内容正文:
Unit 6 A Look into the Past(复习讲义)
复习要点
1.核心语法(重中之重):情态动词表推测。掌握 must(极有可能)、may/might/could(有可能)、can't(绝不可能)的语气层级;区分对现在状态(must be)与过去情况(must have done)的推测结构。易错点:否定推测禁用 mustn't,需用 can't;might/could 语气更委婉,表把握较小的推断。
2.核心词汇:熟记考古话题高频词(artefact, civilization, archaeologist 等);掌握 pound、trade、aim、repair 的名动两用一词多义;巩固 bring...to life 等固定搭配。
复习重难点
核心重点:是情态动词表推测,需掌握 must(极有可能)、may/might/could(有可能)、can't(绝不可能)的语气层级,区分对现在状态与过去情况的推测结构。难点是精准把握不同情态动词的肯定程度,高频易错点是否定推测只能用 can't,不可用表 “禁止” 的 mustn't。
词汇重点:考古主题核心词汇,以及 pound、trade、aim、repair 的名动两用一词多义,还有 bring...to life、dig up 等固定搭配。难点是结合语境准确判断多义词的词性与词义,以及历史文物类专有名词的识记运用。
难点:
1. 一词多义兼词性转换:pound、trade、aim、repair等词兼具名词、动词两种词性,不同语境下词义和词性判断难度大,变形类题型中容易出错。
2. 考古类专有词汇密集:artefact、civilization、archaeologist等学术类生词,加上三星堆、玛雅文明等文化专有名词,识记和灵活运用的门槛较高。
单元考点:单词、短语、句型
知识点1:That could be a mummy! 那可能是一具木乃伊!
【知识点】could /kʊd/ 情态动词
核心用法:它是can的过去式形式,但本句中不表示过去时态,而是用来表达可能性较低的推测,语气比can更委婉、更不确定,翻译为 “可能、也许”。
例句:
It could get cold tonight, so take a coat. 今晚可能会变冷,带上件外套吧。
This story could be true, but I still doubt it. 这个故事可能是真的,但我还是有点怀疑。
【即时小练】
—Listen! Is someone crying in the next room?
—It ____ be someone crying. It could just be the TV.
A. mustn't B. can't C. couldn't D. won't
知识点2:It can't be very heavy. 它不可能很重。
【知识点】
1. can't 情态动词 can 的否定形式
核心用法:本句中表有把握的否定推测,意为 “不可能、肯定不”,是初三情态动词模块的核心考点。
拓展用法:还可表示 “没有能力做某事”“不被允许做某事”,需结合语境区分含义。
例句:
表推测:That can't be Lisa—she has longer hair.(那不可能是莉萨,她的头发更长。)
表能力:I can't work out this math problem by myself.(我自己解不出这道数学题。)
表允许:You can't eat snacks in the school library.(你不可以在学校图书馆吃零食。)
2.heavy /ˈhevi/ 形容词
核心词义:重的;沉的,用于描述事物的重量。
词形变化:比较级 heavier,最高级 heaviest;反义词 light(轻的)。
常考搭配:heavy rain 大雨;heavy traffic 拥堵的交通;a heavy schoolbag 沉重的书包
例句:
The desk is too heavy for us to carry.(这张桌子太重了,我们搬不动。)
We were late because of the heavy traffic.(我们因为交通拥堵迟到了。)
【即时小练】
1.—Is that boy your classmate Jack?
—It ____ be him. Jack went to visit his grandparents in the countryside yesterday.
A. mustn't B. can't C. may not D. needn't
2.根据汉语意思补全句子
这个书包不可能很重,里面只有几本练习册。
This schoolbag ____ ____ very ____. There are only a few exercise books in it.
知识点3:It's believed she must have lived a wealthy life. 人们认为她生前一定过着富足的生活。
【知识点】
1. believe /bɪˈliːv/ 动词 核心词义:相信;认为
词形变化:过去式 / 过去分词 believed;名词形式 belief(信念)
考点搭配:
It's believed that... 人们认为……(高频句型)
结构公式:It + be + 动词过去分词 + that从句
必背同类句型
It's said that... 据说……
It's reported that... 据报道……
It's known that... 众所周知……
It's thought that... 大家认为……
例句:
It's reported that a new subway line will open next month. 据报道下个月将开通一条新地铁。
It's known that pandas are a symbol of China. 众所周知,熊猫是中国的象征。
2.must have done 对过去的肯定推测
这是情态动词的完成式结构,用来对过去已经发生的动作或存在的状态做出把握极大的肯定推测,翻译为 “一定(已经)做了某事”“想必曾经……”。
结构公式:must + have + 动词过去分词
例句:The ground is all wet. It must have rained heavily last night. 地面全湿了,昨晚一定下过大雨。
注意:表过去的否定推测绝对不能用mustn't have done,mustn't只能表示 “禁止、不允许”,过去的否定推测必须用can't have done。
例句:He can't have finished the work so quickly. It's too difficult. 他不可能这么快就完成工作,这
【即时小练】
练习 1:单项选择
—Why didn't Lucy come to the party yesterday?
—She ____ about it. I saw her travel photo on WeChat.
A. mustn't know B. mustn't have known C. can't know D. can't have known
练习 2:根据汉语补全句子
据说明天会有一场英语演讲比赛。
____ ____ ____ there will be an English speech contest tomorrow.
知识点4:Ancient Chinese people must have been really good at making silk clothing. 古代中国人一定非常擅长制作丝绸衣物。
【知识点】
be good at 固定短语
核心含义:擅长……;在…… 方面做得好,后接名词、代词或动名词(doing 形式)
考点拓展:同义短语 do well in;反义短语 be poor at / be weak in
【即时小练】
她小时候一定很擅长跳舞,还拿过很多比赛奖项。
She ____ ____ ____ good at ____ when she was a kid. She won many competition prizes.
知识点5:Thousands of gold, bronze and jade objects were found underground. 地下出土了数以千计的金、青铜和玉器。
【知识点】
1. thousands of 固定数词短语
核心含义:数以千计的;成千上万的,后接可数名词复数,表模糊的大量数量。
前面有具体数字(如 one, five)时,thousand用单数形式,不加 of,直接加名词复数。
前面无具体数字、表模糊数量时,用thousands of,thousand 必须加 s 且搭配 of。
同类拓展:hundred(百)、million(百万)、billion(十亿)用法完全一致。
例句:
The new library has five thousand books. 这座新图书馆有五千本藏书。(具体数字,单数无 of)
Thousands of visitors come to the Mogao Caves every year. 每年有成千上万的游客来到莫高窟。(模糊数量,加 s 加 of)
2.一般过去时的被动语态(初三核心语法)
结构公式:主语(动作的承受者) + was/were + 及物动词的过去分词
主语为单数用 was,复数用 were
用法场景:
不知道动作的执行者是谁(本句无需说明是谁发现了文物)
不需要强调执行者,只突出动作的承受者
考古发现、新闻报道、客观说明等正式文本常用被动语态
例句:
The Great Wall was built over 2000 years ago. 长城建于两千多年前。
Many trees were planted on the mountain last March. 去年三月山上种了很多树。
【即时小练】
练习 1:单项选择
Lots of ancient gold masks ____ in the Sanxingdui Ruins several years ago.
A. found B. are found C. were found D. have found
练习 2:根据汉语意思补全句子
成千上万的文物在这座地下陵墓中被发现。
____ ____ cultural ____ were ____ in this underground tomb.
知识点6:They might also have developed the skill of making silk. 他们或许还掌握了制丝技艺。
【知识点】
1.might have done对过去的可能性推测
结构公式:might + have + 动词过去分词
用来对过去已经发生的动作或存在的状态做出把握不大的肯定推测,翻译为 “或许已经……、可能曾经……”,是对过去情况的猜测,确定性较低。
易错提醒:
might have done的否定形式是might not have done,意为 “或许没做某事”,推测的把握性很小;注意和can't have done(不可能做了某事,语气非常确定)明确区分,不能混淆。
例句:
He might have gone to the library, but I’m not sure. 他或许去图书馆了,但我不确定。
She can't have left school so early. The class isn't over yet. 她不可能这么早就离校了,还没下课呢。
2.of + 动名词作后置定语
用法精讲:“the + 名词 + of + 动名词(doing)” 结构中,of + doing作后置定语,用来修饰前面的名词,说明这个名词的具体内容或所属关系。
本句中of making silk就是后置定语,修饰skill,明确是 “制作丝绸” 的技能。
初三高频同类结构
the way of doing sth. 做某事的方法
the importance of doing sth. 做某事的重要性
the art of doing sth. 做某事的艺术 / 技艺
例句:
The way of improving your English is to keep reading every day. 提高英语的方法是每天坚持阅读。
We should realize the importance of saving water. 我们应该意识到节约用水的重要性。
【即时小练】
练习 1:单项选择
—Where did Lily go last weekend?
—I don’t know exactly. She ____ to visit her grandma in the countryside.
A. might go B. might have gone C. must go D. can't have gone
练习 2:根据汉语意思补全句子
制作陶瓷的技艺需要很多年的练习才能掌握。
The ____ of ____ pottery needs many years of practice to master.
知识点7:The museum is looking for more ways to bring the past back to life. 博物馆正在探索更多让历史重现生机的方式。
【知识点】
1. look for 固定动词短语
核心含义:寻找;寻求,本句中引申为 “探索、探寻”,侧重寻找的动作过程。
初三考点辨析:look for vs find
look for:强调 “寻找” 的动作和过程,不涉及结果
find:强调 “找到、发现” 的最终结果
例句:
The little boy is looking for his toy car in the living room. 小男孩正在客厅里找他的玩具车。
I looked for my notebook everywhere, but I didn't find it. 我到处找我的笔记本,但没找到。
2.bring ... back to life
核心含义:使…… 恢复生机;使…… 重现活力,本句中引申为 “让历史鲜活再现、重焕生机”。
词形变化:bring 的过去式 / 过去分词为 brought
拓展搭配:bring back 带回;使回想起
例句:The spring rain brought the withered flowers back to life. 春雨让枯萎的花朵恢复了生机。
3.不定式作后置定语
动词不定式(to do)可以放在名词后面作后置定语,用来修饰前面的名词,说明这个名词的用途、具体内容或要执行的动作。
本句中to bring the past back to life就是不定式短语,修饰前面的ways,明确是 “让历史重现生机的” 方法。
初三必背高频结构
a good way to do sth. 做某事的好方法
a chance to do sth. 做某事的机会
something to drink 一些喝的
time to have class 上课的时间
例句:
I have a lot of homework to finish this weekend. 这周末我有很多作业要完成。
The summer camp is a great chance to make new friends. 这次夏令营是结交新朋友的好机会。
4.现在进行时
主语 + am/is/are + 动词的现在分词(-ing形式)
用法场景:
表示此时此刻正在进行的动作
例句:Listen! The girl is singing an English song in the next room. 听!那个女孩正在隔壁唱英文歌。(此时此刻正在进行)
表示现阶段正在持续进行的事情(不一定此刻正在做)
例句:Nowadays, many middle school students are learning to play traditional instruments. 如今,很多中学生正在学习演奏传统乐器。(现阶段持续进行)
本句就属于第二种用法,强调博物馆现阶段一直在推进 “让历史重现生机” 这件事。
易错点:现在分词变化规则
一般情况直接加 - ing:look → looking
以不发音 e 结尾,去 e 加 - ing:make → making
重读闭音节结尾,双写尾字母加 - ing:run → running
【即时小练】
练习 1:单项选择
—What is our head teacher doing?
—He ____ better ways to help students with their study.
A. finds B. found C. is looking for D. was looking for
练习 2:根据汉语意思补全句子
我们需要更多方法来让古老的传统重焕生机。
We need more ____ to ____ old traditions ____ to life.
知识点8:One of its aims is to show more people these mysteries. 它的目标之一是向更多人展现这些历史奥秘。
【知识点】
1. aim /eɪm/ 名词 & 动词
核心词义:n. 目标;目的;v. 旨在;瞄准
词形变化:名词复数 aims;动词过去式 / 过去分词 aimed
初三考点搭配:
名词:one of the aims 目标之一;achieve one's aim 实现目标
动词:aim to do sth. 旨在做某事
例句:
The main aim of this activity is to protect traditional culture. 本次活动的主要目的是保护传统文化。
This program aims to help poor children return to school. 这个项目旨在帮助贫困儿童重返校园。
2.one of 结构的主谓一致
结构公式:One of + 可数名词复数 + 谓语动词(单数形式)
真正的主语是one(一个),后面的复数名词只是作定语限定范围,因此谓语动词必须用单数。
本句中One of its aims核心主语是 one,所以系动词用单数is,而非 are。
易错提醒
很多同学看到后面的复数名词就误用复数谓语,这是单选题的高频陷阱。
例句:
One of my best friends is good at playing the guzheng. 我最好的朋友之一擅长弹古筝。
One of the most famous landmarks is the Terracotta Army. 最著名的地标之一是兵马俑。
【即时小练】
练习 1:单项选择
One of the reasons why people love the museum ____ it hides lots of amazing ancient mysteries.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
练习 2:根据汉语意思补全句子
他的目标之一是向更多人展示中国传统剪纸的魅力。
One of his ____ is ____ ____ more people the beauty of Chinese traditional paper-cutting.
单元语法:情态动词推测
【知识点1】
对现在 / 将来情况的推测
基础结构:情态动词 + 动词原形(be 动词 / 实义动词原形)
情态动词
推测语气
适用句式
核心含义
中考易错提醒
must
最强(几乎确定)
仅肯定句
一定、肯定
否定推测绝对不能用 mustn't,mustn't 只表 “禁止”
may
中等
肯定句、否定句(may not 可能不)
可能、也许
语气比 could、might 更确定
could
较弱
肯定 / 否定 / 疑问句均可
可能、大概
不表过去时态,仅让语气更委婉
might
最弱(最不确定)
肯定句、否定句
或许、大概
语气最委婉,把握性最小
can't
最强否定
否定句、疑问句
不可能、肯定不
是 must 的否定形式,表 100% 的否定判断
例句:
1.This gold mask must be a treasure of the ancient kingdom.
这个金面具肯定是古王国的珍宝。
2.The strange stone may be a tool used by ancient farmers.
这块怪石可能是古代农民使用的工具。
3.I guess the pottery jar might be used to hold wine 3000 years ago.
我猜这个陶罐三千年前或许是用来装酒的。
4.That can't be real jade. It’s much too light.
那不可能是真玉,它太轻了。
【知识点2】
对过去情况的推测
基础结构:情态动词 + have + 动词过去分词
用来对过去已经发生的动作、已经存在的状态做推测,是中考重难点。
结构
推测语气
核心含义
must have done
最强肯定
过去一定做了某事
may have done
中等肯定
过去可能做了某事
might/could have done
较弱肯定
过去或许做了某事
can't have done
最强否定
过去不可能做了某事
例句:
1.The tomb must have been built for a royal family member.
这座陵墓一定是为王室成员建造的。
2.The silk might have been traded to Persia through the Silk Road.
丝绸或许通过丝绸之路被贸易到了波斯。
3.They can't have found the secret chamber so easily.
他们不可能这么轻易就找到了密室。
中考高频易错点
mustn't 不表推测:只能表示 “禁止、不允许”,表否定推测必须用can't。
❌ 错误:You mustn't be tired. You just rested for an hour.
✅ 正确:You can't be tired. You just rested for an hour.
你不可能累,你刚休息了一小时。
can 表推测的限制:can 表推测时,通常只用于否定句和疑问句;肯定句中 can 只表 “客观上的可能性”,不表示对具体事件的推测。
例:Ancient coins can be very valuable.(客观属性)古钱币可能会很有价值。
could/might 不表过去:表推测时,could 和 might 不表示过去时态,只是语气比 can、may 更委婉、更不确定。
【即时小练】
1.单项选择(基础推测辨析)
—Is that man our history teacher?
—It ____ be him. He has gone to visit the Sanxingdui Museum.
A. mustn't B. can't C. might D. must
2.单项选择(易错点:mustn't vs can't)
You ____ touch the ancient bronze on show. It’s against the rules.
A. can't B. mustn't C. may not D. needn't
3.语法填空(对过去的推测)
The vase is lying in pieces on the ground. My little brother must ____ (drop) it just now.
4.选词填空(语气匹配)
从方框中选合适的词填空(每词限用一次)
must, might, can't
—Whose stone carving is this?
—It ____ be Li Hua’s. He loves collecting ancient artworks.
—It ____ be his. He told me he didn’t have this one.
—Then it ____ be Zhang Wei’s. I’m not 100% sure.
5.句型转换(否定推测转换)
Many people think the tomb must be the king's.(改为否定推测句)
Many people think the tomb ____ ____ the king's.
6.完成句子(汉译英)
古代中国人可能已经掌握了制作青铜器的技艺。
Ancient Chinese people ____ ____ mastered the skill of making bronze objects.
7.单项选择(过去推测辨析)
—I didn’t see you at the archaeological site yesterday.
— I ____ there, but I had a fever and stayed at home.
A. must have been B. might have been C. can't have been D. need have been
8.从方框中选最佳选项补全对话(有两项多余)
A. must B. might C. can't D. should E. have to
A: Do you know who broke the ancient bowl?
B: It ___ be John. He was the only one in the room just now.
A: It ___ be him. He is always very careful with old things.
B: Well, who else could it be?
A: It ___ be Mike. He ran out of the room in a hurry just now.
一、单项选择题。
1.—Is that gold mask from the Shang Dynasty?
—It ____ be. It has a pattern that didn’t appear until the Han Dynasty.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. might D. could
2.The man working at the dig site ____ be a senior archaeologist. He has published many papers on ancient Chinese bronzes.
A. must B. may C. might D. can’t
3.The silk found in the tomb ____ to India through the Silk Road thousands of years ago.
A. might trade B. must be traded
C. might have been traded D. can have traded
4.A large number of jade objects in the tomb show the owner was a very ____ person.
A. unique B. wealthy C. skilled D. ancient
5.The new exhibition tries to ____ ancient Egyptian culture ____ to young visitors.
A. bring; back B. bring; to life C. take; to life D. make; live
6.You ____ touch the fragile ancient pottery in the museum. It’s against the rules.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. may not D. needn’t
7.Scientists have found new ____ that the ancient people used tools to make fire.
A. evidence B. aim C. remains D. statue
8.____ people visit the Terracotta Army every year.
A. Million of B. Millions of C. Three millions D. Three million of
9.The craftsman is ____ repairing ancient bronze vessels.
A. good at B. skilled in C. well in D. expert at
10.The main ____ of the project is to protect the underground cultural remains.
A. trade B. aim C. shadow D. era
二、根据汉语意思完成单词,每空一词,注意单词拼写与词性。
1.An ____ (考古学家) is a person who studies ancient societies by examining remains and relics.
2.The ____ (富有的) businessman donated a lot of money to the museum.
3.This kind of special ____ (服装) is made of silk and cotton.
4.Workers need about one month to ____ (修理) the ancient wooden building.
5.Each bronze mask in Sanxingdui is ____ (独特的) — no two are the same.
6.There is no clear ____ (证据) to show how the Stonehenge was built.
7.A huge stone ____ (雕像) stands at the gate of the museum.
8.The ancient city was ____ (地下的) for thousands of years before being discovered.
9.The primary ____ (目标) of the activity is to raise people’s awareness of cultural protection.
10.China’s ____ (贸易) with Central Asia dates back to the Han Dynasty.
三、用所给词的适当形式填空,注意词性转换、时态、数的变化。
1.The ____ (wealth) king built many palaces and temples in ancient times.
2.The workers are highly ____ (skill) at carving stone into different shapes.
3.The discovery is ____ (high) important for the study of ancient history.
4.____ (million) of ancient coins were found in the underground tomb.
5.The team made a great ____ (archaeology) discovery in the remote area.
6.It is ____ (like) that the ancient painting can be fully repaired. It’s too badly damaged.
7.The archaeologists ____ (dig) out a complete jade mask from the pit last week.
8.The ____ (carve) patterns on the bronze pot are very fine and beautiful.
9.The Terracotta Army is a ____ (world) wonder of ancient Chinese art.
10.Most people are not ____ (aware) of the importance of protecting old books.
四、根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词,注意短语搭配与语法结构。
1.数以百万计的游客每年参观举世闻名的兵马俑。
____ ____ visitors visit the ____ Terracotta Army every year.
2.博物馆的目标之一是让古代文明重焕生机。
One of the museum’s ____ is ____ ____ ancient civilizations back to life.
3.古代中国人一定非常精通制作丝绸的技艺。
Ancient Chinese people ____ ____ very skilled at the skill of making silk.
4.据说这些遗迹可以追溯到青铜时代。
____ ____ ____ these remains date back to the Bronze Age.
5.这些玉器可能是通过贸易被带到中国的。
These jade objects ____ ____ ____ brought to China through trade.
6.修复一本古籍可能要花费好几年的时间。
It ____ take years ____ repair one ancient book.
7.图坦卡蒙国王的死因可能和一种疾病有关。
King Tut’s death ____ ____ related to an illness.
8.我们应该意识到保护文化遗产的重要性。
We should ____ ____ ____ the importance of protecting cultural relics.
9.那个坑里出土了大量的青铜器物。
Lots of bronze objects ____ ____ in the ____ underground.
10那不可能是真正的金面具,它太轻了。
That ____ ____ a real gold mask. It’s much too light.
四、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Sanxingdui is one of the most famous archaeological sites in China. Last month, 1. new research showed that more than 1,000 ancient objects 2. (find) in a new underground pit.
The objects include gold masks, bronze vessels and jade works. Scientists believe the owner of the tomb 3 . be a very wealthy person of the ancient Shu Kingdom. “These relics 4 . (certain) have great value for studying the ancient culture,” said one leading 5 . (archaeology).
The local museum has made plans to repair these cultural remains. The 6. (skill) craftsmen say it may take years to bring the damaged relics back to life. One of the main 7. (aim) of the repair project is 8. (help) more people understand the charm of ancient Shu culture.
9. is believed that more hidden secrets will be unlocked with further research. And the new findings will provide strong 10. (evident) for the study of early Chinese civilization.
6
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Unit 6 A Look into the Past(复习讲义)
复习要点
1.核心语法(重中之重):情态动词表推测。掌握 must(极有可能)、may/might/could(有可能)、can't(绝不可能)的语气层级;区分对现在状态(must be)与过去情况(must have done)的推测结构。易错点:否定推测禁用 mustn't,需用 can't;might/could 语气更委婉,表把握较小的推断。
2.核心词汇:熟记考古话题高频词(artefact, civilization, archaeologist 等);掌握 pound、trade、aim、repair 的名动两用一词多义;巩固 bring...to life 等固定搭配。
复习重难点
核心重点:是情态动词表推测,需掌握 must(极有可能)、may/might/could(有可能)、can't(绝不可能)的语气层级,区分对现在状态与过去情况的推测结构。难点是精准把握不同情态动词的肯定程度,高频易错点是否定推测只能用 can't,不可用表 “禁止” 的 mustn't。
词汇重点:考古主题核心词汇,以及 pound、trade、aim、repair 的名动两用一词多义,还有 bring...to life、dig up 等固定搭配。难点是结合语境准确判断多义词的词性与词义,以及历史文物类专有名词的识记运用。
难点:
1. 一词多义兼词性转换:pound、trade、aim、repair等词兼具名词、动词两种词性,不同语境下词义和词性判断难度大,变形类题型中容易出错。
2. 考古类专有词汇密集:artefact、civilization、archaeologist等学术类生词,加上三星堆、玛雅文明等文化专有名词,识记和灵活运用的门槛较高。
单元考点:单词、短语、句型
知识点1:That could be a mummy! 那可能是一具木乃伊!
【知识点】could /kʊd/ 情态动词
核心用法:它是can的过去式形式,但本句中不表示过去时态,而是用来表达可能性较低的推测,语气比can更委婉、更不确定,翻译为 “可能、也许”。
例句:
It could get cold tonight, so take a coat. 今晚可能会变冷,带上件外套吧。
This story could be true, but I still doubt it. 这个故事可能是真的,但我还是有点怀疑。
【即时小练】
—Listen! Is someone crying in the next room?
—It ____ be someone crying. It could just be the TV.
A. mustn't B. can't C. couldn't D. won't
【答案】A
【详解】本题考查情态动词表推测的用法。根据后一句 “可能只是电视的声音”,可知前一句是把握不大的否定推测,意为 “不太可能是有人在哭”。
A选项mustn't意为 “禁止”,不能用来表推测,排除;
B选项can't表 “不可能”,语气非常确定,和后文 “could just be” 的不确定语气矛盾,排除;
D选项won't意为 “不会”,表将来的意愿,不表推测判断,排除;
C选项couldn't是 could 的否定形式,表把握不大的否定推测 “不太可能”,符合语境。
知识点2:It can't be very heavy. 它不可能很重。
【知识点】
1. can't 情态动词 can 的否定形式
核心用法:本句中表有把握的否定推测,意为 “不可能、肯定不”,是初三情态动词模块的核心考点。
拓展用法:还可表示 “没有能力做某事”“不被允许做某事”,需结合语境区分含义。
例句:
表推测:That can't be Lisa—she has longer hair.(那不可能是莉萨,她的头发更长。)
表能力:I can't work out this math problem by myself.(我自己解不出这道数学题。)
表允许:You can't eat snacks in the school library.(你不可以在学校图书馆吃零食。)
2.heavy /ˈhevi/ 形容词
核心词义:重的;沉的,用于描述事物的重量。
词形变化:比较级 heavier,最高级 heaviest;反义词 light(轻的)。
常考搭配:heavy rain 大雨;heavy traffic 拥堵的交通;a heavy schoolbag 沉重的书包
例句:
The desk is too heavy for us to carry.(这张桌子太重了,我们搬不动。)
We were late because of the heavy traffic.(我们因为交通拥堵迟到了。)
【即时小练】
1.—Is that boy your classmate Jack?
—It ____ be him. Jack went to visit his grandparents in the countryside yesterday.
A. mustn't B. can't C. may not D. needn't
【答案】B
【详解】本题考查情态动词表推测的用法。根据后一句 “杰克昨天去乡下看望爷爷奶奶了”,可知说话人对 “那个男孩不是杰克” 这件事把握极大,是明确的否定推测。
A 选项mustn't意为 “禁止、不准”,不表示推测,是高频易错项,排除;
B 选项can't表有把握的否定推测,意为 “不可能”,完全符合语境;
C 选项may not意为 “可能不”,推测的把握性很低,和后文明确的事实矛盾,排除;
D 选项needn't意为 “不必”,不表达推测含义,排除。
2.根据汉语意思补全句子
这个书包不可能很重,里面只有几本练习册。
This schoolbag ____ ____ very ____. There are only a few exercise books in it.
【答案】can't be; heavy
【详解】“不可能” 用表否定推测的can't,后接系动词原形be;“重的” 用形容词heavy,和very搭配构成形容词短语作表语,构成完整的主系表结构,符合句意和语法规则。
知识点3:It's believed she must have lived a wealthy life. 人们认为她生前一定过着富足的生活。
【知识点】
1. believe /bɪˈliːv/ 动词 核心词义:相信;认为
词形变化:过去式 / 过去分词 believed;名词形式 belief(信念)
考点搭配:
It's believed that... 人们认为……(高频句型)
结构公式:It + be + 动词过去分词 + that从句
必背同类句型
It's said that... 据说……
It's reported that... 据报道……
It's known that... 众所周知……
It's thought that... 大家认为……
例句:
It's reported that a new subway line will open next month. 据报道下个月将开通一条新地铁。
It's known that pandas are a symbol of China. 众所周知,熊猫是中国的象征。
2.must have done 对过去的肯定推测
这是情态动词的完成式结构,用来对过去已经发生的动作或存在的状态做出把握极大的肯定推测,翻译为 “一定(已经)做了某事”“想必曾经……”。
结构公式:must + have + 动词过去分词
例句:The ground is all wet. It must have rained heavily last night. 地面全湿了,昨晚一定下过大雨。
注意:表过去的否定推测绝对不能用mustn't have done,mustn't只能表示 “禁止、不允许”,过去的否定推测必须用can't have done。
例句:He can't have finished the work so quickly. It's too difficult. 他不可能这么快就完成工作,这
【即时小练】
练习 1:单项选择
—Why didn't Lucy come to the party yesterday?
—She ____ about it. I saw her travel photo on WeChat.
A. mustn't know B. mustn't have known C. can't know D. can't have known
【答案】D
【详解】本题考查情态动词对过去的推测。根据问句中的yesterday和后一句 “我在微信上看到了她的旅行照片”,可知是对 “露西昨天不知道派对” 这件过去的事做出有把握的否定推测。
A、B 选项的mustn't只能表示 “禁止”,不能用来表推测,直接排除;
C 选项can't know是对现在的否定推测,不符合 “昨天” 的过去时间语境,排除;
D 选项can't have known是对过去的否定推测,意为 “不可能知道”,完全符合语境和语法规则。
练习 2:根据汉语补全句子
据说明天会有一场英语演讲比赛。
____ ____ ____ there will be an English speech contest tomorrow.
【答案】It's said that
【详解】本题考查形式主语句型。“据说” 对应的固定句型是It's said that...,用it作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的 that 从句,是初三句型转换和补全句子的高频考点。
知识点4:Ancient Chinese people must have been really good at making silk clothing. 古代中国人一定非常擅长制作丝绸衣物。
【知识点】
be good at 固定短语
核心含义:擅长……;在…… 方面做得好,后接名词、代词或动名词(doing 形式)
考点拓展:同义短语 do well in;反义短语 be poor at / be weak in
【即时小练】
她小时候一定很擅长跳舞,还拿过很多比赛奖项。
She ____ ____ ____ good at ____ when she was a kid. She won many competition prizes.
【答案】must have been; dancing
【详解】“一定(曾经)擅长” 对应对过去的肯定推测,用must have been good at结构;“跳舞” 是动词,跟在介词at后面需要变为动名词dancing,符合 “介词后接动名词” 的语法规则。
知识点5:Thousands of gold, bronze and jade objects were found underground. 地下出土了数以千计的金、青铜和玉器。
【知识点】
1. thousands of 固定数词短语
核心含义:数以千计的;成千上万的,后接可数名词复数,表模糊的大量数量。
前面有具体数字(如 one, five)时,thousand用单数形式,不加 of,直接加名词复数。
前面无具体数字、表模糊数量时,用thousands of,thousand 必须加 s 且搭配 of。
同类拓展:hundred(百)、million(百万)、billion(十亿)用法完全一致。
例句:
The new library has five thousand books. 这座新图书馆有五千本藏书。(具体数字,单数无 of)
Thousands of visitors come to the Mogao Caves every year. 每年有成千上万的游客来到莫高窟。(模糊数量,加 s 加 of)
2.一般过去时的被动语态(初三核心语法)
结构公式:主语(动作的承受者) + was/were + 及物动词的过去分词
主语为单数用 was,复数用 were
用法场景:
不知道动作的执行者是谁(本句无需说明是谁发现了文物)
不需要强调执行者,只突出动作的承受者
考古发现、新闻报道、客观说明等正式文本常用被动语态
例句:
The Great Wall was built over 2000 years ago. 长城建于两千多年前。
Many trees were planted on the mountain last March. 去年三月山上种了很多树。
【即时小练】
练习 1:单项选择
Lots of ancient gold masks ____ in the Sanxingdui Ruins several years ago.
A. found B. are found C. were found D. have found
【答案】C
【详解】本题考查一般过去时的被动语态。句子主语是 ancient gold masks(古代金面具),是动作 “发现” 的承受者,需用被动语态;时间标志 several years ago 表示过去,因此用一般过去时的被动结构 were + 过去分词 found。
A 选项 found 是主动形式过去式,主语无法主动发出 “发现” 的动作,排除;
B 选项 are found 是一般现在时的被动,不符合过去的时间语境,排除;
C 选项 were found 是一般过去时的被动语态,符合语法和语境;
D 选项 have found 是现在完成时主动形式,语态和时态均不符合,排除。
练习 2:根据汉语意思补全句子
成千上万的文物在这座地下陵墓中被发现。
____ ____ cultural ____ were ____ in this underground tomb.
【答案】Thousands of; objects; found
【详解】“成千上万的” 用固定数词短语thousands of,修饰可数名词复数;“文物” 对应cultural objects,object 用复数形式;“被发现” 用过去分词found,构成一般过去时的被动语态。
知识点6:They might also have developed the skill of making silk. 他们或许还掌握了制丝技艺。
【知识点】
1.might have done对过去的可能性推测
结构公式:might + have + 动词过去分词
用来对过去已经发生的动作或存在的状态做出把握不大的肯定推测,翻译为 “或许已经……、可能曾经……”,是对过去情况的猜测,确定性较低。
易错提醒:
might have done的否定形式是might not have done,意为 “或许没做某事”,推测的把握性很小;注意和can't have done(不可能做了某事,语气非常确定)明确区分,不能混淆。
例句:
He might have gone to the library, but I’m not sure. 他或许去图书馆了,但我不确定。
She can't have left school so early. The class isn't over yet. 她不可能这么早就离校了,还没下课呢。
2.of + 动名词作后置定语
用法精讲:“the + 名词 + of + 动名词(doing)” 结构中,of + doing作后置定语,用来修饰前面的名词,说明这个名词的具体内容或所属关系。
本句中of making silk就是后置定语,修饰skill,明确是 “制作丝绸” 的技能。
初三高频同类结构
the way of doing sth. 做某事的方法
the importance of doing sth. 做某事的重要性
the art of doing sth. 做某事的艺术 / 技艺
例句:
The way of improving your English is to keep reading every day. 提高英语的方法是每天坚持阅读。
We should realize the importance of saving water. 我们应该意识到节约用水的重要性。
【即时小练】
练习 1:单项选择
—Where did Lily go last weekend?
—I don’t know exactly. She ____ to visit her grandma in the countryside.
A. might go B. might have gone C. must go D. can't have gone
【答案】B
【详解】本题考查情态动词对过去的推测。根据问句中的时间last weekend可知,是对过去发生的动作进行推测;再根据前一句 “I don’t know exactly(我不太清楚)” 可知,推测的把握性很小。
A 选项might go是对现在 / 将来的推测,不符合 “上周末” 的过去时间语境,排除;
B 选项might have gone是对过去的把握较小的肯定推测,意为 “或许去了”,符合语境和时态;
C 选项must go表 “必须去”,不表推测,且时态不符,排除;
D 选项can't have gone是对过去的否定推测 “不可能去了”,和句子不确定的肯定语气矛盾,排除。
练习 2:根据汉语意思补全句子
制作陶瓷的技艺需要很多年的练习才能掌握。
The ____ of ____ pottery needs many years of practice to master.
【答案】skill; making
【详解】“技艺” 对应名词skill;“制作陶瓷” 用make pottery,跟在介词of后面需要变为动名词making,构成of making pottery的后置定语结构,修饰前面的skill,符合语法规则。
知识点7:The museum is looking for more ways to bring the past back to life. 博物馆正在探索更多让历史重现生机的方式。
【知识点】
1. look for 固定动词短语
核心含义:寻找;寻求,本句中引申为 “探索、探寻”,侧重寻找的动作过程。
初三考点辨析:look for vs find
look for:强调 “寻找” 的动作和过程,不涉及结果
find:强调 “找到、发现” 的最终结果
例句:
The little boy is looking for his toy car in the living room. 小男孩正在客厅里找他的玩具车。
I looked for my notebook everywhere, but I didn't find it. 我到处找我的笔记本,但没找到。
2.bring ... back to life
核心含义:使…… 恢复生机;使…… 重现活力,本句中引申为 “让历史鲜活再现、重焕生机”。
词形变化:bring 的过去式 / 过去分词为 brought
拓展搭配:bring back 带回;使回想起
例句:The spring rain brought the withered flowers back to life. 春雨让枯萎的花朵恢复了生机。
3.不定式作后置定语
动词不定式(to do)可以放在名词后面作后置定语,用来修饰前面的名词,说明这个名词的用途、具体内容或要执行的动作。
本句中to bring the past back to life就是不定式短语,修饰前面的ways,明确是 “让历史重现生机的” 方法。
初三必背高频结构
a good way to do sth. 做某事的好方法
a chance to do sth. 做某事的机会
something to drink 一些喝的
time to have class 上课的时间
例句:
I have a lot of homework to finish this weekend. 这周末我有很多作业要完成。
The summer camp is a great chance to make new friends. 这次夏令营是结交新朋友的好机会。
4.现在进行时
主语 + am/is/are + 动词的现在分词(-ing形式)
用法场景:
表示此时此刻正在进行的动作
例句:Listen! The girl is singing an English song in the next room. 听!那个女孩正在隔壁唱英文歌。(此时此刻正在进行)
表示现阶段正在持续进行的事情(不一定此刻正在做)
例句:Nowadays, many middle school students are learning to play traditional instruments. 如今,很多中学生正在学习演奏传统乐器。(现阶段持续进行)
本句就属于第二种用法,强调博物馆现阶段一直在推进 “让历史重现生机” 这件事。
易错点:现在分词变化规则
一般情况直接加 - ing:look → looking
以不发音 e 结尾,去 e 加 - ing:make → making
重读闭音节结尾,双写尾字母加 - ing:run → running
【即时小练】
练习 1:单项选择
—What is our head teacher doing?
—He ____ better ways to help students with their study.
A. finds B. found C. is looking for D. was looking for
【答案】C
【详解】本题考查现在进行时和动词辨析。根据问句 “What is our head teacher doing?” 可知,询问的是现在正在进行的动作,需用现在进行时;结合语境 “寻找更好的方法”,侧重探索的动作过程,用look for。
A 选项finds是一般现在时,强调 “找到” 的结果,不符合进行时态和语境,排除;
B 选项found是一般过去时,时态与问句不符,排除;
C 选项is looking for是现在进行时,意为 “正在寻找”,完全符合时态和语境;
D 选项was looking for是过去进行时,和问句的现在时态矛盾,排除。
练习 2:根据汉语意思补全句子
我们需要更多方法来让古老的传统重焕生机。
We need more ____ to ____ old traditions ____ to life.
【答案】ways; bring; back
【详解】“方法” 对应名词way,前面有more(更多的)修饰,需用复数形式ways;“让…… 重焕生机” 对应固定短语bring...back to life,前面有不定式符号to,动词用原形bring,构成不定式短语作后置定语修饰ways,符合语法规则和句意。
知识点8:One of its aims is to show more people these mysteries. 它的目标之一是向更多人展现这些历史奥秘。
【知识点】
1. aim /eɪm/ 名词 & 动词
核心词义:n. 目标;目的;v. 旨在;瞄准
词形变化:名词复数 aims;动词过去式 / 过去分词 aimed
初三考点搭配:
名词:one of the aims 目标之一;achieve one's aim 实现目标
动词:aim to do sth. 旨在做某事
例句:
The main aim of this activity is to protect traditional culture. 本次活动的主要目的是保护传统文化。
This program aims to help poor children return to school. 这个项目旨在帮助贫困儿童重返校园。
2.one of 结构的主谓一致
结构公式:One of + 可数名词复数 + 谓语动词(单数形式)
真正的主语是one(一个),后面的复数名词只是作定语限定范围,因此谓语动词必须用单数。
本句中One of its aims核心主语是 one,所以系动词用单数is,而非 are。
易错提醒
很多同学看到后面的复数名词就误用复数谓语,这是单选题的高频陷阱。
例句:
One of my best friends is good at playing the guzheng. 我最好的朋友之一擅长弹古筝。
One of the most famous landmarks is the Terracotta Army. 最著名的地标之一是兵马俑。
【即时小练】
练习 1:单项选择
One of the reasons why people love the museum ____ it hides lots of amazing ancient mysteries.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
【答案】A
【详解】本题考查 one of 结构的主谓一致和时态。句子主语核心是 One of the reasons,真正主语是 one,为单数,因此谓语动词用单数形式;句子描述客观事实,用一般现在时。
B、D 选项为复数谓语,不符合主谓一致规则,排除;
C 选项为一般过去时,不符合客观事实的语境,排除;
A 选项is为一般现在时单数形式,完全符合语法和语境。
练习 2:根据汉语意思补全句子
他的目标之一是向更多人展示中国传统剪纸的魅力。
One of his ____ is ____ ____ more people the beauty of Chinese traditional paper-cutting.
【答案】aims; to show
【详解】“目标之一” 对应one of his aims,of 后接可数名词复数aims;“向…… 展示” 用动词show,此处用不定式to show作表语,说明主语 aim 的具体内容,符合 “主语是表目标的抽象名词时,用不定式作表语” 的语法规则。
单元语法:情态动词推测
【知识点1】
对现在 / 将来情况的推测
基础结构:情态动词 + 动词原形(be 动词 / 实义动词原形)
情态动词
推测语气
适用句式
核心含义
中考易错提醒
must
最强(几乎确定)
仅肯定句
一定、肯定
否定推测绝对不能用 mustn't,mustn't 只表 “禁止”
may
中等
肯定句、否定句(may not 可能不)
可能、也许
语气比 could、might 更确定
could
较弱
肯定 / 否定 / 疑问句均可
可能、大概
不表过去时态,仅让语气更委婉
might
最弱(最不确定)
肯定句、否定句
或许、大概
语气最委婉,把握性最小
can't
最强否定
否定句、疑问句
不可能、肯定不
是 must 的否定形式,表 100% 的否定判断
例句:
1.This gold mask must be a treasure of the ancient kingdom.
这个金面具肯定是古王国的珍宝。
2.The strange stone may be a tool used by ancient farmers.
这块怪石可能是古代农民使用的工具。
3.I guess the pottery jar might be used to hold wine 3000 years ago.
我猜这个陶罐三千年前或许是用来装酒的。
4.That can't be real jade. It’s much too light.
那不可能是真玉,它太轻了。
【知识点2】
对过去情况的推测
基础结构:情态动词 + have + 动词过去分词
用来对过去已经发生的动作、已经存在的状态做推测,是中考重难点。
结构
推测语气
核心含义
must have done
最强肯定
过去一定做了某事
may have done
中等肯定
过去可能做了某事
might/could have done
较弱肯定
过去或许做了某事
can't have done
最强否定
过去不可能做了某事
例句:
1.The tomb must have been built for a royal family member.
这座陵墓一定是为王室成员建造的。
2.The silk might have been traded to Persia through the Silk Road.
丝绸或许通过丝绸之路被贸易到了波斯。
3.They can't have found the secret chamber so easily.
他们不可能这么轻易就找到了密室。
中考高频易错点
mustn't 不表推测:只能表示 “禁止、不允许”,表否定推测必须用can't。
❌ 错误:You mustn't be tired. You just rested for an hour.
✅ 正确:You can't be tired. You just rested for an hour.
你不可能累,你刚休息了一小时。
can 表推测的限制:can 表推测时,通常只用于否定句和疑问句;肯定句中 can 只表 “客观上的可能性”,不表示对具体事件的推测。
例:Ancient coins can be very valuable.(客观属性)古钱币可能会很有价值。
could/might 不表过去:表推测时,could 和 might 不表示过去时态,只是语气比 can、may 更委婉、更不确定。
【即时小练】
1.单项选择(基础推测辨析)
—Is that man our history teacher?
—It ____ be him. He has gone to visit the Sanxingdui Museum.
A. mustn't B. can't C. might D. must
【答案】B
【详解】考查情态动词表否定推测。根据后一句 “他去参观三星堆博物馆了”,可知 “那个人不可能是历史老师”,是把握极大的否定推测,用can't。
2.单项选择(易错点:mustn't vs can't)
You ____ touch the ancient bronze on show. It’s against the rules.
A. can't B. mustn't C. may not D. needn't
【答案】B
【详解】考查情态动词词义辨析。根据后一句 “这是违反规定的”,可知是 “禁止触摸展出的青铜器”,表明文禁止的规则,用mustn't。
3.语法填空(对过去的推测)
The vase is lying in pieces on the ground. My little brother must ____ (drop) it just now.
【答案】have dropped
【详解】考查情态动词对过去的推测。must have done是对过去的肯定推测,意为 “一定做了某事”,因此 drop 变为过去分词 dropped,搭配 have。
4.选词填空(语气匹配)
从方框中选合适的词填空(每词限用一次)
must, might, can't
—Whose stone carving is this?
—It ____ be Li Hua’s. He loves collecting ancient artworks.
—It ____ be his. He told me he didn’t have this one.
—Then it ____ be Zhang Wei’s. I’m not 100% sure.
【答案】must; can't; might
【详解】第一空:根据 “他喜欢收藏古艺术品”,是很有把握的肯定推测,用must;
第二空:根据 “他说过他没有这件”,是明确的否定推测,用can't;
第三空:根据 “我不完全确定”,是把握不大的推测,用might。
5.句型转换(否定推测转换)
Many people think the tomb must be the king's.(改为否定推测句)
Many people think the tomb ____ ____ the king's.
【答案】can't be
【详解】考查肯定推测变否定推测。must be(一定是)的否定推测形式是can't be(不可能是),注意不能用 mustn't be。
6.完成句子(汉译英)
古代中国人可能已经掌握了制作青铜器的技艺。
Ancient Chinese people ____ ____ mastered the skill of making bronze objects.
【答案】might have
【详解】考查对过去的可能性推测。“可能已经掌握” 是对过去动作的不确定推测,用might have done结构,符合句意和语法规则。
7.单项选择(过去推测辨析)
—I didn’t see you at the archaeological site yesterday.
— I ____ there, but I had a fever and stayed at home.
A. must have been B. might have been C. can't have been D. need have been
【答案】B
【详解】考查情态动词对过去的推测。根据后一句 “但我发烧待在家了”,可知 “我本来有可能去,但没去成”,是对过去的可能性推测,用might have been。
8.从方框中选最佳选项补全对话(有两项多余)
A. must B. might C. can't D. should E. have to
A: Do you know who broke the ancient bowl?
B: It ___ be John. He was the only one in the room just now.
A: It ___ be him. He is always very careful with old things.
B: Well, who else could it be?
A: It ___ be Mike. He ran out of the room in a hurry just now.
【答案】A; C; B
【详解】第一空:根据 “他是刚才唯一一个在房间里的人”,是很有把握的肯定推测,用must;
第二空:根据 “他对老物件一直很小心”,是否定推测,用can't;
第三空:根据 “他刚才匆忙跑出了房间”,是把握不大的推测,用might。
一、单项选择题。
1.—Is that gold mask from the Shang Dynasty?
—It ____ be. It has a pattern that didn’t appear until the Han Dynasty.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. might D. could
【答案】B
【详解】考查情态动词表否定推测。根据后一句 “它的纹样直到汉代才出现”,可知对 “是商代文物” 这一说法是有把握的否定,用can’t(不可能)。mustn’t仅表 “禁止”,不表推测;might/could表 “可能”,与语境逻辑相反。
2.The man working at the dig site ____ be a senior archaeologist. He has published many papers on ancient Chinese bronzes.
A. must B. may C. might D. can’t
【答案】A
【详解】考查情态动词表肯定推测。根据 “发表过很多中国古代青铜器的论文”,是非常有依据的肯定推测,语气极强,用must(一定)。may/might语气不确定;can’t表否定推测,不符合语境。
3.The silk found in the tomb ____ to India through the Silk Road thousands of years ago.
A. might trade B. must be traded
C. might have been traded D. can have traded
【答案】C
【详解】考查情态动词对过去的被动推测。丝绸是 “被贸易” 的对象,用被动语态;“几千年前” 是过去的动作,且是不确定的推测,用might have been done结构。A 是主动形式,语态错误;B 是对现在的推测,时态不符;D 结构错误,can表推测不用于肯定句描述具体事件。
4.A large number of jade objects in the tomb show the owner was a very ____ person.
A. unique B. wealthy C. skilled D. ancient
【答案】B
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。根据 “大量玉器” 可推断墓主人很 “富有”,wealthy意为 “富有的、富裕的”,符合语境。unique独特的;skilled熟练的;ancient古代的,均不符合逻辑。
5.The new exhibition tries to ____ ancient Egyptian culture ____ to young visitors.
A. bring; back B. bring; to life C. take; to life D. make; live
【答案】B
【详解】考查单元核心短语bring...back to life,意为 “使…… 鲜活起来、赋予…… 生机”,符合 “展览让古埃及文化在年轻游客面前重现生机” 的语境。
6.You ____ touch the fragile ancient pottery in the museum. It’s against the rules.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. may not D. needn’t
【答案】B
【详解】考查情态动词词义辨析。根据 “违反规定”,可知是明令禁止的行为,mustn’t意为 “禁止、不准”,符合语境。can’t表 “不可能、没能力”;may not表 “可能不”;needn’t表 “不必”,均不符合 “禁令” 的含义。
7.Scientists have found new ____ that the ancient people used tools to make fire.
A. evidence B. aim C. remains D. statue
【答案】A
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意为 “科学家发现了古人使用工具生火的新证据”,evidence意为 “证据、证明”,符合考古研究的语境。aim目标;remains遗迹;statue雕像,均搭配不当。
8.____ people visit the Terracotta Army every year.
A. Million of B. Millions of C. Three millions D. Three million of
【答案】B
【详解】考查数词用法。millions of意为 “数以百万的、大量的”,表模糊数量,后接可数名词复数。具体数字后million用单数,不加of,因此 C、D 形式错误;A 结构错误。
9.The craftsman is ____ repairing ancient bronze vessels.
A. good at B. skilled in C. well in D. expert at
【答案】B
【详解】考查单元核心固定搭配。be skilled in意为 “善于、精通”,是本单元重点短语,符合 “工匠精通青铜器修复” 的语境。
10.The main ____ of the project is to protect the underground cultural remains.
A. trade B. aim C. shadow D. era
【答案】B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意为 “这个项目的主要目标是保护地下文化遗迹”,aim意为 “目的、目标”,符合句意。trade贸易;shadow影子;era时代,均不符合语境。
二、根据汉语意思完成单词,每空一词,注意单词拼写与词性。
1.An ____ (考古学家) is a person who studies ancient societies by examining remains and relics.
【答案】archaeologist
【详解】考查名词拼写。archaeologist意为 “考古学家”,前面有An,用单数形式,注意拼写中ae的字母组合。
2.The ____ (富有的) businessman donated a lot of money to the museum.
【答案】wealthy
【详解】考查形容词拼写。wealthy意为 “富有的”,作定语修饰名词businessman。
3.This kind of special ____ (服装) is made of silk and cotton.
【答案】clothing
【详解】考查名词拼写。clothing意为 “衣服、服装”,是服装的总称,为不可数名词。
4.Workers need about one month to ____ (修理) the ancient wooden building.
【答案】repair
【详解】考查动词拼写。repair意为 “修理、修补”,不定式符号to后接动词原形。
5.Each bronze mask in Sanxingdui is ____ (独特的) — no two are the same.
【答案】unique
【详解】考查形容词拼写。unique意为 “独特的、罕见的”,在句中作表语。
6.There is no clear ____ (证据) to show how the Stonehenge was built.
【答案】evidence
【详解】考查名词拼写。evidence意为 “证据、证明”,是不可数名词。
7.A huge stone ____ (雕像) stands at the gate of the museum.
【答案】statue
【详解】考查名词拼写。statue意为 “雕塑、雕像”,前面有A,用单数形式。
8.The ancient city was ____ (地下的) for thousands of years before being discovered.
【答案】underground
【详解】考查形容词拼写。underground意为 “地下的”,在句中作表语。
9.The primary ____ (目标) of the activity is to raise people’s awareness of cultural protection.
【答案】aim
【详解】考查名词拼写。aim意为 “目的、目标”,primary aim表示 “主要目标”。
10.China’s ____ (贸易) with Central Asia dates back to the Han Dynasty.
【答案】trade
【详解】考查名词拼写。trade意为 “贸易、买卖”,为不可数名词。
三、用所给词的适当形式填空,注意词性转换、时态、数的变化。
1.The ____ (wealth) king built many palaces and temples in ancient times.
【答案】wealthy
【详解】考查名词变形容词。修饰名词king需用形容词,wealth的形容词形式是wealthy,意为 “富有的”。
2.The workers are highly ____ (skill) at carving stone into different shapes.
【答案】skilled
【详解】考查名词变形容词。be skilled at是固定搭配,意为 “擅长……”,skill的形容词形式是skilled。
3.The discovery is ____ (high) important for the study of ancient history.
【答案】highly
【详解】考查形容词变副词。修饰形容词important需用副词,high的副词形式是highly,意为 “非常、极”。
4.____ (million) of ancient coins were found in the underground tomb.
【答案】Millions
【详解】考查数词固定搭配。millions of是固定短语,意为 “数以百万的”,句首首字母需大写。
5.The team made a great ____ (archaeology) discovery in the remote area.
【答案】archaeological
【详解】考查名词变形容词。修饰名词discovery需用形容词,archaeology的形容词形式是archaeological,意为 “考古学的”。
6.It is ____ (like) that the ancient painting can be fully repaired. It’s too badly damaged.
【答案】unlikely
【详解】考查词义转换。根据后一句 “损坏太严重了”,可知古画 “不太可能” 被完全修复,unlikely意为 “不大可能的”,是对应反义词形式。
7.The archaeologists ____ (dig) out a complete jade mask from the pit last week.
【答案】dug
【详解】考查不规则动词时态。根据时间标志last week,用一般过去时,dig的过去式是dug。
8.The ____ (carve) patterns on the bronze pot are very fine and beautiful.
【答案】carved
【详解】考查动词变形容词。修饰名词patterns需用形容词,carved意为 “雕刻的”,作前置定语。
9.The Terracotta Army is a ____ (world) wonder of ancient Chinese art.
【答案】:world-famous
【详解】考查复合形容词。world-famous意为 “举世闻名的”,作定语修饰名词wonder。
10.Most people are not ____ (aware) of the importance of protecting old books.
【答案】aware
【详解】考查固定短语。be aware of是固定短语,意为 “知道、意识到”,用形容词aware。
四、根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词,注意短语搭配与语法结构。
1.数以百万计的游客每年参观举世闻名的兵马俑。
____ ____ visitors visit the ____ Terracotta Army every year.
【答案】Millions of; world-famous
【详解】考查固定短语。millions of意为 “数以百万的”,句首大写;world-famous意为 “举世闻名的”,作定语。
2.博物馆的目标之一是让古代文明重焕生机。
One of the museum’s ____ is ____ ____ ancient civilizations back to life.
【答案】aims; to bring
【详解】考查one of结构和不定式作表语。one of后接可数名词复数aims;“让…… 重焕生机” 用bring...back to life,此处用不定式to bring作表语,说明aim的具体内容。
3.古代中国人一定非常精通制作丝绸的技艺。
Ancient Chinese people ____ ____ very skilled at the skill of making silk.
【答案】must have been
【详解】考查情态动词对过去的肯定推测。“古代中国人” 是过去的群体,对过去的状态做肯定推测用must have been结构。
4.据说这些遗迹可以追溯到青铜时代。
____ ____ ____ these remains date back to the Bronze Age.
【答案】It’s said that
【详解】考查形式主语固定句型。It’s said that...意为 “据说……”,是中考高频句型。
5.这些玉器可能是通过贸易被带到中国的。
These jade objects ____ ____ ____ brought to China through trade.
【答案】might have been
【详解】考查情态动词对过去的被动推测。玉器是 “被带到” 中国,用被动;是不确定的过去推测,用might have been done结构。
6.修复一本古籍可能要花费好几年的时间。
It ____ take years ____ repair one ancient book.
【答案】may/might; to
【详解】考查情态动词表推测和固定句型。“可能” 用may/might表推测;It takes some time to do sth.是固定句型,意为 “做某事花费多长时间”,第二空填to。
7.图坦卡蒙国王的死因可能和一种疾病有关。
King Tut’s death ____ ____ related to an illness.
【答案】could be
【详解】考查情态动词表推测。“可能” 用could,后接系动词原形be,构成be related to(与…… 有关)的结构。
8.我们应该意识到保护文化遗产的重要性。
We should ____ ____ ____ the importance of protecting cultural relics.
【答案】be aware of
【详解】考查固定短语。be aware of意为 “意识到”,情态动词should后接动词原形be。
9.那个坑里出土了大量的青铜器物。
Lots of bronze objects ____ ____ in the ____ underground.
【答案】were found; pit
【详解】考查一般过去时的被动语态。器物是 “被发现”,用被动;动作发生在过去,主语复数,用were found;“坑” 对应pit。
10那不可能是真正的金面具,它太轻了。
That ____ ____ a real gold mask. It’s much too light.
【答案】can’t be
【详解】
四、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Sanxingdui is one of the most famous archaeological sites in China. Last month, 1. new research showed that more than 1,000 ancient objects 2. (find) in a new underground pit.
The objects include gold masks, bronze vessels and jade works. Scientists believe the owner of the tomb 3 . be a very wealthy person of the ancient Shu Kingdom. “These relics 4 . (certain) have great value for studying the ancient culture,” said one leading 5 . (archaeology).
The local museum has made plans to repair these cultural remains. The 6. (skill) craftsmen say it may take years to bring the damaged relics back to life. One of the main 7. (aim) of the repair project is 8. (help) more people understand the charm of ancient Shu culture.
9. is believed that more hidden secrets will be unlocked with further research. And the new findings will provide strong 10. (evident) for the study of early Chinese civilization.
【答案】1. a 2.were found 3.must 4.certainly 5.archaeologist
6.skilled 7.aims 8.to help 9.It 10.evidence
【详解】
1.research 在此处表示 “一项研究”,是可数名词单数,表泛指,且 new 以辅音音素开头,因此用不定冠词 a。
2.主语 ancient objects(古代器物)是动词 find 的承受者,构成被动关系;时间标志 Last month 表示过去,且主语为复数,因此用一般过去时的被动语态 were found。这是本单元核心语法点,考古发现类场景常用被动语态。
3.结合前文 “出土了金面具、青铜器、玉器”,科学家据此做出有把握的肯定推测,认为墓主人一定是古蜀国的富人。must 表 “一定、肯定”,是本单元核心语法,用于把握极大的肯定推测。
4.修饰动词 have 需要用副词,certain 的副词形式是 certainly,意为 “无疑、肯定”,在句中作状语,强化推测的语气。
5.句意为 “一位顶尖的考古学家说道”,archaeology 意为 “考古学”,表示 “考古学家” 需要变为 archaeologist;前面有 one,用单数形式,是本单元核心名词。
6.修饰名词 craftsmen(工匠)需要用形容词,skill 的形容词形式是 skilled,意为 “熟练的、有技能的”。be skilled in 是本单元核心固定搭配,此处用形容词作前置定语。
7.“one of + 可数名词复数” 是初三高频结构,意为 “…… 之一”,因此 aim 需要变为复数形式 aims,对应本单元核心词汇 “目标、目的”。
8.当主语是 aim(目标)这类表示抽象含义的名词时,常用动词不定式作表语,说明主语的具体内容,因此填 to help。这是本单元讲解的核心语法点。
9.It is believed that...是本单元重点句型,意为 “人们认为、据信”,it 作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的 that 从句,句首首字母需大写。
10.形容词 strong 后面需要接名词,evident 的名词形式是 evidence,意为 “证据、证明”,是不可数名词。
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