Unit 4 Exploring poetry（知识清单）英语译林版选择性必修第一册

该高中英语知识清单围绕“Exploring poetry”单元，系统涵盖词汇（阅读、写作、变形、拓展及熟词生义）、非谓语动词语法、诗歌主题写作及核心短语等内容，搭建从基础词汇积累到语法应用再到写作实践的递进式学习支架。 清单通过分类梳理（如词汇分阅读/写作/变形）、语境关联（熟词生义配例句）及分级讲解（非谓语动词分作主语/宾语等）呈现知识体系，突出“易错点提示”（如过去分词作状语逻辑主语一致）和“写作框架”（建议信结构模板）等实用设计，培养学生语言能力与思维品质，既方便学生自主复习，也为教师教学设计提供精准支持。

Unit 4 Exploring poetry 词汇 一、阅读词汇： 1. barren adj. 贫瘠的，不毛的；不结果实的 2. frozen adj. 结冰的，冰封的；冷冻的；冻僵的 3. imply vt. 含有…的意思，暗示，暗指 4. dimension n. 方面，侧面；规模，程度；维 5. detect vt. 发现，查明，侦察出 6. complex adj. 复杂的，难懂的n. 建筑群；复合体；情结 7. clue n. 线索，提示；迹象 8. remote adj. 偏远的，偏僻的；遥远的，久远的；远亲的 9. constantly adv. 始终，一直 10. rigid adj. 死板的，僵硬的；固执的，僵化的 11. industrialization n. 工业化 12. dweller n. 居民，居住者 13. ourish vt. 培养，助长；抚养，滋养 14. numerous adj. 众多的，许多的 15. glorious adj. 荣耀的，光荣的；壮丽的，辉煌的 16. boom n.（贸易和经济活动的）激增，繁荣vi. 迅速发展，激增，繁荣昌盛 17. unconstrained adj. 不受约束的，自由的 18. vitality n. 生命力，活力，热情 19. debt n. 人情债，情义，恩情；借款，欠款，债务 20. fascinate vt. & vi. 深深吸引，迷住 21. entitle vt. (usually passive) 给…命名；使享有权利，使符合资格 22. unforgiving adj. 棘手的；不饶人的，不宽容的 二、写作词汇： 1. grasp n. 理解，领会；抓紧，握紧，控制；能力所及vt. 抓紧；领会，理解 2. contradictory adj. 相互矛盾的，对立的 3. interpret vt. 解释，阐释；把…理解为，领会；演绎vi. 口译 4. patience n. 耐心，忍耐力 5. aside adv. 到旁边，在旁边；留，存；除…以外 6. reward vt. 奖励，奖赏n. 奖励，回报；悬赏金 7. logical adj. 符合逻辑的；必然的，合乎情理的 8. inner adj. 内心的，隐藏的；里面的，内部的 9. perceive vt. 注意到，意识到；将…理解为，将…视为 10. reality n. 现实，实际情况；事实，实际经历 11. ideal n. 理想；典范adj. 完美的，理想的 12. undergo vt. (underwent,undergone) 经历，经受 13. advocate vt. 拥护，支持，提倡/ˈædvəkət/ n. 拥护者，支持者；辩护律师 14. belief n. 看法，信念；信仰；相信，信心 15. bend vi. & vt. (bent, bent)（使）拐弯，弯曲n. 拐弯，弯道 16. claim n. 声明，宣称；所有权；索赔vt. 宣称，声称；要求；索取；获得 17. dare vi. & vt. 敢于，胆敢；激（某人做某事） 18. striking adj. 引人注目的，显著的；妩媚动人的，标致的 19. characterize (also characterise) vt. 是…的特征，以…为典型；使…具有特点；描述，刻画 20. encounter vt. 偶然碰到，意外地遇见；遭遇，碰到n. 相遇，遭遇，冲突 21. stability n. 稳定（性），稳固（性） 22. tolerant adj. 宽容的，容忍的；能耐…的 23. distinguish vt. & vi.成为…的特征，使有别于；区分，辨别；认出；使出众 24. representative adj. 典型的，有代表性的n. 典型人物，代表性人物；代表 25. cast vt. (cast, cast) 投射；向…投以（视线、笑容等）；投，抛；选派n. 全体演员；投，抛 26. owe vt. 欠（情）；欠（债） 27. blame vt. 把…归咎于，责怪，指责n. 责任，责备，指责 28. allowance n. 津贴，补助；限额；零花钱 三、词汇变形： 1. frozen adj. 结冰的；冷冻的；冻僵的→freeze v. 结冰 (frozefrozen)→freezing adj. 极冷的   2. imply vt. 含有… 的意思；暗示→implication n. 暗指；可能的影响（或作用、结果） 3. dimension n. 方面，侧面；规模，程度→dimensional adj.…… 维的   4. detect vt. 发现，查明，侦查出→detection n. 侦查，探测，察觉→detective n. 侦探→detector n. 探测器 5. contradictory adj. 相互矛盾的，对立的→contradict vt. 与… 矛盾→contradiction n. 矛盾 6.interpret vt. 解释，阐释；把… 理解为→interpreter n. 口译人员→interpretation n. 解释 6. patience n. 耐心，忍耐力→patient adj. 耐心的→impatient adj.(反义) 不耐心的，不耐烦的→impatience n. 不耐心，不耐烦 7. reward vt.&n. 奖励，奖赏→rewarding adj. 值得做的；有益的；报酬高的 8. constantly adv. 始终，一直→constant adj. 连续发生的；不断的；重复的；不变的；固定的；恒定的 9. logical adj. 符合逻辑的→logically adv. 合乎逻辑地→logic n. 思维方式；解释方法；逻辑；(做某事的) 道理，合乎情理的原因；逻辑学 10. novelist n. 小说家→novel n. 小说 adj. 新颖的 11. industrialization n. 工业化→industrialize vt. 使… 工业化→industry n. 工业 12. advocate vt. 拥护，支持，提倡→advocation n. 拥护，支持，提倡 13. legend n. 传说，传奇故事→legendary adj. 非常著名的；传奇的；传说的 14. glorious adj. 荣耀的，光荣的；壮丽的，辉煌的→glory n. 荣誉；光荣 15. stability n. 稳定 (性)，稳固 (性)→stable adj. 稳定的→unstable adj.(反义) 不稳定的 16. tolerant adj. 宽容的，容忍的→tolerate vt. 容许，允许→tolerance/toleration n. 忍受；容忍；宽容；容许 17. vitality n. 生命力，活力，热情→vital adj. 必不可少的，对… 极重要的；维持生命所必需的；热情洋溢的→vitally adv. 极其；生死攸关地 18. distinguish vt.&vi. 成为… 的特征，使有别于；区分，辨别→distinguished adj. 卓越的；杰出的；著名的；显得重要的；高贵的；有尊严的 19. exaggeration n. 夸张，夸大→exaggerate v. 夸张；夸大；言过其实 20. representative adj. 典型的，有代表性的 n. 典型人物→represent vt. 代表；作为… 的象征；意味着→representation n. 表现；描述；描绘 21. fascinate vt.&vi. 深深吸引，迷住→fascination n. 魅力；极大的吸引力；入迷；着迷→fascinated adj. 入迷的；极感兴趣的→fascinating adj. 极有吸引力的；迷人的 22. allowance n. 津贴，补助→allow vt. 允许 23. unforgiving adj. 棘手的，不饶人的，不宽容的→forgiving adj.(反义) 宽宏大量的；宽容的→forgive vt. 原谅→forgiveness n. 原谅；宽恕；宽宏大量 四、拓展词汇 1. 诗歌形式要素 stanza n. 诗节 rhymescheme n. 押韵格式 rhythm n. 节律 verse n. 诗行；诗篇 meter n. 格律，音步 syllable n. 音节 refrain n. 叠句，副歌 imagery n. 意象 metaphor n. 隐喻 simile n. 明喻 2. 创作与文字表达 compose vt. 创作（诗歌） polish vt. 润色，打磨文字 draft v. 草拟，起草 depict vt. 描绘，刻画 portray vt. 描写，表现 weave vt. 编织（文字、情节） phrase vt. 措辞，表达 rewrite v. 修改，改写 originate vi. 源自，起源于 adapt vt. 改编 3. 情感与意境氛围 melancholy n.&adj. 忧郁，哀愁 nostalgia n. 怀旧，乡愁 passion n. 激情，热忱 sorrow n. 悲伤，哀伤 ecstasy n. 狂喜 longing n. 向往，思念 serene adj. 宁静的 gloomy adj. 忧伤阴郁的 delicate adj. 细腻的 solemn adj. 庄重肃穆的 4. 文学赏析与流传 interpret vt. 解读，阐释 appreciate vt. 鉴赏，品读 literary adj. 文学的 classic n. 经典作品 heritage n. 文学遗产 masterpiece n. 传世佳作 resonate vi. 产生共鸣 convey vt. 传递（思想情感） preserve vt. 保存，留存 circulate vi. 流传，传播 五、熟词生义 Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍 1．In striking① contrast to their brothers，the twin sisters had striking② good looks. ①adj.显著的　②adj.标致的 2．The artist bent① the wire into the shape of a heart，and then bent② down to place it at the bend③ in the road. ①vt.使弯曲　②vi.弯腰　③n.拐弯 3．The man who claimed① first prize in yesterday’s competition was claimed② in the car accident and his wife claimed③ on the insurance，and the insurance company claimed④ to deal with the matter as soon as possible. ①v.获得，赢得　②v.夺去(生命)　③v.索要 ④v.声称，宣称 4．In repaying his debt① of gratitude，John offered a helping hand，clearing the financial debt② his friend owed. ①n.人情债，恩情，情义　②n.债务 5．Having fully grasped① the skills and precautions of mountain climbing，he grasped② the rope firmly and began his climbing.His quick grasp③ of knowledge allowed him to grasp④ the opportunity to reach the summit first. ①v.理解，领会　②v.抓紧　③n.理解，领会 ④v.毫不犹豫地抓住(机会) 六、核心短语 单词表短语 1. dig up 发现，搜集，查明 2. set sth aside 把…放一边；留出 3. break with sth 与某事终止关联，破除 4. make allowance for 体谅；考虑到，估计到 单词的高频常用短语 1. beyond the words 在字面之外 2. hidden dimension 隐藏的深层意蕴 3. beyond your grasp 难以理解、超出理解范围 4. read it aloud 大声朗读 5. put together 拼接、组合 6. set sth aside 把…… 搁置一旁 7. reach your goal 达成目标 8. at first 起初 9. be rewarded 得到回报 10. abandon logical thinking 抛开逻辑思维 11. inner beauty 内在美感 12. as long as 只要 13. put emphasis on 强调；重视 14. striking imagination 超凡的想象力 15. contribute to 促成、造就 16. acquire the wisdom of previous generations 汲取前人智慧 17. nourish one’s love of nature 滋养对自然的热爱 18. breathe vitality into 为…… 赋予生机 19. distinguish sb from 使某人区别于…… 20. be representative of 是…… 的典型代表 21. be widely recognized as 被公认为 写作 句型 1. As long as the journey of poetry reading makes you feel something or lets you perceive as/so long as“只要”，引导条件状语从句 another level of meaning, it will have been worth your effort. 主句 译文：只要读诗之旅能让你有所感悟，或者让你发现另一层含义，你的努力就是值得的。 2. Second，approach the poem as if you were an explorer in an unfamiliar landscape. as if 从句中的虚拟语气 译文：第二，走进诗歌，就像你是一个置身于陌生风景中的探索者。 3. Equally impressive is Li Bai’s free expression of strong feelings，which breathes vitality 全部倒装 定语从句 into lifeless objects he describes，and which distinguishes him from other landscape poets. 译文：同样令人印象深刻的是李白强烈情感的自由抒发，这为他笔下的无生命物体注入了生机，也让他有别于其他山水诗人。 4.With his extraordinary imagination，free expression of strong feelings and mastery of language， with介词短语作原因状语 Li Bai is widely recognized as the greatest romantic poet after Qu Yuan. 主句 译文：超尘脱俗的想象、强烈情感的自由抒发和对语言的精通，使李白被公认为继屈原之后的最伟大的浪漫主义诗人。 语法 非谓语动词作综述 写作 一份关于中国古代诗歌知识竞赛建议信 一、知识点精讲 1．reward/rɪˈwɔːd/ vt.奖励，奖赏 n．奖励，回报；悬赏金 【词汇拓展】rewarding adj.值得做的；有益的 【核心固定搭配】 ① reward sb with...用……奖赏某人 ② as a reward for...作为对……的奖励/回报 ③ in reward for为报答……；作为……的奖赏 【经典例句】 (1)Rewarded with her favorite snack from Katherine，Maya was overwhelmed with an immense sense of delight. (2)Not only did the activity make us gain deeper insights into traditional Chinese culture，but it also raised our awareness of protecting cultural heritage.What a rewarding (reward) day! (3)我转身向出租车司机挥手告别，心里想，我会给他买一份礼物，以回报他对我的慷慨帮助。(2024·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写) I turned around and waved goodbye to the taxi driver，thinking in my mind that I would buy him a gift in reward for/as a reward for his generous help to me. 2．advocate/ˈædvəkeɪt/ vt.拥护，支持，提倡 n．拥护者，支持者；辩护律师 【核心固定搭配】 ① advocate sth提倡/拥护/支持某事 ② advocate sb doing sth提倡某人做某事 ③ It is advocated that...主张/提倡……[从句谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”] 【经典例句】 (1)Scientists advocated raising(raise) public awareness of preserving the precious heritage. (2)I advocate everyone making(make) it their duty to make a contribution to protecting the environment. (3)提倡人人过低碳生活来保护我们的环境。(话题写作之环境与自然) It is advocated that all people live a low-carbon life to protect our environment. 3．claim/kleɪm/ vt.声称，宣称；要求；索取；获得；夺去(生命) n．声称，宣称；所有权；索赔 【核心固定搭配】 ① claim that/to do...声称…… ② claim to have done sth声称做过某事 ③ claim for/make a claim for sth就……提出要求；提出赔偿……的要求 ④ It is claimed that...据称……；据说…… 【经典例句】 (1)The government claimed to provide(provide) allowance for people who made great contributions to our country. (2)He claimed that he had found a mysterious star through a telescope. →He claimed to have found a mysterious star through a telescope. (3)据说海洋正在遭受严重的污染。到了我们致力于保护它的时候了。(2022·全国甲，书面表达) It is claimed that the ocean is suffering serious pollution.It’s high time that we should devote ourselves to protecting it. 4．tolerant /ˈtɒlərənt/adj.宽容的，容忍的；能耐……的 【词汇拓展】tolerate vt.容忍；允许；忍受 tolerance n．容忍；忍耐力 【核心固定搭配】 ① be tolerant of/towards对……容忍/宽容 ② tolerate (sb/sb’s) doing...容忍(某人)做…… “容忍；忍受”的其他表达还有：stand，bear，endure，put up with 【经典例句】 (1)To be honest，my tolerance is not limitless，so I will not be always tolerant of your constantly being late.(tolerate) (2)由于我们无法容忍人们乱扔垃圾，我们将发起一场活动呼吁人们保护环境。(应用文写作之倡议书) As we can not tolerate people throwing garbage around，a campaign is to be launched to appeal to people to protect the surroundings. 5．distinguish/dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ/ vt.& vi.区分，辨别；成为……的特征，使有别于；使出众；认出 【词汇拓展】distinguished adj.卓越的；著名的；杰出的；高贵的；受尊重的 【核心固定搭配】 ① distinguish between A and B　区分A和B ② distinguish...from...使……有别于……；把……与……区分开来 ③ be distinguished for...因……而出名 ④ be distinguished as...作为……而出名 【经典例句】 (1)They can even distinguish their mother’s voice from that of a female stranger. (2)The woman distinguished as a writer for her latest science fiction agreed that reading good books can teach us to distinguish between right and wrong. (3)杭州以其迷人的风景而闻名，每年都吸引大量的游客。(应用文写作之推荐信) ①Hangzhou is distinguished for its fascinating scenery，attracting large numbers of tourists every year. ②Distinguished for its fascinating scenery，Hangzhou attracts large numbers of tourists every year.(形容词短语作状语) 6．owe /əʊ/vt.欠(情)，欠(债)；归功于；归因于 【核心固定搭配】 ① owe sb sth ＝owe sth to sb 欠某人某物；把某事归功于某人 ② owe it to sb that...把……归功于某人 ③ owe it to sb to do sth该为了某人而做某事 ④ owing to由于 【经典例句】 (1)本周日我不能和你去郊游，我得向你道歉。 I owe an apology to you/owe you an apology for failing to go outing with you this Sunday. (2)我把我在英语学习上的巨大进步归功于您，任何语言都不足以表达我衷心的感谢。(应用文写作之感谢信) I owe my great progress in English learning to you/I owe it to you that I have made great progress in English learning，and no words are strong enough to express my heartfelt gratitude. 7．blame/bleɪm/ n．责任，责备，指责 vt.责怪，指责，把……归咎于 【核心固定搭配】 ① put/lay the blame for sth on sb把某事推到某人身上/归咎于某人 ②blame sb for...因……而指责某人；把……归咎于某人 ③blame sth on sb把某事归咎于某人 ④be to blame (for sth)(对某事)负有责任；(因某事)该受责备(主动形式表被动意义) 【经典例句】 (1)不要总把自己的失败归咎于他人。你应该为失败承担责任。(读后续写之升华句) Don’t always put/lay the blame for your own failure on/blame your own failure on others.You should take/bear the blame for failure. (2)当和他人相处时，我们不应该总是把错误归咎于他人。毕竟，很多时候我们也负有责任。因此，我们应该多交流、换位思考，而不是指责他人。(话题写作之人际交往) When getting along with others，we shouldn’t always blame others for mistakes/blame mistakes on others/put/lay the blame for mistakes on others.After all，many times we are also to blame.So instead of blaming others，we should communicate more and put ourselves in others’ place. 二、核心语法精讲 非谓语动词作主语 A. 不定式作主语：指具体的一次性的动作（通常会用it作形式主语） →表将来含义 结构一：It is/was + adj. + (for/of sb) + to do sth. 结构二：It is/was + a/an + n. + to do sth. 结构三：It takes/took + (sb) + time/courage/patience, ... + to do sth. It requires/required courage/patience/hard work, ... + to do sth. B. 动名词做主语：指一般的或抽象的多次性的动作，时间概念不强 (1)常用句型： 结构一：It is + adj.(eg. good, funny, nice, worthwhile, interesting, etc) + doing sth. 结构二：It is no/any/some good/use (in) doing sth. 结构三：There is no point/use/good (in) doing sth. 结构四：There is no doing sth. “禁止做……” (2)动名词的复合结构（注意时态和语态）： 形容词性物主代词 + 动名词 名词所有格 + 动名词 如：Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. Mike’s returning to work is a great help to us. 注意 Doing + 谓语动词 + 其他. It + 谓语动词 + ... + to do sth. （80%） 非谓语动词作宾语 A. 不定式作宾语 1. 作及物动词的宾语（从一而终：动词形式后加to do作宾语，其名词形式后也是加to do） (1)决心学会想希望，拒绝没法愿假装；主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。 decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish refuse, manage, desire, pretend offer, promise, choose, plan agree, ask/beg, help 如：He hopes to go to university next year. 他盼望来年上大学。 She finally decided to give up the job. 她最后决定放弃那项工作。 (2)it作形式宾语，构成“及物动词 + it + adj./n. + (for sb) + to do sth”结构，这类及物动词常见的有：think, find, believe, feel, make, consider。如： Her foreign identity makes it hard (for her) to find a job here. 2. 作介词的宾语：不定式通常不作介词的宾语，但可在except和but后作宾语（前有“do”，后无“to”）；若在 除二者之外的介词后作宾语，通常会加上特殊疑问词（宾语从句的省略）。如： They’re talking about how to get there. We have no choice but to wait. We have nothing to do but wait. B. 动名词作宾语 1. 作及物动词的宾语 考虑建议盼原谅（consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon） 承认推迟没得想（admit, delay/put off, fancy） 避免错过继续练（avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practise） 否认完成就欣赏（deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate） 禁止想象才冒险（forbid, imagine, risk） 不禁介意准逃亡（can’t help, mind, allow/permit, escape） 难以忍受始反对（can’t stand, set about, object to） 想要成功坚持忙（feel like, succeed in, stick to/insist on, be busy） 习惯放弃有困难（be used/accustomed to, give up, have difficulty/trouble/problems <in>） 导致专心防道款（lead to, devote to, prevent/stop/keep sb/sth from, apologize for） be surprised at 对……感到惊讶 be proud of 以……为骄傲 be afraid of 害怕…… 注意 ①allow, permit, forbid, advise等及物动词后直接加动名词（doing）作宾语；如果这些词后有名词或代词，则用to do作宾语。如：allow doing sth.或allow sb to do sth.； ②大部分能加名词作宾语的及物动词，也能加动名词（doing）作宾语（但expect, want等除外）； ③主动表被动：need/want/require doing = need/want/require to be done。 2. 作介词的宾语：vi./adj. + 介词短语 + doing。其中，需特别注意介词to！ 补充 含有介词to的固定搭配 admit to, be equal to, devote ... to, get down to, look forward to, object to, stick to, take to（开始沉湎于……；养成……的习惯）, see to, attend to, lead to, pay attention to, be/get used/accustomed to等。 3、动名词的复合结构作宾语（注意时态和语态）： 人称代词（宾格）+ 动名词 形容词性物主代词 + 动名词 名词所有格 + 动名词 名词通格+ 动名词 如：①It the babysitter can’t come tomorrow, do you mind Fred’s/his/him being left alone at home, sleeping? ②I knew nothing about the window being open. 非谓语动词作表语 A. 不定式或动名词 →对称结构 注意 对于不定式，如果主语部分有实义动词“do”，则作表语的不定式通常省“to”。如： The only thing you can do is wait and see. （前有“do”，后无“to”） B. 分词：exciting和excited 非谓语动词作定语 注意 完成式<to have done, to have been done, having done, having been done>不作定语！！ A. 作前置定语（单个单词 →所以没有to do） →doing, done a. 动名词（doing表功能，强调名词词性；没有being done） b. 现在分词（doing表进行，强调动作；没有being done） c. 过去分词（done表完成，强调动作） 注意 有些单个的过去分词在作定语时习惯后置，如：given, left, concerned有关的等。 B. 作后置定语 →to do, to be done; doing, being done; done a. 不定式（表将来） b. 现在分词短语（doing表主动/进行；being done表被动且进行，“正在被……”） c. 过去分词短语（done表被动且完成，“已经被……”） There are many difficulties to handle. →可在不定式前加“for me”，说明困难是由“我”解决。 There are many difficulties to be handled. →表示困难不是由“我”解决。 中心词为不定代词，或被the only/last/next/ ..., the first等序数词或最高级修饰时。如： I have no pencil to write with. He is the first one to get to school. 注意 ①非谓语动词为不及物动词，则只有现在分词的主动形式（过去分词表示动作已完成）； ②非谓语动词为及物动词，则有2种情况： a. 有名词或代词作宾语，用现在分词的主动形式。如： They live in a room facing the south. b. 若无宾语，则用被动语态。根据时态的不同，有3种情况： The meeting to be held is very important. “将被举办的” The meeting being held is very important. “正在被举办的” The meeting held was very important. “已被举办的” 三、单元写作清单 1.作文题目 假定你是李华，你的交换生朋友Daniel想参加学校组织的中国古代诗歌知识竞赛，并请求你的帮助。请你给她回一封邮件，内容包括： 1. 表示愿意； 2. 你的建议； 3. 表达祝愿。 【注意】1. 词数100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； Dear Daniel, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 2.写作框架 总框架 分要点 细分细节 Help Daniel prepare for the Chinese ancient poetry contest帮助 Daniel 准备中国古代诗歌知识竞赛 1. Show your willingness to help表明愿意提供帮助 I am more than willing to provide you with assistance for the upcoming contest organized by our school. It’s great to see your interest in Chinese culture!我十分愿意为你提供帮助，很高兴看到你对中国文化的兴趣 2. Offer practical suggestions给出备考建议 ①Learn about famous ancient poets and their life backgrounds via online resources借助网络了解著名古代诗人以及他们的时代、人生经历②Study different poetic forms and poem structures学习不同诗歌体裁，了解诗歌结构③Memorize and recite classic poems to improve language sense and pronunciation背诵经典诗歌，体会语言美、改善发音 3. Express your best wishes表达祝愿 Remember, practice makes perfect! Wish you all the best in the contest!记住熟能生巧！祝你竞赛一切顺利！ 3.写作素材 （1）文学类名词 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. 文学 literature 2. 小说 novel 3. 小说 / 虚构的事 fiction 4. 诗歌 poetry （poem 诗 /poet 诗人） 5. 杂志 magazine 6. 散文，随笔，文章 essay 7. 传说；传奇故事 legend 8. 传记 biography （autobiography 自传） 9. 童话故事 fairy tale 10. 戏剧 drama 11. 歌剧 opera 12. 喜剧 comedy 13. 悲剧 tragedy 14. 神话 myth 15. 趣闻，轶事 anecdote 16. 原作 original 17. 期刊 journal 18. 版本 edition 19. 章，回，篇 chapter 20. 卷，册 volume 21. 草稿 draft 22. 情节 plot 23. 出版；发行 publish 24. 作家 author 25. 小说家 novelist 26. 剧作家 playwright 27. 人物 character 28. 智慧 / 文明 wisdom /civilization （2）文化文学主题短语 1. 文化冲击 culture shock 2. 书评 a book review 3. 以…… 为背景 be set in 4. 生动描述 give a vivid description of 5. 古典文学 / 经典作品 Classical literature/classic works (classics) 6. 按照中国传统风格 in the traditional Chinese style 7. 获得诺贝尔文学奖 win the Nobel Prize in Literature 8. 传播中华传统文化 spread Chinese traditional culture 9. 激发某人对…… 的热情 — arouse one’s enthusiasm for sth. 10. 根据…… 改编…… adapt … from … 11. 把…… 翻译成…… translate A into B 12. 对…… 有更好的理解 have a better understanding of… 13. 对…… 作简单介绍 make a brief introduction to… 14. 拥有知识 take possession of knowledge 4. 范文背诵 Dear Daniel, How is everything going with you? I am more than willing to provide you with assistance for the upcoming contest (that is) organized by our school. It’s great to see your interest in Chinese culture! To prepare for the contest, here are a few suggestions. Firstly, you can start by familiarizing yourself with some famous ancient Chinese poets like Li Bai, Du Fu, and Wang Wei. To enhance your understanding of their styles and themes, you can use online resources to learn about the dynasties when they lived（定语从句，when 引导，修饰先行词 dynasties） and their life experiences. Secondly, it is necessary to study different poetic forms given that knowing how the poems are structured will make them easier to remember（原因状语从句，given that 引导）. What’s more, memorize a few popular poems and practice reciting them, which will help you appreciate the beauty of the language and improve your pronunciation（非限制性定语从句，which 引导，指代前面整件事）. Remember, practice makes perfect! Wish you all the best in the contest! Yours, Li Hua 易错点01 主语+be+adj. +to do 主语 + be + 描述事物属性的形容词 + to do 不定式主动表被动，只用 to do，不能用 to be done。 1. 介词不可省略。不定式是不及物动词时，后面要补上相应介词，和主语构成搭配。 The man is hard to deal with. The room is comfortable to live in. 2. 句式互换（句型转换必考） It is + adj. + to do sth. = Sth. + be + adj. + to do 例：It is easy to learn English. = English is easy to learn. 【对点训练】 As far as I’m concerned, the problem is easy ________ (solve). The old flat is uncomfortable ________ (live) in, so they plan to move. The tricky guy is hard ________ (deal) with for most new managers. 【答案】1.to solve 2.to live 3.to deal 易错点02 过去分词作状语 过去分词作状语，逻辑主语必须和句子主句主语保持一致。 含义：过去分词表被动、完成，可表时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随。 核心判定 主句主语与分词动作之间是被动关系，用过去分词 (done)；  若是主动关系，用现在分词 (doing)。 常见逻辑     ①表原因：Encouraged by the teacher, he made greater progress. 受到老师鼓励，他进步更大。 ②表条件：Given more time, we could finish the task better. 如果再多给点时间，我们能把任务完成得更好。 ③表伴随：Surrounded by his students, the professor walked out of the hall. 教授被学生簇拥着走出大厅。 ④表让步：Beaten by the opponent, he didn’t give up.尽管被对手打败，他没有放弃。 【对点训练】 1. _______ (encourage) by his parents, the boy made up his mind to take up literature. 2. ________ (give) enough support, the old artist could complete his great work. 3. ________ (surprise) at the ending of the novel, she stood there silently. 【答案】1.Encouraged 2.Given 3.Surprised 1、 默写重点单词 1. _______________ n. & vt. 抓紧；领会，理解 2. _______________ adj. 复杂的　n. 建筑群；复合体；情结 3. _______________ n. 奖励，回报 4. _______________ adj. 完美的，理想的 5. _______________ adj. 死板的，僵硬的；固执的 6. _______________ vt. 经历，经受 7. _______________ vt. 拥护，提倡 8. _______________ vi. & vt. (使)拐弯，弯曲 9. _______________ n. & vt. 宣称；索赔 10. _______________ adj. 引人注目的，显著的 11. _______________ vt. 偶然碰到；遭遇 12. _______________ adj. 众多的，许多的 13. _______________ vt. 投射；选派角色 14. _______________ vt. 给……命名；使享有权利 15. _______________ vt. 把……归咎于，责怪 16. _______________ n. 津贴；零花钱 17. _______________ adj. 不宽容的 18. _______________ vt. 是……的特征，以……为典型 19. _______________ adj. 有代表性的n. 代表 20. _______________ adv. 始终；一直 【答案】1. grasp　2. complex　3. reward　 4. ideal　5. rigid 6. undergo　7. advocate　8. bend　9. claim 10. striking　11. encounter　12. numerous 13. cast　14. entitle 15. blame　16. allowance　17. unforgiving 18. characterize　19. representative　20. constantly 二、词汇运用 1. The place of interest is so ___________that many tourists are ___________ by its beautiful scenery.(fascinate) 2. It turned out to be an unforgettable and ___________experience，which ___________ us with many benefits.(reward) 3. I admire you for your ___________，because you are ___________ of things that can’t ___________ .(tolerate) 4. The doctor ___________listened to the patient，and told him that the treatment needed ___________ .(patient) 5. [外研选必四U3P36]Dunhuang has once again become a global crossroads since it hosted hundreds of ___________ (represent) from 51 countries for the Silk Road International Cultural Expo in 2017. 6. 10. [北师选必三U9P66]For example, DNA ___________(detect) can figure out a person's identity and how people were related. 【答案】1. fascinating；fascinated 2. rewarding；rewarded　3. tolerance；tolerant；be tolerated 4. patiently；patience　5. representatives　6. detectives 三、重点句型 1. 面对严重的经济危机，这家公司除了歇业别无选择。(过去分词作状语) 2. 只要你坚持练习，你就会发现剪纸并不难。(as long as) You won't find paper-cutting difficult . 3. 请记住，是Mary而不是你要为没准时完成工作负责。(be to blame；强调句) Please remember for not finishing the work on time. 【答案】1. Faced with the severe economic crisis, the company had no choice but to close. 2. as long as you keep practising it 3. it is Mary, rather than you, that is to blame 四、课文语法填空 Poetry is a combination of “sound” and “sense”. It usually 1. ___________ (imply) a deeper meaning beyond the words. To understand the hidden dimension, you can detect repeated words, rhymes or other special effects, 2. ___________ may lead you to a better understanding. You can also approach the poem as if you 3. ___________ (be) an explorer in an unfamiliar landscape. You can ask some basic 4. ___________ (question) about the poem and put images that form in your mind together. As you explore your surroundings, you will dig 5. ___________ clues that give you a greater understanding. If you want to interpret the meaning of a poem, just have some 6. ___________ (patient). You can't really understand a poem until you have read it many times. As an explorer, you need to go on a journey to a remote and unknown destination. But when you make your great discovery, your efforts will 7. ___________ (reward). In fact, you don't have to 8. ___________ (full) understand a poem to appreciate it but might need to abandon logical thinking to discover its true inner beauty. Poetry's combination of “sound” and “sense” makes you see 9. ___________ world in a new way and allows you 10. ___________ (go) beyond normal reality for the everlasting beauty. 【答案】 1. implies　2. which　3. were　4. questions 5. up　6. patience　7. be rewarded　8. fully 9. the　10. to go 五、阅读理解 A （2026·浙江嘉兴·二模）They say that the truth comes out of the children’s mouth, and that truth is sometimes more upsetting than we realize. Jen Adams Beason, a 2nd-grade teacher from Louisiana, witnessed this when she asked her students to write about an invention that they didn’t like, or an invention that they wish would have never seen the light of day. Jen has 21 students, and she was absolutely heartbroken when she noticed that four of her students shared the same invention: the smartphone. With dozens of notifications (通知) from apps, emails, and social media updates, it could be hard not to look at your phone for longer than five minutes. Jen shared a boy’s essay on her Facebook page. “I hate my mom’s phone and I wish she never had one. That is an invention that I don’t like.” The essay is even accompanied by a sad and angry face saying “I hate it,” looking at a drawn phone with a cross through it. “I had my 2nd graders write about an invention that they wish had never been created. Out of 21 students, 4 of them wrote about this topic. # getoffyourphone # listentoyourkids,” Jen posted on her Facebook wall. Her message was seen by millions and even shared 300,000 times. It received dozens of eye-opening comments. “That is so sad. Great reminder for us all to put those phones down and engage with our kids more,” Tracy Jenkins posted. Luckily, it seems that awareness about smartphone addiction is increasing. Both iPhones and smartphones running on a recent Android operating system will soon include features to monitor, control and restrict your personal smartphone use for your own health. Still, it’s interesting to see that parents’ concerns about their children becoming addicted to smartphones and other smart devices, are also perfectly true the other way around. 1．What did Jen find through the writing task? A．Parents’ overuse of their phones. B．Parents’ dislike for their children. C．Children’s resistance to social media. D．Children’s poor performance in writing. 2．The boy included a picture in his essay to show _________. A．his great drawing skills B．his desire for a smartphone C．his strong negative emotions D．his insight into online interaction 3．How did Tracy Jenkins feel after reading Jen’s post? A．Guilty. B．Helpless. C．Embarrassed. D．Confused. 4．What is the author trying to do in the last paragraph? A．Draw a conclusion. B．Provide evidence. C．Put forward a proposal. D．Call for reflection. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．D 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Jen Adams Beason, a 2nd-grade teacher from Louisiana, witnessed this when she asked her students to write about an invention that they didn’t like, or an invention that they wish would have never seen the light of day.(路易斯安那州的二年级教师珍·亚当斯·比森在让学生写一种他们不喜欢的、或者希望从未问世过的发明时，就见证了这一点)”、第二段“Jen has 21 students, and she was absolutely heartbroken when she noticed that four of her students shared the same invention: the smartphone. (珍有21名学生，当她注意到她的四名学生都指出了同一个发明——智能手机时，她感到非常痛心)”和第三段“I hate my mom’s phone and I wish she never had one. (我讨厌我妈妈的手机，我希望她从来没有过手机)”可知，珍通过写作任务发现父母过度使用手机的问题。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“The essay is even accompanied by a sad and angry face saying “I hate it,” looking at a drawn phone with a cross through it. (这篇作文甚至还附有一张悲伤而愤怒的脸，写着“我讨厌它”，看着一个画着叉的手机)”可知，男孩在作文中附上图片是为了表达他强烈的负面情绪。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段“That is so sad. Great reminder for us all to put those phones down and engage with our kids more (这太可悲了。这对我们所有人来说都是一个很好的提醒，放下手机，多陪陪孩子)”可知，特雷西·詹金斯读完珍的帖子后感到内疚和反思。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Still, it’s interesting to see that parents’ concerns about their children becoming addicted to smartphones and other smart devices, are also perfectly true the other way around. (然而，有趣的是，父母对孩子沉迷于智能手机和其他智能设备的担忧，反过来也完全成立)”可知，作者在最后一段指出父母担心孩子沉迷手机的同时，孩子也在承受父母沉迷手机带来的影响，旨在呼吁读者反思这一现象。故选D项。 B （25-26高一下·河南漯河·期末）From an early age, we tend to divide ourselves and others into opposing groups — such as “smart vs. dumb” in school or “rich vs. poor” in adulthood. This thinking is often used for simpler identification, but it carries significant risks. Once we assign people or ourselves to a group, several psychological effects take hold. First of all, the group members assume (假定) an identity. A label is placed on them, which over time achieves a level of permanency. For example, if you decide yourself as belonging to the “I’m really not creative” group, you tend to view yourself as primarily and permanently uncreative. The longer this belief lasts, the harder it is to change. Moreover, groups provide us with a false sense of comfort. By joining the “I’m not creative” group, we also conveniently protect ourselves from moving beyond the borders of that group into new and often unfamiliar areas. Like birds that hesitate to leave their cages even when the door is open, we eschew the desire to get out of our comfort zone — not because we can’t, but because we won’t. There are not just many like-minded people in the group, but it offers a safe environment to work and play. But the problem doesn’t end there. There is a tsunami of books and articles that use language such as the following: “Creative people are individuals like Leonardo, Edison, Picasso, or Einstein who have changed our culture in some important respects” and “Creative people are the ones who get ahead in their jobs, start new businesses, invent products… paint pictures, and make things of beauty.” When reading these statements, we automatically assign ourselves to that “other group”, knowing that we can never measure up. However, as psychological research has convincingly demonstrated, creativity is not exclusive to a select few; it is a birthright shared by everyone. So, be mindful of what you read. Sometimes, others may be putting you in a box without your knowing. 5．What does the underlined word “eschew” probably mean in paragraph 3? A．Employ. B．Arouse. C．Express. D．Avoid. 6．What can we learn from paragraph 4? A．Creative people are very few. B．Labels may limit our thoughts. C．All great people are creative. D．We can match great people easily. 7．What might the author agree with? A．We should read more books. B．Groups help us know ourselves. C．Creativity belongs to everyone. D．Labels help us identify others. 8．What can be the suitable title for the passage? A．Social Labels: Their Hidden Harm. B．Age Groups: Key Comparisons. C．Group Identity: Its Hidden Benefits. D．Creative Thinking: Ways to Develop It. 【答案】5．D 6．B 7．C 8．A 【详解】5．词句猜测题。根据第三段画线词“eschew”前面的“Like birds that hesitate to leave their cages even when the door is open(如同笼门敞开却仍犹豫不肯离去的飞鸟)”和后面的“the desire to get out of our comfort zone — not because we can’t, but because we won’t(走出舒适区的渴望——并非我们做不到，而是我们不愿为之)”可知，作者将人比作不愿离笼的鸟，即便有能力离开也选择不离开，画线词应含有“回避”之意。 6．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“When reading these statements, we automatically assign ourselves to that “other group”, knowing that we can never measure up.(读到这些描述时，我们会下意识将自己归为‘另一类人’，心里清楚自己永远达不到那样的水准。)”可推知，社会贴上的创造力专属天才等标签使人们自我否定、自我设限，从而束缚了我们的思维。 7．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“creativity is not exclusive to a select few; it is a birthright shared by everyone.(创造力并非少数人的专利，而是每个人与生俱来的权利。)”可推知，作者认为创造力属于每一个人。 8．主旨大意题。第一段第二句“This thinking is often used for simpler identification, but it carries significant risks.(这种想法虽然方便简单区分人群，却暗藏巨大隐患。)”是本文主旨句，全文围绕人们划分群体、给自己和他人贴标签展开，依次介绍标签带来固化自我认知、使人困在舒适区、自我否定等一系列隐性危害。文章核心在于揭示社会标签的隐性危害，而非讨论年龄群体、群体好处或创造力的培养方法，A项表示“社会标签：暗藏的危害。”，能涵盖本文主旨，适合作为本文标题。 六、语法填空 （25-26高一下·湖北襄阳·期末）Nowadays, with global travel gradually recovering, a growing number of foreign tourists are flooding into China on a regular basis. They no longer merely focus on well-known tourist landmarks, 1 devote themselves to sensing the authentic (真实的) local lifestyle. From sipping morning tea in old quarters to bargaining at wet markets, these travelers seek real life experience 2 is rooted in local life. This travel style centered on daily life 3 (become) increasingly fashionable in recent years. To attract overseas visitors, China has bettered related travel policies, 4 (make) it much easier for foreigners to travel. Improved payment systems and service support bring far 5 (great) convenience to foreign travelers. For example, mobile payment apps now accept international bank cards, and real-time translation tools are widely available. The popularity of such in-depth travel shows people’s heartfelt 6 (admire) for the cultural value hidden behind. Most visitors are tired of sightseeing and eager 7 (seek) cultural experience beyond popular scenic spots. Most travelers prefer to discover local customs and traditions 8 their own speed, wandering through alleyways (小巷), tasting street food, and chatting with residents. In the long run, visitors will truly feel the charm 9 (bury) in the local life across China. This shift from sightseeing to in-depth experience marks 10 new chapter in China’s tourism, promising more meaningful and memorable journeys. 【答案】1．but 2．that/which 3．has become 4．making 5．greater 6．admiration 7．to seek 8．at 9．buried 10．a 【详解】1．考查连词。句意：他们不再仅仅关注著名的旅游地标，而是全身心地投入去感受真实的当地生活方式。not merely...but...是固定搭配，意为“不仅……而且……”，此处but连接两个并列谓语。 2．考查定语从句。句意：从在老城区喝早茶到在菜市场讨价还价，这些旅行者寻求植根于当地生活的真实生活体验。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词experience，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导。 3．考查动词时态。句意：这种以日常生活为中心的旅行方式近年来变得越来越流行。根据时间状语in recent years可知，应用现在完成时；主语This travel style是第三人称单数，助动词用has。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了吸引海外游客，中国改善了相关的旅游政策，使得外国人出行更加便利。空处在句中作结果状语，是自然而然产生的结果，要用现在分词形式making。 5．考查形容词比较级。句意：改进后的支付系统和服务支持为外国游客带来了更大的便利。空处作定语修饰名词convenience，且根据语境暗含与过去对比，应用far修饰比较级，great的比较级为greater。 6．考查名词。句意：这种深度旅行的流行，显示出人们对背后隐藏的文化价值由衷的赞赏。空处作动词shows的宾语，应用名词admiration，不可数名词。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：大多数游客厌倦了走马观花式的观光，渴望在热门景点之外寻求文化体验。be eager to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“渴望做某事”。 8．考查介词。句意：大多数旅行者更喜欢按照自己的节奏探索当地的风俗和传统，穿梭于小巷之中，品尝街头小吃，并与居民聊天。at one’s own speed是固定短语，意为“以某人自己的速度/节奏”。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：从长远来看，游客将真正感受到藏在中国各地当地生活里的魅力。动词bury与其逻辑名词charm之间是被动关系，应用过去分词buried in...作后置定语，意为“蕴藏于……之中的”。 10．考查冠词。句意：这种从观光到深度体验的转变，标志着中国旅游业翻开了新的篇章，预示着更有意义、更难忘的旅程。chapter为可数名词，此处泛指“一个新篇章”，且new是发音以辅音音素开头的词，应用不定冠词a。 $Unit 4 Exploring poetry 词汇 一、阅读词汇： 1. adj. 贫瘠的，不毛的；不结果实的 2. adj. 结冰的，冰封的；冷冻的；冻僵的 3. vt. 含有…的意思，暗示，暗指 4. n. 方面，侧面；规模，程度；维 5. vt. 发现，查明，侦察出 6. adj. 复杂的，难懂的n. 建筑群；复合体；情结 7. n. 线索，提示；迹象 8. adj. 偏远的，偏僻的；遥远的，久远的；远亲的 9. adv. 始终，一直 10. adj. 死板的，僵硬的；固执的，僵化的 11. n. 工业化 12. n. 居民，居住者 13. vt. 培养，助长；抚养，滋养 14. adj. 众多的，许多的 15. adj. 荣耀的，光荣的；壮丽的，辉煌的 16. n.（贸易和经济活动的）激增，繁荣vi. 迅速发展，激增，繁荣昌盛 17. adj. 不受约束的，自由的 18. n. 生命力，活力，热情 19. n. 人情债，情义，恩情；借款，欠款，债务 20. vt. & vi. 深深吸引，迷住 21. vt. (usually passive) 给…命名；使享有权利，使符合资格 22. adj. 棘手的；不饶人的，不宽容的 二、写作词汇： 1. n. 理解，领会；抓紧，握紧，控制；能力所及vt. 抓紧；领会，理解 2. adj. 相互矛盾的，对立的 3. vt. 解释，阐释；把…理解为，领会；演绎vi. 口译 4. n. 耐心，忍耐力 5. adv. 到旁边，在旁边；留，存；除…以外 6. vt. 奖励，奖赏n. 奖励，回报；悬赏金 7. adj. 符合逻辑的；必然的，合乎情理的 8. adj. 内心的，隐藏的；里面的，内部的 9. vt. 注意到，意识到；将…理解为，将…视为 10. n. 现实，实际情况；事实，实际经历 11. n. 理想；典范adj. 完美的，理想的 12. vt. (underwent,undergone) 经历，经受 13. vt. 拥护，支持，提倡/ˈædvəkət/ n. 拥护者，支持者；辩护律师 14. n. 看法，信念；信仰；相信，信心 15. vi. & vt. (bent, bent)（使）拐弯，弯曲n. 拐弯，弯道 16. n. 声明，宣称；所有权；索赔vt. 宣称，声称；要求；索取；获得 17. vi. & vt. 敢于，胆敢；激（某人做某事） 18. adj. 引人注目的，显著的；妩媚动人的，标致的 19. (also characterise) vt. 是…的特征，以…为典型；使…具有特点；描述，刻画 20. vt. 偶然碰到，意外地遇见；遭遇，碰到n. 相遇，遭遇，冲突 21. n. 稳定（性），稳固（性） 22. adj. 宽容的，容忍的；能耐…的 23. vt. & vi.成为…的特征，使有别于；区分，辨别；认出；使出众 24. adj. 典型的，有代表性的n. 典型人物，代表性人物；代表 25. vt. (cast, cast) 投射；向…投以（视线、笑容等）；投，抛；选派n. 全体演员；投，抛 26. vt. 欠（情）；欠（债） 27. vt. 把…归咎于，责怪，指责n. 责任，责备，指责 28. n. 津贴，补助；限额；零花钱 三、词汇变形： 1. frozen adj. 结冰的；冷冻的；冻僵的→ v. 结冰 (frozefrozen)→ adj. 极冷的   2. imply vt. 含有… 的意思；暗示→ n. 暗指；可能的影响（或作用、结果） 3. dimension n. 方面，侧面；规模，程度→ adj.…… 维的   4. detect vt. 发现，查明，侦查出→ n. 侦查，探测，察觉→ n. 侦探→________n. 探测器 5. contradictory adj. 相互矛盾的，对立的→ vt. 与… 矛盾→ n. 矛盾 6.interpret vt. 解释，阐释；把… 理解为→ n. 口译人员→ n. 解释 6. patience n. 耐心，忍耐力→ adj. 耐心的→ adj.(反义) 不耐心的，不耐烦的→ n. 不耐心，不耐烦 7. reward vt.&n. 奖励，奖赏→ adj. 值得做的；有益的；报酬高的 8. constantly adv. 始终，一直→ adj. 连续发生的；不断的；重复的；不变的；固定的；恒定的 9. logical adj. 符合逻辑的→ adv. 合乎逻辑地→ n. 思维方式；解释方法；逻辑；(做某事的) 道理，合乎情理的原因；逻辑学 10. novelist n. 小说家→ n. 小说 adj. 新颖的 11. industrialization n. 工业化→ vt. 使… 工业化→ n. 工业 12. advocate vt. 拥护，支持，提倡→ n. 拥护，支持，提倡 13. legend n. 传说，传奇故事→ adj. 非常著名的；传奇的；传说的 14. glorious adj. 荣耀的，光荣的；壮丽的，辉煌的→ n. 荣誉；光荣 15. stability n. 稳定 (性)，稳固 (性)→ adj. 稳定的→ adj.(反义) 不稳定的 16. tolerant adj. 宽容的，容忍的→ vt. 容许，允许→ / n. 忍受；容忍；宽容；容许 17. vitality n. 生命力，活力，热情→ adj. 必不可少的，对… 极重要的；维持生命所必需的；热情洋溢的→ adv. 极其；生死攸关地 18. distinguish vt.&vi. 成为… 的特征，使有别于；区分，辨别→ adj. 卓越的；杰出的；著名的；显得重要的；高贵的；有尊严的 19. exaggeration n. 夸张，夸大→ v. 夸张；夸大；言过其实 20. representative adj. 典型的，有代表性的 n. 典型人物→ vt. 代表；作为… 的象征；意味着→ n. 表现；描述；描绘 21. fascinate vt.&vi. 深深吸引，迷住→ n. 魅力；极大的吸引力；入迷；着迷→ adj. 入迷的；极感兴趣的→ adj. 极有吸引力的；迷人的 22. allowance n. 津贴，补助→ vt. 允许 23. unforgiving adj. 棘手的，不饶人的，不宽容的→ adj.(反义) 宽宏大量的；宽容的→ vt. 原谅→ n. 原谅；宽恕；宽宏大量 四、拓展词汇 1. 诗歌形式要素 stanza n. 诗节 rhymescheme n. 押韵格式 rhythm n. 节律 verse n. 诗行；诗篇 meter n. 格律，音步 syllable n. 音节 refrain n. 叠句，副歌 imagery n. 意象 metaphor n. 隐喻 simile n. 明喻 2. 创作与文字表达 compose vt. 创作（诗歌） polish vt. 润色，打磨文字 draft v. 草拟，起草 depict vt. 描绘，刻画 portray vt. 描写，表现 weave vt. 编织（文字、情节） phrase vt. 措辞，表达 rewrite v. 修改，改写 originate vi. 源自，起源于 adapt vt. 改编 3. 情感与意境氛围 melancholy n.&adj. 忧郁，哀愁 nostalgia n. 怀旧，乡愁 passion n. 激情，热忱 sorrow n. 悲伤，哀伤 ecstasy n. 狂喜 longing n. 向往，思念 serene adj. 宁静的 gloomy adj. 忧伤阴郁的 delicate adj. 细腻的 solemn adj. 庄重肃穆的 4. 文学赏析与流传 interpret vt. 解读，阐释 appreciate vt. 鉴赏，品读 literary adj. 文学的 classic n. 经典作品 heritage n. 文学遗产 masterpiece n. 传世佳作 resonate vi. 产生共鸣 convey vt. 传递（思想情感） preserve vt. 保存，留存 circulate vi. 流传，传播 五、熟词生义 Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍 1．In striking① contrast to their brothers，the twin sisters had striking② good looks. ①adj.显著的　②adj.标致的 2．The artist bent① the wire into the shape of a heart，and then bent② down to place it at the bend③ in the road. ①vt.使弯曲　②vi.弯腰　③n.拐弯 3．The man who claimed① first prize in yesterday’s competition was claimed② in the car accident and his wife claimed③ on the insurance，and the insurance company claimed④ to deal with the matter as soon as possible. ①v.获得，赢得　②v.夺去(生命)　③v.索要 ④v.声称，宣称 4．In repaying his debt① of gratitude，John offered a helping hand，clearing the financial debt② his friend owed. ①n.人情债，恩情，情义　②n.债务 5．Having fully grasped① the skills and precautions of mountain climbing，he grasped② the rope firmly and began his climbing.His quick grasp③ of knowledge allowed him to grasp④ the opportunity to reach the summit first. ①v.理解，领会　②v.抓紧　③n.理解，领会 ④v.毫不犹豫地抓住(机会) 六、核心短语 单词表短语 1. dig up 发现，搜集，查明 2. set sth aside 把…放一边；留出 3. break with sth 与某事终止关联，破除 4. make allowance for 体谅；考虑到，估计到 单词的高频常用短语 1. beyond the words 在字面之外 2. hidden dimension 隐藏的深层意蕴 3. beyond your grasp 难以理解、超出理解范围 4. read it aloud 大声朗读 5. put together 拼接、组合 6. set sth aside 把…… 搁置一旁 7. reach your goal 达成目标 8. at first 起初 9. be rewarded 得到回报 10. abandon logical thinking 抛开逻辑思维 11. inner beauty 内在美感 12. as long as 只要 13. put emphasis on 强调；重视 14. striking imagination 超凡的想象力 15. contribute to 促成、造就 16. acquire the wisdom of previous generations 汲取前人智慧 17. nourish one’s love of nature 滋养对自然的热爱 18. breathe vitality into 为…… 赋予生机 19. distinguish sb from 使某人区别于…… 20. be representative of 是…… 的典型代表 21. be widely recognized as 被公认为 写作 句型 1. As long as the journey of poetry reading makes you feel something or lets you perceive as/so long as“只要”，引导条件状语从句 another level of meaning, it will have been worth your effort. 主句 译文：只要读诗之旅能让你有所感悟，或者让你发现另一层含义，你的努力就是值得的。 2. Second，approach the poem as if you were an explorer in an unfamiliar landscape. as if 从句中的虚拟语气 译文：第二，走进诗歌，就像你是一个置身于陌生风景中的探索者。 3. Equally impressive is Li Bai’s free expression of strong feelings，which breathes vitality 全部倒装 定语从句 into lifeless objects he describes，and which distinguishes him from other landscape poets. 译文：同样令人印象深刻的是李白强烈情感的自由抒发，这为他笔下的无生命物体注入了生机，也让他有别于其他山水诗人。 4.With his extraordinary imagination，free expression of strong feelings and mastery of language， with介词短语作原因状语 Li Bai is widely recognized as the greatest romantic poet after Qu Yuan. 主句 译文：超尘脱俗的想象、强烈情感的自由抒发和对语言的精通，使李白被公认为继屈原之后的最伟大的浪漫主义诗人。 语法 非谓语动词作综述 写作 一份关于中国古代诗歌知识竞赛建议信 一、知识点精讲 1．reward/rɪˈwɔːd/ vt.奖励，奖赏 n．奖励，回报；悬赏金 【词汇拓展】rewarding adj.值得做的；有益的 【核心固定搭配】 ① reward sb with...用……奖赏某人 ② as a reward for...作为对……的奖励/回报 ③ in reward for为报答……；作为……的奖赏 【经典例句】 (1)Rewarded ________her favorite snack from Katherine，Maya was overwhelmed with an immense sense of delight. (2)Not only did the activity make us gain deeper insights into traditional Chinese culture，but it also raised our awareness of protecting cultural heritage.What a ________(reward) day! (3)我转身向出租车司机挥手告别，心里想，我会给他买一份礼物，以回报他对我的慷慨帮助。(2024·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写) I turned around and waved goodbye to the taxi driver，thinking in my mind that I would buy him a gift ________________/________________ his generous help to me. 2．advocate/ˈædvəkeɪt/ vt.拥护，支持，提倡 n．拥护者，支持者；辩护律师 【核心固定搭配】 ① advocate sth提倡/拥护/支持某事 ② advocate sb doing sth提倡某人做某事 ③ It is advocated that...主张/提倡……[从句谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”] 【经典例句】 (1)Scientists advocated________(raise) public awareness of preserving the precious heritage. (2)I advocate everyone ________(make) it their duty to make a contribution to protecting the environment. (3)提倡人人过低碳生活来保护我们的环境。(话题写作之环境与自然) ________________all people live a low-carbon life to protect our environment. 3．claim/kleɪm/ vt.声称，宣称；要求；索取；获得；夺去(生命) n．声称，宣称；所有权；索赔 【核心固定搭配】 ① claim that/to do...声称…… ② claim to have done sth声称做过某事 ③ claim for/make a claim for sth就……提出要求；提出赔偿……的要求 ④ It is claimed that...据称……；据说…… 【经典例句】 (1)The government claimed________(provide) allowance for people who made great contributions to our country. (2)He claimed that he had found a mysterious star through a telescope. →He claimed________________ a mysterious star through a telescope. (3)据说海洋正在遭受严重的污染。到了我们致力于保护它的时候了。(2022·全国甲，书面表达) ________________ the ocean is suffering serious pollution.It’s high time that we should devote ourselves to protecting it. 4．tolerant /ˈtɒlərənt/adj.宽容的，容忍的；能耐……的 【词汇拓展】tolerate vt.容忍；允许；忍受 tolerance n．容忍；忍耐力 【核心固定搭配】 ① be tolerant of/towards对……容忍/宽容 ② tolerate (sb/sb’s) doing...容忍(某人)做…… “容忍；忍受”的其他表达还有：stand，bear，endure，put up with 【经典例句】 (1)To be honest，my ________ is not limitless，so I will not be always ________ of your constantly being late.(tolerate) (2)由于我们无法容忍人们乱扔垃圾，我们将发起一场活动呼吁人们保护环境。(应用文写作之倡议书) As we can not tolerate people _______ garbage around，a campaign is to be launched to appeal to people to protect the surroundings. 5．distinguish/dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ/ vt.& vi.区分，辨别；成为……的特征，使有别于；使出众；认出 【词汇拓展】distinguished adj.卓越的；著名的；杰出的；高贵的；受尊重的 【核心固定搭配】 ① distinguish between A and B　区分A和B ② distinguish...from...使……有别于……；把……与……区分开来 ③ be distinguished for...因……而出名 ④ be distinguished as...作为……而出名 【经典例句】 (1)They can even distinguish their mother’s voice ________ that of a female stranger. (2)The woman distinguished ________a writer for her latest science fiction agreed that reading good books can teach us to distinguish between right and wrong. (3)杭州以其迷人的风景而闻名，每年都吸引大量的游客。(应用文写作之推荐信) ①Hangzhou ________________ its fascinating scenery，attracting large numbers of tourists every year. ②________________ its fascinating scenery，Hangzhou attracts large numbers of tourists every year.(形容词短语作状语) 6．owe /əʊ/vt.欠(情)，欠(债)；归功于；归因于 【核心固定搭配】 ① owe sb sth ＝owe sth to sb 欠某人某物；把某事归功于某人 ② owe it to sb that...把……归功于某人 ③ owe it to sb to do sth该为了某人而做某事 ④ owing to由于 【经典例句】 (1)本周日我不能和你去郊游，我得向你道歉。 I________________/________________failing to go outing with you this Sunday. (2)我把我在英语学习上的巨大进步归功于您，任何语言都不足以表达我衷心的感谢。(应用文写作之感谢信) I ________________in English learning ________ you/I ________________I have made great progress in English learning，and no words are strong enough to express my heartfelt gratitude. 7．blame/bleɪm/ n．责任，责备，指责 vt.责怪，指责，把……归咎于 【核心固定搭配】 ① put/lay the blame for sth on sb把某事推到某人身上/归咎于某人 ②blame sb for...因……而指责某人；把……归咎于某人 ③blame sth on sb把某事归咎于某人 ④be to blame (for sth)(对某事)负有责任；(因某事)该受责备(主动形式表被动意义) 【经典例句】 (1)不要总把自己的失败归咎于他人。你应该为失败承担责任。(读后续写之升华句) Don’t always ________________your own failure on/blame your own failure on others.You should take/bear the blame for failure. (2)当和他人相处时，我们不应该总是把错误归咎于他人。毕竟，很多时候我们也负有责任。因此，我们应该多交流、换位思考，而不是指责他人。(话题写作之人际交往) When getting along with others，we shouldn’t always ________mistakes/_____________________________.After all，many times we are also to blame.So instead of blaming others，we should communicate more and put ourselves in others’ place. 二、核心语法精讲 非谓语动词作主语 A. 不定式作主语：指具体的一次性的动作（通常会用it作形式主语） →表将来含义 结构一：It is/was + adj. + (for/of sb) + to do sth. 结构二：It is/was + a/an + n. + to do sth. 结构三：It takes/took + (sb) + time/courage/patience, ... + to do sth. It requires/required courage/patience/hard work, ... + to do sth. B. 动名词做主语：指一般的或抽象的多次性的动作，时间概念不强 (1)常用句型： 结构一：It is + adj.(eg. good, funny, nice, worthwhile, interesting, etc) + doing sth. 结构二：It is no/any/some good/use (in) doing sth. 结构三：There is no point/use/good (in) doing sth. 结构四：There is no doing sth. “禁止做……” (2)动名词的复合结构（注意时态和语态）： 形容词性物主代词 + 动名词 名词所有格 + 动名词 如：Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. Mike’s returning to work is a great help to us. 注意 Doing + 谓语动词 + 其他. It + 谓语动词 + ... + to do sth. （80%） 非谓语动词作宾语 A. 不定式作宾语 1. 作及物动词的宾语（从一而终：动词形式后加to do作宾语，其名词形式后也是加to do） (1)决心学会想希望，拒绝没法愿假装；主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。 decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish refuse, manage, desire, pretend offer, promise, choose, plan agree, ask/beg, help 如：He hopes to go to university next year. 他盼望来年上大学。 She finally decided to give up the job. 她最后决定放弃那项工作。 (2)it作形式宾语，构成“及物动词 + it + adj./n. + (for sb) + to do sth”结构，这类及物动词常见的有：think, find, believe, feel, make, consider。如： Her foreign identity makes it hard (for her) to find a job here. 2. 作介词的宾语：不定式通常不作介词的宾语，但可在except和but后作宾语（前有“do”，后无“to”）；若在 除二者之外的介词后作宾语，通常会加上特殊疑问词（宾语从句的省略）。如： They’re talking about how to get there. We have no choice but to wait. We have nothing to do but wait. B. 动名词作宾语 1. 作及物动词的宾语 考虑建议盼原谅（consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon） 承认推迟没得想（admit, delay/put off, fancy） 避免错过继续练（avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practise） 否认完成就欣赏（deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate） 禁止想象才冒险（forbid, imagine, risk） 不禁介意准逃亡（can’t help, mind, allow/permit, escape） 难以忍受始反对（can’t stand, set about, object to） 想要成功坚持忙（feel like, succeed in, stick to/insist on, be busy） 习惯放弃有困难（be used/accustomed to, give up, have difficulty/trouble/problems <in>） 导致专心防道款（lead to, devote to, prevent/stop/keep sb/sth from, apologize for） be surprised at 对……感到惊讶 be proud of 以……为骄傲 be afraid of 害怕…… 注意 ①allow, permit, forbid, advise等及物动词后直接加动名词（doing）作宾语；如果这些词后有名词或代词，则用to do作宾语。如：allow doing sth.或allow sb to do sth.； ②大部分能加名词作宾语的及物动词，也能加动名词（doing）作宾语（但expect, want等除外）； ③主动表被动：need/want/require doing = need/want/require to be done。 2. 作介词的宾语：vi./adj. + 介词短语 + doing。其中，需特别注意介词to！ 补充 含有介词to的固定搭配 admit to, be equal to, devote ... to, get down to, look forward to, object to, stick to, take to（开始沉湎于……；养成……的习惯）, see to, attend to, lead to, pay attention to, be/get used/accustomed to等。 3、动名词的复合结构作宾语（注意时态和语态）： 人称代词（宾格）+ 动名词 形容词性物主代词 + 动名词 名词所有格 + 动名词 名词通格+ 动名词 如：①It the babysitter can’t come tomorrow, do you mind Fred’s/his/him being left alone at home, sleeping? ②I knew nothing about the window being open. 非谓语动词作表语 A. 不定式或动名词 →对称结构 注意 对于不定式，如果主语部分有实义动词“do”，则作表语的不定式通常省“to”。如： The only thing you can do is wait and see. （前有“do”，后无“to”） B. 分词：exciting和excited 非谓语动词作定语 注意 完成式<to have done, to have been done, having done, having been done>不作定语！！ A. 作前置定语（单个单词 →所以没有to do） →doing, done a. 动名词（doing表功能，强调名词词性；没有being done） b. 现在分词（doing表进行，强调动作；没有being done） c. 过去分词（done表完成，强调动作） 注意 有些单个的过去分词在作定语时习惯后置，如：given, left, concerned有关的等。 B. 作后置定语 →to do, to be done; doing, being done; done a. 不定式（表将来） b. 现在分词短语（doing表主动/进行；being done表被动且进行，“正在被……”） c. 过去分词短语（done表被动且完成，“已经被……”） There are many difficulties to handle. →可在不定式前加“for me”，说明困难是由“我”解决。 There are many difficulties to be handled. →表示困难不是由“我”解决。 中心词为不定代词，或被the only/last/next/ ..., the first等序数词或最高级修饰时。如： I have no pencil to write with. He is the first one to get to school. 注意 ①非谓语动词为不及物动词，则只有现在分词的主动形式（过去分词表示动作已完成）； ②非谓语动词为及物动词，则有2种情况： a. 有名词或代词作宾语，用现在分词的主动形式。如： They live in a room facing the south. b. 若无宾语，则用被动语态。根据时态的不同，有3种情况： The meeting to be held is very important. “将被举办的” The meeting being held is very important. “正在被举办的” The meeting held was very important. “已被举办的” 三、单元写作清单 1.作文题目 假定你是李华，你的交换生朋友Daniel想参加学校组织的中国古代诗歌知识竞赛，并请求你的帮助。请你给她回一封邮件，内容包括： 1. 表示愿意； 2. 你的建议； 3. 表达祝愿。 【注意】1. 词数100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； Dear Daniel, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 2.写作框架 总框架 分要点 细分细节 Help Daniel prepare for the Chinese ancient poetry contest帮助 Daniel 准备中国古代诗歌知识竞赛 1. Show your willingness to help表明愿意提供帮助 I am more than willing to provide you with assistance for the upcoming contest organized by our school. It’s great to see your interest in Chinese culture!我十分愿意为你提供帮助，很高兴看到你对中国文化的兴趣 2. Offer practical suggestions给出备考建议 ①Learn about famous ancient poets and their life backgrounds via online resources借助网络了解著名古代诗人以及他们的时代、人生经历②Study different poetic forms and poem structures学习不同诗歌体裁，了解诗歌结构③Memorize and recite classic poems to improve language sense and pronunciation背诵经典诗歌，体会语言美、改善发音 3. Express your best wishes表达祝愿 Remember, practice makes perfect! Wish you all the best in the contest!记住熟能生巧！祝你竞赛一切顺利！ 3.写作素材 （1）文学类名词 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. 文学 literature 2. 小说 novel 3. 小说 / 虚构的事 fiction 4. 诗歌 poetry （poem 诗 /poet 诗人） 5. 杂志 magazine 6. 散文，随笔，文章 essay 7. 传说；传奇故事 legend 8. 传记 biography （autobiography 自传） 9. 童话故事 fairy tale 10. 戏剧 drama 11. 歌剧 opera 12. 喜剧 comedy 13. 悲剧 tragedy 14. 神话 myth 15. 趣闻，轶事 anecdote 16. 原作 original 17. 期刊 journal 18. 版本 edition 19. 章，回，篇 chapter 20. 卷，册 volume 21. 草稿 draft 22. 情节 plot 23. 出版；发行 publish 24. 作家 author 25. 小说家 novelist 26. 剧作家 playwright 27. 人物 character 28. 智慧 / 文明 wisdom /civilization （2）文化文学主题短语 1. 文化冲击 culture shock 2. 书评 a book review 3. 以…… 为背景 be set in 4. 生动描述 give a vivid description of 5. 古典文学 / 经典作品 Classical literature/classic works (classics) 6. 按照中国传统风格 in the traditional Chinese style 7. 获得诺贝尔文学奖 win the Nobel Prize in Literature 8. 传播中华传统文化 spread Chinese traditional culture 9. 激发某人对…… 的热情 — arouse one’s enthusiasm for sth. 10. 根据…… 改编…… adapt … from … 11. 把…… 翻译成…… translate A into B 12. 对…… 有更好的理解 have a better understanding of… 13. 对…… 作简单介绍 make a brief introduction to… 14. 拥有知识 take possession of knowledge 4. 范文背诵 Dear Daniel, How is everything going with you? I am more than willing to provide you with assistance for the upcoming contest (that is) organized by our school. It’s great to see your interest in Chinese culture! To prepare for the contest, here are a few suggestions. Firstly, you can start by familiarizing yourself with some famous ancient Chinese poets like Li Bai, Du Fu, and Wang Wei. To enhance your understanding of their styles and themes, you can use online resources to learn about the dynasties when they lived（定语从句，when 引导，修饰先行词 dynasties） and their life experiences. Secondly, it is necessary to study different poetic forms given that knowing how the poems are structured will make them easier to remember（原因状语从句，given that 引导）. What’s more, memorize a few popular poems and practice reciting them, which will help you appreciate the beauty of the language and improve your pronunciation（非限制性定语从句，which 引导，指代前面整件事）. Remember, practice makes perfect! Wish you all the best in the contest! Yours, Li Hua 易错点01 主语+be+adj. +to do 主语 + be + 描述事物属性的形容词 + to do 不定式主动表被动，只用 to do，不能用 to be done。 1. 介词不可省略。不定式是不及物动词时，后面要补上相应介词，和主语构成搭配。 The man is hard to deal with. The room is comfortable to live in. 2. 句式互换（句型转换必考） It is + adj. + to do sth. = Sth. + be + adj. + to do 例：It is easy to learn English. = English is easy to learn. 【对点训练】 As far as I’m concerned, the problem is easy ________ (solve). The old flat is uncomfortable ________ (live) in, so they plan to move. The tricky guy is hard ________ (deal) with for most new managers. 易错点02 过去分词作状语 过去分词作状语，逻辑主语必须和句子主句主语保持一致。 含义：过去分词表被动、完成，可表时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随。 核心判定 主句主语与分词动作之间是被动关系，用过去分词 (done)；  若是主动关系，用现在分词 (doing)。 常见逻辑     ①表原因：Encouraged by the teacher, he made greater progress. 受到老师鼓励，他进步更大。 ②表条件：Given more time, we could finish the task better. 如果再多给点时间，我们能把任务完成得更好。 ③表伴随：Surrounded by his students, the professor walked out of the hall. 教授被学生簇拥着走出大厅。 ④表让步：Beaten by the opponent, he didn’t give up.尽管被对手打败，他没有放弃。 【对点训练】 1. _______ (encourage) by his parents, the boy made up his mind to take up literature. 2. ________ (give) enough support, the old artist could complete his great work. 3. ________ (surprise) at the ending of the novel, she stood there silently. 1、 默写重点单词 1. _______________ n. & vt. 抓紧；领会，理解 2. _______________ adj. 复杂的　n. 建筑群；复合体；情结 3. _______________ n. 奖励，回报 4. _______________ adj. 完美的，理想的 5. _______________ adj. 死板的，僵硬的；固执的 6. _______________ vt. 经历，经受 7. _______________ vt. 拥护，提倡 8. _______________ vi. & vt. (使)拐弯，弯曲 9. _______________ n. & vt. 宣称；索赔 10. _______________ adj. 引人注目的，显著的 11. _______________ vt. 偶然碰到；遭遇 12. _______________ adj. 众多的，许多的 13. _______________ vt. 投射；选派角色 14. _______________ vt. 给……命名；使享有权利 15. _______________ vt. 把……归咎于，责怪 16. _______________ n. 津贴；零花钱 17. _______________ adj. 不宽容的 18. _______________ vt. 是……的特征，以……为典型 19. _______________ adj. 有代表性的n. 代表 20. _______________ adv. 始终；一直 二、词汇运用 1. The place of interest is so ___________that many tourists are ___________ by its beautiful scenery.(fascinate) 2. It turned out to be an unforgettable and ___________experience，which ___________ us with many benefits.(reward) 3. I admire you for your ___________，because you are ___________ of things that can’t ___________ .(tolerate) 4. The doctor ___________listened to the patient，and told him that the treatment needed ___________ .(patient) 5. [外研选必四U3P36]Dunhuang has once again become a global crossroads since it hosted hundreds of ___________ (represent) from 51 countries for the Silk Road International Cultural Expo in 2017. 6. 10. [北师选必三U9P66]For example, DNA ___________(detect) can figure out a person's identity and how people were related. 三、重点句型 1. 面对严重的经济危机，这家公司除了歇业别无选择。(过去分词作状语) 2. 只要你坚持练习，你就会发现剪纸并不难。(as long as) You won't find paper-cutting difficult . 3. 请记住，是Mary而不是你要为没准时完成工作负责。(be to blame；强调句) Please remember for not finishing the work on time. 四、课文语法填空 Poetry is a combination of “sound” and “sense”. It usually 1. ___________ (imply) a deeper meaning beyond the words. To understand the hidden dimension, you can detect repeated words, rhymes or other special effects, 2. ___________ may lead you to a better understanding. You can also approach the poem as if you 3. ___________ (be) an explorer in an unfamiliar landscape. You can ask some basic 4. ___________ (question) about the poem and put images that form in your mind together. As you explore your surroundings, you will dig 5. ___________ clues that give you a greater understanding. If you want to interpret the meaning of a poem, just have some 6. ___________ (patient). You can't really understand a poem until you have read it many times. As an explorer, you need to go on a journey to a remote and unknown destination. But when you make your great discovery, your efforts will 7. ___________ (reward). In fact, you don't have to 8. ___________ (full) understand a poem to appreciate it but might need to abandon logical thinking to discover its true inner beauty. Poetry's combination of “sound” and “sense” makes you see 9. ___________ world in a new way and allows you 10. ___________ (go) beyond normal reality for the everlasting beauty. 五、阅读理解 A （2026·浙江嘉兴·二模）They say that the truth comes out of the children’s mouth, and that truth is sometimes more upsetting than we realize. Jen Adams Beason, a 2nd-grade teacher from Louisiana, witnessed this when she asked her students to write about an invention that they didn’t like, or an invention that they wish would have never seen the light of day. Jen has 21 students, and she was absolutely heartbroken when she noticed that four of her students shared the same invention: the smartphone. With dozens of notifications (通知) from apps, emails, and social media updates, it could be hard not to look at your phone for longer than five minutes. Jen shared a boy’s essay on her Facebook page. “I hate my mom’s phone and I wish she never had one. That is an invention that I don’t like.” The essay is even accompanied by a sad and angry face saying “I hate it,” looking at a drawn phone with a cross through it. “I had my 2nd graders write about an invention that they wish had never been created. Out of 21 students, 4 of them wrote about this topic. # getoffyourphone # listentoyourkids,” Jen posted on her Facebook wall. Her message was seen by millions and even shared 300,000 times. It received dozens of eye-opening comments. “That is so sad. Great reminder for us all to put those phones down and engage with our kids more,” Tracy Jenkins posted. Luckily, it seems that awareness about smartphone addiction is increasing. Both iPhones and smartphones running on a recent Android operating system will soon include features to monitor, control and restrict your personal smartphone use for your own health. Still, it’s interesting to see that parents’ concerns about their children becoming addicted to smartphones and other smart devices, are also perfectly true the other way around. 1．What did Jen find through the writing task? A．Parents’ overuse of their phones. B．Parents’ dislike for their children. C．Children’s resistance to social media. D．Children’s poor performance in writing. 2．The boy included a picture in his essay to show _________. A．his great drawing skills B．his desire for a smartphone C．his strong negative emotions D．his insight into online interaction 3．How did Tracy Jenkins feel after reading Jen’s post? A．Guilty. B．Helpless. C．Embarrassed. D．Confused. 4．What is the author trying to do in the last paragraph? A．Draw a conclusion. B．Provide evidence. C．Put forward a proposal. D．Call for reflection. B （25-26高一下·河南漯河·期末）From an early age, we tend to divide ourselves and others into opposing groups — such as “smart vs. dumb” in school or “rich vs. poor” in adulthood. This thinking is often used for simpler identification, but it carries significant risks. Once we assign people or ourselves to a group, several psychological effects take hold. First of all, the group members assume (假定) an identity. A label is placed on them, which over time achieves a level of permanency. For example, if you decide yourself as belonging to the “I’m really not creative” group, you tend to view yourself as primarily and permanently uncreative. The longer this belief lasts, the harder it is to change. Moreover, groups provide us with a false sense of comfort. By joining the “I’m not creative” group, we also conveniently protect ourselves from moving beyond the borders of that group into new and often unfamiliar areas. Like birds that hesitate to leave their cages even when the door is open, we eschew the desire to get out of our comfort zone — not because we can’t, but because we won’t. There are not just many like-minded people in the group, but it offers a safe environment to work and play. But the problem doesn’t end there. There is a tsunami of books and articles that use language such as the following: “Creative people are individuals like Leonardo, Edison, Picasso, or Einstein who have changed our culture in some important respects” and “Creative people are the ones who get ahead in their jobs, start new businesses, invent products… paint pictures, and make things of beauty.” When reading these statements, we automatically assign ourselves to that “other group”, knowing that we can never measure up. However, as psychological research has convincingly demonstrated, creativity is not exclusive to a select few; it is a birthright shared by everyone. So, be mindful of what you read. Sometimes, others may be putting you in a box without your knowing. 5．What does the underlined word “eschew” probably mean in paragraph 3? A．Employ. B．Arouse. C．Express. D．Avoid. 6．What can we learn from paragraph 4? A．Creative people are very few. B．Labels may limit our thoughts. C．All great people are creative. D．We can match great people easily. 7．What might the author agree with? A．We should read more books. B．Groups help us know ourselves. C．Creativity belongs to everyone. D．Labels help us identify others. 8．What can be the suitable title for the passage? A．Social Labels: Their Hidden Harm. B．Age Groups: Key Comparisons. C．Group Identity: Its Hidden Benefits. D．Creative Thinking: Ways to Develop It. 六、语法填空 （25-26高一下·湖北襄阳·期末）Nowadays, with global travel gradually recovering, a growing number of foreign tourists are flooding into China on a regular basis. They no longer merely focus on well-known tourist landmarks, 1 devote themselves to sensing the authentic (真实的) local lifestyle. From sipping morning tea in old quarters to bargaining at wet markets, these travelers seek real life experience 2 is rooted in local life. This travel style centered on daily life 3 (become) increasingly fashionable in recent years. To attract overseas visitors, China has bettered related travel policies, 4 (make) it much easier for foreigners to travel. Improved payment systems and service support bring far 5 (great) convenience to foreign travelers. For example, mobile payment apps now accept international bank cards, and real-time translation tools are widely available. The popularity of such in-depth travel shows people’s heartfelt 6 (admire) for the cultural value hidden behind. Most visitors are tired of sightseeing and eager 7 (seek) cultural experience beyond popular scenic spots. Most travelers prefer to discover local customs and traditions 8 their own speed, wandering through alleyways (小巷), tasting street food, and chatting with residents. In the long run, visitors will truly feel the charm 9 (bury) in the local life across China. This shift from sightseeing to in-depth experience marks 10 new chapter in China’s tourism, promising more meaningful and memorable journeys. $