Unit 4 Natural Disasters 单词 知识 清单-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版必修第一册

该高中英语知识清单系统梳理了必修一Unit 4核心词汇知识体系。从单词的词性、基础释义出发，延伸至核心短语搭配、用法示例，进而涵盖近义词辨析、词形变化及语境应用，构建从基础认知到拓展运用的学习支架。 知识链路按照“词义理解-短语积累-用法掌握-拓展深化”的逻辑清晰呈现，每个词汇附具体搭配、例句及易混词对比。通过结构化梳理和语境化示例，提升学生语言运用能力，培养分析比较的思维品质，助力掌握系统记忆方法，符合新课标核心素养要求。

必修一Unit 4 单词知识清单 flood n. the rising of a body of water and its overflowing onto normally dry land n. an overwhelming number or amount v. fill quickly beyond capacity; as with a liquid 大量的…… floods of/a flood of... 大量涌入flood in/into... 蜂拥而出flood out of... 用…充满…flood...with... 常用被动语态：be flooded with 泪如泉涌in floods of tears rescue n. A rescue is an attempt to save someone from a dangerous or unpleasant situation vt. If you rescue someone, you get them out of a dangerous or unpleasant situation. 营救某人 come/go to one’s rescue 把……从……中解救出来 rescue...from... 一次营救行动a rescue attempt/operation 救援队/ 人员/ 船只/ 直升机rescue teams/workers/boats/helicopters 进行营救make/perform a rescue damage v. to harm or spoil sth./sb. n. physical harm caused to sth which makes it less attractive, useful or valuable n. harmful effects on sb/sth 对……造成损害/ 破坏do/cause damage to... 损害某人的健康/ 形象damage one’s health/the image/ 严重/ 轻微受损be badly seriously/slightly damaged 遭受损伤 suffer damage damage，destroy 与 ruin （1）damage 指部分“破坏”“损坏”，一般还可修复。 （2）destroy 指彻底“破坏”“毁坏”，一般不能或很难再修复。 （3）ruin 指严重“毁坏”，侧重指破坏事物的内在价值。 　 destroy vt. to damage sth so badly that it no longer exists, works, etc. destruction n. 毁灭 destructive adj.毁灭性的 destroyer n.破坏者 be completely/totally destroyed 被彻底摧毁 destroy one’s life/faith/hope/confidence 毁掉某人的生活/ 信仰/ 希望/ 信心 destroy the evidence 销毁证据　　　 destroy the peace 破坏和平 death n.死亡 die v.死亡 消失 dying-died-died dead adj.死的，死气沉沉的 deadly adj.致命的 极度的 dying adj.垂死的临终的 affect v. to produce a change in sb./sth. 影响 Our life will be greatly affected if we are addicted to the Internet. 如果我们沉迷于互联网，我们的生活将会受到很大影响。 （疾病）侵袭，使感染 to make sb. become ill/sick The disease affects millions of people in the world every year. 每年全世界有数百万人感染这种疾病。 to make sb. have strong feelings of sadness，pity，etc. （感情上）深深打动，使悲伤（或怜悯等） Most people present at the meeting were deeply affected by his speech yesterday. 昨天出席会议的大多数人都被他的演讲深深打动了。 affect one’s decision 影响某人的决定 　 be affected by... 被……感动 affection n. 喜爱 have a great affection for... 很喜欢…… （形近词） effect n. 影响；效应 have an effect on 对……有影响 shelter n. a structure that provides privacy and protection from danger build/set up/put up a shelter 搭建避难所 under the shelter of... 在……的庇护下 take shelter from... 躲避… take shelter from the storm 躲避暴风雨 seek shelter 寻求庇护 a temporary shelter 临时避难所 　　　　　　　 an animal shelter 动物收容处 v. provide shelter for shelter sb./sth.（from...）保护某人/ 某物（免受……） shelter from... 躲避（风雨或危险） shelter the homeless 庇护无家可归者 ruin n.［U］破坏；破产the state or process of being destroyed or severely damaged； ［C］［pl.］废墟，残垣断壁 ruin 表示“废墟”时常用复数形式 in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪 fall into ruin 衰落；毁灭 the ruins of...……的遗迹 reduce sth. to ruins 把某物夷为废墟 financial ruin 破产 vt. to damage sth so badly that it loses all its value, pleasure, etc.; to spoil sth 破坏；毁坏 ruin an entire day 毁掉一整天 ruin one’s hope/health/future/ fame 毁掉某人的希望/ 健康/ 前途/ 名誉 shock n. a strong feeling of surprise as a result of sth happening, especially sth unpleasant; or the event that causes this feeling. vt. If something shocks you, it makes you feel very upset, because it involves death or suffering and because you had not expected it shocked adj. 震惊的；愤慨的（多修饰人及人的表情、声音等） shocking adj. 使人震惊的；令人气愤的（多修饰事物） a shocked look/expression 震惊的表情 shocking behaviour 骇人听闻的行为 in shock 震惊；吃惊；处于休克状态 an electric shock 触电；电击 culture shock 文化冲击 give sb. a shock 使某人震惊 come as a shock to sb. 让某人震惊 It shocks sb. that... It shocks sb. to do sth. be shocked at/by 对……感到震惊 trap----trapped—trapped— trapping （1）vt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套 to keep sb in a dangerous place or bad situation that they want to get out of but cannot （2） n.（捕捉动物的）陷阱；圈套； a piece of equipment for catching animals （难以逃脱的）困境an unpleasant situation from which it is hard to escape a clever plan designed to trick sb, either by capturing them or by making them do or say sth that they did not mean to do or say圈套；诡计 be trapped in 困在……中；陷入……中 be trapped by 被……困住 trap sb. into（doing）sth. 诱骗某人（做）某事 sb. be trapped into (doing) sth. = trick sb. into （doing） sth. lay/set a trap（for sb.）（给某人）设下圈套 fall into the trap of doing sth. 掉进做某事的陷阱 avoid the trap of doing sth. 避免掉进做某事的陷阱 bury v. 埋葬，安葬；to place a dead body in a grave 埋藏；覆盖；to cover sb/sth with soil, rocks, leaves, etc. 掩藏，使陷入； to ignore or hide a feeling, a mistake, etc. 把…插入（某物）to put sth deeply into sth else bury...in... 把……埋到……里 bury one’s face/head in one’s hands 双手掩面/ 双手抱头 bury oneself in = be buried in 专心致志于…… breathe vi. & vt. 呼吸 breath n.呼吸 breathless adj.（使）气喘吁吁的，上气不接下气的；（使人）屏息的，目瞪口呆的 take a deep breath=breathe deeply 深吸一口气 breathe in and out 呼吸 　　　　　　　 breathe a sigh of relief 松了一口气 out of breath 气喘吁吁，上气不接下气 　　　　 lose one’s breath 喘不上气来 hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸　　　　　　　 a breathtaking view 激动人心的景色 take one’s breath away 令人惊叹；让人叹绝 breathe air 呼吸空气 breathe a word 说出，讲出 effort （1）n. an attempt to do sth especially when it is difficult to do （2）n. the physical or mental energy that you need to do sth; sth that takes a lot of energy effortless adj. 不需费力的；容易的　　　 make efforts/an effort（to do sth.）努力/ 尽力（做某事） make every effort to do sth. 尽全力做某事 spare no effort（to do sth.）不遗余力（做某事） without effort 毫不费力地 be worth the effort 值得努力 in an effort to do sth. 为了做某事 suffer （1）vi.受苦 受折磨to be badly affected by a disease, pain, sadness, a lack of sth, etc suffer from 因……而遭受损失（痛苦等） suffer from a serious illness/a headache 患重病/头疼 （2）vt. 遭受；蒙受（其后常跟抽象名词，相当于experience） to experience sth unpleasant, such as injury, defeat or loss suffer pain/hardships/a defeat 经历痛苦/ 苦难 /失败 suffering n. 痛苦；疼痛 sufferer n. 受难者；患病者 erupt vi. & vt. （火山）爆发；（岩浆、烟等）喷出 when a volcano erupts or burning rocks, smoke, etc. erupt or are erupted , the burning rocks, etc. are thrown out from the volcano； 突然发生；爆发 to start happening, suddenly and violently 突然发出（尤指叫喊） to suddenly express your feelings very strongly, especially by shouting loudly eruption n. 爆发；突发 When David scored，the crowd erupted. 大卫得分时，观众欢声雷动。 erupt violently 猛烈地爆发 volcanic eruption 火山喷发 erupt into 突然变为或发展成（更坏的事） supply n. 供应（量）；补给［pl.］补给品 an amount of sth that is provided or available to be used； vt. 供应；供给 ……的供应 a supply of/supplies of... 供应不足（be）in short supply 向某人提供某物 supply sb. with sth. supply sth. to sb. 供水 water supply 供求关系supply and demand survive（1）vt. & vi. to continue to live or exist despite a dangerous event or time作及物动词时，其后常跟war，accident，flood， fire，earthquake，air crash 等词语。 vi.（靠很少的钱）继续维持生活 survive on（= live on）靠……活下来/ 生存 How does the family survive on such a small monthly pay? 这一家的月收入这么少，怎么维持生计呢？ （4）vt. 比……活（或存在）得时间长 survive sb. by + 时间　比某人多活…… survival n.幸存 survivor n.幸存者 survive from 幸免于 power n.（1）电力供应；能量；能源；力量the strength or energy contained in sth nuclear/wind/solar power 核能/ 风能/ 太阳能 　 a power plant 发电厂 a power failure/cut 停电 （2）能力；控制力the ability to control people or things （3）政权；统治political control of a country or an area （4）vt.驱动，推动（机器或车辆）to supply a machine or vehicle with the energy that makes it work be powered by 由……驱动 powerful adj. 强有力的；强大的 powerless adj. 无力的 无权的 within one’s power 力所能及　　 beyond/out of one’s power 某人能力所不及 take/lose power 掌握/ 失掉政权 come to power 开始掌权/ 执政（短暂性动词短语，强调动作） be in power 执政（强调状态） emergency n. 突发事件；紧急情况 adj.紧急情况下的应急的 emergent adj. 新兴的/处于发展初期的/露头的 In case of emergency，break the glass and press the button. 如遇紧急情况，击碎玻璃并按下按钮。 She has the ability to keep calm in an emergency. 她有处变不惊的能力。 the emergency exit 紧急出口 　 an emergency call 紧急呼叫 the emergency department 急诊科 in times of emergency 在紧急情况下　 in case of emergency 万一发生紧急情况 calm（1）adj. 镇静的；沉着的；（天气）无风的；（海洋）风平浪静的 keep/stay/remain calm 保持镇静 （2）vt. 使平静；使镇静 calm（sb.）down（使某人）平静下来，镇静下来 calmly adv.平静地镇静地 calmness n.平静，镇静 on hand 现有（尤指帮助） You had better keep some food on hand in case of emergency. 你最好准备一些食物，以备紧急情况。 （1）in hand 在手头；在处理中 　　 at hand 在手边；即将发生 （at） first hand 第一手；亲自 　　　 by hand 用手工 hand in hand 手拉手地；密切关联　　 on the one hand...on the other hand... 一方面……另一方面…… （2）hand in 提交，交上　 hand out 分发　hand over 交出；移交 hand on 移交；传递　hand down 把某事物传下去；传给（后代） crash （1）vt. & vi. 碰撞；撞击；（使）猛撞；（飞机）坠毁；撞（车）； （计算机）崩溃 vi. 暴跌 （2）n. 撞车，碰撞；碰撞声；倒闭，暴跌 crash into... 撞上…… 　　 a train/car crash 火车/ 汽车撞车事故 a plane crash/an air crash 飞机失事 sweep—swept—swept vt. & vi. 打扫；清扫 sweep away 消灭；彻底消除；吹走，带走 sweep out 打扫干净，清扫干净　　　 sweep over 涌上心头 sweep through 席卷；掠过；在……迅速传播 wave（1）n. 海浪，波浪；心潮，风潮；挥手；波 （2） vi. & vt. 挥手，挥手示意（方向） vt. 挥舞，挥动（手中之物） vi. 飘动，起伏 a wave of 一阵……，一股…… 当我意识到没有人可以帮助我时，我心中涌起一股悲伤的感觉。 A wave of grief came over me，as I realised there was no one left to help me. give sb. a wave 向某人挥手 wave one’s hand/arm 挥手/ 挥舞胳膊 radio waves 无线电波 wave to/at 向……挥手 wave sb. goodbye/wave goodbye to sb. 跟某人挥手道别 strike（struck，struck/stricken） vi. & vt.（灾难、疾病）侵袭，袭击，爆发 vt. 击，打；撞，碰to hit sb/sth hard or with force strike sb. on/against/in/...+ the + 身体部位 击打某人的…… Be careful not to strike your head against the door. 小心不要把头撞在门上。 vi. 罢工vt. & vi. 敲（钟），报时；划（火柴）， 击出（火星） The clock has just struck three. 时钟刚刚敲过三点。 Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。 strike a match 划火柴 vt. 突然出现（在脑子里），猛地意识到；给（某人以……）印象 It strikes/hits sb. that... 某人突然想到……（= It occurs to sb. that...） It struck me that playing against the other team was a great learning moment for my own team. 我突然意识到，对我自己的队伍来说， 和另一个队伍比赛是一个很好的学习时刻。 be struck by... 被……打动 n. 罢工；罢课；袭击 be（out）on strike 在罢工（状态） go on strike 举行罢工（动作） striker n. 罢工者 striking adj. 引人注目的 stricken adj. 受灾的；患病的 aid （1）n. 援助；帮助；救援物资 money, food, etc. that is sent to help countries in difficult situations （2）vi. & vt. 帮助；援助（比help 正式） first aid 急救 come to one’s aid 过来帮某人的忙 in aid of... 为了帮助…… with the aid of（=with one’s aid）在……的帮助下 aid sb. in（doing）sth. 帮助某人（做）某事 aid sb. with sth. 在某方面帮助某人 deliver （1）vt. & vi. 递送，传送，交付，运载to take goods, letters, etc. to the person or people they have been sent to; to take sb somewhere （2）vt. 发表，宣布，发布to give a speech, talk, etc. or other official statement （3）vt. 接生，助产；分娩，生产 deliver sth. to sb. 把某物运送给某人 have/get sth. delivered 把……送/ 运过来 deliver a speech/lecture 发表演讲 deliver a baby 接生 delivery n. 传送，递送；分娩 summary n. 总结；概括；概要 summarise v. 概述；总结 in summary 总的来说，总之 make a summary 作总结 effect n. 影响；结果；效果 effective adj. 有效的；实际的 effectively adv. 有效地；事实上 have a great/positive/negative effect on 对……有重大/ 积极/ 消极影响 greenhouse effect 温室效应 　 side effects 副作用 in effect 事实上，实际上 come into effect 生效，开始实施 　 take effect 生效，开始起作用 bring/put...into effect 实行，实施，使生效 length n. 长；长度；（持续）时间的长短；篇幅 long adj. 长的　 lengthen vi. & vt.（使）变长　 lengthy adj. 漫长的，冗长的 in length 在长度上 at length 最后；详尽地；长时间 at great/full length 十分详尽地 go to any/some/great lengths 竭尽全力；不遗余力 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $