ________(love) all sports, especially swimming. loved was bought (should) take loves 第<#>页 用下划线标出句中的谓语 5. (2025·全国一卷)This time they found the exercise much more interesting. 答案　found　 6. Watching movies is especially beneficial to our spoken English. 答案　is beneficial 第<#>页 三、宾语 精讲 宾语表示谓语动作、行为的对象，一般位于及物动词或介词的后面，受到主语的限制和制约 宾语一般由名词(短语)、宾格代词、动词－ing(短语)、动词不定式或从句充当 根据需要也可用it作形式宾语 第<#>页 指出下划线部分作谁的宾语 1. (2025·全国二卷)Some teachers don’t give the kids any assignments; they express sympathy instead. 答案　give; express　 2. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)A large amount of research confirms this finding． 答案　confirms　 第<#>页 3. (2023·新课标全国Ⅰ卷)On Oct. 11, many runners competed in a cross－country race in Minnesota. 答案　in　 4. (2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)I sincerely hope you can accept my invitation and share your experience． 答案　hope　 第<#>页 5. Don’t forget to praise your friend for the delicious foods he offers. 答案　forget　 6. If you practise speaking English, you’ll soon improve. 答案　practise　 7. I found it difficult to solve the problem on my own. 答案　found 第<#>页 四、表语 精讲 表语一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后，用来说明主语的身份、特征和状态 表语一般由名词(短语)、代词、形容词、分词、数词、动词不定式(短语)、动词－ing形式、介词短语、副词或表语从句等充当 第<#>页 用下划线标出句中的表语 1. (2025·全国一卷)As far as I am concerned, the column “Fun at my school” is a better choice. 答案　a better choice　 2. (2024·全国甲卷)China’s commitment to sustainable development is not just a slogan. 答案　not just a slogan　 第<#>页 3. (2023·全国乙卷)Not only do they look beautiful, but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory. 答案　beautiful　 4. (2023·全国乙卷)I really loved the experience, and I soon became an eager reader. 答案　an eager reader　 第<#>页 5. The first step is to go exploring. 答案　to go exploring　 6. The most popular approach is listening to English songs. 答案　listening to English songs　 7. This is what he told me yesterday. 答案　what he told me yesterday　 第<#>页 8. Obviously, the old woman is out of condition. 答案　out of condition　 9. My mother gave me a call, telling me that my cousin was gone. 答案　gone　 10. I’ll be eighteen in May, which will be an important time in my life. 答案　eighteen; an important time 第<#>页 五、定语 精讲 定语是修饰或限定名词或代词的词、短语或从句 定语可由形容词、数词、形容词性物主代词、名词、名词所有格、介词短语、非谓语动词(短语)或从句等充当 定语有前置和后置两种情况，如短语、从句等作定语时，常置于被修饰词之后 第<#>页 用下划线标出句中的定语 1. (2025·全国一卷)Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. 答案　bottled　 2. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)I’ve been motivated—and demotivated—by other folks’ achievements all my life. 答案　other folks’　 第<#>页 3. (2023·新课标全国Ⅰ卷)Once there, Lenoue was assessed and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees. 答案　where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees　 4. (2022·全国甲卷)In addition, the ocean plays a crucial role in regulating the global climate. 答案　crucial; global　 第<#>页 5. In conclusion, we should find a proper way to make our study more efficient. 答案　proper; to make our study more efficient　 6. (2025·全国二卷)School can keep those dreams alive by giving kids a way to learn and grow. 答案　to learn and grow　 7. Granny cut the birthday cake into twenty pieces. 答案　birthday; twenty　 第<#>页 8. We should adapt to the changing situation quickly. 答案　changing　 9. Finally, I owned a car of my own. 答案　of my own　 10. Delia works in a trade company. 答案　trade 第<#>页 六、状语 精讲 状语是修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分 状语表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、程度、伴随等意义 状语可由副词、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)、分词(短语)、形容词(短语)或从句等充当 第<#>页 用下划线标出句中的状语 1. (2025·全国一卷)I do so because I like to make coffee for the students. 答案　because I like to make coffee for the students　 2. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)When I was a teenager, a neighborhood friend won a marathon race. 答案　When I was a teenager　 第<#>页 3. (2023·新课标全国Ⅰ卷)You see much more from the seat of a bike! 答案　much; from the seat of a bike　 4. To let us experience the life in the countryside, our school organized a fruit picking activity on a farm last weekend. 答案　To let us experience the life in the countryside; on a farm; last weekend　 5. Living in an information era, we have easy and convenient access to various English learning resources. 答案　Living in an information era　 第<#>页 6. When the running began, he ran with all his strength. 答案　When the running began　 7. Dora sat there, sad and silent. 答案　sad and silent　 8. Given more money and time, we would have done the work better. 答案　Given more money and time; better 第<#>页 七、补足语 精讲 补足语主要起补充说明的作用，最常见的是宾语补足语和主语补足语 补足语可由名词(短语)、形容词(短语)、副词、不定式(短语)、分词(短语)或介词短语充当 第<#>页 用下划线标出句中的补足语 1. (2023·新课标全国Ⅰ卷)That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special. 答案　special　 2. (2021·全国甲卷)Because this activity will be presented on the English website, I sincerely want you to offer me some advice. 答案　to offer me some advice　 第<#>页 3. We sincerely wish you a quick recovery and an early return to China. 答案　a quick recovery and an early return to China　 4. Maria fell asleep with the light on. 答案　on　 5. Our English teacher always has us reading and reciting. 答案　reading and reciting　 6. When Linda woke up, she found herself in a hospital. 答案　in a hospital 第<#>页 八、同位语 精讲 同位语是对句子中的名词或代词做进一步解释、说明，与前面的名词或代词在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分 可以用作同位语的有名词(短语)、代词、数词或从句等 第<#>页 用下划线标出句中的同位语 1. (2021·全国甲卷)Word came that our school is going to hold a class meeting whose topic is related to traditional Chinese customs. 答案　that our school is going to hold a class meeting whose topic is related to traditional Chinese customs　 第<#>页 2. (2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)We will talk about “Double Reduction Policy”， a hot topic in China nowadays. 答案　a hot topic in China nowadays　 3. We each have a cellphone right now. 答案　each　 4. Are you two ready to set out at this moment? 答案　two 第<#>页 【句子成分综合练】 Ⅰ. 标出句子成分 1. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely． 答案　主语；谓语；宾语；状语　 2. The weather is becoming colder and colder． 答案　主语；系动词；表语　 第<#>页 3. The old woman lives in the countryside． 答案　主语；谓语；状语　 4. We have made our city a beautiful garden． 答案　主语；谓语；宾语；补足语　 5. One day I got word that he was admitted to the hospital for a serious disease． 答案　状语；主语；谓语；宾语；同位语　 6. The president attended the meeting that was held in the lecture hall． 答案　主语；谓语；宾语；定语 第<#>页 Ⅱ. 单句写作 1. (应用文·演讲)做志愿者工作对所有参与者来说都是双赢的。 ____________________ is a win－win situation for all involved.(主语) 2. (话题写作·环保)湿地对人类和自然都至关重要。 Wetlands ________________ to people and nature.(系＋表) 3．(应用文·申请信)我是一个友好和平易近人的人。 I am ____________________________ person.(定语) Doing voluntary work are critical a friendly and approachable 第<#>页 4. (应用文·活动介绍)典礼以一段感人的视频开场，视频中展示了每位大四学生的成长经历。 ______________________ with a touching video showing the growth experiences of each senior student.(主语＋谓语) 5. (应用文·演讲)它促进了我们的心理成长，使我们能够跟上不断变化的世界。 It enhances ________________ and enables us _____________________ ________________.(宾语；宾补) The ceremony began our mental growth to keep up with the ever－changing world 第<#>页 6．(续写·情景描写)在接下来的一个星期里，她那一刻的脸一次又一次地浮现在我的脑海里。 The image of her face in that moment came back to me ________________________________________. (状语) 7. (应用文·求助信)你是一名优秀的学生，并且在周末有两份兼职工作，所以我希望你能给我一些建议。 You are _________________________ and have two part－time jobs ______________， so I was hoping you could give ___________________． (表语；状语；双宾语) time and time again in the following week an outstanding student at weekends me some advice 第<#>页 8. (续写·情绪描写)看到她脸上的喜悦，他满心欢喜。 His heart was ____________________ at the sight of the delight ________________．(表语；状语) 9. (续写·情绪描写)她友好的微笑使我放松下来，我发现自己也对她微笑。 Her ________ smile put me at ease, and I found myself ____________． (定语；宾补) 10. 有时，我带着我的狗去拜访这位女士，看她和其他小猫玩耍。 On occasion, I take my dog to visit the lady and watch her __________________________．(宾补) filled with joy on her face friendly smiling back play with the other kittens 第<#>页 GAOKAO ZONGFUXI JIANGYI 拼搏 斗 梦想 41 $