Unit4语法(反身代词/动词ing作宾语)讲解与练习-2026-2027学年北师大版英语八年级上册

该初中英语单元知识清单系统整合了“反身代词”与“动词+动名词作宾语”两大核心语法点，涵盖概念解析、用法归纳、易错点提示、单元主题例句及专项练习，构建从基础认知到综合应用的递进式学习支架。 清单通过“必背表格”“记忆口诀”等实用设计呈现知识体系，如反身代词的“三大核心用法”标注高频搭配，动名词用“喜欢练习完成”口诀强化记忆，结合单元主题例句培养语言能力。易错点专项标注及分层练习设计，助力学生自主学习，教师可精准开展语法教学。

Unit4 Role Models语法讲解与练习 语法1:反身代词详细讲解 一、反身代词基本概念 反身代词表示 “某人自己；亲自”，指代句子里的主语本身，动作的承受者就是主语自己。 中文含义：我自己、你自己、他自己、她自己、它自己、我们自己、你们自己、他们自己。 核心：主语和宾语是同一个人时，要用反身代词。 二、反身代词表（必背） 人称 单数 复数 第一人称 myself 我自己 ourselves 我们自己 第二人称 yourself 你自己 yourselves 你们自己 第三人称 himself 他自己herself 她自己itself 它自己 themselves 他们 / 她们 / 它们自己 三、反身代词三大核心用法 用法 1：作动词宾语（动作施加给自己） 常用搭配动词：enjoy, help, hurt, teach, wash, look after 结构：主语+动词+反身代词 He taught himself. 他自学。（他教他自己） The hero believed in himself. 这位英雄相信他自己。 单元例句：Many role models push themselves to keep trying. 很多榜样督促自己不断努力。 用法 2：作介词宾语，固定搭配 by oneself = alone 独自，单独（中考最高频） He finished the work by himself. 他独自完成这项工作。 其他短语： for oneself 亲自；为自己 say to oneself 心里暗想，自言自语 用法3：作同位语，加强语气，译为 “亲自、本人” 放在名词/代词后面，用来强调，去掉句子依然完整。 The scientist himself told us the story. 这位科学家亲自给我们讲了这个故事。 四、高频固定短语 1.teach oneself = learn … by oneself 自学 2.enjoy oneself = have a good time 玩得开心 3.help oneself (to…) 随便吃 / 自取（食物） 4.hurt oneself 伤到自己 5.look after oneself 照顾自己 6.keep sth to oneself 保守秘密 7.push oneself 鞭策自己（Unit4 主题短语！榜样 push themselves） 8.believe in oneself 相信自己 五、易错点 1.人称一致原则：反身代词必须和主语人称、单复数保持一致 ✅ She helped herself. ❌ She helped himself. 2.反身代词不能单独作主语 ✅ He and I finished it. ❌ Myself did it. 3.区分：by oneself（独自,无他人帮忙）vs oneself（自己） He did it by himself. 他独立完成。（没有别人帮忙） 4.不要和形容词性物主代词混淆 him（他）→ his（他的）→ himself（他自己） 5.复数 yourselves /themselves, 结尾是ves,不是self 六、单元主题例句（Role Models） 1.A good role model always believes in himself. 一个好榜样总是相信自己。 2.They pushed themselves to work harder. 他们鞭策自己更加努力。 3.The scientist learned English by himself. 这位科学家自学英语。 4.You should take care of yourself. 你应当照顾好你自己。 5.They enjoyed themselves in the speech competition. 他们在演讲比赛中玩得很开心。 配套专项练习 一、用合适的反身代词填空 1.I can finish the task by ________. 2.The little boy hurt ________ when he fell down. 3.She taught ________ French. 4.Help ________ to some fruit, kids. 5.The scientist ________ told us his story. 6.We enjoyed ________ at the meeting. 7.The cat washed ________ carefully. 8.You should believe in ________. 9.They pushed ________ to keep working. 10.Did she look after ________ well? 11.He said to ________, “I won’t give up.” 12.You must do it ________. No one can help you. 13.My sister made the cake ________. 14.We must take care of ________. 15.The hero saved ________ at last. 16.Don’t blame ________. It’s not your fault. 17.They enjoyed ________ when talking about their role models. 18.Can you repair the bike by ________? 19.She told ________ to be strong. 20.The children dressed ________ quickly. 21.I don’t want to keep the secret to ________. 22.He prepared the speech ________. 23.Help ________ to cakes, Tom. 24.We should challenge ________ every day. 25.The writer ________ will come to our school. 二、单项选择 1.—Who cleaned the room? —No one. I did it by ______. A. I B. me C. myself D. mine 2.He taught ______ to be a brave person. A. him B. his C. himself D. he 3.Help ______ to some apples, boys and girls. A. yourself B. yourselves C. you D. your 4.The scientist ______ will give us a talk. A. himself B. him C. his D. he 5.They enjoyed ______ at the party. A. they B. them C. themselves D. their 6.You should believe in ______. A. you B. your C. yourself D. yours 7.The little girl hurt ______ when she ran. A. her B. herself C. she D. hers 8.I finished the article about my role model by ______. A. me B. my C. myself D. I 9.Don’t worry. They can look after ______. A. them B. themselves C. their D. theirs 10.He said to ______, “I can make it.” A. himself B. him C. his D. he 11.We must push ______ to work harder. A. us B. our C. ourselves D. we 12.—Who made this model? —He made it ______. A. his B. by himself C. him D. he 13.The dog washed ______ in the river. A. it B. its C. itself D. it’s 14.Please help ______ to some tea. A. yourself B. you C. your D. yours 15.You and your brother should take care of ______. A. yourselves B. yourself C. your D. you 三、句子改写 1.I cleaned the room alone.（改为同义句，用反身代词） ____________________________________________________ 2.He taught himself physics.（同义句转换） ____________________________________________________ 3.They enjoyed themselves at the speech.（改为一般疑问句） ____________________________________________________ 4.She finished the report by herself.（改为否定句） ____________________________________________________ 5.The scientist himself told us the story.（改为一般疑问句） ____________________________________________________ 6.You must look after yourself.（改为复数句） ____________________________________________________ 7.He said to himself. “I will try again.”（合并句子） ____________________________________________________ 8.Did you enjoy yourselves at the meeting?（肯定回答） ____________________________________________________ 9.They pushed themselves hard.（对划线hard提问） ____________________________________________________ 10.Help yourself to some fish.（改为复数形式） ____________________________________________________ 四、汉译英 1.我可以独立完成这篇关于榜样的文章。 ____________________________________________________ 2.这位科学家自学了很多知识。 ____________________________________________________ 3.他们不断鞭策自己努力奋斗。 ____________________________________________________ 4.你要相信你自己。 ____________________________________________________ 5.孩子们，请随便吃点水果。 ____________________________________________________ 6.这位英雄亲自和我们交谈。 ____________________________________________________ 7.他心里暗想，我永不放弃。 ____________________________________________________ 8.我们应当照顾好自己。 ____________________________________________________ 9.他们在分享榜样故事时很开心。 ____________________________________________________ 10.她独自完成了这项艰难的任务。 ____________________________________________________ Keys 一、填空 1.myself 2. himself 3. herself 4. yourselves 5. himself 6.ourselves 7. itself 8. yourself 9. themselves 10. herself 11.himself 12. yourself 13. herself 14. ourselves 15. himself 16.yourself 17. themselves 18. yourself 19. herself 20. themselves 21.myself 22. himself 23. yourself 24. ourselves 25. himself 二、单选 1.C 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.C 6.C 7.B 8.C 9.B 10.A 11.C 12.B 13.C 14.A 15.A 三、句子改写 1.I cleaned the room by myself. 2.He learned physics by himself. 3.Did they enjoy themselves at the speech? 4.She didn’t finish the report by herself. 5.Did the scientist himself tell you the story? 6.You must look after yourselves. 7.He said to himself that he would try again. 8.Yes, we did. 9.How did they push themselves? 10.Help yourselves to some fish. 四、汉译英 1.I can finish the article about role models by myself. 2.The scientist taught himself much knowledge. 3.They keep pushing themselves to work hard. 4.You should believe in yourself. 5.Help yourselves to some fruit, kids. 6.The hero talked with us himself. 7.He said to himself that he would never give up. 8.We should look after ourselves. 9.They enjoyed themselves when sharing role models’ stories. 10.She finished this difficult task by herself. 语法2: 动词+动词- ing（动名词作宾语）详细讲解 一、概念 动词后面接动词 - ing 形式（动名词 doing）作宾语： 结构：主语+及物动词+ doing 例：He enjoys reading stories about role models. 他喜欢读关于榜样的故事。 （enjoy 后面只能接 doing） 二、核心必背动词（后接 doing 作宾语，本单元重点） ✅ enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 ✅ practice doing sth. 练习做某事 ✅ finish doing sth. 完成做某事 ✅ mind doing sth. 介意做某事 ✅ keep doing sth. 一直做某事 ✅ suggest doing sth.建议做某事 ✅ avoid doing sth. 避免做某事 ✅ consider doing sth. 考虑做某事 ✅ miss doing sth. 错过做某事；怀念做某事 ✅ give up doing sth. 放弃做某事 ✅ can’t help doing sth. 忍不住做某事 ✅ feel like doing sth. 想要做某事 记忆口诀：喜欢练习完成，介意坚持建议；避免考虑错过，放弃忍不住想要 单元主题例句（Role Models） 1.He keeps trying. 他坚持努力。 2.Never give up working. 永不放弃奋斗。 3.She enjoys reading stories of great people. 她喜欢读伟人故事。 4.He finished writing the article about the role model. 他写完了关于榜样的文章。 5.The scientist practices speaking English every day. 这位科学家每天练习说英语。 三、重点辨析 1. keep doing vs keep on doing keep doing sth. 一直持续做（不间断） He keeps working. 他一直工作。 keep on doing sth. 反复坚持做（有间断，但持续坚持） He keeps on trying. 他反复不断尝试。 2. give up doing（固定！不能说 give up to do） ✅ give up doing 放弃做某事 ❌ give up to do 3. 区分：like doing /like to do（拓展） like doing：爱好、长期喜欢（习惯性） He likes helping others.（长期爱好） like to do：一次性，某次想要做 He likes to help you today. 配套专项练习 一、用所给动词的正确形式填空。 1.He enjoys ________ (read) stories about role models. 2.Never give up ________ (try) when you meet difficulties. 3.She finished ________ (write) the report about the hero. 4.Keep ________ (practice), and you will make progress. 5.Do you mind ________ (share) your story with us? 6.The scientist suggests ________ (help) people in need. 7.He avoids ________ (make) careless mistakes. 8.I consider ________ (talk) with my role model one day. 9.Don’t miss ________ (watch) this documentary. 10.She can’t help ________ (cry) when she hears the story. 11.They keep ________ (push) themselves to work harder. 12.My grandma enjoys ________ (listen) to stories of heroes. 13.Have you finished ________ (prepare) your speech? 14.He practices ________ (speak) English every morning. 15.I feel like ________ (visit) the hero next week. 16.They suggest ________ (learn) from great people. 17.She gave up ________ (play) games to study hard. 18.He avoids ________ (give) up easily. 19.Do you consider ________ (join) the speech competition? 20.We can’t help ________ (admire) those role models. 21.Keep ________ (believe) in yourself. 22.Mind ________ (take) notes while listening. 23.He misses ________ (work) with that great scientist. 24.They enjoy ________ (discuss) the heroes’ stories. 25.She finished ________ (read) the book last night. 二、单项选择 1.He enjoys ______ stories of role models. A. read B. reading C. to read D. reads 2.Never give up ______. A. try B. trying C. to try D. tried 3.She finished ______ the article. A. write B. writing C. to write D. wrote 4.Keep ______, and you will succeed. A. try B. trying C. to try D. tried 5.Do you mind ______ the window? A. open B. opening C. to open D. opens 6.He practices ______ English every day. A. speak B. speaking C. to speak D. speaks 7.I consider ______ him as my role model. A. choose B. choosing C. to choose D. chose 8.They can’t help ______ the hero. A. admire B. admiring C. to admire D. admired 9.She avoids ______ the same mistake. A. make B. making C. to make D. made 10.My father suggests ______ a speech about heroes. A. give B. giving C. to give D. gave 11.He feels like ______ the documentary tonight. A. watch B. watching C. to watch D. watches 12.Don’t miss ______ the chance to meet the scientist. A. have B. having C. to have D. had 13.They keep ______ hard for their dream. A. work B. working C. to work D. worked 14.He gave up ______ computer games. A. play B. playing C. to play D. played 15.—Would you mind ______ me? —Of course not. A. help B. helping C. to help D. helped 三、句子改写 1.He likes reading stories about heroes.（用 enjoy 改写句子） _____________________________________________ 2.Don’t stop trying.（同义句，用 keep） _____________________________________________ 3.She finished writing the report.（改为否定句） _____________________________________________ 4.Do you mind opening the door?（肯定回答） _____________________________________________ 5.He gave up smoking.（改为一般疑问句） _____________________________________________ 6.They keep practicing every day.（改为否定句） _____________________________________________ 7.I suggest visiting the hero.（对 visiting the hero 提问） _____________________________________________ 8.She can’t help crying.（改为一般疑问句） _____________________________________________ 9.He avoids making mistakes.（同义句转换） _____________________________________________ 10.We enjoy talking about role models.（改为一般疑问句） _____________________________________________ 四、汉译英 1.他喜欢阅读关于榜样的故事。 _____________________________________________ 2.遇到困难永远不要放弃尝试。 _____________________________________________ 3.她写完了关于这位英雄的报道。 _____________________________________________ 4.坚持练习，你就会取得进步。 _____________________________________________ 5.你介意和我们分享这个故事吗？ _____________________________________________ 6.这位科学家建议帮助有需要的人。 _____________________________________________ 7.他们不断鞭策自己努力奋斗。 _____________________________________________ 8.我们忍不住敬佩这些榜样。 _____________________________________________ 9.他每天练习讲英语。 _____________________________________________ 10.我考虑把他当作我的榜样。 _____________________________________________ Keys 一、动词 - ing 填空 1.reading 2. trying 3. writing 4. practicing 5. sharing 6.helping 7. making 8. talking 9. watching 10. crying 11.pushing 12. listening 13. preparing 14. speaking 15. visiting 16.learning 17. playing 18. giving 19. joining 20. admiring 21.believing 22. taking 23. working 24. discussing 25. reading 二、单选 1.B 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.B 6.B 7.B 8.B 9.B 10.B 11.B 12.B 13.B 14.B 15.B 三、句子改写 1.He enjoys reading stories about heroes. 2.Keep trying. 3.She didn’t finish writing the report. 4.Yes, I do. 5.Did he give up smoking? 6.They don’t keep practicing every day. 7.What do you suggest doing? 8.Can’t she help crying? 9.He tries not to make mistakes. 10.Do you enjoy talking about role models? 四、汉译英 1.He enjoys reading stories about role models. 2.Never give up trying when you meet difficulties. 3.She finished writing the report about the hero. 4.Keep practicing, and you will make progress. 5.Do you mind sharing the story with us? 6.The scientist suggests helping people in need. 7.They keep pushing themselves to work hard. 8.We can’t help admiring these role models. 9.He practices speaking English every day. 10.I consider choosing him as my role model. 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $