2026-2027学年沪教版九年级英语上册 Unit 2 Great ideas 测验A卷（广州专用）

**基本信息** 沪教版九年级英语上册Unit 2 Great ideas测验A卷（广州专用），聚焦“创新思想”主题，通过科技史、文化传承等真实情境，融合语言知识与综合应用，适配单元复习，全面考查语言能力、思维品质及文化意识。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |语言知识及运用|20题/25分|语法（时态、被动语态等）、词汇语境运用|语法选择以城市公园为情境，完形填空通过合唱团经历渗透团队协作价值观| |阅读|20题/35分|细节理解、推理判断、主旨归纳|选材含Haber制氨、贝尔电话等科技史，Kenji木屐传承等文化案例，培养跨文化理解| |项目情境|10题/20分|信息匹配、问题解决|“青年发明家论坛”匹配环保（雨水收集）、科技（AI发音纠正）等创新方案，读写综合考察周鹏净水装置案例分析| |写作|11题/30分|词汇拼写、语法准确、篇章组织|书面表达要求提出校园创新方案，语篇填词围绕“接纳新思想”主题，渗透批判性思维|

沪教版九年级英语上册 Unit 2 Great ideas测验A卷（广州专用） 沪教版九年级英语上册 Unit 2 Great ideas测验A卷（广州专用）【新教材】 本卷共四大题，14页，满分110分。考试用时100分钟。 注意事项： 1. 答题前，考生务必在答题卡上用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔填写自己的考生号、姓名。 2. 选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。答案不能答在试卷上。 3. 非选择题答案必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔写在答题卡各题目指定区域内的相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案，改动后的答案也不能超出指定的区域；不准使用铅笔、涂改液和修正带。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。 4. 考生必须保持答题卡的整洁，考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 一、语言知识及运用（共两节；满分 25 分） 第一节 语法选择（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分） 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从 1～10 各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中选出最佳选项。 In recent years, the importance of urban parks has gained increasing attention. Urban parks play a vital role in modern city life. They 1 green spaces for residents（居民）to relax and exercise. Many people 2 by the beauty of these parks, and they visit them regularly. In fact, a recent survey found that over 70% of citizens consider parks essential for their wellbeing. Moreover, parks provide a safe place for community gatherings. Many families spend their weekends there, enjoying the fresh air and sunshine. To enjoy a park fully, visitors should plan their trips wisely. They can bring a picnic 3 a pleasant afternoon. 4 the weather might be unpredictable, it is still worthwhile to visit the park. Parks are also perfect places for children to play 5 their parents. Some parks even offer guided tours for those 6 want to learn more about local plants. 7 is widely recognised that spending time in nature reduces stress. Therefore, city planners 8 include more parks in new developments. Studies show that people who live near parks are 9 than those who do not. The well-maintained trees and flowers in parks attract many birds and insects, creating a lively environment. It is also interesting to see 10 different activities people do, from jogging to yoga and even tai chi. 1. A. provide   B. provides   C. provided   D. have provided 2. A. attract   B. attracts   C. are attracted   D. were attracted 3. A. spend   B. spending   C. to spend   D. spent 4. A. Because   B. Although   C. Unless   D. Since 5. A. for   B. with   C. about   D. by 6. A. who   B. which   C. whom   D. whose 7. A. That   B. What   C. This   D. It 8. A. can   B. must   C. should   D. would 9. A. happy   B. more happily   C. happiest   D. happier 10. A. what   B. which   C. why   D. when 第二节 完形填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分） 阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从 11～20 各题所给的 A、B、C、D 项中，选出最佳选项。 I still remember the day I decided to join my school’s choir. That decision changed my life. I had always loved singing, but I was 11 about performing in front of a large audience. On the first day of practice, our teacher told us that we would 12 a competition in three months. I felt both excited and nervous. We practiced every afternoon after school. At first, I had difficulty 13 the high notes. My voice often cracked, which made me 14 . However, my classmates encouraged me and gave me useful tips. Slowly, I began to improve. We also learned to sing in harmony（和声）, which required good 15 among all members. Our teacher often reminded us to listen to each other carefully. One month before the competition, we still sounded 16 at times. Our teacher suggested that we record our practice and listen to it carefully. This method helped us 17 our mistakes and correct them. We worked harder than ever before, even staying after school for extra practice. On the day of the competition, we walked onto the stage with 18 . We sang our hearts out and received warm applause from the audience. To our great joy, we won second place! This experience taught me that 19 is the key to success. I also learned that working with others can be 20 rewarding（有益的）than working alone. 11. A. tired   B. excited   C. bored   D. nervous 12. A. hold   B. attend   C. enter   D. organise 13. A. producing   B. playing   C. making   D. hitting 14. A. embarrassed B. proud   C. relaxed   D. confident 15. A. leadership  B. teamwork   C. patience   D. courage 16. A. perfect   B. terrible   C. wonderful   D. beautiful 17. A. create   B. ignore   C. forget   D. identify 18. A. fear   B. doubt   C. confidence   D. regret 19. A. talent   B. luck   C. persistence   D. intelligence 20. A. more   B. less   C. equally   D. as 二、阅读（共两节；满分 35 分） 第一节 阅读理解（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分） 阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从 21～35 各题所给的 A、B、C、D 项中，选出最佳选项。 (A) In the early 20th century, a German chemist named Fritz Haber made a discovery that would forever change agriculture. He found a way to convert（转化）nitrogen（氮）from the air into ammonia（氨）, a chemical compound that could be used as fertiliser. Before this, farmers relied on natural fertilisers like animal manure（粪肥）, which were scarce and could not support the growing global population. Haber’s process involved combining nitrogen and hydrogen under high pressure and temperature, using a catalyst（催化剂）to speed up the reaction. This method allowed ammonia to be produced on an industrial scale. As a result, crop yields increased dramatically（显著地）. Many historians believe that without Haber’s invention, the world would not have been able to feed its rapidly expanding population throughout the 20th century. However, Haber’s legacy is complex. During World War I, he also developed chemical weapons, which caused immense（巨大的）suffering. His work on fertilisers saved billions of lives, but his involvement in warfare also brought pain. Today, scientists continue to debate his overall impact on humanity. Nevertheless, the Haber-Bosch process remains the primary method for producing nitrogen fertilisers worldwide, sustaining（维持）nearly half of the global population. 21. What was the main contribution of Fritz Haber to agriculture? A. He invented a new type of animal manure. B. He discovered a way to produce ammonia from nitrogen. C. He developed chemical weapons for the army. D. He increased the pressure of nitrogen gas. 22. Why was Haber’s invention important for global population growth? A. It reduced the cost of farming tools. B. It allowed farmers to grow more food. C. It provided clean drinking water. D. It stopped wars from breaking out. 23. What can be inferred about Haber from the passage? A. His inventions had both positive and negative effects. B. His work was entirely beneficial to humanity. C. He was primarily a soldier rather than a scientist. D. His process is no longer used today. (B) In the 1870s, a Scottish-born American inventor named Alexander Graham Bell was not the only person trying to transmit speech electrically. At the same time, Elisha Gray, an American inventor, was working on a similar device. The race to secure the telephone patent（专利）came down to a matter of hours. On 14 February 1876, Bell filed his patent application just hours before Gray filed his. This narrow time difference made Bell the official inventor. Bell’s deep understanding of sound came from his family background, as his father and grandfather were both speech teachers who worked with the deaf. This knowledge helped him experiment with tuning forks（音叉）and sound waves. His assistant, Thomas Watson, helped him construct the first working telephone. On 10 March 1876, Bell spoke the famous words, “Mr. Watson, come here. I want to see you,” and Watson heard them clearly through the device. After the patent was granted, Bell faced numerous legal battles. Others, including Gray, challenged his claim. Bell spent years defending his patent in court, eventually winning all cases. His invention quickly spread across the United States and Europe. By the end of the century, telephones were commonplace（普遍的）in major cities. Bell’s work not only connected people but also laid the foundation for the entire telecommunications（电信）industry. 24. Why did Bell become the official inventor of the telephone? A. He demonstrated his device to the public first. B. He worked with a more skilled assistant. C. He had a better understanding of sound. D. He filed his patent earlier than Gray did. 25. What helped Bell gain unique knowledge about sound? A. His training as a telegraph operator. B. His experiments with tuning forks. C. His family’s work with deaf people. D. His partnership with Thomas Watson. 26. What did Bell have to do after receiving the patent? A. He had to improve the sound quality of the device. B. He had to find a business partner to sell his invention. C. He had to teach people how to use the telephone. D. He had to prove in court that his patent was valid. 27. What does the passage mainly discuss? A. The competition between Bell and Gray. B. The invention and early development of the telephone. C. The importance of Thomas Watson’s contribution. D. The legal system for patents in the 19th century. (C) In a remote mountain village in Japan, an elderly craftsman named Kenji has spent forty years perfecting the art of making traditional wooden clogs, known as geta（日式木屐）. These simple shoes, made from a single block of wood with two raised supports underneath, were once worn by everyone in rural（农村的）Japan. Today, however, they are rarely seen outside museums or festivals. Kenji fears that his craft will disappear with him. He has tried to teach younger generations, but most young people prefer modern footwear. To keep the tradition alive, Kenji has started documenting every step of the process, ranging from selecting the right wood to carving the curve of the footbed. He has also created a website where he shares videos and written instructions. Surprisingly, Kenji’s website has attracted attention from overseas. A few designers from Europe have contacted him, expressing interest in using his techniques for contemporary（当代的）footwear. One designer said, “Kenji’s methods are not just about making shoes. They represent a philosophy of simplicity（简约）and respect for materials.” Kenji now receives orders from abroad, and he has employed two young apprentices who are eager to learn. Kenji’s story shows that traditional skills can find new life in unexpected ways. He never imagined that the internet would help save his art. His persistence reminds us that cultural heritage is not fixed in the past. It can adapt and thrive（繁荣）when people care enough to pass it on. 28. What is Kenji’s main concern about his craft? A. The wood used for clogs is becoming rare. B. Young people are not interested in learning it. C. His website does not attract enough visitors. D. The quality of his clogs is getting worse. 29. How did Kenji’s website help his craft? A. It attracted foreign designers interested in his methods. B. It allowed him to sell his clogs at higher prices. C. It replaced the need for physical apprentices. D. It taught him new carving techniques from abroad. 30. What does the designer from Europe think of Kenji’s work? A. It is a reflection of a deeper philosophy about materials. B. It is old-fashioned and not suitable for modern use. C. It is too difficult to learn without personal instruction. D. It is only useful for making traditional Japanese shoes. 31. What message does Kenji’s story convey? A. Traditional crafts are doomed to disappear. B. Japanese culture is better than Western culture. C. Only young people can keep traditions alive. D. Modern technology can help preserve ancient skills. (D) In the mid-19th century, a British doctor named John Snow made a groundbreaking discovery that saved countless lives. At that time, cholera（霍乱）outbreaks were common in London, and no one knew how the disease spread. Most people believed it was caused by “bad air” or miasma（瘴气）. Snow, however, suspected that contaminated water was the real source. During an outbreak in 1854, Snow mapped all the cholera cases in a London neighbourhood called Soho. He noticed that the cases were concentrated around a public water pump on Broad Street. When he asked the local authorities to remove the pump’s handle, the number of new cases dropped dramatically. This evidence convinced many that cholera was waterborne, not airborne. Snow’s investigation laid the foundation for modern epidemiology, the study of how diseases spread. His method of using geographic maps and statistical analysis is still used by public health officials today. Though Snow did not know about bacteria, his logical approach was remarkably accurate. He also urged（敦促）improvements in water and sewer systems, which greatly reduced cholera in cities. Despite his success, Snow faced strong opposition from those who believed in the miasma theory. It took years for his ideas to gain widespread acceptance. Today, John Snow is remembered as the father of modern epidemiology, and his work reminds us that careful observation can overturn even the most widely held beliefs. 32. What did John Snow believe caused cholera? A. Bad air in crowded cities. B. Drinking water that was polluted. C. Eating spoiled food from markets. D. Contact with infected patients. 33. How did Snow prove his theory during the 1854 outbreak? A. He showed that removing the pump handle stopped new cases. B. He found bacteria in the water from the Broad Street pump. C. He compared cholera rates in different cities across Europe. D. He conducted experiments on volunteers who drank the water. 34. What is one lasting contribution of Snow’s work? A. He discovered the bacteria that cause cholera. B. He developed a vaccine against the disease. C. He introduced mapping and statistics to study diseases. D. He convinced everyone to stop using public water pumps. 35. What challenge did Snow face after his discovery? A. He could not find any cases to study. B. He was unable to publish his findings. C. Many people rejected his theory for a long time. D. The government refused to remove the pump handle. 第二节 阅读填空（共 5 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 5 分） 阅读短文及文后选项，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。 In a small town in England, a group of students noticed that many elderly people in their community lived alone and rarely had visitors. The students felt that these elderly residents might be lonely. 36 They decided to do something to brighten the lives of these elderly people. The students came up with a simple but meaningful idea. They started a “Pen Pal” programme, in which each student was paired with an elderly person. 37 They wrote about their daily lives, shared interesting stories, and asked about the elderly people’s experiences. To make the programme more effective, the students also organised monthly visits to the elderly people’s homes. 38 During these visits, they played games, read books together, and listened to the elderly people’s life stories. Many students said that they had learned a great deal from these conversations. As the programme became more popular, more students wanted to join. 39 They divided themselves into teams and assigned each team to a specific elderly person. This ensured that every elderly participant received regular attention. After six months, the students evaluated the programme. They interviewed both the students and the elderly people. 40 The elderly people said they felt much less lonely, and the students said they had gained valuable life experience. Everyone agreed that the programme should continue. 选项： A. During the visits, the elderly people shared their wisdom and offered valuable advice. B. The students wrote to their elderly partners once a week. C. They discussed the problem and agreed that something needed to be changed. D. The students organised themselves carefully to manage the growing number of participants. E. The results showed that the programme was a great success. 三、项目情境（读写综合）（共两节；满分 20 分） 第一节 项目情境（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分） 阅读以下关于学校“青年发明家论坛”的活动介绍，请根据同学们的兴趣匹配对应的活动展台，并将活动展台所对应的A、B、C、D、E、F选项填在相应位置上。选项中有一项为多余选项。 A. You will be introduced to a digital platform where neighbours can exchange items they no longer need with each other. The platform reduces household waste and builds community connections. Attendees will learn how to set up a similar system in their own neighbourhoods. B. This display presents a new type of walking stick equipped with sensors that detect obstacles（障碍物）and send vibration signals（振动信号）to the user’s hand. It was originally designed to assist elderly people with poor vision. C. You will get handson experience in building a device that uses solar energy to power small electronic devices. This workshop focuses on turning sunlight into usable electricity through simple circuits. Participants will leave with a working mini device. D. This workshop teaches participants how to transform used plastic bottles and bags into durable（耐用的）building materials. The process involves cleaning, melting and reshaping the plastic into solid boards that can be used for construction. E. You will explore an innovative application that uses artificial intelligence to correct pronunciation in foreign language learning. The software provides instant feedback and adapts to each learner’s level. It has already helped hundreds of students improve their speaking skills. F. This exhibition displays a system that collects rainwater and distributes it to plants through a network of pipes. Visitors can learn how to set up such a system in their own gardens, reducing water waste and keeping plants healthy during dry seasons. 41. Chen Fang has always been fascinated by how the sun can be used to generate power. He wants to build something practical that can actually power everyday items using renewable energy sources. 42. Li Ming often helps his grandfather in the vegetable garden. He has noticed that too much water is wasted during watering. He wishes to find a more efficient approach to keep the crops watered without using too much water. 43. Zhao Wei is concerned about the growing amount of household rubbish in his community. He believes that many discarded objects could still serve others if they were properly shared and exchanged. He wants to learn how to create a sharing network. 44. Wang Lin loves making handicrafts from waste materials. She is particularly interested in finding ways to reuse plastic waste that would otherwise pollute the environment. She hopes to turn rubbish into something strong and useful. 45. Liu Yang has been studying English for years but still struggles with spoken communication. He is looking for a technological solution that can guide him in producing more accurate sounds and offer immediate suggestions for improvement. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 第二节 读写综合（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分） 阅读短文，掌握大意，并回答以下问题。 In a small city in southern China, a young man named Zhou Peng has developed an affordable water purification device that is transforming the lives of rural families. The inspiration came to him during a visit to his grandmother’s village, where he noticed that many families lacked access to clean drinking water. They relied on river water, which was often contaminated with mud and harmful bacteria. Zhou Peng, who had studied environmental engineering at university, began working on a solution in his spare time. His goal was to create a device that was both cheap and effective. After months of trial and error（反复试验）, he developed a simple filtration（过滤）system using locally available materials, including sand, gravel（砾石）and activated carbon, combined with a special cloth that traps tiny particles（微粒）. The system requires no electricity and costs less than fifty yuan to build. To test his device, Zhou Peng returned to the village and installed the system in ten households. After three weeks of use, water samples were collected and tested. The results showed that the filtered water met national safety standards, with over 99% of bacteria removed. Encouraged by this success, he began training villagers to build and maintain the devices themselves. Within a year, more than two hundred families in the area had adopted the system. Zhou Peng’s invention has since been recognised by a provincial environmental organisation, which has provided funding to expand the project to neighbouring counties. He has also published a simple instruction manual（说明书）in the local dialect（方言）so that even those with limited education can understand the process. His device has reduced waterborne diseases in the region by more than half, and children no longer miss school because of stomach illnesses. Reflecting on his journey, Zhou Peng said, “I never imagined my small idea could reach so many people. But every great change begins with a single step. If we pay attention to the needs around us, we all have the potential to make a difference.” 46. What problem did Zhou Peng notice during his visit to his grandmother’s village? 47. Why did Zhou Peng choose to use sand, gravel and activated carbon in his device? 48. How did Zhou Peng test whether his device actually worked? 49. What did Zhou Peng do to help villagers use the device independently? 50. According to Zhou Peng, what is the key to making a difference in the world? 四、写作（共三节；满分 30 分） 第一节 语篇填词（共 5 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 5 分） 根据下列语篇以及所给单词的首字母写出所缺单词。（每空只写一词） Many people are often too s (51) with their current ways of doing things. They have grown used to certain habits and routines, and they feel safe within them. This comfort zone often leads to i (52) of new possibilities that might improve their lives. When a fresh idea appears, they tend to r (53) it without giving it a fair try. They fear that the new idea might d (54) their familiar tools or methods. However, once the new idea proves its value through wide a (55) in various fields, even the most doubtful people begin to accept it. History is full of such examples. The printing press, for instance, was once rejected by many scholars who preferred handwritten books. Yet its use in spreading knowledge eventually replaced traditional hand-copying and transformed the world forever. Therefore, we should keep an open mind and not let satisfaction or ignorance hold us back from embracing great ideas. 第二节 语法填空（共 5 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 5 分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Great ideas often change the course of history. One such idea was the discovery of penicillin（青霉素）by Alexander Fleming in 1928. Fleming noticed that a mould（霉菌）had accidentally grown on a bacterial culture and killed the germs（细菌）around it. This observation led to the development of the world’s first antibiotic（抗生素）. Over the past century, penicillin (56) (save) millions of lives. However, Fleming did not achieve this alone. Other scientists worked hard to purify and massproduce the drug. If you have a creative thought, (57) (sharing) it with others. Collaboration often turns a small idea into a breakthrough. Fleming was modest（谦虚的）about his discovery. He once said, “I did not invent penicillin. Nature made it, and I just found it.” Do not keep your ideas to (58) (you). Discuss them with people who have different expertise. Their questions may lead to unexpected (59) (improve) to your original concept. Today, antibiotics are widely used in hospitals. However, bacteria are becoming resistant, so new solutions are needed. Young scientists (60) (encourage) to explore this field and find the next great idea that will save lives. 第三节 书面表达（共 1 题，满分 20 分） 假定你是李华，你校学生会正在征集“金点子”创意方案，鼓励同学们提出改善校园生活的创新想法。请你根据以下提示，写一篇英文短文投稿，介绍你的一个创意。 要点： 1. 你观察到的校园问题是什么？ 2. 你的创意解决方案是什么？ 3. 这个方案将如何改善同学们的校园生活？ 要求： 1. 短文词数在80词以上。 2. 行文条理清晰，语句通顺连贯，语法规范无误。 3. 书写工整，卷面整洁，文中不得出现真实的人名、班级及学校名称。 参考答案 一、语言知识及运用 第一节 语法选择 1. A 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. B 6. A 7. D 8. C 9. D 10. A 1. 解析：句子陈述城市公园的客观功能，主语为复数 they，谓语动词用原形 provide。 2. 解析：people 与 attract 是被动关系（人们被美景吸引），且描述当前的普遍情况，用一般现在时的被动 are attracted。 3. 解析：不定式 to spend 作目的状语，表示 “带上野餐来度过一个愉快的下午”。 4. 解析：前后句为让步关系：“尽管天气难以预测，但去公园仍然很值得”，although 引导让步状语从句。 5. 解析：固定搭配 play with sb. 意为 “和某人一起玩耍”。 6. 解析：先行词 those 指代人，且在从句中作主语，用关系代词 who 引导。 7. 解析：固定句型 It is widely recognised that...，it 是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的 that 从句。 8. 解析：此处表达建议：“城市规划者应该在新开发项目中纳入更多公园”，should 表示 “应该”，符合语境。 9. 解析：than 是比较级的标志词，be 动词后接形容词，happy 的比较级为 happier。 10. 解析：what 在从句中作定语修饰 different activities，意为 “人们进行着哪些不同的活动”。 第二节 完形填空 11. D 12. C 13. D 14. A 15. B 16. B 17. D 18. C 19. C 20. A 11. 解析：根据前文 “我一直喜欢唱歌，但……” 以及后文的 nervous，可知在大量观众面前表演会感到紧张，nervous 符合语境。 12. 解析：固定搭配 enter a competition 意为 “参加比赛”，符合 “三个月后参加一场比赛” 的语境。hold 举办；attend 出席（会议 / 活动）；organise 组织，均不符合。 13. 解析：固定表达 hit the high notes 意为 “唱出高音”，是歌唱领域的常用搭配。 14. 解析：声音破音会让人感到尴尬，embarrassed 符合情境。proud 骄傲的；relaxed 放松的；confident 自信的，均与语境相反。 15. 解析：合唱的和声需要所有成员之间良好的团队协作，teamwork 契合 “成员配合” 的含义。 16. 解析：根据后文老师建议录音纠错，说明此时演唱效果仍不理想，terrible（糟糕的）符合逻辑。 17. 解析：录音的目的是识别出错误再纠正，identify 意为 “识别、找出”，符合语境。 18. 解析：经过刻苦练习，比赛当天队员们应该是自信地走上舞台，confidence 符合文意。 19. 解析：全文讲述了反复练习、坚持努力最终取得成绩的过程，因此 “坚持是成功的关键”，persistence（坚持）符合主旨。 20. 解析：than 是比较级标志，more rewarding 意为 “更有收获、更有回报”，符合作者的感悟：团队合作比独自努力更有价值。 二、阅读 第一节 阅读理解 21. B 22. B 23. A  21. 解析：根据第一段 “He found a way to convert nitrogen from the air into ammonia, a chemical compound that could be used as fertiliser” 可知，他的核心贡献是找到了用空气中的氮气合成氨的方法。 22. 解析：根据第二段 “As a result, crop yields increased dramatically ... feed its rapidly expanding population” 可知，这项发明大幅提升了粮食产量，得以养活更多人口。 23. 解析：根据第三段 “His work on fertilisers saved billions of lives, but his involvement in warfare also brought pain” 可知，他的发明既有造福人类的一面，也有带来伤害的一面，具有双重影响。 24. D 25. C 26. D 27. B  24. 解析：根据第一段 “Bell filed his patent application just hours before Gray filed his. This narrow time difference made Bell the official inventor” 可知，贝尔因为更早提交专利申请而成为官方认定的发明者。 25. 解析：根据第二段 “Bell’s deep understanding of sound came from his family background, as his father and grandfather were both speech teachers who worked with the deaf” 可知，家庭中与聋人相关的工作背景让他获得了独特的声学知识。 26. 解析：根据第三段 “After the patent was granted, Bell faced numerous legal battles ... Bell spent years defending his patent in court” 可知，他需要在法庭上为自己的专利辩护，证明其有效性。 27. 解析：全文围绕电话的发明背景、研发过程、专利之争与早期推广展开，主旨是电话的发明与早期发展。A、C 都只是文章的部分内容，不能概括全文。 28. B 29. A 30. A 31. D  28. 解析：根据第二段 “Kenji fears that his craft will disappear with him. He has tried to teach younger generations, but most young people prefer modern footwear” 可知，他最担忧的是年轻人没兴趣学习这门手艺，技艺会失传。 29. 解析：根据第三段 “Surprisingly, Kenji’s website has attracted attention from overseas. A few designers from Europe have contacted him” 可知，网站吸引了对他的技艺感兴趣的外国设计师。 30. 解析：根据第三段设计师的话 “Kenji’s methods are not just about making shoes. They represent a philosophy of simplicity and respect for materials” 可知，设计师认为他的作品体现了关于材料与简约的深层理念。 31. 解析：文章讲述了传统木屐匠人通过互联网让传统技艺重获新生的故事，传达了 “现代科技可以帮助保护古老技艺” 的主旨。 32. B 33. A 34. C 35. C 32. 解析：根据第一段 “Snow, however, suspected that contaminated water was the real source” 可知，他认为霍乱是由被污染的饮用水引起的。 33. 解析：根据第二段 “When he asked the local authorities to remove the pump’s handle, the number of new cases dropped dramatically. This evidence convinced many ...” 可知，他通过移除水泵把手后病例大幅下降来验证自己的理论。 34. 解析：根据第三段 “His method of using geographic maps and statistical analysis is still used by public health officials today” 可知，他将地图绘制与统计分析引入疾病研究的方法沿用至今，是持久贡献。 35. 解析：根据最后一段 “Despite his success, Snow faced strong opposition... It took years for his ideas to gain widespread acceptance” 可知，他的理论在很长时间内遭到很多人的反对与质疑。 第二节 阅读填空 36. C 37. B 38. A 39. D 40. E 36. 解析：前文提到学生们发现老人孤独的问题，后文说他们决定采取行动，中间衔接 “他们讨论了这个问题，一致认为需要做出改变”，逻辑通顺。 37. 解析：前文介绍 “笔友” 项目配对，后文描述信的内容，此处应填入 “学生们每周给他们的老年伙伴写一封信”，衔接上下文。 38. 解析：前文提到每月上门拜访，后文具体描述拜访中的活动，“拜访时，老人们分享智慧、给出宝贵建议” 承接自然，与后文的 life stories 呼应。 39. 解析：前文说越来越多学生想要加入，后文说他们分组分配任务，此处填入 “学生们精心组织起来，管理越来越多的参与者”，承上启下。 40. 解析：前文说他们采访了双方，后文具体描述项目带来的积极效果，此处填入 “结果表明这个项目非常成功”，引出后文的具体成果。 三、项目情境（读写综合） 第一节 项目情境 41. C 42. F 43. A 44. D 45. E 41. 解析：陈方对太阳能发电感兴趣，想制作能为日常物品供电的可再生能源装置，对应 C 项 “利用太阳能为小型电子设备供电的动手工作坊”。 42. 解析：李明觉得菜园浇水浪费水，想找高效节水的灌溉方式，对应 F 项 “雨水收集灌溉系统，减少水资源浪费”。 43. 解析：赵伟关注社区生活垃圾，想建立闲置物品共享交换网络，对应 A 项 “邻里闲置物品交换的数字平台”。 44. 解析：王琳想用废弃塑料制作坚固有用的物品，对应 D 项 “将废塑料瓶、塑料袋转化为耐用建筑材料的工作坊”。 45. 解析：刘洋想找能纠正发音、提供即时反馈的英语口语学习工具，对应 E 项 “AI 发音纠正应用，提供即时反馈”。 第二节 读写综合 46. He noticed that many rural families lacked access to clean drinking water and had to rely on river water that was often polluted. 47. He chose them because these materials are locally available, cheap, and effective at trapping particles and removing bacteria from water. 48. He installed the system in ten households, collected water samples after three weeks, and had them tested to confirm that the filtered water met national safety standards. 49. He trained villagers to build and maintain the devices themselves and published a simple instruction manual in the local dialect. 50. The key is to pay attention to the needs around us and start with a single step. 四、写作 第一节 语篇填词 51. satisfied 52. ignorance 53. reject 54. displace 55. application 51. 解析：be satisfied with 为固定搭配，意为 “对……感到满意”。 52. 解析：lead to 后接名词，ignorance 意为 “无知、忽视”，指舒适区会让人们忽视新的可能性。 53. 解析：tend to 后接动词原形，reject 意为 “拒绝”，指人们往往不愿尝试新想法。 54. 解析：空格在 might 之后，需填动词原形，且后接宾语 their familiar tools or methods。人们恐惧的是新想法会“取代”他们熟悉的工具或方法。后文印刷机最终 replaced traditional hand-copying，displace 与 replace 在此语境中互为同义，语义吻合。 55. 解析：wide 后接名词，application 意为 “应用”，指新想法在各领域的广泛应用。 第二节 语法填空 56. has saved 57. share 58. yourself 59. improvements 60. are encouraged 56. 解析：“Over the past century” 是现在完成时的标志，主语 penicillin 为单数，故填 has saved。 57. 解析：主句为祈使句，用动词原形开头，故填 share。 58. 解析：固定搭配 keep sth. to oneself 意为 “保守秘密、不与人分享”，此处对应主语 you，填 yourself。 59. 解析：unexpected 后接名词，且表示泛指的多处改进，用复数形式 improvements。 60. 解析：主语 young scientists 与 encourage 是被动关系，描述一般情况，用一般现在时的被动 are encouraged。 第三节 书面表达 My Creative Idea for Our School Every day after school, I notice that the library is always crowded, but many desks are “occupied” by books left by students who have gone elsewhere. These seats are occupied by personal items but left unused, wasting valuable study space, and students who truly need a place to study often leave disappointed. My idea is to introduce a “seat timer” system. Each desk would have a simple card for students to note down their arrival time. If a seat is empty for more than 20 minutes, the next student can take it by crossing out the previous time. We could also create a small notice board near the entrance explaining the rule. This system would make better use of our library space. More students would find a place to study, and everyone would learn to be more considerate of others. It is a small change, but it could greatly improve our school environment. 1 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $