Unit3 Getting along with others Extended reading-Further study分层作业-2026-2027学年高中英语译林版必修第一册

**基本信息** 本同步练习以词汇-句型-语篇为递进路径，通过基础巩固、语法应用、综合语篇三层设计，结合自我诊断功能，助力学生夯实语言基础，提升语篇理解与思维品质，适配新授课分层教学需求。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |基础层|短语翻译、单词拼写、词性转换|聚焦单元核心词汇，设置自我诊断区，强化语言能力基础| |进阶层|单句语法填空、完成句子|衔接课堂语法点，融入强调句等句型训练，提升语言应用能力| |综合应用层|阅读理解、七选五、完形填空、语法填空|以Bacon《论友谊》为主题语篇，整合词汇语法，培养思维品质与跨文化理解|

Unit3 Getting along with others单元分层作业 Part3 Extended reading&Project&Assessment&Further study 一、教材短语翻译 (一)英译汉 1.smooth out ________________ 2.be meant to do ________________ 3.in full measure ________________ 4.take on ________________ 5.seek to do sth ________________ 6.escape into ________________ 7.more often than not ________________ 8.find out ________________ 9.result from ________________ 10.come down ________________ (二)汉译英 11.总的来说,一般来说 ________________ 12.实现我们的目标 ________________ 13.被称为;作为…而出名 ________________ 14.保持联系;保持连接 ________________ 15.依赖;取决于 ________________ 16.导致 ________________ 17.另一方面 ________________ 18.指出,指明 ________________ 📝我的诊断区 1.本大题我错了______题。 2.错误原因主要是（可多选）： ☐单词拼写错误 ☐词性搞混了（如该填形容词填了名词） ☐句意没理解 ☐其他原因___________ 3.我需要重点复习的单词是：________________________ 二、根据汉语提示拼写单词（部分单词可能有语法上的变形） 1.The prisoner managed to________________(逃脱)from the maximum-security prison by digging a tunnel over several months. 2.The scholarship program has________________(使受益)thousands of students from low-income families over the past decade. 3.Seeing the police coming,the________________(人群)broke up quickly. 4.He loosened his belt for________________(舒服)after such a long journey. 5.I________________(认出)her the moment I saw her though we hadn’t seen each other for many years. 6.Winston is not someone who accepts________________(失败)easily. 7.I was very sad________________(确实)to hear about the serious accident. 8.Faced with an energy crisis,they are________________(寻找)new ways of conserving energy. 9.The________________(公司)where my father works has branches in over twenty countries around the world. 10.The project aims to provide a________________(深入的/细致的)training in all aspects of the work. 11.I am lucky to have so many________________(善意的)and wise friends. 12.The war brought countless________________(死亡),leaving people deeply sorrowful. 13.Sometimes we may want to be alone with our thoughts because quiet periods of________________(沉思)lead to self-improvement. 14.My father is the person whom I have________________(钦佩)for many years,for he has devoted himself to his education work. 15.Li Bai,a great________________(诗人)in the Tang Dynasty,wrote many famous poems. 16.There are many different kinds of________________(葡萄酒). 📝我的诊断区 1.本大题我错了______题。 2.错误原因主要是（可多选）： ☐单词拼写错误 ☐词性搞混了（如该填形容词填了名词） ☐句意没理解 ☐其他原因___________ 3.我需要重点复习的单词是：________________________ 三、词性转换 1.reflection n.沉思;反射;映像;反映→____________v.反映;反射;沉思 2.benefit n.优势,益处,成效v.使受益vi.得益于→_____________adj.有利的,有裨益的,有用的 3.comfort v.宽慰,抚慰n.舒服;安慰→____________n.不适;不舒服v.使不舒服→________________ adj.舒服的;安逸的;自在的→______________adv.舒适地→_______________adj.令人不舒服的 4.failure n.失败;失败的人(或事);未履行;故障→____________v.失败;不及格;衰退 5.recognize v.承认,意识到;认出,辨别出→______________n.识别;承认;认出;赏识;认可 6.death n.死,死亡;死亡状态→____________v.死亡→____________adj.死的 7.company n.陪伴,作伴;公司→_____________n.伙伴;伴侣→______________v.陪伴 8.admire v.钦佩;欣赏→_____________adj.值得赞赏的;可钦佩的→_____________n.钦佩;欣赏 📝我的诊断区 1.本大题我错了______题。 2.错误原因主要是（可多选）： ☐单词拼写错误 ☐词性搞混了（如该填形容词填了名词） ☐句意没理解 ☐其他原因___________ 3.我需要重点复习的单词是：________________________ 四、单句语法填空 1.As we walk the“path of life”,we may sometimes wish to be alone with our own thoughts,for quiet periods of reflection can lead_____________personal improvement. 2.On_____________other hand,our friends are better able to offer advice on important decisions that we all have to make. 3.Sometimes a friend is even known_____________our“second self”. 4.With true friends,we feel free to share our joy and sadness_____________full measure 5.The film The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants is about friendships between four girls,who try to stay__________ (connect) during the summer by sharing a pair of jeans. 6.Friendship has a double advantage-happiness takes____________a greater meaning and a trouble shared becomes a trouble halved! 7.Close friendships have three“fruits”:they may comfort the heart,advise the head and help us achieve the________ (goal) we set for ourselves. 8.When we seek____________(be)alone,we must be careful that we do not always escape into our own world. 9.After months of negotiation,the two companies finally came down to____________agreement on the new project. 10._____________(general)speaking,teenagers today are more independent and creative than previous generations. 11.During the meeting,the manager pointed____________that the current marketing strategy needed to be adjusted. 12.The severe traffic jam resulted_____________the heavy snowstorm that hit the city early this morning. 📝我的诊断区 1.本大题我错了______题。 2.错误原因主要是（可多选）： ☐单词拼写错误 ☐词性搞混了（如该填形容词填了名词） ☐句意没理解 ☐其他原因___________ 3.我需要重点复习的单词是：________________________ 五、完成句子 1.正是与朋友的交流，能帮我们看到自身看不到的盲点。(强调句) __________________________________________________________________that helps us see our blind spots. 2.当我们和信任的朋友分享喜怒哀乐时，我们内心会获得平静。 We will gain inner peace________________________________________________________________________. 3.我们不应该总是躲进自己的世界，而拒绝和他人沟通。 We should not always___________________________________________and refuse to communicate with others. 4.友谊带来的第二个好处是，它能够启迪我们的头脑，改善我们的判断力。 The second fruit that friendship brings is that it can___________________________________________________. 5.那些拥有挚友的人更容易实现他们为自己设定的目标。 Those who have close friends can________________________________________________________________. 6.通常，一份真挚的友谊能够抚平人生旅途中的坎坷。 ___________________________,a true friendship can________________________________________________. 7.只有当我们愿意分享感受，我们才能体会友谊带来的内心安宁。(only引导状语放在句首引起主句的部分倒装) Only when we are willing to share our feelings______________________________________________________. 📝我的诊断区 1.本大题我错了______题。 2.错误原因主要是（可多选）： ☐单词拼写错误 ☐词性搞混了（如该填形容词填了名词） ☐句意没理解 ☐其他原因___________ 3.我需要重点复习的单词是：________________________ 六、阅读理解 阅读下面短文，从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选择最佳选项。 Passage1 Francis Bacon’s essay Of Friendship has kept its charm for hundreds of years,inspiring readers to reflect on what true friendship really means.In this classic work,Bacon sorts out three essential benefits brought by sincere friendship,which he names the three“fruits”. The first fruit is comfort for the heart.As social beings,humans are not created to bear all joys and sorrows in isolation.When we are buried in disappointment,anxiety or grief,keeping troubles locked inside will only make our burden heavier.Once we open up to a trusted friend and speak out our inner feelings,the weight of pain will be greatly eased.Meanwhile,sharing happiness with a close friend can multiply our delight.That explains Bacon’s famous saying that a trouble shared is a trouble halved. The second fruit lies in guidance for our mind.When we think alone,we are easily limited by our own experience and viewpoints.We may stick firmly to our ideas and fail to notice our own blind spots.Conversations with honest friends allow us to see events from completely different angles.Their opinions can remind us of hidden risks and help us form more balanced judgements,preventing us from making hasty decisions. The third fruit is practical support for our goals.Many dreams and tasks are too challenging for one single person to accomplish.Friends with different strengths and life experiences can offer help when we meet barriers.However,Bacon reminds us not to mistake casual acquaintances for true friends.Hanging out in a crowd cannot take the place of deep friendship.Real friendship calls for careful selection and consistent devotion,and shallow relationships can never bring those three precious fruits. 1.What can we infer from Paragraph 2? A.We should share all our private secrets with friends. B.It is unwise to talk about our troubles with other people. C.Most people cannot manage their negative feelings well. D.Burdens become lighter when shared with trusted friends. 2.Why can friendship improve our judgement according to Bacon? A.Friends can always provide totally correct advice. B.It stops us from developing our own independent thoughts. C.It helps us break the restriction of one‑sided thinking. D.Friends are more capable of solving all kinds of problems. 3.What does the underlined word“acquaintances”in the last paragraph refer to? A.people we know slightly but are not close to B.family members living together with us C.close friends we trust with our heart D.teachers who offer us professional guidance 4.What is the main idea of the text? A.Practical methods of developing lifelong friendship. B.Three valuable benefits of true friendship in Bacon’s opinion. C.Common difficulties in keeping long‑term friendship. D.Differences between happiness and sorrow in social life. Passage2 Teenagers often form some misunderstandings about friendship in daily life.Some students believe that real friends must agree with every thought of theirs and never disagree.Others measure friendship only by whether they can have fun and enjoy entertainment together,ignoring the deeper value behind the relationship.In fact,genuine friendship goes far beyond pleasure and fun.It is built on trust,honesty and mutual support between two people,requiring equal devotion from both sides. A real friend accepts your weaknesses instead of only admiring your shining advantages.They will gently point out your mistakes,not for the purpose of blaming you or looking down on you,but to push you to reflect and make steady progress.When you suffer failure or frustration and feel hopeless,they will stand by you rather than turn away when troubles come.Friendship is a two‑way bond.You cannot keep receiving comfort and advice forever if you refuse to give care,patience and support in return.One‑sided care will not keep a friendship alive for long. Social media nowadays makes it simple for teenagers to collect hundreds of online contacts with just a few clicks.However,most of these online connections remain shallow.Short messages and casual online chatting cannot replace sincere face‑to‑face communication,where we read body language and feel real emotion.True friendship needs time,patience and continuous efforts from both sides.Just as Bacon stressed in*Of Friendship*,we must choose friends wisely.The people we stay with will shape our values and influence our growth,so the quality of our friends matters much more than the quantity. 5.Which statement about true friendship is TRUE according to the passage? A.True friends always hold the same opinions. B.True friendship means having fun without troubles. C.True friends help you grow by pointing out your faults properly. D.Online friends can completely take the place of real‑life friends. 6.What does“a two‑way bond”in Paragraph 2 suggest? A.Friendship requires efforts from both sides. B.True friendship can be built within a short time. C.Friends will never disagree or argue with each other. D.It is quite easy to develop sincere friendship. 7.What is the author’s attitude towards a large number of online“friends”? A.supportive B.positive C.unconcerned D.skeptical 8.What is the purpose of this text? A.To give a full introduction to Bacon’s essay Of Friendship*. B.To correct teenagers’ common wrong opinions of friendship. C.To show the advantages and disadvantages of social media. D.To explain practical skills of making more online friends. 七、七选五 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Francis Bacon’s essay Of Friendship has been widely read for centuries.In this work,he put forward the three so‑called“fruits”of true friendship.These rewards cover our emotion,thinking and practical life. 1 When we are trapped in sadness or pressure,a true friend provides a safe space for us to express our true feelings.Sharing happiness doubles our joy while pouring out troubles reduces our pain.This emotional comfort serves as the first fruit of friendship.We do not need to hide ourselves or pretend to be strong in front of a trusted friend. The second fruit of friendship is wiser judgement.When we stay alone for long,our thinking may be limited by our own experience.We may stick to fixed ideas and ignore our blind spots. 2 We can avoid one‑sided thinking and make more reasonable decisions. The third fruit is practical support.Many goals are too difficult for one person to achieve independently.Friends with different skills and experiences can offer help when we meet difficulties.They are willing to stand by us and help us complete tough tasks. 3 However,we should not confuse casual social contacts with true friendship.Having many people around you does not mean you have real friends.Shallow relationships cannot bring the three fruits Bacon described. 4 Only those sincere bonds built on trust can bring us lasting benefits. True friendship is never something we can gain without effort.It needs honesty,patience and sincere communication from both sides.If we value our friends and treat the relationship with heart,we will enjoy the great power brought by genuine friendship. 5 A.We can get fresh viewpoints from their different opinions. B.The first fruit of friendship is emotional comfort. C.Such support makes it possible for us to reach goals beyond our own power. D.We should spare all our spare time staying with friends. E.We have to tell apart shallow connections from deep friendship. F.It is easy for teenagers to build true friendship through online chatting. G.It will bring us warmth,wisdom and strength throughout our life. 八、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Francis Bacon,in his famous essay Of Friendship,argues that true friendship is one of the greatest gifts life can offer.Many people may think friendship is simply about having fun together,yet Bacon believes its value runs much 1 . He describes three“fruits”of friendship.The first is emotional comfort.When we are trapped in sorrow or anxiety,we often struggle to see our situation clearly on our own.A trusted friend lets us pour out our feelings,which helps us 2 our heavy burden.As Bacon puts it,a trouble shared becomes a trouble halved.Happiness,too,grows when it is 3 with someone we trust. The second fruit is wiser judgement.Left alone,our minds may be limited by our own experience.We can easily get 4 in our fixed ideas and fail to spot our blind spots.Talking openly with friends can 5 new viewpoints.Their different opinions help us 6 our thinking and avoid hasty decisions. The third fruit lies in practical support.There are many goals hard for a single person to 7 .Friends with different strengths can 8 us when we meet barriers.However,Bacon warns us not to 9 casual acquaintances for true friends.Hanging out in crowds does not equal deep friendship.Shallow relationships cannot 10 the three fruits. True friendship cannot be gained overnight.It requires us to 11 friends carefully and maintain the bond with patience.We cannot only 12 comfort and advice without giving anything back.Friendship is a two‑way journey.If we value our close friends and keep sincere communication,they will 13 us through hard times and cheer for our success.Such precious bonds have 14 the test of time and will continue to 15 us to become better versions of ourselves. 1. A.deeper B.higher C.wider D.longer 2. A.take off B.work out C.lighten D.pick up 3. A.covered B.shared C.mixed D.compared 4. A.lost B.stuck C.involved D.absorbed 5. A.bring about B.bring up C.bring back D.bring in 6. A.narrow B.shorten C.sharpen D.broaden 7. A.reach B.design C.set D.imagine 8. A.wait for B.look for C.stand by D.call on 9. A.recognize B.mistake C.replace D.praise 10. A.produce B.harvest C.contain D.select 11. A.respect B.greet C.choose D.admire 12. A.ask for B.care for C.prepare for D.fight for 13. A.guide B.follow C.praise D.comfort 14. A.passed B.stood C.failed D.ignored 15. A.force B.allow C.inspire D.permit 九、语法填空 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Francis Bacon,one of the most famous British thinkers,wrote the essay Of Friendship, 1 has inspired generations of readers to think about the value of true friendship.In this essay,he describes three“fruits”of friendship, 2 (offer)us emotional comfort,wiser judgement and practical help. As social beings,humans are not supposed 3 (carry)all feelings alone.When we share our sorrow with trusted friends,the burden will be lightened.Meanwhile,joy gains extra value when it 4 (share).That is the origin of Bacon’s famous saying:a trouble shared is a trouble halved. When we stay alone,our thoughts may be limited by our own experience.Communicating with friends helps us 5 (wide)our views and discover our blind spots.Besides,friends can give us support when we face challenges.Many goals are difficult for 6 single person to finish. However,Bacon reminds us that mixing with a crowd is not the same as keeping true friends.We must select friends 7 (careful).True friendship is a two‑way bond, 8 requires time and patience from both sides.We cannot only ask 9 comfort without giving anything in return.Only sincere friendship can provide us 10 strength to go through the rocky road of life. 英语练习题第 1 页 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit3 Getting along with others单元分层作业 Part3 Extended reading&Project&Assessment&Further study 一、教材短语翻译 (一)英译汉 1.smooth out ________________ 2.be meant to do ________________ 3.in full measure ________________ 4.take on ________________ 5.seek to do sth ________________ 6.escape into ________________ 7.more often than not ________________ 8.find out ________________ 9.result from ________________ 10.come down ________________ (二)汉译英 11.总的来说,一般来说 ________________ 12.实现我们的目标 ________________ 13.被称为;作为…而出名 ________________ 14.保持联系;保持连接 ________________ 15.依赖;取决于 ________________ 16.导致 ________________ 17.另一方面 ________________ 18.指出,指明 ________________ 答案：1.消除(问题),克服(困难) 2.注定要做某事 3.最大程度地,最大限度地 4.呈现,具有 5.试图做某事;努力做某事 6.逃避到…中;沉浸在… 7.往往,多半,大多数时候 8.查明,弄清楚 9.由…引起 10.下降;流传下去;降落 11.generally speaking 12.achieve our goals 13.be known as 14.stay connected 15.depend on 16.lead to 17.on the other hand 18.point out 二、根据汉语提示拼写单词（部分单词可能有语法上的变形） 1.The prisoner managed to________________(逃脱)from the maximum-security prison by digging a tunnel over several months. 2.The scholarship program has________________(使受益)thousands of students from low-income families over the past decade. 3.Seeing the police coming,the________________(人群)broke up quickly. 4.He loosened his belt for________________(舒服)after such a long journey. 5.I________________(认出)her the moment I saw her though we hadn’t seen each other for many years. 6.Winston is not someone who accepts________________(失败)easily. 7.I was very sad________________(确实)to hear about the serious accident. 8.Faced with an energy crisis,they are________________(寻找)new ways of conserving energy. 9.The________________(公司)where my father works has branches in over twenty countries around the world. 10.The project aims to provide a________________(深入的/细致的)training in all aspects of the work. 11.I am lucky to have so many________________(善意的)and wise friends. 12.The war brought countless________________(死亡),leaving people deeply sorrowful. 13.Sometimes we may want to be alone with our thoughts because quiet periods of________________(沉思)lead to self-improvement. 14.My father is the person whom I have________________(钦佩)for many years,for he has devoted himself to his education work. 15.Li Bai,a great________________(诗人)in the Tang Dynasty,wrote many famous poems. 16.There are many different kinds of________________(葡萄酒). 答案：1.escape 2.benefited 3.crowd 4.comfort 5.recognized 6.failure 7.indeed 8.seeking 9.company 10.thorough 11.well-meaning 12.deaths 13.reflection 14.admired 15.poet 16.wine 三、词性转换 1.reflection n.沉思;反射;映像;反映→____________v.反映;反射;沉思 2.benefit n.优势,益处,成效v.使受益vi.得益于→_____________adj.有利的,有裨益的,有用的 3.comfort v.宽慰,抚慰n.舒服;安慰→____________n.不适;不舒服v.使不舒服→________________ adj.舒服的;安逸的;自在的→______________adv.舒适地→_______________adj.令人不舒服的 4.failure n.失败;失败的人(或事);未履行;故障→____________v.失败;不及格;衰退 5.recognize v.承认,意识到;认出,辨别出→______________n.识别;承认;认出;赏识;认可 6.death n.死,死亡;死亡状态→____________v.死亡→____________adj.死的 7.company n.陪伴,作伴;公司→_____________n.伙伴;伴侣→______________v.陪伴 8.admire v.钦佩;欣赏→_____________adj.值得赞赏的;可钦佩的→_____________n.钦佩;欣赏 答案：1.reflection n.沉思;反射;映像;反映→ reflect v.反映;反射;沉思 2.benefit n.优势,益处,成效v.使受益vi.得益于→ beneficial adj.有利的,有裨益的,有用的 3.comfort v.宽慰,抚慰n.舒服;安慰→ discomfort n.不适;不舒服v.使不舒服→ comfortable adj.舒服的;安逸的;自在的→ comfortably adv.舒适地→ uncomfortable adj.令人不舒服的 4.failure n.失败;失败的人(或事);未履行;故障→ fail v.失败;不及格;衰退 5.recognize v.承认,意识到;认出,辨别出→ recognition n.识别;承认;认出;赏识;认可 6.death n.死,死亡;死亡状态→ die v.死亡→ dead adj.死的 7.company n.陪伴,作伴;公司→ companion n.伙伴;伴侣→ accompany v.陪伴 8.admire v.钦佩;欣赏→ admirable adj.值得赞赏的;可钦佩的→ admiration n.钦佩;欣赏 四、单句语法填空 1.As we walk the“path of life”,we may sometimes wish to be alone with our own thoughts,for quiet periods of reflection can lead_____________personal improvement. 答案：to 解析：考查固定短语。句意：当我们走在“人生之路”上时，我们有时可能希望独自思考，因为安静的反思期可以带来个人的进步。lead to是固定搭配，意为“导致，带来”。故填to。 2.On_____________other hand,our friends are better able to offer advice on important decisions that we all have to make. 答案：the 解析：考查固定短语。句意：另一方面，我们的朋友能更好地为我们都必须做出的重要决定提供建议。on the other hand是固定短语，意为“另一方面”。故填the。 3.Sometimes a friend is even known_____________our“second self”. 答案：as 解析：考查固定短语。句意：有时朋友甚至被称为我们的“第二个自我”。be known as是固定搭配，意为“被称为，作为……而出名”。故填as。 4.With true friends,we feel free to share our joy and sadness_____________full measure 答案：in 解析：考查固定短语。句意：有了真正的朋友，我们可以尽情地分享我们的喜悦和悲伤。in full measure是固定短语，意为“充分地，完全地”。故填in。 5.The film The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants is about friendships between four girls,who try to stay__________ (connect) during the summer by sharing a pair of jeans. 答案：connected 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：电影《牛仔裤的夏天》讲述了四个女孩之间的友谊，她们在夏天通过分享一条牛仔裤来保持联系。stay是系动词，后接形容词作表语，connected意为“有联系的，保持联系的”。故填connected。 6.Friendship has a double advantage-happiness takes____________a greater meaning and a trouble shared becomes a trouble halved! 答案：on 解析：考查固定短语。句意：友谊有双重好处——快乐有了更重大的意义，而分担的烦恼则减半！take on是固定搭配，意为“呈现，具有（某种意义、特征等）”。故填on。 7.Close friendships have three“fruits”:they may comfort the heart,advise the head and help us achieve the________ (goal) we set for ourselves. 答案：goals 解析：考查名词复数。句意：亲密的友谊有三个“果实”：它们可以安慰我们的心灵，启迪我们的头脑，并帮助我们实现我们为自己设定的目标。goal是可数名词，根据语境“我们为自己设定的目标”可知，目标不止一个，应用复数形式。故填goals。 8.When we seek____________(be)alone,we must be careful that we do not always escape into our own world. 答案：to be 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：当我们寻求独处时，我们必须小心，不要总是躲进自己的世界。seek to do sth.是固定用法，意为“试图做某事，寻求做某事”。故填to be。 9.After months of negotiation,the two companies finally came down to____________agreement on the new project. 答案：an 解析：考查冠词。句意：经过数月的谈判，两家公司终于就新项目达成了协议。agreement是可数名词且以元音开头，故填an。 10._____________(general)speaking,teenagers today are more independent and creative than previous generations. 答案：Generally 解析：考查副词。句意：一般来说，今天的青少年比前几代人更独立、更有创造力。generally speaking是固定短语，意为“一般来说”，用副词修饰整个句子。故填Generally。 11.During the meeting,the manager pointed____________that the current marketing strategy needed to be adjusted. 答案：out 解析：考查固定短语。句意：会议期间，经理指出当前的营销策略需要调整。point out是固定搭配，意为“指出”。故填out。 12.The severe traffic jam resulted_____________the heavy snowstorm that hit the city early this morning. 答案：from 解析：考查固定短语。句意：严重的交通堵塞是由今天凌晨袭击该市的暴风雪造成的。result from是固定搭配，意为“由……造成，起因于”。故填from。 五、完成句子 1.正是与朋友的交流，能帮我们看到自身看不到的盲点。(强调句) __________________________________________________________________that helps us see our blind spots. 答案：It is communicating with friends 解析：考查强调句型。强调句型的基本结构为It is/was+被强调部分+that+其他。此处强调主语“与朋友的交流”，用动名词短语communicating with friends作主语。 2.当我们和信任的朋友分享喜怒哀乐时，我们内心会获得平静。 We will gain inner peace________________________________________________________________________. 答案：when we share our joys and sorrows with trusted friends 解析：考查状语从句。根据句意，此处用when引导时间状语从句。share...with...意为“与……分享……”。 3.我们不应该总是躲进自己的世界，而拒绝和他人沟通。 We should not always___________________________________________and refuse to communicate with others. 答案：escape into our own world 解析：考查固定短语。escape into是固定搭配，意为“躲进，逃避到…中”。should not后接动词原形。 4.友谊带来的第二个好处是，它能够启迪我们的头脑，改善我们的判断力。 The second fruit that friendship brings is that it can___________________________________________________. 答案：advise the head and improve our judgement 解析：考查动词短语。根据句意，此处对应“advise the head”（启迪头脑）和“improve our judgement”（改善判断力）。can后接动词原形。 5.那些拥有挚友的人更容易实现他们为自己设定的目标。 Those who have close friends can________________________________________________________________. 答案：more easily achieve the goals they set for themselves 解析：考查副词和定语从句。more easily是副词比较级，修饰动词achieve。they set for themselves是省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰goals。 6.通常，一份真挚的友谊能够抚平人生旅途中的坎坷。 ___________________________,a true friendship can________________________________________________. 答案：More often than not;smooth out the bumps on the journey of life 解析：考查固定短语和动词短语。More often than not是固定短语，意为“通常，多半”。smooth out意为“抚平，消除”，the bumps on the journey of life意为“人生旅途中的坎坷”。 7.只有当我们愿意分享感受，我们才能体会友谊带来的内心安宁。(only引导状语放在句首引起主句的部分倒装) Only when we are willing to share our feelings______________________________________________________. 答案：can we experience the inner peace brought by friendship 解析：考查部分倒装。当“Only+状语（从句）”位于句首时，主句需要部分倒装，即将情态动词、助动词或be动词提到主语之前。此处将can提到主语we之前。brought by friendship是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰inner peace。 六、阅读理解 阅读下面短文，从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选择最佳选项。 Passage1 Francis Bacon’s essay Of Friendship has kept its charm for hundreds of years,inspiring readers to reflect on what true friendship really means.In this classic work,Bacon sorts out three essential benefits brought by sincere friendship,which he names the three“fruits”. The first fruit is comfort for the heart.As social beings,humans are not created to bear all joys and sorrows in isolation.When we are buried in disappointment,anxiety or grief,keeping troubles locked inside will only make our burden heavier.Once we open up to a trusted friend and speak out our inner feelings,the weight of pain will be greatly eased.Meanwhile,sharing happiness with a close friend can multiply our delight.That explains Bacon’s famous saying that a trouble shared is a trouble halved. The second fruit lies in guidance for our mind.When we think alone,we are easily limited by our own experience and viewpoints.We may stick firmly to our ideas and fail to notice our own blind spots.Conversations with honest friends allow us to see events from completely different angles.Their opinions can remind us of hidden risks and help us form more balanced judgements,preventing us from making hasty decisions. The third fruit is practical support for our goals.Many dreams and tasks are too challenging for one single person to accomplish.Friends with different strengths and life experiences can offer help when we meet barriers.However,Bacon reminds us not to mistake casual acquaintances for true friends.Hanging out in a crowd cannot take the place of deep friendship.Real friendship calls for careful selection and consistent devotion,and shallow relationships can never bring those three precious fruits. 1.What can we infer from Paragraph 2? A.We should share all our private secrets with friends. B.It is unwise to talk about our troubles with other people. C.Most people cannot manage their negative feelings well. D.Burdens become lighter when shared with trusted friends. 2.Why can friendship improve our judgement according to Bacon? A.Friends can always provide totally correct advice. B.It stops us from developing our own independent thoughts. C.It helps us break the restriction of one‑sided thinking. D.Friends are more capable of solving all kinds of problems. 3.What does the underlined word“acquaintances”in the last paragraph refer to? A.people we know slightly but are not close to B.family members living together with us C.close friends we trust with our heart D.teachers who offer us professional guidance 4.What is the main idea of the text? A.Practical methods of developing lifelong friendship. B.Three valuable benefits of true friendship in Bacon’s opinion. C.Common difficulties in keeping long‑term friendship. D.Differences between happiness and sorrow in social life. 答案：1.D 2.C 3.A 4.B 语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了弗朗西斯·培根在其著名散文《论友谊》中提出的观点，即真正的友谊能带来三大益处（“果实”）：慰藉心灵、启迪头脑和提供实际支持，并强调了真友谊与泛泛之交的区别。 高考高频词汇： reflection n.沉思；反映 isolation n.隔离，孤立 grief n.悲伤，悲痛 multiply v.增加；繁殖 blind spot盲点 hasty adj.轻率的，匆忙的 accomplish v.完成，实现 consistent adj.始终如一的，持续的 题目详解： 1.推理判断题。根据第二段中“When we are buried in disappointment,anxiety or grief...Once we open up to a trusted friend...the weight of pain will be greatly eased.”（当我们被失望、焦虑或悲伤淹没时……一旦我们向信任的朋友敞开心扉……痛苦的负担就会大大减轻。）可知，与信任的朋友分享烦恼可以减轻负担。故选D。 2.细节理解题。根据第三段中“We may stick firmly to our ideas and fail to notice our own blind spots.Conversations with honest friends allow us to see events from completely different angles.”（我们可能会固执己见，而注意不到自己的盲点。与坦诚的朋友交谈能让我们从完全不同的角度看事情。）可知，友谊能帮助我们打破单一思维的局限。故选C。 3.词义猜测题。根据最后一段中“However,Bacon reminds us not to mistake casual acquaintances for true friends.Hanging out in a crowd cannot take the place of deep friendship.”（然而，培根提醒我们不要把泛泛之交误认为真正的朋友。与一群人闲逛不能取代深厚的友谊。）可知，“acquaintances”指的是我们认识但并不亲近的人。故选A。 4.主旨大意题。文章开篇点题，指出培根在《论友谊》中阐述了真挚友谊带来的三大益处，随后分段详细论述了这三大“果实”，最后强调了真友谊的重要性。B选项“培根眼中真友谊的三大宝贵益处”准确概括了文章主旨。故选B。 Passage2 Teenagers often form some misunderstandings about friendship in daily life.Some students believe that real friends must agree with every thought of theirs and never disagree.Others measure friendship only by whether they can have fun and enjoy entertainment together,ignoring the deeper value behind the relationship.In fact,genuine friendship goes far beyond pleasure and fun.It is built on trust,honesty and mutual support between two people,requiring equal devotion from both sides. A real friend accepts your weaknesses instead of only admiring your shining advantages.They will gently point out your mistakes,not for the purpose of blaming you or looking down on you,but to push you to reflect and make steady progress.When you suffer failure or frustration and feel hopeless,they will stand by you rather than turn away when troubles come.Friendship is a two‑way bond.You cannot keep receiving comfort and advice forever if you refuse to give care,patience and support in return.One‑sided care will not keep a friendship alive for long. Social media nowadays makes it simple for teenagers to collect hundreds of online contacts with just a few clicks.However,most of these online connections remain shallow.Short messages and casual online chatting cannot replace sincere face‑to‑face communication,where we read body language and feel real emotion.True friendship needs time,patience and continuous efforts from both sides.Just as Bacon stressed in*Of Friendship*,we must choose friends wisely.The people we stay with will shape our values and influence our growth,so the quality of our friends matters much more than the quantity. 5.Which statement about true friendship is TRUE according to the passage? A.True friends always hold the same opinions. B.True friendship means having fun without troubles. C.True friends help you grow by pointing out your faults properly. D.Online friends can completely take the place of real‑life friends. 6.What does“a two‑way bond”in Paragraph 2 suggest? A.Friendship requires efforts from both sides. B.True friendship can be built within a short time. C.Friends will never disagree or argue with each other. D.It is quite easy to develop sincere friendship. 7.What is the author’s attitude towards a large number of online“friends”? A.supportive B.positive C.unconcerned D.skeptical 8.What is the purpose of this text? A.To give a full introduction to Bacon’s essay Of Friendship*. B.To correct teenagers’ common wrong opinions of friendship. C.To show the advantages and disadvantages of social media. D.To explain practical skills of making more online friends. 答案：5.C 6.A 7.D 8.B 语篇导读：本文是一篇议论文。文章旨在纠正青少年对友谊的常见误解，指出真正的友谊建立在信任、诚实和相互支持的基础上，需要双方共同努力，而非仅仅是享乐或观点一致。同时，文章也探讨了社交媒体时代线上友谊的局限性。 高考高频词汇： misunderstanding n.误解 genuine adj.真正的，真诚的 mutual adj.相互的，共同的 devotion n.奉献，忠诚 one-sided adj.单方面的，片面的 shallow adj.浅薄的，肤浅的 replace v.取代，代替 quantity n.数量 题目详解： 5.细节理解题。根据第二段中“A real friend accepts your weaknesses...They will gently point out your mistakes...to push you to reflect and make steady progress.”（真正的朋友会接受你的缺点……他们会温和地指出你的错误……以促使你反思并取得稳步进步。）可知，真正的朋友会通过恰当地指出你的错误来帮助你成长。故选C。 6.词义猜测题。根据第二段中“Friendship is a two-way bond.You cannot keep receiving comfort and advice forever if you refuse to give care,patience and support in return.”（友谊是一种双向的纽带。如果你拒绝回报以关心、耐心和支持，你就不能永远只接受安慰和建议。）可知，“a two-way bond”意味着友谊需要双方的努力。故选A。 7.观点态度题。根据第三段中“However,most of these online connections remain shallow.Short messages and casual online chatting cannot replace sincere face-to-face communication...”（然而，这些线上联系大多仍是肤浅的。简短的信息和随意的网上聊天无法取代真诚的面对面交流……）可知，作者对大量的线上“朋友”持怀疑态度。故选D。 8.写作意图题。文章开头指出“Teenagers often form some misunderstandings about friendship...”（青少年常常对友谊产生一些误解……），随后阐述了什么是真正的友谊，并纠正了“朋友必须观点一致”、“友谊只是为了享乐”等错误观念。因此，文章的目的是纠正青少年对友谊的常见错误看法。故选B。 七、七选五 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Francis Bacon’s essay Of Friendship has been widely read for centuries.In this work,he put forward the three so‑called“fruits”of true friendship.These rewards cover our emotion,thinking and practical life. 1 When we are trapped in sadness or pressure,a true friend provides a safe space for us to express our true feelings.Sharing happiness doubles our joy while pouring out troubles reduces our pain.This emotional comfort serves as the first fruit of friendship.We do not need to hide ourselves or pretend to be strong in front of a trusted friend. The second fruit of friendship is wiser judgement.When we stay alone for long,our thinking may be limited by our own experience.We may stick to fixed ideas and ignore our blind spots. 2 We can avoid one‑sided thinking and make more reasonable decisions. The third fruit is practical support.Many goals are too difficult for one person to achieve independently.Friends with different skills and experiences can offer help when we meet difficulties.They are willing to stand by us and help us complete tough tasks. 3 However,we should not confuse casual social contacts with true friendship.Having many people around you does not mean you have real friends.Shallow relationships cannot bring the three fruits Bacon described. 4 Only those sincere bonds built on trust can bring us lasting benefits. True friendship is never something we can gain without effort.It needs honesty,patience and sincere communication from both sides.If we value our friends and treat the relationship with heart,we will enjoy the great power brought by genuine friendship. 5 A.We can get fresh viewpoints from their different opinions. B.The first fruit of friendship is emotional comfort. C.Such support makes it possible for us to reach goals beyond our own power. D.We should spare all our spare time staying with friends. E.We have to tell apart shallow connections from deep friendship. F.It is easy for teenagers to build true friendship through online chatting. G.It will bring us warmth,wisdom and strength throughout our life. 答案：1.B 2.A 3.C 4.E 5.G 语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕弗朗西斯·培根在《论友谊》中提出的友谊三大“果实”展开，分别阐述了友谊在情感慰藉、明智判断和实际支持方面的作用，并强调了建立真诚友谊需要付出努力。 高考高频词汇： reward n.回报，奖励 pour out倾诉，吐露 emotional adj.情感的，情绪的 reasonable adj.合理的 casual adj.随意的，不经意的 sincere adj.真诚的 题目详解： 1.考查上下文衔接。空格后一句“When we are trapped in sadness or pressure,a true friend provides a safe space...”（当我们陷入悲伤或压力时，一个真正的朋友会提供一个安全的空间……）具体描述了友谊在情感上的慰藉作用。B项“The first fruit of friendship is emotional comfort.”（友谊的第一个果实是情感上的慰藉。）作为本段主题句，引出下文，符合语境。故选B。 2.考查上下文衔接。空格前提到独自思考的局限性，如“stick to fixed ideas and ignore our blind spots”（固守己见，忽视盲点）。A项“We can get fresh viewpoints from their different opinions.”（我们可以从他们不同的观点中获得新的视角。）承接上文，说明了与朋友交流如何解决这一问题，与后文“We can avoid one-sided thinking...”（我们可以避免片面思考……）逻辑连贯。故选A。 3.考查上下文衔接。本段主题是友谊的第三个果实——实际支持。空格前一句“They are willing to stand by us and help us complete tough tasks.”（他们愿意支持我们，帮助我们完成艰巨的任务。）C项“Such support makes it possible for us to reach goals beyond our own power.”（这种支持使我们能够实现超出自身能力的目标。）是对前一句“support”的进一步阐释和总结，符合语境。故选C。 4.考查上下文衔接。空格前一句“Shallow relationships cannot bring the three fruits Bacon described.”（肤浅的关系无法带来培根所描述的三种果实。）E项“We have to tell apart shallow connections from deep friendship.”（我们必须分清肤浅的联系和深厚的友谊。）承接上文，提出了解决方案，并与后文“Only those sincere bonds...”（只有那些真诚的纽带……）形成对比，逻辑通顺。故选E。 5.考查上下文衔接。文章最后一句是对全文的总结。G项“It will bring us warmth,wisdom and strength throughout our life.”（它将贯穿我们的一生，带给我们温暖、智慧和力量。）中的“warmth,wisdom and strength”分别对应友谊的三大“果实”（情感慰藉、明智判断、实际支持），是对全文内容的升华和总结。故选G。 八、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Francis Bacon,in his famous essay Of Friendship,argues that true friendship is one of the greatest gifts life can offer.Many people may think friendship is simply about having fun together,yet Bacon believes its value runs much 1 . He describes three“fruits”of friendship.The first is emotional comfort.When we are trapped in sorrow or anxiety,we often struggle to see our situation clearly on our own.A trusted friend lets us pour out our feelings,which helps us 2 our heavy burden.As Bacon puts it,a trouble shared becomes a trouble halved.Happiness,too,grows when it is 3 with someone we trust. The second fruit is wiser judgement.Left alone,our minds may be limited by our own experience.We can easily get 4 in our fixed ideas and fail to spot our blind spots.Talking openly with friends can 5 new viewpoints.Their different opinions help us 6 our thinking and avoid hasty decisions. The third fruit lies in practical support.There are many goals hard for a single person to 7 .Friends with different strengths can 8 us when we meet barriers.However,Bacon warns us not to 9 casual acquaintances for true friends.Hanging out in crowds does not equal deep friendship.Shallow relationships cannot 10 the three fruits. True friendship cannot be gained overnight.It requires us to 11 friends carefully and maintain the bond with patience.We cannot only 12 comfort and advice without giving anything back.Friendship is a two‑way journey.If we value our close friends and keep sincere communication,they will 13 us through hard times and cheer for our success.Such precious bonds have 14 the test of time and will continue to 15 us to become better versions of ourselves. 1. A.deeper B.higher C.wider D.longer 2. A.take off B.work out C.lighten D.pick up 3. A.covered B.shared C.mixed D.compared 4. A.lost B.stuck C.involved D.absorbed 5. A.bring about B.bring up C.bring back D.bring in 6. A.narrow B.shorten C.sharpen D.broaden 7. A.reach B.design C.set D.imagine 8. A.wait for B.look for C.stand by D.call on 9. A.recognize B.mistake C.replace D.praise 10. A.produce B.harvest C.contain D.select 11. A.respect B.greet C.choose D.admire 12. A.ask for B.care for C.prepare for D.fight for 13. A.guide B.follow C.praise D.comfort 14. A.passed B.stood C.failed D.ignored 15. A.force B.allow C.inspire D.permit 答案：1.A 2.C 3.B 4.B 5.D 6.D 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.A 11.C 12.A 13.A 14.B 15.C 语篇导读：本文是一篇议论文。文章引用了弗朗西斯·培根在《论友谊》中的观点，探讨了真正友谊的价值。文章指出，友谊的价值远不止于一起玩乐，它能带来情感慰藉、帮助做出更明智的判断并提供实际支持。同时，文章也强调了真正的友谊需要精心选择和耐心维系，是双向的付出。 高考高频词汇： run deep程度深，根深蒂固 pour out倾诉 burden n.负担 halved adj.减半的 spot v.发现，注意到 barrier n.障碍 casual acquaintance泛泛之交 maintain v.维持，保持 题目详解： 1.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：许多人可能认为友谊只是一起玩乐，但培根相信它的价值要深远得多。run much deeper意为“程度深得多”，符合语境。 2.考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个值得信赖的朋友让我们倾诉感情，这有助于减轻我们的沉重负担。lighten one's burden意为“减轻某人的负担”，符合语境。 3.考查动词词义辨析。句意：同样，当快乐与我们信任的人分享时，它也会增长。根据前文“a trouble shared becomes a trouble halved”可知，此处指“分享”快乐。 4.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们很容易固守己见，发现不了自己的盲点。get stuck in意为“陷入，困于”，此处指思想陷入固定模式，符合语境。 5.考查动词短语辨析。句意：与朋友坦诚交流可以引入新的观点。bring in意为“引入，带来”，符合语境。 6.考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们不同的观点帮助我们开阔思维，避免草率决定。broaden one's thinking意为“开阔某人的思维”，符合语境。 7.考查动词词义辨析。句意：有许多目标是一个人很难独立完成的。reach goals意为“实现目标”，是固定搭配。 8.stand by考查动词短语辨析。句意：拥有不同优势的朋友在我们遇到障碍时能支持我们。stand by意为“支持，站在……一边”，符合语境。 9.mistake考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，培根警告我们不要把泛泛之交误认为真正的朋友。mistake A for B意为“把A误认为B”，是固定搭配。 10.考查动词词义辨析。句意：肤浅的关系无法结出这三种果实。produce在此处意为“产生，结出（果实）”，符合语境。 11.考查动词词义辨析。句意：它要求我们仔细选择朋友，并用耐心来维系这种关系。根据前文“select friends wisely”可知，此处指“选择”朋友。 12.考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们不能只索取安慰和建议而不给予任何回报。ask for意为“请求，索取”，符合语境。 13.考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们珍惜我们的挚友并保持真诚的沟通，他们将在困难时期引导我们，并为我们的成功欢呼。guide sb.through hard times意为“引导某人度过困难时期”，符合语境。 14.考查动词词义辨析。句意：这样珍贵的纽带经受住了时间的考验，并将继续激励我们成为更好的自己。stand the test of time意为“经受住时间的考验”，是固定搭配。 15.考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。inspire sb.to do sth.意为“激励某人做某事”，符合语境。 九、语法填空 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Francis Bacon,one of the most famous British thinkers,wrote the essay Of Friendship, 1 has inspired generations of readers to think about the value of true friendship.In this essay,he describes three“fruits”of friendship, 2 (offer)us emotional comfort,wiser judgement and practical help. As social beings,humans are not supposed 3 (carry)all feelings alone.When we share our sorrow with trusted friends,the burden will be lightened.Meanwhile,joy gains extra value when it 4 (share).That is the origin of Bacon’s famous saying:a trouble shared is a trouble halved. When we stay alone,our thoughts may be limited by our own experience.Communicating with friends helps us 5 (wide)our views and discover our blind spots.Besides,friends can give us support when we face challenges.Many goals are difficult for 6 single person to finish. However,Bacon reminds us that mixing with a crowd is not the same as keeping true friends.We must select friends 7 (careful).True friendship is a two‑way bond, 8 requires time and patience from both sides.We cannot only ask 9 comfort without giving anything in return.Only sincere friendship can provide us 10 strength to go through the rocky road of life. 答案：1.which 2.offering 3.to carry 4.is shared 5.widen 6.a 7.carefully 8.which 9.for 10.with 语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了弗朗西斯·培根的散文《论友谊》及其核心观点，即友谊能带来情感慰藉、明智判断和实际帮助三大益处，并强调了真诚友谊是双向的，需要精心选择和耐心维护。 高考高频词汇： inspire v.激励，鼓舞 generation n.一代人 reflection n.沉思，反思 judgement n.判断力 practical adj.实际的，实用的 be supposed to do sth.应该做某事 barrier n.障碍，壁垒 bond n.纽带，联系 patience n.耐心 in return作为回报 sincere adj.真诚的 rocky adj.崎岖不平的，多岩石的 题目详解： 1.考查定语从句。句意：弗朗西斯·培根，英国最著名的思想家之一，写了《论友谊》这篇散文，它激励了一代又一代的读者思考真正友谊的价值。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词是“the essay Of Friendship”，指物，且在从句中作主语，故填which。 2.考查非谓语动词。句意：在这篇散文中，他描述了友谊的三种“果实”，为我们提供了情感慰藉、更明智的判断和实际的帮助。此处为现在分词短语作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，故填offering。 3.考查非谓语动词。句意：作为社会性动物，人类不应该独自承受所有的情感。be supposed to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“应该做某事”，故填to carry。 4.考查动词的时态和语态。句意：同时，当快乐被分享时，它会获得额外的价值。joy与share之间是被动关系，且此处描述的是普遍真理，应用一般现在时的被动语态，故填is shared。 5.考查非谓语动词。句意：与朋友交流有助于我们开阔视野，发现我们的盲点。help sb.(to)do sth.是固定搭配，意为“帮助某人做某事”，此处用动词原形widen，意为“使变宽，开阔”。 6.考查冠词。句意：许多目标对于一个人来说是很难独立完成的。a single person意为“一个人”，表示泛指，故填a。 7.考查副词。句意：我们必须谨慎地选择朋友。此处修饰动词select，应用副词形式，故填carefully。 8.考查定语从句。句意：真正的友谊是一种双向的纽带，它需要双方的时间和耐心。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词是“a two-way bond”，指物，且在从句中作主语，故填which。 9.考查介词。句意：我们不能只索取安慰而不给予任何回报。ask for意为“请求，索取”，是固定搭配，故填for。 10.考查介词。句意：只有真诚的友谊才能为我们提供度过人生坎坷之路的力量。provide sb with sth为固定搭配，意思为给某人提供某物，故填with。 英语练习题第 1 页 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $