内容正文:
Unit 4 Natural Disasters
单元核心知识
一、词性转换
rescue ['reskju:]
5
breathe [bri:]
n.&vt.营救;救援
vi.&t.呼吸
→
rescuer n.营救人员;
breath n.呼吸
救援人员
2
survive sa'varv]
vi.生存;存活t.幸存;
revive [rr'varv]
艰难度过
vt.&vi.复活;(使)苏醒
→
survivor
n.幸存者;生还者
→revival n.振兴;复苏
survival n.幸存;生还
3
death [dee]
suffer[sAfa(r)】
n.死;死亡
→die vi.死;死亡
vt.遭受;蒙受vi.(因疾病、
痛苦、悲伤等)受苦
→dead adj.死的;无生命的
dying adj垂死的;临终的
→
suffering n.痛苦;苦难
sufferer n.受苦者
4
shock [fpk]
n.震惊;令人震惊的事;休克
8
wisdom
['wIzdam]
vt.(使)震惊
n.智慧;才智
→shocked
adj.震惊的
→vise ad.明智的;有智慧的
→shocking adj..令人震惊的
wisely adv.明智地;有智慧地
Unit 4 Natural Disasters
单元核心知识
一、
词性转换
9.
sweep
[swi:p]t.&vi.打扫;清扫
一(过去式)swept一(过去分词)swept
10.
strike[straIk]vi.&vt.侵袭;突击;击打
n.罢工;罢课;袭击
(过去式)struck→(过去分词)struck/stricken
11.
power['paua(r)】n.电力供应;能量;力量;控制力
powerful ad.强大的;强有力的一powerless adj..无力的;
没有能力的;无权力的
12.erupt['rpt)vi.&vt.(火山)爆发;(岩浆、烟等)喷出
一eruption n.爆发
13.calm [ka:m]
adj.镇静的;沉着的
vt.使平静;
使镇静
一calmly adv.镇静地;沉着地
14.
deliver[dr'lrva(r)】]vt.&vi.递送;传达
vt.发表
一delivery n.递送;传达
15.effect'fekt]n.影响;结果;效果
→effective ad.有效的
【易错】affect是动词“影响”,effect常作名词“影响;效果”。
16.length[lep6]n.长;长度
long adj.长的一lengthen vt.加长
Unit 4 Natural Disasters
单元核心知识
二、
核心单词
单词
音标
词性
释义
搭配
natural disaster
disaster
[dI'za:sta(r)]
灾难;灾害
自然灾害
landslide
slide
[slard]
vi.vt.
(使)滑行;滑动
山体滑坡
洪水;大量vⅵ.淹没;
be flooded with
flood
[flAd]
n.vi.vt.
大量涌入vt,使灌满水:
被…淹没;
淹没
充满…
come to one's rescue营救某人;
rescue..from.把…从
rescue
['reskju:]
n.vt.
营救;救援
营救出来
【辩折】rescue...from.,(把,从救出)
vs save...from.,(使m免于m),
损害;破坏;
do/cause damage to
damage
['daemrd3]
vt.n.
n,损坏;损失
对…造成损害
be completely destroyed
被彻底毁坏
destroy
[dI'stroI]
vt.
摧毁;毁灭
【擀析】damage指损春且常可修复
desiroy指彻底毁坏”
避难处;居所;庇护
take shelter from
shelter
['Jelta(r)]
n.vt.vi.
vt.保护;掩蔽vi.躲避
躲避…
(风雨或危险)
in ruins严重受损;
ruin
['ru:mn]
n.vt.
破坏;毀坏
ruin one's hope毁掉某人的希望
百分之…ad&ad加.
..percent of
percent
[pa'sent]
n.&adj.&adv.
每一百中
百分之
trap
使落入险境;使陷入圈套
be trapped in
[traep]
t.&n.
n.险境;陷阱
被困在…中
be buried in
bury
['beri]
vt.
埋葬;安葬
被埋在…;专心于…
Unit 4
Natural Disasters
★单元核心知识★
二、核心单词
单词
音标
词性
释义
搭配
effort
make an effort to do
['efat灯
努力;艰难的尝试;
n.
尽力
努力做某事
in context
context
['kpntekst]
n.
上下文;语境;背景
在上下文中
供应(量);补给;[pl]补给品
supply sb.with sth.
supply
[sa'plar]
n.vt.
向某人提供某物;
t.供应;供给
supplies补给品
vi.vt.
tap
轻叩;轻敲;轻拍
[taep]
tap water自来水
&n.
n.水龙头;轻叩;轻敲
pipe
[parp]
n.
管子;管道
water pipe水管
镇静的;沉着的
calm down冷静下来;
calm
[ka:m]
adj.vt.
vt.使平静;使镇静
keep calm保持镇静
first aid急救;
aid
n.vi.
援助;帮助;救援物资
[eId]
aid sb.in doing
vt.
vi&vt.(formal)帮助;援助
帮助某人做某事
t.&i.
crash
碰撞;撞击
[kraef]
&n.
n.撞车;碰撞
sweep
[swi:p]
vt.vi.
(swept,
swept))打扫;清扫
n.vi.
海浪;波浪
wave
[weIv]
a huge wave巨浪
vt.
i.&t挥手;招手
vi.vt.
(struck,struck/stricken)
strike
be struck by
[strark]
&n.
侵袭;突击;击打
被…袭击/打动
n.罢工;罢课;袭击
Unit 4 Natural Disasters
单元核心知识
、
重点短语
1.in ruins
10.on hand
严重受损;破败不堪
在手边;可供使用
【易错】in ruins表示“严重受损:
破败不堪”,ruin也可作动词“毁坏"
11.do/cause damage to
2.in shock
对…造成损害
震惊;吃惊
12.be trapped in
3.tens of thousands of
被困在…中
数以万计的
【提醒】be trapped in与be buried in
都可表示被困/被埋;be buried in还可
表示“专心于”。
4.refer to
谈起;说起;提到;指的是
13.dig out
挖出;找出
5.at least
至少;起码
at least
14.provide sth.for sb.
provide sb.with sth.
为某人提供某物
6.in the open air
15.suffer from
露天;在户外
受…之苦;患…病
7.come to an end
16.first aid
结束
急救
8.stand at
17.keep calm
达到(某数量或水平)
保持镇静
9.sweep away
18.be known for
冲走;摧毀;彻底消除
因…而出名
Unit 4 Natural Disasters
单元核心知识
四、重点句型
句型:It seemed as if...
结构分析:
asif引导表语从句,seemed后接asif从句表示
“似乎/好像”,were coming表示当时正在发生的情景。
教材原句:
It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!
句型仿写:
It seemed as if the whole city were shaking.
中文:
似乎/仿佛…。
句型:Nearly+分数/百分数+of.
结构分析:
分数/百分数+of+名词作主语时,谓语单复数
通常与of后名词的意义保持一致。
教材原句:
Nearly one third of the whole nation felt it!
句型仿写:
Nearly half of the students took part in the activity.
中文:
几乎…的…。
句型:Soon after..,sb.did..todo.…
结构分析:
Soon after..作时间状语;两个并列的todo短语作
目的状语;who引导定语从句修饰those.。
教材原句:
Soon after the quakes,the army sent 150,000 soldiers
to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
句型仿写:
Soon after the flood,volunteers arrived to help those who were in danger.
中文:
…之后不久,某人做…来…。
句型:,whose+名词+had been done..
结构分析:
whose引导定语从句,whose homes表示“他们的家”;
had been done是过去完成时的被动语态,表示过去某时以前已经被,
教材原句:
Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
句型仿写:
The school helped students whose books had been lost.
中文:
…的…已经被…的人/物。
English
Unit 4 Natural Disasters
单元核心知识
五、核心语法(上)
限制性定语从句(一):关系代词
一、
学习目标
能用who,whom,which,that,whose引导限制性定语从句,说明并限定先行词。
基本概念
00
先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。
●
关系词:连接主句和从句,并在从句中充当成分。
限制性定语从句:对先行词进行必要限定,通常不用逗号隔开。
例
The number of people who were killed or badly injured
in the quake was more than 400,000.
三、
关系代词选择
who
指人,在从句中作主语或宾语。
例D
The rescue workers who came to Tangshan
helped many people
whom
指人,在从句中作宾语,较正式。
例
The man whom we met is a survivor.
which
指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。
The building which was destroyed has been rebuilt.
that
既可指人也可指物,在限制性定语从句中常用,可作主语或宾语。
The supplies that were sent to the disaster area arrived in time.
5
whose
表示所属关系,既可指人也可指物,后面通常接名词。
Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been
destroyed.
Unit 4 Natural Disasters
单元核心知识
五、核心语法(下)
限制性定语从句(一);关系代词
四、关系代词的省略:
五、只能用that的常见情况
(高中阶段掌握)
关系代词在从句中作宾语时常可省略;
①
先行词既有人又有物时。
作主语时不可省略。
We talked about the people and
things that impressed us.
例
The book that I bought is useful.
2
可写作The book I bought is useful..
先行词被all,everything,nothing,.little,
much等不定代词修饰或本身是不定代词时。
Everything that happened in Tangshan
The man who helped us was a soldier.
was reported.
其中who作主语,不可省略。
③先行词被the only,,the very,.the last,
最高级或序数词修饰时。
This is the first rescue story that I read.
六、不能用that的常见情况
七、
判断步骤
①
介词提前到关系词前时不用that。
1
找先行词:看定语从句修饰谁。
The house in which he lived was destroyed.
不说in that。.
看先行词指人还是物。
3
把先行词放回从句,判断缺主语、
2
非限制性定语从句中不用that。
宾语还是定语。
Tangshan,which was hit by a big
earthquake,has been rebuilt.
缺定语用whose;缺主语或宾语
再根据人/物选择who/whom/which/that,
八、学习提醒
who
which
判断关系词时,不只看先行词指人还是物,
that
还要看关系词在从句中作什么成分。