Unit 4 Great People 完形填空 （热点题型专练）英语新教材冀教版九年级上册

**基本信息** 以“人与社会—著名人物”为话题载体，构建“题型解读-解题技巧-命题预测-分层训练”的完形突破体系，融合语言能力培养与德育渗透。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |解题技巧|6项核心方法|通读主线→锁定搭配→逻辑连词→常识辅助→词义辨析→回读校验|以人物事迹为载体，串联语法（非谓语/定语从句）、词汇（动词短语/抽象名词）与逻辑推理，形成“语言知识-思维方法-文化意识”递进链| |分层训练|18篇（基础10+拔高8）|精选袁隆平、屠呦呦等中外名人素材，覆盖坚持、奉献等德育主题|基础篇夯实高频考点，拔高篇强化复杂语境推理，匹配中考“语言能力+思维品质”考查要求|

Unit 4 Great People 完形填空题型专练（话题：人与社会—著名人物） 热点题型概览 核心模块 具体内容说明 题型解读 1. 题型定位：初中标准完形填空，短文 10 个小题；考查词类覆盖名词、动词、形容词、副词、连词、固定短语、代词、定语从句引导词、非谓语动词； 2. 命题核心：以上下文逻辑推理、词义辨析、固定搭配、人物常识背景为主要考点； 3. 话题载体：全部围绕人与社会 —— 杰出榜样人物，涵盖中外科学家、民族英雄、历史名人；记叙文为主，先讲述人物事迹，结尾升华精神品质，传递德育价值。 解题技巧 1. 通读全文把握故事主线：先理清人物身份、经历、故事结局、文章主旨（人物的精神品质：坚持、奉献、爱国、宽容、好奇心等）； 2. 优先锁定固定搭配、动词短语、语法结构（非谓语、定语从句、状语从句），快速排除错误选项； 3. 依托人物常识、生活逻辑辅助排除明显违背人物事迹的干扰项； 4. 辨析易混动词、形容词、名词，重点区分近义词语义差别； 5. 标记逻辑连词（but/so/if/because/however），分清转折、因果、条件、让步关系； 6. 全部填完回读全文，校验语义、时态、语法是否通顺，确保主旨统一。 命题预测 - 单元话题 围绕中外伟大人物命题：中国代表人物（袁隆平、屠呦呦、钟扬、叶培建、戚继光等）；国外代表人物（爱迪生、居里夫人、牛顿、爱因斯坦等）；素材聚焦人物成长、科研奋斗、克服困难、无私奉献、宽容待人；文章结尾升华榜样精神，渗透德育。 命题预测 - 核心考点 1. 语法高频：非谓语动词（spend…doing；devote…to doing；let/make sb. do）；定语从句关系代词（who/whose/which/when）；状语从句引导词（but/if/because/although）； 2. 词汇高频：动词短语辨析；褒贬类形容词辨析；抽象名词（quality、courage、perseverance、purpose、contribution）； 3. 能力考查：上下文逻辑推理；结合人物背景常识做题；把握文章主旨、情感态度。 题型夯基提升 巩固基础·专项突破 Passage 1 Everybody knows that Edison is a famous scientist who invented the electric light bulb. But maybe fewer people 1 about his being kind and forgiving (原谅) towards others. The following is a true story about him. At one point in his experiments, Edison had at last 2 a working bulb—the final result of hundreds of trials (实验). It was the first electric light bulb that had ever been made, and Edison was full of 3 . He had dreamed of this moment for years. “Take it upstairs, Jimmy,” he said, handing it to his assistant (助手), Jimmy Price. 4 there was a crash, and Edison turned around to see that his precious bulb had fallen to the ground and broken into pieces on the floor. Jimmy had let the bulb slip (滑落) through his fingers 5 . Edison said nothing, but everyone could imagine what his thoughts were. He went back to his worktable and set to work once more to make another 6 . A few days later, a new bulb was finally ready. There it 7 on the table in front of its maker, fully completed. Then Edison did a very big thing. With a smile, he handed the new bulb to Jimmy. “Be careful this time,” he said. He was giving the young man another 8 . Jimmy did not break it, so we have millions of bulbs in the world today. As a proverb says, “Not the power to 9 , but its very opposite, the power to forget, is a necessary condition for our existence.” Life is too short and no one is 10 . If we can forgive those who have hurt us, we will have a better life. 1．A．have heard B．have worried C．have brought D．have looked 2．A．sold B．produced C．accepted D．checked 3．A．hope B．anxiety C．pride D．surprise 4．A．Luckily B．Excitingly C．Finally D．Suddenly 5．A．sadly B．angrily C．carelessly D．carefully 6．A．fan B．bulb C．phone D．book 7．A．learned B．held C．put D．lay 8．A．chance B．hand C．reason D．talk 9．A．receive B．remember C．keep D．improve 10．A．strong B．nice C．bad D．perfect 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．C 6．B 7．D 8．A 9．B 10．D 【导语】本文通过爱迪生两次将亲手研制的初代电灯泡交给曾失手摔碎灯泡的助手吉米、以包容给对方改错机会的故事，告诉我们学会遗忘过错、宽容待人，才能收获更美好的人生的道理。 【详解】1．句意：但或许更少的人听说过他为人善良、对他人十分宽容的一面。 根据“The following is a true story about him.”可知，下文要讲述他为人善良宽容的故事，此处指这些故事少有人听说，hear about“听说”符合语境，worried about“担忧”、bring about“引起”均不符合语境。 2．句意：在他的一次实验过程中，爱迪生最终制作出了一个可用的灯泡——这是数百次实验换来的最终成果。 根据“It was the first electric light bulb that had ever been made”可知，此处指他制作出了首个可用的灯泡，produced表示“生产出、制作出”，契合实验研发的场景，sold“售出”、accepted“接受”和checked“检查”均不符合语境。 3．句意：这是人类有史以来造出的第一个电灯泡，爱迪生的心中满是自豪。 根据“It was the first electric light bulb that had ever been made”可知，爱迪生制作出了首个灯泡，他应是自豪的，pride“自豪”符合人物情绪，hope“希望”、anxiety“焦虑”和surprise“惊喜”均不符合语境。 4．句意：突然传来一声脆响，爱迪生转头就看到自己珍贵的灯泡掉到了地上，摔成了碎片。 根据“his precious bulb had fallen to the ground and broken into pieces on the floor”可知灯泡滑落破碎是突发意外，Suddenly“突然”符合场景，Luckily“幸运地”、Excitingly“令人兴奋地”和Finally“最终”均不符合语境。 5．句意：吉米是不小心让灯泡从指缝间滑落的。 根据“let the bulb slip (滑落) through his fingers ”可知，carelessly“粗心地、不小心地”是造成意外滑落的原因。 sadly“伤心地”、angrily“生气地”和carefully“小心翼翼地”均不符合语境。 6．句意：他回到工作台，再一次着手重新制作另一个灯泡。 根据上文“his precious bulb had fallen to the ground and broken into pieces on the floor”可知，前文提到的灯泡摔碎了，自然是重新制作灯泡，bulb“灯泡”符合语境，fan“扇子”、phone“电话”和book“书”均不符合语境。 7．句意：它完完整整地摆放在它的创造者面前的桌子上。 根据“A few days later, a new bulb was finally ready.”可知，此处灯泡已经制作完毕，应是摆放在桌子上，lay是lie的过去式，意为“躺、位于”，符合物品在桌上的状态，learned“学习”、held“握住”均不符合语境，put“放”，主语是it指灯泡，应用其被动语态。 8．句意：他正在给这个年轻人另一次机会。 根据上文“Jimmy had let the bulb slip (滑落) through his fingers ”可知，之前吉米摔碎了灯泡，爱迪生再次把新灯泡交给他，是给了他第二次机会，chance“机会”符合语境，hand“手”、reason“原因”和talk“谈话”均不符合语境。 9．句意：正如一句谚语所说：“我们生存的必要条件不是铭记的能力，恰恰相反，是遗忘的能力。” 根据“but its very opposite, the power to forget”可知，forget“遗忘”的对应面是remember“铭记”。receive“接收”、keep“保持”和improve“提高”均不符合语境。 10．句意：人生太过短暂，没有人是完美的。 根据下文“If we can forgive those who have hurt us, we will have a better life.”可知，要原谅伤害过我们的人，正因为没有人是完美无缺的，才需要彼此包容，perfect“完美的”符合语境，strong“强壮的”、nice“漂亮的”和bad“不好的”均不符合语境。 Passage 2 阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 My grandfather often tells me stories about great people in Chinese history. He says that every great person has a unique 1 to share. One of his favorite stories is about a scientist 2 spent his whole life studying astronomy. This scientist lived during the Ming Dynasty. He did not have modern 3 like telescopes or computers. But he was very 4 and patient. He watched the stars every night for over 30 years. He recorded everything he saw in 5 notebooks. His work 6 the foundation for later astronomical research in China. My grandfather 7 me that this scientist was not born great. He was just an ordinary person who had a strong 8 to learn. He never gave up, even when he faced difficulties. His   9 teaches us that anyone can achieve great things with 10 , dedication, and hard work. 1．A．story B．lesson C．report D．problem 2．A．which B．whom C．who D．whose 3．A．books B．tools C．courses D．rules 4．A．lazy B．careless C．hardworking D．humorous 5．A．his B．her C．their D．our 6．A．laid B．lay C．lied D．lain 7．A．asked B．ordered C．warned D．told 8．A．doubt B．desire C．promise D．chance 9．A．failure B．mistake C．example D．excuse 10．A．creativity B．luck C．money D．patience 【答案】 1．A 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．A 6．A 7．D 8．B 9．C 10．D 【导语】本文讲述了爷爷经常给“我”讲述中国历史名人的故事，介绍了明代一位毕生研究天文学的科学家，告诉我们普通人凭借耐心、专注与努力也可以成就伟大的事。 【详解】1．句意：他说每一位伟人都拥有独特的故事可以分享。 根据“My grandfather often tells me stories”可知此处表达每个人都有专属故事可供分享，story意为“故事”，符合语境。lesson意为“经验教训”，report意为“报告”，problem意为“问题”，均不符合语境。 2．句意：他最喜欢的一则故事是关于一位毕生研究天文学的科学家。 句子是定语从句，先行词scientist指人，关系代词在从句中充当主语，此处选择who。which“指代事物”，whom“在从句作宾语”，whose“作定语”，均不符合句子结构。 3．句意：他没有望远镜、电脑这类现代化工具。 望远镜和电脑都属于观测使用的工具，此处选择tools。books“书籍”，courses“课程”，rules“规章”，均不符合语境。 4．句意：但是他十分勤奋，并且富有耐心。 后文提到坚持观测星空三十余年，体现人物勤恳的品质，此处选择hardworking。lazy“懒惰的”，careless“粗心的”，humorous“幽默的”，均不符合语境。 5．句意：他把自己观测到的一切记录在他的笔记本里。 代词指代文中男性科学家，此处选择his。her“她的”，their“他们的”，our“我们的”，均不符合指代关系。 6．句意：他的著作为中国后续的天文研究奠定了基础。 固定短语lay the foundation意为“奠定基础”，全文使用过去时态，此处选择过去式laid。lied“说谎”，lay“躺，位于”，lain“躺”，均不符合搭配与时态要求。 7．句意：爷爷告诉我这位科学家并非天生伟大。 后文引出爷爷分享的观点内容，需要表达“告知”含义，此处选择told。asked“询问”，ordered“命令”，warned“警告”，均不符合语境。 8．句意：他只是一个拥有强烈求知渴望的普通人。 根据“a strong...to learn”可知是拥有强烈的求知渴望，此处选择desire。doubt“怀疑”，promise“承诺”，chance“机会”，均不符合语境。 9．句意：他的事例告诉我们，任何人都可以成就伟大的事。 文中借助这位科学家的例子启发他人，此处选择example。failure“失败”，mistake“错误”，excuse“借口”，均不符合语境。 10．句意：任何人凭借耐心、专注和勤奋努力都能成就大事。 空格词汇与dedication、hard work并列，属于优秀品质，此处选择patience。creativity“创造力”，luck“运气”，money“金钱”，均不符合语境。 Passage 3 Zhong Yang was a famous biologist in China. He spent his 1 life researching plants and seeds. He was born in 1964 and 2 university at the early age of 15. There, he studied radio engineering and later became 3 in plants. In 2001, Zhong Yang began his travels across Xizang to collect seeds. It was very 4 for him to brave the cold weather and great heights. He sometimes fell 5 , but he always continued with his work. Zhong Yang knew it was better to 6 more people when doing important work. He began a programme to find and train local students to become 7 . Together, he and his team 8 more than 40 million seeds from around 1,000 plants. Zhong Yang left behind more than just a huge 9 of seeds. His love for his job and research lives on in his students. He once said, “My students will continue on the road of scientific 10 and the seeds we have collected may grow hundreds of years from now.” 1．A．common B．whole C．western D．valuable 2．A．dropped out of B．entered C．refused D．left 3．A．interested B．necessary C．creative D．brave 4．A．important B．easy C．difficult D．helpful 5．A．sick B．hungry C．wounded D．tired 6．A．include B．refuse C．spread D．discover 7．A．soldiers B．guards C．scientists D．historians 8．A．discovered B．designed C．collected D．developed 9．A．collection B．exploration C．knowledge D．curiosity 10．A．research B．discovery C．exploration D．thinking 【答案】 1．B 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．A 6．A 7．C 8．C 9．A 10．A 【导语】本文是记叙文，讲述中国著名生物学家钟扬毕生投身植物种子研究，赴藏科考、培养人才的感人事迹。 【详解】1．句意：他毕生致力于研究植物和种子。 固定搭配spend one’s whole life doing sth.表示“毕生做某事”，whole符合语义。common普通的、western西方的、valuable珍贵的，均不符合搭配逻辑。 2．句意：他出生于1964年，15岁时就考上了大学。 后文“There, he studied radio engineering”提到在学校学习无线电工程，说明此处是进入大学，entered符合语境。dropped out of辍学、refused拒绝、left离开，均和后文在校学习的内容矛盾。 3．句意：在那里，他学习无线电工程，后来对植物产生了兴趣。 固定搭配become interested in表示“对……感兴趣”，符合他后续从事植物研究的背景。necessary必要的、creative有创造力的、brave勇敢的，均无法和in构成对应搭配。 4．句意：对他来说，对抗严寒天气和高海拔环境是十分困难的。 后文提到他需要直面恶劣环境，说明这件事难度很高，difficult符合描述。important重要的、easy简单的、helpful有帮助的，均不符合恶劣环境下的实际情况。 5．句意：他有时会生病，但始终坚持工作。 在高寒高海拔的恶劣环境下，人容易身体不适生病，sick符合场景逻辑。hungry饥饿的、wounded受伤的、tired疲惫的，均不是高寒高海拔环境下最典型的身体反应，也无原文依据支撑。 6．句意：钟扬知道在开展重要工作时，最好让更多人参与进来。 后文“He began a programme to find and train local students”提到他开设项目培养当地学生，说明他要吸纳更多人加入工作，include符合语义。refuse拒绝、spread传播、discover发现，均和后文培养人才的行为相悖。 7．句意：他开设了一个项目，寻找并培养当地学生成为科学家。 这些学生是参与植物科研工作的，所以要培养成科学家，scientists符合职业定位。soldiers士兵、guards保安、historians历史学家，均和科研工作属性不符。 8．句意：他和他的团队一起，从约1000种植物中收集了超过4000万颗种子。 前文“In 2001, Zhong Yang began his travels across Xizang to collect seeds.”提到他赴藏的目的是收集种子，collected对应前文的collect seeds表述。discovered发现、designed设计、developed研发，均不符合采集种子的动作。 9．句意：钟扬留下的不仅仅是庞大的种子藏品。 他多年收集的大量种子构成了一份藏品，collection对应前文收集种子的成果。exploration探索、knowledge知识、curiosity好奇心，均无法指代大量种子的集合。 10．句意：我的学生们会在科研的道路上继续前行，我们收集的种子可能在数百年后生根发芽。 全文核心是钟扬从事植物科学研究，scientific research是固定搭配表示“科研”，符合语境。discovery发现、exploration探索、thinking思考，均不符合对应固定搭配与核心主题。 Passage 4 Tu Youyou is a great scientist in China. She is best known for her work on artemisinin (青蒿素), a medicine that has saved millions of lives around the world. Tu Youyou was born in 1930. When she was young, she showed great 1 about science. She studied hard and became a 2 researcher. In the 1960s, many people were dying from malaria (疟疾). Tu Youyou 3 to find a cure for this terrible disease. At that time, there were not enough modern tools or 4 . The work was very hard. But Tu Youyou never 5 up. She and her team read many old books and tried over 2,000 6 . Finally, they succeeded in finding artemisinin from a special herb. Tu Youyou’s discovery was a great 7 to the world. It has helped 8 the number of deaths from malaria. In 2015, she won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. She became the first Chinese woman to 9 this great honor (荣誉). Many people 10 Tu Youyou and find her an inspiring person. Her courage and wisdom have encouraged millions of young people to follow their dreams. 1．A．courage B．wisdom C．curiosity D．hunger 2．A．professional B．brave C．western D．common 3．A．refused B．managed C．warned D．avoided 4．A．manpower B．knowledge C．calendar D．flight 5．A．gave B．took C．put D．looked 6．A．holes B．flights C．plants D．calendars 7．A．disease B．contribution C．hunger D．spread 8．A．reduce B．spread C．discover D．encourage 9．A．avoid B．receive C．refuse D．hit 10．A．look up to B．look for C．look after D．look through 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．B 4．A 5．A 6．C 7．B 8．A 9．B 10．A 【导语】本文讲述了中国科学家屠呦呦的生平事迹，她历经艰辛发现青蒿素，挽救数百万生命，获诺贝尔奖，其精神激励了无数年轻人。 【详解】1．句意：在她年少的时候，她对科学表现出极大的好奇心。 根据语境，此处表达对科学怀有浓厚兴趣，应选用curiosity，表示“好奇心”。courage“勇气”；wisdom“智慧”；hunger“饥饿”，均不符。 2．句意：她努力学习，成为了一名专业的研究员。 根据上下文科研相关语境，应选用professional，表示“专业的”。brave“勇敢的”；western“西方的”；common“普通的”，均不符。 3．句意：屠呦呦设法找到这种可怕疾病的治疗方法。 根据后文取得研究成果，应选用managed，表示“设法做成”。refused“拒绝”；warned“警告”；avoided“避免”，逻辑不符。 4．句意：那时候，没有足够的现代化工具或者人力。 根据做科研实验的客观条件，应选用manpower，表示“人力”。knowledge“知识”；calendar“日历”；flight“航班”，均不符。 5．句意：但是屠呦呦从未放弃。 根据固定搭配give up（放弃），应选用gave，表示“放弃”。took“拿”；put“放置”；looked“看”，逻辑不通。 6．句意：她和团队翻阅大量古籍，试验超过2000种植物。 根据后文从一种植物中提取青蒿素，应选用plants，表示“植物”。holes“洞”；flights“航班”；calendars“日历”，均不符。 7．句意：屠呦呦的发现对世界来说是一项伟大的贡献。 根据屠呦呦科研成果，应选用contribution，表示“贡献”。disease“疾病”；hunger“饥饿”；spread“传播”，逻辑不符。 8．句意：它帮助减少疟疾造成的死亡人数。 根据青蒿素的作用，应选用reduce，表示“减少”。spread“传播”；discover“发现”；encourage“鼓励”，逻辑不通。 9．句意：她成为第一位获得这项崇高荣誉的中国女性。 根据获得诺贝尔奖，应选用receive，表示“获得”。avoid“避免”；refuse“拒绝”；hit“击打”，逻辑不符。 10．句意：很多人敬仰屠呦呦，认为她是一位鼓舞人心的人物。 根据对屠呦呦的崇敬，应选用look up to，表示“敬仰”。look for“寻找”；look after“照顾”；look through“浏览”，均不符。 Passage 5 Yuan Longping Yuan Longping is a great Chinese scientist. He is 1 as the “Father of Hybrid Rice”. When he was young, he saw many people go hungry. So he made up his 2 to help them grow more rice. He spent many years working in the fields. He did thousands of experiments. He faced many difficulties and failures, 3 he never gave up. At last, he succeeded in developing hybrid rice. It helped produce much more rice and saved millions of 4 around the world. Yuan was famous but lived a simple life. He cared 5 about money or fame. He kept working until his last days. His spirit of hard work and devotion 6 us all. He is truly an inspiring person who gave his life to helping others. We should learn from him. We should be 7 and never give up when facing difficulties. We should try our best to do something 8 for society. We should 9 his spirit and pass it on. We should work hard to 10 our dreams come true. 1．A．heard B．seen C．known D．found 2．A．head B．mind C．body D．arm 3．A．so B．but C．and D．or 4．A．lives B．life C．animals D．plants 5．A．much B．many C．few D．little 6．A．encourages B．stops C．refuses D．allows 7．A．lazy B．brave C．shy D．strict 8．A．useless B．funny C．valuable D．boring 9．A．remember B．forget C．lose D．throw 10．A．make B．get C．take D．bring 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．B 4．A 5．D 6．A 7．B 8．C 9．A 10．A 【导语】本文介绍了“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平的生平事迹、无私奉献的精神，号召人们向他学习，面对困难永不放弃，为社会做贡献。 【详解】1．句意：他被称为“杂交水稻之父”。 固定搭配be known as“被称作；作为……而出名”，应用known。heard“听说”、seen“看见”、found“发现”词义和语境不符。 2．句意：所以他下定决心帮助人们种植更多水稻。 固定搭配make up one’s mind“下定决心”，应用mind。head“头脑”、body“身体”、arm“手臂”无法构成该短语。 3．句意：他面对许多困难与失败，但是他从未放弃。 前后语义存在转折关系，应用but。so“所以”表结果，and“并且”表并列，or“或者”表选择，逻辑不符。 4．句意：它助力产出更多粮食，拯救了全世界数百万人的生命。 millions of后接可数名词复数，应用lives。life“生命（单数）”、animals“动物”、plants“植物”语义不通。 5．句意：袁隆平很有名却过着简朴的生活，他几乎不在乎金钱与名誉。 根据“lived a simple life”可知，他几乎不在乎金钱与名誉，应用little“几乎不”，修饰动词cared。much“许多”、many“许多”、few“少数”语义不通。 6．句意：他艰苦奋斗、甘于奉献的精神鼓舞着我们所有人。 结合后文an inspiring person，应用encourages“鼓舞”。stops“阻止”、refuses“拒绝”、allows“允许”和上下文语义不符。 7．句意：面对困难的时候，我们应当勇敢，永不放弃。 根据“never give up when facing difficulties”，应用brave“勇敢的”。lazy“懒惰的”、shy“害羞的”、strict“严格的”语境不符。 8．句意：我们应当尽自己最大努力，为社会做一些有价值的事。 结合全文褒义语境，应用valuable“有价值的”。useless“无用的”、funny“有趣的”、boring“无聊的”语义不通。 9．句意：我们应当铭记他的精神，并将它传承下去。 结合pass it on，应用remember“铭记”。forget“忘记”、lose“丢失”、throw“扔掉”逻辑相反。 10．句意：我们要努力奋斗，实现我们的梦想。 固定搭配make one’s dreams come true“实现梦想”，应用make。get“得到”、take“拿”、bring“带来”不能构成该固定搭配。 Passage 6 Tu Youyou is a great scientist who 1 the Nobel Prize in 2015. She was born in 1930 in Zhejiang Province. She studied medicine and became a researcher. In the 1960s, a serious disease was 2 many people’s lives. Tu was 3 to lead a research team to find a cure. Tu and her team took a creative approach. They looked 4 traditional Chinese medicine books. They did hundreds of experiments, 5 they all failed. However, Tu never gave up. She 6 in herself and her team. Finally, she found a way to develop the drug. To make 7 the drug was safe, Tu and two other researchers 8 to test it on themselves. Since then, the drug has saved millions of lives. Tu Youyou’s work shows that 9 and creativity can lead to great discoveries. She is a true 10 for all of us. 1．A．received B．receiver C．receives D．receiving 2．A．saving B．taking C．protecting D．changing 3．A．asked B．chosen C．told D．made 4．A．at B．after C．into D．for 5．A．and B．so C．but D．or 6．A．believed B．thought C．wondered D．doubted 7．A．clear B．sure C．known D．possible 8．A．refused B．forgot C．volunteered D．decided 9．A．laziness B．fear C．intelligence D．perseverance 10．A．hero B．teacher C．writer D．leader 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．B 4．C 5．C 6．A 7．B 8．C 9．D 10．A 【导语】本文是一篇人物传记类记叙文，介绍屠呦呦的生平、研究青蒿素的历程及其科学贡献，突出她坚持实验、以身试药的科研精神。 【详解】1．句意：屠呦呦是一位伟大的科学家，她在2015年获得了诺贝尔奖。 先行词“Tu Youyou”指人，在定语从句中作主语；时间状语“in 2015”为过去时间点，谓语动词需用一般过去时“received”。B“receiver”为名词“接收者”，不能作谓语；C“receives”为一般现在时，时间不符；D“receiving”为现在分词，不能作谓语。 2．句意：在20世纪60年代，一种严重的疾病正在夺走许多人的生命。 此处表示疾病夺走生命，“was taking”构成过去进行时，表示“正在夺走”；“take one’s life”为固定搭配，意为“夺走生命”。A“saving”意为“拯救”，C“protecting”意为“保护”，D“changing”意为“改变”，均与“夺命”的语境不符。 3．句意：屠呦呦被选中领导研究团队寻找治疗方法。 此处表示屠呦呦被选中领导团队，“was chosen”为一般过去时被动语态，表示“被选中”；“choose sb. to do”为固定结构，意为“选择某人做某事”。A“asked”（被问）虽可接不定式，但语义侧重“被要求”，不如“chosen”准确；C“told”（被告知）强调“被命令”，D“made”（被使）不符合“选定”的语境。 4．句意：他们查阅了传统中医书籍。 根据“creative approach”及研究背景，可知他们是深入研究书籍内容。“look into”为固定搭配，意为“查阅、调查”，后接“books”表示“查阅书籍”。A“look at”表“看”，B“look after”表“照顾”，D“look for”表“寻找”，均不符合“研究查阅”的语境。 5．句意：他们做了数百次实验，但都失败了。 前文“did hundreds of experiments”与后文“they all failed”为转折关系，用“but”连接。A“and”表并列，B“so”表因果，D“or”表选择，均不符合逻辑。 6．句意：她相信她自己和她的团队。 此处表示相信自己和团队，“believe in”为固定搭配，意为“信任、相信……的能力”。B“thought”后常接从句或介词“of”，C“wondered”表“想知道”，D“doubted”表“怀疑”，均不构成“相信”的搭配。 7．句意：为了确保药物安全，屠呦呦和另外两位研究人员自愿在自己身上试验。 此处要表达确保安全，“make sure”为固定结构，表示“确保”，后接that从句。A“make clear”意为“阐明”，C“make known”意为“使知晓”，D“make possible”意为“使可能”，均不符合“确保安全”的语境。 8．句意：为了确保药物安全，屠呦呦和另外两位研究人员自愿在自己身上试验。 “volunteer to do”意为“自愿做某事”，体现她的奉献精神。A“refused”（拒绝）、B“forgot”（忘记）、D“decided”（决定）均不如“volunteered”贴切。 9．句意：屠呦呦的工作表明，坚持和创造力能带来伟大的发现。 根据前文“never gave up”及数百次实验，可知体现的是坚持不懈的精神。空格与“creativity”并列，需填名词表示“坚持、毅力”；D“perseverance”符合她在数百次失败后仍不放弃的精神。A“laziness”（懒惰）语义相反，B“fear”（恐惧）和C“intelligence”（智力）虽相关，但不直接体现“坚持”主题。 10．句意：她是我们所有人的真正英雄。 根据“saved millions of lives”及伟大贡献，可知她是英雄，用“hero”（英雄）最贴切。B“teacher”（老师）、C“writer”（作家）、D“leader”（领导者）均无法概括她作为科学家的伟大形象。 Passage 7 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Yuan Longping, known as the “Father of Hybrid Rice”, was a great scientist who devoted his life to 1 agriculture and feeding people around the world. Born in 1930, Yuan grew up in a time 2 China faced serious food shortages. He saw many people 3 from hunger, which made him determined to find a way to produce more rice. After years of hard work, he 4 developed hybrid rice in the 1970s. This breakthrough increased rice production 5 and helped solve the food problem for millions of people. Yuan was never satisfied 6 his achievements. Even in his 80s, he continued working in the fields. He once said, “I have a dream 7 I can grow rice as tall as sorghum, with grains as big as peanuts.” He also spent much time 8 young scientists and sharing his knowledge with them. Yuan Longping passed away in 2021, but his spirit lives on. He is a hero 9 work has made the world a better place. His story teaches us that 10 we work hard and never give up, we can make a real difference. 1．A．improve B．improving C．improved D．improvement 2．A．which B．that C．when D．where 3．A．suffer B．suffering C．suffered D．to suffer 4．A．successful B．successfully C．success D．succeed 5．A．great B．greatly C．greater D．greatest 6．A．with B．for C．of D．about 7．A．which B．that C．when D．where 8．A．teach B．teaching C．to teach D．taught 9．A．which B．who C．whose D．whom 10．A．if B．because C．although D．unless 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．B 4．B 5．B 6．A 7．B 8．B 9．C 10．A 【导语】本文介绍了“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平的生平事迹、科研成就及其不懈奋斗和乐于奉献的精神，强调了其工作对解决全球粮食问题的巨大贡献，并激励人们坚持努力以创造价值。 【详解】1．句意：袁隆平，被誉为“杂交水稻之父”，是一位伟大的科学家，他毕生致力于改善农业和养活世界各地的人们。 空前的“devoted his life to”中“to”为介词，后接动名词作宾语，故用improving。 2．句意：袁隆平出生于1930年，成长于中国面临严重粮食短缺的时期。 先行词为“a time”（时间），定语从句“China faced serious food shortages”中主谓宾完整，缺时间状语，故用关系副词when。which/that在从句中作主语或宾语，where表地点，均不合。 3．句意：他看到许多人因饥饿而受苦，这使他决心找到增产水稻的方法。 固定搭配“see sb. doing”表示“看到某人正在做某事”，强调当时的状态，故用suffering。suffer为原形（用于see sb. do表全过程），to suffer为不定式，suffered为过去分词，均不适用于此处语境。 4．句意：经过多年努力，他在20世纪70年代成功培育出杂交水稻。 空后为动词“developed”，需用副词修饰，successfully“成功地”符合。 5．句意：这一突破大大提高了水稻产量，并帮助解决了数百万人的粮食问题。 空前为动词短语“increased rice production”，需用副词greatly表示程度“极大地”。great为形容词，greater/greatest为比较级/最高级，均不能修饰动词。 6．句意：袁隆平从不满足于自己的成就。 固定搭配“be satisfied with”意为“对……满意”，介词with不可替换。 7．句意：他曾说：“我有一个梦想，即水稻长得像高粱一样高，谷粒像花生一样大。” 先行词“dream”后接同位语从句，从句成分完整，且内容即为梦想的具体内容，应用连接词that引导（不可省略）。which引导定语从句需在从句中作成分，when/where为关系副词，均不符。 8．句意：他还花大量时间教导年轻科学家，并与他们分享知识。 固定搭配“spend time (in) doing sth.”意为“花费时间做某事”，故用teaching。 9．句意：他是一位英雄，他的工作让世界变得更美好。 先行词“hero”与空后“work”构成所属关系，意为“英雄的工作”，故用关系代词whose（名词性物主代词，作定语）。which指物，who指人（作主语/宾语），whom指人（作宾语），均无法表示所属。 10．句意：他的故事教会我们，如果我们努力工作且永不放弃，我们就能真正改变世界。 前后句为条件关系，“努力工作”是“能改变世界”的条件，故用if引导条件状语从句。because表因果，although表让步，unless表“除非”，均不符合逻辑。 Passage 8 阅读下面的短文，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。 Zhong Yang was a seed scientist who spent his whole life 1 plants and seeds. He was born in 1964 and entered university 2 the early age of 15. At first, he studied radio engineering, but later he became 3 in plants. In 2001, Zhong Yang began his travels across Xizang to collect seeds. It was very 4 for him to brave the cold weather and great heights. He sometimes fell sick, 5 he always continued with his work. Zhong Yang knew it was better to 6 more people when doing important work. He began a programme to find and train local students 7 field research. Together, he and his team collected more than 40 million seeds from about 1,000 kinds of plants. Their hard work 8 the world with lots of new information about the plants in China. Zhong Yang died in a car accident in 2017. 9 , his love for his job and research lives on in his students. He once said, “My students will 10 on the road of scientific exploration.” 1．A．researching B．research C．researched D．researches 2．A．in B．on C．at D．for 3．A．bored B．interested C．tired D．worried 4．A．easy B．interesting C．difficult D．exciting 5．A．or B．so C．but D．because 6．A．include B．refuse C．avoid D．stop 7．A．on B．in C．at D．for 8．A．provided B．refused C．avoided D．stopped 9．A．However B．Therefore C．Besides D．Instead 10．A．give B．put C．continue D．depend 【答案】 1．A 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．C 6．A 7．B 8．A 9．A 10．C 【导语】本文讲述了种子科学家钟扬的一生。他致力于植物研究，克服高原困难采集种子，培养学生，虽去世但精神永存。 【详解】1．句意：钟扬是一位种子科学家，他一生都在研究植物和种子。 spend time (in) doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“花时间做某事”，应用researching。research为动词原形，researched为过去式，researches为三单，均不符合搭配。 2．句意：他出生于1964年，15岁时就上了大学。 at the age of是固定搭配，意为“在……岁时”，应选用at。in、on、for均不符合搭配。 3．句意：起初他学习无线电工程，但后来他对植物产生了兴趣。 become interested in是固定搭配，意为“对……产生兴趣”，符合“对植物产生了兴趣”的语境。bored“无聊的”、tired“疲倦的”、worried“担心的”均不符合语境。 4．句意：对他来说，勇敢面对严寒和高海拔是非常困难的。 根据下文“He sometimes fell sick”可知他在艰苦环境中生病，说明工作“困难”，应选用difficult。easy“容易的”、interesting“有趣的”、exciting“令人兴奋的”均不符合“艰苦环境”的语境。 5．句意：他有时会生病，但他总是继续工作。 前后为转折关系：虽然生病，但坚持工作，应用but表示“但是”。or“或者”、so“所以”、because“因为”均不符合逻辑。 6．句意：钟扬明白开展重要工作时，最好吸纳更多人参与进来。 根据下文“He began a programme to find and train local students”可知他招募并培训当地学生，说明“包括”更多人，应选用include。refuse“拒绝”、avoid“避免”、stop“停止”均与“扩大团队”的语境相反。 7．句意：他启动了一个项目来寻找和培训当地学生进行实地研究。 “train sb. in sth.”是固定搭配，意为“在……方面培训某人”，符合“在实地研究方面培训学生”的语境。on“在……上”、at“在”、for“为”均不符合搭配。 8．句意：他们的努力工作为世界提供了大量关于中国植物的新信息。 根据上文“he and his team collected more than 40 million seeds from about 1,000 kinds of plants.”可知他们通过实地采集获得了大量种子和植物数据，这些成果为世界提供了新的植物信息。provide sb. with sth.是固定搭配，意为“为某人提供某物”，此处应用provided。refused“拒绝”、avoided“避免”、stopped“停止”均不符合“提供信息”的语境。 9．句意：然而，他对工作和研究的热爱在学生身上延续着。 上文提到钟扬于2017年去世，下文说他的热爱延续在学生身上，前后为转折关系，应用However表示“然而”。Therefore“因此”表结果，Besides“此外”表递进，Instead“相反”表替代，均不符合转折逻辑。 10．句意：他曾说：“我的学生将继续走在科学探索的道路上。” 根据上文“his love for his job and research lives on in his students.”可知钟扬的精神由学生传承。continue on the road表示“继续在路上前行”，continue“继续”符合语境。give“给”、put“放”、depend“依赖”，均不符合“继续前行”的含义。 Passage 9 阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Qi Jiguang was a national 1 in the Ming Dynasty. He joined the 2 at a young age and fought many times. He was a talented general 3 also wrote books about the art of war. He was good at 4 soldiers and led a strong army. His army was 5 as the “Army of Qi”. He fought against enemies from Japan and protected the people. Isaac Newton was a great scientist. He was 6 about nature and asked many questions. One day, an apple fell on his head. He 7 why things fell straight down. He later discovered the law of gravity. 8 of this discovery came from his curiosity and hard work. His story teaches us that we 9 never stop asking questions and 10 new things. 1．A．leader B．hero C．soldier D．officer 2．A．army B．navy C．air force D．police 3．A．which B．who C．whom D．what 4．A．training B．fighting C．reading D．writing 5．A．remembered B．forgotten C．honored D．made 6．A．positive B．curious C．brave D．creative 7．A．believed B．wondered C．knew D．agreed 8．A．All B．None C．Most D．Part 9．A．can B．must C．would D．should 10．A．learn B．forget C．avoid D．remember 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．B 4．A 5．C 6．B 7．B 8．D 9．D 10．A 【导语】本文讲述戚继光抗倭护国、牛顿好奇探索发现万有引力的故事，告诉我们要勤于提问、探索新知。 【详解】1．句意：戚继光是明朝的一位民族英雄。 空处需要填入名词作表语，后文交代他抗击倭寇、守护百姓，可知该空要填代表受人敬仰的人物的单词。leader“领袖”，hero“英雄”，soldier“士兵”，officer“军官”。hero“英雄”符合人物定位，其余词汇不符合语境。 2．句意：他年少参军，征战了很多次。 空前为joined，结合后文多次作战的内容，可判断此处是加入军队。army“军队”，navy“海军”，air force“空军”，police“警察”。固定搭配join the army意为“参军”，贴合打仗语境，其余词汇不合适。 3．句意：他是一位有才干的将军，也撰写兵法相关书籍。 空格引导定语从句修饰先行词general，从句缺少主语。which指代事物，who指代人且可作主语，whom指代人只可作宾语，what不能引导定语从句，因此选择who。 4．句意：他擅长训练士兵，带领一支强悍的军队。 空前固定搭配be good at后接动名词，后文出现a strong army，说明此处和培育士兵有关。training“训练”，fighting“打斗”，reading“阅读”，writing“写作”。training符合打造强军的语境，其余词义不符。 5．句意：他的军队被誉为 “戚家军”。 结合“Army of Qi”是军队美称，需要搭配固定短语。remembered“被记住”，forgotten“被遗忘”，honored“尊崇”，made“制作”。be honored as意为“被誉为”，更契合军队获得美称的语境，其他均不符。 6．句意：牛顿对大自然很好奇，提出了很多问题。 后文“asked many questions”是关键线索，说明对自然有好奇心。positive“积极的”，curious“好奇的”，brave“勇敢的”，creative“有创造力的”。be curious about意为“对……好奇”，和不断提问对应，其余单词不能构成该搭配。 7．句意：他想知道物体为什么会垂直下落。 前文苹果砸到脑袋，触发了他的思考疑惑。wondered体现内心疑惑思考，贴合场景；believed“相信”，knew“知道”，agreed“同意”，均不符合。 8．句意：这份发现的一部分来自他的好奇心和刻苦努力。 结合常识，一项科学发现由多重因素促成，part of表示“一部分”符合语境，All“全部”，None“毫无”，Most“大部分”，均不符。 9．句意：他的故事告诉我们，我们应该永远不要停止提问。 本句是总结道理、给出劝告，should用于提建议、讲道理，符合句子语气；can“能够”，must“必须”，would“将会”，均不符。 10．句意：不停提问并且学习新事物。 整篇文章推崇探索新知，learn new things为常用搭配，贴合文章主旨，forget“忘记”，avoid“躲避”，remember“记住”，均不符。 Passage 10 阅读短文，掌握其大意，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Many great people throughout history are really 1 . We look up to them and admire their courage and wisdom. Their stories are inspiring and become an inspiration for mankind. Some are scientists, such as chemists, physicists and biologists. Others are historians, researchers, thinkers and inventors. Marie Curie was a famous chemist. Her great 2 brought new knowledge to the whole world. She won the Nobel Prize. In her 3 , she once faced hunger and hard conditions, but she never dropped out of her research. She kept scientific exploration all her life. Newton, one of the British pioneers, lived in a special 4 hundreds of years ago. He made great discoveries about the universe. Many people wonder 5 he could achieve so much. Above all, he kept exploring day and night. In ancient China, during the Warring States Period (BCE), Confucius, a great thinker, spread his ideas across the nation. He taught people to keep balance and kindness. The Silk Road linked Western Regions and western countries. It helped spread culture for a whole 6 . Lots of stories from that period live on forever. Some brave women also left valuable things behind. Amelia Earhart was a brave pilot. She took a long 7 across the Atlantic Ocean. Her airway journey surprised the whole world. Her daughter Irène learned from her. Irène challenged herself and finished exploration by 8 . Great discovery never comes easily. It is 9 for people to hold on when facing difficulties. We cannot stop searching just because of holes and trouble on the way. If we keep trying, our dreams will 10 . Every small seed of exploration can grow into great success. 1．A．admirable B．wounded C．whole D．necessary 2．A．collection B．discovery C．pyramid D．woodwork 3．A．kingdom B．calendar C．childhood D．bank 4．A．period B．century C．flight D．hole 5．A．whether B．forever C．herself D．above all 6．A．soldier B．nation C．dynasty D．seed 7．A．flight B．airway C．radio D．disease 8．A．herself B．itself C．himself D．themselves 9．A．inspiring B．brave C．necessary D．scientific 10．A．drop out B．come true C．live on D．leave behind 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．A 6．B 7．A 8．A 9．C 10．B 【导语】本文介绍了历史上几位伟大人物，如居里夫人、牛顿、孔子和埃尔哈特，讲述了他们面对困难坚持探索的精神，激励人们追求梦想。 【详解】1．句意：历史上许多伟人真的很令人敬佩。 根据后文“We look up to them and admire their courage and wisdom.”（我们仰慕他们，钦佩他们的勇气和智慧），可知此处应填形容词“admirable”（令人敬佩的）。wounded（受伤的）、whole（完整的）、necessary（必要的）均不符合。 2．句意：她的伟大发现为全世界带来了新知识。 居里夫人是科学家，她的贡献是科学“发现”，应用“discovery”。collection（收藏）、pyramid（金字塔）、woodwork（木工）均不合。 3．句意：在她的童年时期，她曾面临饥饿和艰苦的条件。 根据“once faced hunger and hard conditions”可知是童年经历，应用“childhood”。kingdom（王国）、calendar（日历）、bank（银行）均不符。 4．句意：牛顿生活在几百年前的一个特殊时期。 “hundreds of years ago”表示时间，应用“period”（时期）。century（世纪）虽为时间，但前文已有“hundreds of years”，更侧重“时代阶段”，故选period更贴合。 5．句意：许多人想知道他是否能取得如此多的成就。 “wonder whether”表示“想知道是否……”，引导宾语从句。forever（永远）、above all（首要的是）均不作引导词。 6．句意：丝绸之路连接了西域和西方国家，它助力文化在整个国家传播。 根据前文“ancient China, during the Warring States Period”及“that period”的语境，此处指“整个国家”，应用“nation”。soldier（士兵）、dynasty（朝代）、seed（种子）不合均与丝绸之路无关。 7．句意：她进行了一次穿越大西洋的长途飞行。 阿梅莉亚·埃尔哈特是飞行员，应选“flight”（飞行）。airway（航线）为名词，但前文已有“took a long”，固定搭配“take a flight”；radio（无线电）、disease（疾病）均不符。 8．句意：她的女儿伊雷娜向母亲学习，伊雷娜挑战自己，独自完成了探索。 “by herself”表示“她独自”，反身代词与主语Irène一致。herself指“她自己”，符合；itself（它自己）、themselves（他们自己）均指代错误。 9．句意：对人们来说，面对困难时坚持下去是必要的。 “It is necessary for people to...”表示“对人们来说……是必要的”。inspiring（鼓舞人心的）、brave（勇敢的）虽为褒义，但此处强调“必要性”；scientific（科学的）不合语境。 10．句意：如果我们不断尝试，我们的梦想将会实现。 “dreams come true”表示“梦想成真”。drop out（退出）、live on（继续存在）、leave behind（留下）均不符。 培优拔高·挑战攻坚 Passage 1 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Tu Youyou — Lifelong Search for Malaria Cure Tu Youyou is a world-famous pharmacologist who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine. Over fifty years ago, malaria killed millions of people every year. The government asked her team to 1 a safe and cheap treatment for this deadly illness. At that time, lab conditions were simple and poor. Many scientists thought the task was almost impossible, 2 Tu never lost heart. She spent thousands of hours reading ancient Chinese medical books to find useful plants. Her team tried hundreds of herbs and kept testing different mixtures. It was hard 3 her to stay focused after countless failed experiments. But she believed she could make a 4 to global public health. One old herbal recipe caught her eye. Her team took the leaves of sweet wormwood and used special ways to get its active ingredien artemisinin. Years later, artemisinin was widely used worldwide. Millions of sick people no longer need to 5 on dangerous high-cost drugs. Tu’s lifelong effort has saved millions of lives across Africa and Asia. It was selfless 6 Tu to put public health above personal fame. When reporters asked her to 7 in more medical research, she always encouraged young students to join this field. She often says courage and patience are the two key 8 for any scientist. Today, many young medical researchers follow her example. Her story tells us that no huge difficulty can be 9 as long as we hold steady goals and never 10 our dreams. 1．A．look for B．give up C．take off D．hand in 2．A．and B．but C．so D．or 3．A．of B．for C．to D．with 4．A．mistake B．promise C．difference D．decision 5．A．depend B．carry C．turn D．put 6．A．of B．for C．to D．with 7．A．avoid B．join C．watch D．stop 8．A．wealth B．luck C．qualities D．fame 9．A．overlooked B．overcome C．overdone D．overused 10．A．give up B．pick up C．put up D．make up 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．B 4．C 5．A 6．A 7．B 8．C 9．B 10．A 【导语】本文介绍诺贝尔医学奖得主屠呦呦。五十多年前疟疾肆虐，且当时实验条件艰苦，许多科学家认为任务几乎不可能完成，但屠呦呦从未灰心。她翻阅古籍、反复试验，最终从青蒿中提取青蒿素。青蒿素在全球广泛使用，拯救了亚非数百万人。她的故事告诉我们，只要目标坚定、不放弃梦想，巨大的困难都可以被克服。 【详解】1．句意：政府要求她的团队寻找安全又廉价的疗法来对抗这种致命疾病。 结合原文“malaria killed millions of people every year”，团队需要寻找治疗疟疾的方法，look for意为“寻找”，符合语境。give up“放弃”、take off“起飞；脱掉”、hand in“上交”均不符合文意。 2．句意：很多科学家认为这项任务几乎不可能完成，但是屠呦呦从未灰心。 前后分句形成转折关系，but意为“但是”。and表并列，so表结果，or表选择，逻辑不匹配。 3．句意：经历无数次失败实验后，她很难保持专注。 固定句型It was hard for sb. to do sth.意为“对某人来说做某事很困难”，介词for符合语法。of、to、with不能构成该句型。 4．句意：但是她相信自己能够为全球公共卫生带来改变。 固定搭配make a difference意为“有影响，带来改变”，difference符合语境。mistake“错误”、promise“承诺”、decision“决定”不构成该短语。 5．句意：数百万病患不再需要依赖昂贵且有风险的药物。 固定搭配depend on意为“依靠、依赖”，depend符合语境。carry“携带”、turn“转动”、put“放置”无法搭配。 6．句意：屠呦呦将公共健康置于个人名望之上，她十分无私。 “It is+描述人物品质的形容词+of sb. to do sth.”是固定搭配，selfless是形容人的品质，选用of。for、to、with不适用于该句式。 7．句意：当记者邀请她参与更多医学研究时，她总是鼓励青年学生进入这个领域。 结合后文“encouraged young students to join this field”，join意为“参与；加入”，符合语境。avoid“避免”、watch“观看”、stop“停止”语义相反。 8．句意：她常说勇气和耐心是一名科学家必备的两项重要品质。 courage和patience都属于个人品质，qualities意为“品质”，符合语境。wealth“财富”、luck“运气”、fame“名望”不符合句意。 9．句意：她的故事告诉我们，只要目标坚定，任何巨大难题都能够被克服。 overcome意为“克服（困难）”，符合原文difficulty的搭配。overlooked“忽视”、overdone“做得过火”、overused“过度使用”不符合语境。 10．句意：只要我们坚守稳定目标，永不放弃梦想。 固定搭配give up意为“放弃”，give up our dreams表示“放弃梦想”。pick up“捡起”、put up“张贴”、make up“编造”不符合文意。 Passage 2 Throughout history, there have been many inspiring people who have changed the world. These people come from different 1 and times, but they all share one thing—the courage to 2 difficulties and make a difference. One such person is Marie Curie. She was a 3 and chemist who did important research on radioactivity (放射性). At that time, it was very 4 for a woman to work in science. But she never gave up. It was her 5 and determination (决心) that helped her succeed. She won the Nobel Prize 6 , and her discoveries have saved countless lives. Another inspiring figure is Zhong Yang, a biologist from China. He spent years 7 seeds (种子) in the mountains of Tibet. He believed that seeds were 8 for the future of our planet. Even though the work was hard and 9 , he continued his research until the end of his life. It was his 10 to science that made him a true hero. Today, we still look up to these inspiring people. Their stories remind us that with courage and hard work, we can also make the world a better place. 1．A．countries B．subjects C．families D．schools 2．A．spread B．admire C．face D．discover 3．A．historian B．physicist C．researcher D．chemist 4．A．easy B．kind C．brave D．difficult 5．A．hunger B．disease C．courage D．calendar 6．A．once B．twice C．three times D．never 7．A．collecting B．admiring C．spreading D．discovering 8．A．western B．brave C．wounded D．necessary 9．A．inspiring B．dangerous C．successful D．historical 10．A．discovery B．wisdom C．devotion (奉献) D．balance 【答案】 1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．C 6．B 7．A 8．D 9．B 10．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，通过介绍居里夫人和钟扬两位励志人物的经历，说明勇气、决心和奉献精神如何帮助人们克服困难、改变世界，激励读者以他们为榜样。 【详解】1．句意：这些人来自不同的国家和时代，但他们都有一个共同点——面对困难并有所作为的勇气。 后文提到“Marie Curie”和“Zhong Yang”，两人来自不同的国家，因此填countries“国家”。subjects“科目”、families“家庭”、schools“学校”，均不符合。 2．句意：这些人来自不同的国家和时代，但他们都有一个共同点——面对困难并有所作为的勇气。 根据“difficulties”可知，此处指面对困难，固定搭配“face difficulties”表示“面对困难”，spread“传播”、admire“钦佩”、discover“发现”，均不符合“克服困难”的语境。 3．句意：她是一位物理学家和化学家，从事放射性研究。 居里夫人是物理学家和化学家，且后文提到“research on radioactivity”，与物理相关。historian“历史学家”、researcher“研究员”、chemist“化学家”（句中已经有），均不符合。 4．句意：那时，女性从事科学研究是非常困难的。 后文“But she never gave up”说明当时环境艰难，difficult意为“困难的”，符合当时背景。easy“容易的”、kind“善良的”、brave“勇敢的”，均不符合。 5．句意：正是她的勇气和决心帮助她成功。 前文提到“the courage to...difficulties ”，面对困难的勇气帮助她成功，courage意为“勇气”，符合语境。hunger“饥饿”、disease“疾病”、calendar“日历”，均不符合。 6．句意：她两次获得诺贝尔奖，而且她的发现拯救了无数生命。 居里夫人曾获得1903年物理学奖和1911年化学奖，共两次，twice意为“两次”，符合事实。once“一次”、three times“三次”、never“从不”，均不符合。 7．句意：他在西藏山区花费数年时间收集种子。 钟扬以收集植物种子闻名，collecting意为“收集”，符合种子研究。admiring“钦佩”、spreading“传播”、discovering“发现”，均不符合。 8．句意：他认为种子对地球的未来是必要的。 后文“for the future”说明种子的重要性，necessary意为“必要的”，符合语境。western“西方的”、brave“勇敢的”、wounded“受伤的”，均不符合。 9．句意：尽管工作艰苦且危险，他一直持续研究，直到生命的尽头。 钟扬在西藏山区工作，环境危险，且与“hard”并列，dangerous意为“危险的”，符合语境。inspiring“鼓舞人心的”、successful“成功的”、historical“历史的”，均不符合。 10．句意：正是他对科学的奉献使他成为真正的英雄。 全文强调钟扬的坚持和付出，devotion意为“奉献”，符合他的精神品质。discovery“发现”、wisdom“智慧”、balance“平衡”，均不符合。 Passage 3 Yuan Longping is widely known as the “Father of Hybrid Rice”. He devoted his whole life to rice research to solve global hunger problems. He spent lots of time working in fields and kept carrying out field tests year by year. He would 1 the growth changes of rice plants carefully under hot summer sunshine. To improve rice output, his deep 2 of farming pushed him to test thousands of rice samples. 3 , local farm workers gave highly practical advice during those outdoor experiments. He always felt 4 when a new rice type produced satisfying harvests. Many foreign researchers 5 his research methods for their own crop experiments. He built a firm base for the wide planting of high-yield rice across the world later. It was 6 for him to walk into wet farmland to check crops on rainy days. 7 the bad weather, farmers from different nations attended his training courses to master modern planting skills. His endless   8 helped lots of poor areas get enough food supply. After finishing one research project, he would 9 new research plans for the coming farming season. We all 10 him for his great contributions to the world. 1．A．record B．return C．repeat D．require 2．A．courage B．duty C．knowledge D．trust 3．A．However B．Besides C．Instead D．Anyway 4．A．nervous B．tired C．calm D．pleased 5．A．put up B．gave up C．adopted D．took up 6．A．strange B．common C．safe D．easy 7．A．Because of B．Despite C．As for D．According to 8．A．warning B．effort C．request D．excuse 9．A．carry out B．set out C．make D．lay 10．A．look down on B．look up to C．look after D．look for 【答案】 1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．C 6．B 7．B 8．B 9．C 10．B 【导语】本文主要讲述了“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平毕生致力于水稻研究，克服困难，为全球粮食安全做出巨大贡献的故事。 【详解】1．句意：他会仔细记录水稻植株在烈日下的生长变化。 根据“growth changes…carefully”可知科研需要记录数据。记录变化符合科研逻辑，应选record。return“返回”；repeat“重复”；require“要求”不符合语境。 2．句意：为了提高水稻产量，他对农业的深厚知识推动他测试成千上万个水稻样本。 根据“farming”及研究者身份，专业知识是测试样本的基础。知识符合专家身份，应选knowledge，courage“勇气”；duty“责任”；trust“信任”不符合句意。 3．句意：此外，当地农民在那些户外实验中给出了非常实用的建议。 前后句是递进关系，补充说明帮助来源。Besides表示补充信息，However“然而”；Instead“代替”；Anyway“无论如何”不符合句意。 4．句意：当一个新的水稻品种产生令人满意的丰收时，他总是感到高兴。 根据“satisfying harvests”可知成果带来愉悦心情。成功令人高兴，应选pleased。nervous“紧张的”；tired“累的”；calm“冷静的”不符合句意。 5．句意：许多外国研究人员采纳了他的研究方法用于他们自己的作物实验。 根据“research methods”可知是采用方法。应是采纳方法，应选adopted。put up“张贴”；gave up“放弃”；took up“占据”不符合句意。 6．句意：对他来说，雨天走进湿地检查作物是平常事。 根据前文“devoted life”可知工作辛苦是常态。对他来说是平常事体现敬业精神，应填common，strange“奇怪的”；safe“安全的”；easy“容易的”不符合句意。 7．句意：尽管天气不好，来自不同国家的农民仍参加他的培训课程，学习现代种植技术。 前后存在转折让步关系，坏天气未阻止参加，应选Despite，表让步。Because of“因为”；As for“至于”；According to“根据”不符合语境。 8．句意：他无尽的努力帮助了许多贫困地区获得足够的食物供应。 根据上下文贡献可知是辛勤付出，effort符合奉献主题。warning“警告”；request“要求”；excuse“借口”不符合语境。 9．句意：完成一个研究项目后，他会为接下来的农季制定新的研究计划。 固定搭配：make plans表示“制定计划”。计划需先制定，应选make，carry out“执行”；set out“出发”；lay“放置”不符合语境。 10．句意：我们都因他对世界的巨大贡献而尊敬他。 根据“great contributions”可知是敬仰之情。look up to表示“尊敬”，符合语境。look down on“轻视”；look after“照顾”；look for“寻找”不符合句意。 Passage 4 Marie Curie spent her lifetime studying radioactive materials. She overcame tough living conditions and finally made historic breakthroughs in chemistry and physics. She would 1 experiment data deep into the night in the cold basement lab. Her strong 2 for scientific exploration kept her going through hard times. Long‑time lab work could 3 influence her daily rest for several months. She stayed 4 even if most trials brought poor results. Later, many young scientists 5 her research notes for their own studies. She received famous 6 for her two major discoveries. That simple basement room was surprisingly 7 for long‑term experiments all year round. 8 , global research teams studied her experimental results carefully to run follow‑up tests. Her great 9 laid the foundation for radiation treatment in modern medicine. Once one research task ended, she would   10 new exploration work at once. 1．A．kick B．check C．pick D．rock 2．A．position B．permission C．passion D．protection 3．A．partly B．greatly C．rarely D．lately 4．A．shameful B．harmful C．fearful D．hopeful 5．A．write down B．cut down C．refer to D．fall down 6．A．prices B．prizes C．parties D．paths 7．A．suitable B．expensive C．useless D．terrible 8．A．Later B．However C．Instead D．Anyway 9．A．memory B．discovery C．comment D．agreement 10．A．move B．start C．pass D．hold 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．B 14．D 15．C 6．B 7．A 8．A 9．B 10．B 【导语】本文讲述居里夫人毕生研究放射性物质。她在简陋寒冷的地下室实验室深夜核对实验数据，对科学探索的热忱支撑她熬过无数艰难岁月。后来无数青年科学家参考她的研究笔记开展研究，两项重大发现为她赢得著名奖项。 【详解】1．句意：她总会在阴冷的地下室实验室熬夜核对实验数据。 结合后文experiment data实验数据，check意为“核对、检查”，符合科研场景。kick“踢”、pick“挑选”、rock“摇晃”均和数据无搭配逻辑。 2．句意：她对科学探索强烈的热忱支撑她熬过艰难岁月。 结合全文她数十年坚持科研，passion意为“热忱、热爱”，贴合人物精神。position“职位”、permission“许可”、protection“保护”无原文情感线索支撑。 3．句意：长达数月的实验室工作会极大影响她的日常休息。 长期高强度实验会严重干扰休息，greatly意为“极大地”，修饰动词influence。partly“部分地”、rarely“很少”、lately“最近”语义不符。 4．句意：即便大多数实验都收效甚微，她依旧满怀希望。 即便屡次失败也没有放弃，hopeful意为“满怀希望的”。shameful“羞愧的”、harmful“有害的”、fearful“恐惧的”不符合居里夫人的状态。 5．句意：后来许多青年科学家参考她的研究笔记开展自己的研究。 科研领域借鉴前人笔记，固定搭配refer to意为“参考、查阅”。write down“写下”、cut down“砍伐、削减”、fall down“摔倒”不符合语境。 6．句意：她因两项重大发现斩获知名奖项。 居里夫人凭借科研成果获得诺贝尔奖等荣誉，prizes意为“奖项”。prices“价格”、parties“派对”、paths“道路”语义完全不符。 7．句意：那间简陋的地下室竟然全年都适合开展长期实验。 转折词surprisingly说明地下室适配实验，suitable意为“合适的”，固定搭配suitable for意为“适合……”。expensive“昂贵的”、useless“无用的”、terrible“糟糕的”和转折逻辑冲突。 8．句意：后来，全球各地科研团队仔细研读她的实验结果，开展后续测试。 按照时间顺序，在居里夫人完成研究之后各国团队跟进，Later意为“后来”。However“然而”表转折、Instead“相反”、Anyway“无论如何”无时间顺承逻辑。 9．句意：她伟大的发现为现代医学放射疗法奠定基础。 前文提及two major discoveries两项重大发现，discovery意为“发现”，对应后文医疗应用。memory“记忆”、comment“评论”、agreement“协议”不符合科研主题。 10．句意：一旦一项研究任务结束，她会立刻开启全新的探索工作。 完成一项研究后启动新项目，start意为“开启、开始”。move“移动”、pass“传递、通过”、hold“握住、举办”无法搭配new exploration work。 Passage 5 When we read the article about Stephen Hawking, we learn that he is far more 1 than most people who meet small troubles. His disease robbed him of almost all muscle movement, which made his life much 2 than ordinary people’s. He met far 3 suffering than other scientists, but he was far 4 willing to keep studying. Of all the scientists in modern times, Hawking is the 5 inspiring role model for teenagers. The 6 quality that helps him succeed is his positive life attitude. If we let troubles 7 in our way, all our efforts will become completely 8 . We should always 9 all difficulties and keep making 10 to our own dreams. 1．A．inspire B．inspiring C．inspired D．inspiration 2．A．hard B．harder C．hardest D．the hardest 3．A．many B．more C．most D．much 4．A．much B．more C．most D．little 5．A．more B．most C．much D．many 6．A．important B．more important C．most important D．less important 7．A．stand B．stands C．stood D．standing 8．A．meaningful B．meaningless C．useful D．useless 9．A．overcome B．overcomes C．overcame D．overcoming 10．A．contribution B．contributions C．contribute D．contributing 【答案】 1．B 2．B 3．B 4．B 5．B 6．C 7．A 8．B 9．A 10．B 【导语】本文主要讲述了霍金面对困难的态度，强调积极心态的重要性，鼓励青少年克服障碍，坚持梦想。 【详解】1．句意：当我们阅读关于斯蒂芬·霍金的文章时，会发现他远比大多数遇到小困难的人更具鼓舞力。 根据“far more…than”可知，此处需填形容词，修饰主语Hawking表示他给人的感觉，应用inspiring。inspire为动词原形；inspired“品质优秀的”；inspiration为名词，均不符。 2．句意：他的疾病几乎剥夺了他所有的肌肉活动能力，使他的生活比普通人困难得多。 根据“much…than”可知，此处需填形容词比较级，hard的比较级为harder。hard为原级；hardest为最高级；the hardest为最高级前加the，均不符。 3．句意：他经历的痛苦远比其他科学家多，但他却更加愿意继续研究。 句中出现than，far more suffering表示“多得多的苦难”，符合语义。many“许多”，most“最”，much“非常”，均不符。 4．句意：他经历的痛苦远比其他科学家多，但他却更加愿意继续研究。 根据“far…willing”可知，willing为多音节形容词，比较级为more willing，far可修饰比较级表程度，此处需填more。much为原级，不能构成willing的比较级；most为最高级；little表否定，均不符。 5．句意：在现代所有科学家中，霍金是青少年最鼓舞人心的榜样。 根据“Of all the scientists”可知，范围为三者以上，应用最高级，most inspiring（最有鼓舞作用的）。more为比较级；much和many不用于最高级，均不符。 6．句意：他取得成功最重要的品质是他积极的生活态度。 根据上下文可知，“积极的人生态度”是众多品质中最重要的，应用最高级most important。important为原级；more important为比较级；less important为“更不重要的”，均不符。 7．句意：如果我们让困难挡在面前，所有的努力都将变得毫无意义。 根据“let troubles”可知，let sb./sth. do为固定搭配，后接动词原形，stand符合。stands为第三人称单数；stood为过去式；standing为现在分词，均不符。 8．句意：如果我们让困难挡在面前，所有的努力都将变得毫无意义。 根据“If we let troubles stand in our way”可知，被困难阻挡会导致努力失去意义，应用meaningless（毫无意义的）。meaningful为“有意义的”；useful为“有用的”；useless为“无用的”，但此处强调“意义”而非“用处”，meaningless更贴切。 9．句意：我们应始终克服一切困难，不断为自己的梦想贡献力量。 根据“should always”可知，情态动词后接动词原形，overcome符合。overcomes为第三人称单数；overcame为过去式；overcoming为现在分词，均不符。 10．句意：我们应始终克服一切困难，不断为自己的梦想贡献力量。 根据“make contributions to”为固定搭配，意为“为……做贡献”，contribution需用复数形式contributions。contribution为单数；contribute为动词原形；contributing为现在分词，均不符。 Passage 6 Inspiring people have special spirits that touch our hearts. Tu Youyou is a respected Chinese medical researcher. She 1 lots of time doing medical research for malaria treatment. At that time, research conditions were poor. Tu Youyou and her team tried thousands of traditional medicine materials. They faced many failures but never 2 hope. She wanted to create effective medicine to save patients’ 3 . After plenty of experiments, artemisinin was finally invented. It has saved millions of lives across the world.      Tu Youyou once said one should keep modest even after getting great 4 . She still kept a simple daily lifestyle after winning the Nobel Prize. She did not care about fame. What she valued most was whether her research could 5 ordinary people. When we study these great people, we can easily find some common qualities. They have clear 6 to serve the public. They can stay patient during long boring experiments. They are ready to 7 personal comfort for public good. Many young people feel 8 after knowing their stories. These role models make teenagers understand that hard work will finally bring good results. If we keep learning from them, we can build stronger 9 to overcome our own difficulties. Slowly, we can also become people that can 10 others in our own life. 1．A．spent B．wasted C．forgot D . remembered 2．A．needed B．lost C．found D. had 3．A．money B．houses C．lives D. time 4．A．success B．trouble C．pressure D. luck 5．A．hurt B．help C．surprise D. feel 6．A．purpose B．excuse C．doubt D. hope 7．A．give up B．look for C．wait for D. get up 8．A．bored B．encouraged C．relaxed D. excited 9．A．fear B．will C．pride D. honesty 10．A．trouble B．inspire C．control D. help 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．B 6．A 7．A 8．B 9．B 10．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了榜样人物屠呦呦潜心研究青蒿素的事迹，讲述她淡泊名利、甘于奉献的可贵品质，同时告诉青少年要向榜样学习，磨炼自我，努力成为能够激励他人的人。 【详解】 1． 句意：她花费大量时间开展疟疾治疗的医学研究。 固定句型 spend time doing sth. 表示 “花费时间做某事”，文章讲述过去发生的事情，动词使用过去式 spent。wasted（浪费）、forgot（忘记）、remembered（记得），均和屠呦呦潜心科研的语境不符。 2．句意：他们遭遇无数次失败，但是从未失去希望。 连词 but 表转折，说明即便屡屡失败，团队依旧没有放弃。lose hope 是固定短语 “失去希望”，时态为一般过去时，用 lost。needed（需要）、found（找到）、had（拥有）不符合句意。 3．句意：她想要研制出有效的药物，挽救病人的生命。 结合医学研究、药物的语境，药物的作用是拯救生命。lives 意为 “生命”。money（金钱）、houses（房子）、time（时间）和医疗救治的主题无关。 4．句意：屠呦呦曾说，即便取得巨大成功，人依旧要保持谦逊。 根据下文 “winning the Nobel Prize（获得诺贝尔奖）”，诺贝尔奖代表巨大的成功。success 表示 “成功”。trouble（麻烦）、pressure（压力）、luck（运气），不符合语境。 5．句意：她最看重的是自己的研究是否能够帮助普通人。 屠呦呦研发青蒿素，目的就是造福、帮助普通老百姓。help 意为 “帮助”。hurt（伤害）、surprise（使惊讶）、feel（感受）和人物奉献的品格相悖。 6．句意：他们有着为公众服务的明确目标。 结合全文伟人品质，伟大人物心怀大众，拥有清晰的奋斗目标。purpose 意为 “目标，目的”。excuse（借口）、doubt（怀疑）语义消极；hope 侧重 “希望”，不能表达内心确立的奋斗方向。 7．句意：为了公共利益，他们甘愿放弃个人的安逸舒适。 give up 固定短语，含义 “放弃”。伟人会舍弃个人安逸，为集体、大众做贡献。look for（寻找）、wait for（等待）、get up（起床）语义不通。 8．句意：许多年轻人读完他们的故事之后备受鼓舞。 榜样人物的事迹会激励青少年。encouraged 形容词，“受到鼓舞的”。bored（感到无聊的）、relaxed（放松的）、excited（兴奋激动的）不符合文章逻辑。 9．句意：如果我们坚持向榜样学习，我们就可以磨炼更强大的意志，去战胜自己遇到的困难。 strong will 固定搭配，意为 “坚强的意志”，战胜困难需要依靠强大意志。fear（恐惧）、pride（骄傲）、honesty（诚实），不能和 overcome difficulties（克服困难）匹配。 10．句意：慢慢地，在我们自己的生活中，我们也可以成为能够激励别人的人。 文章开头 “Inspiring people have special spirits that touch our hearts” 点明主题 inspiring（鼓舞人心的）。inspire 动词，意为 “激励、鼓舞”。trouble（给…… 制造麻烦）、control（控制）语义错误；help（帮助）不能呼应全文核心词 inspiring。 Passage 7 阅读下面短文，理解大意，然后从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。 Ye Peijian is a big hero in space science. When he was a little kid, he 1 developing his country’s science and technology. When he grew up, he got a 2 to study in Switzerland. He worked super hard there and got his doctoral degree. But he didn’t choose to stay in the foreign country. He 3 his country, China, and wanted to do something great for it. So he came back to China quickly. Then, Ye Peijian started working on important space projects. One of them was the Chang’e lunar exploration programme. He and his 4 didn’t give up although there were so many problems when they worked on the Chang’e-1 project. They worked 5 . They tried different methods again and again. After a long time of hard work, they made Chang’e-1 fly to the moon 6 in 2007. Later, for the Chang’e-4 project, Ye Peijian had a big idea. He wanted to send the 7 to the far side of the moon. No one had ever done this before. Some people were worried because it was too hard. But Ye Peijian said, “We can do it 8 we try our best!” He and his team worked even harder. They found new ways to send the spacecraft and make it land safely on the far side of the moon. In 2019, Chang’e-4 landed there, and the whole world was 9 ! Thanks to Ye Peijian and his team, China made a big step in space exploration. His story shows us that we can make our dreams come true 10 we love our country, work hard, and never give up! 1．A．took up B．worried about C．dreamed of D．took after 2．A．place B．chance C．job D．task 3．A．missed B．left C．visited D．forgot 4．A．class B．club C．family D．team 5．A．hand in hand B．step by step C．day and night D．now and then 6．A．nearly B．easily C．secretly D．successfully 7．A．rocket B．telescope C．spacecraft D．exoplanet 8．A．while B．if C．though D．unless 9．A．surprised B．afraid C．nervous D．bored 10．A．as soon as B．as long as C．even if D．so that 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．C 6．D 7．C 8．B 9．A 10．B 【导语】本文讲述航天科学家叶培建从小立志报国，留学归国后带领团队攻坚克难，成功实现嫦娥探月工程的故事。 【详解】1．句意：当他还是个小孩子的时候，他梦想着发展自己国家的科学技术。 句子描述他小时候对于发展国家科技的一种想法。‌“dreamed of”表示“梦想”，“dream of doing sth.”即“梦想做某事”，符合他小时候梦想发展国家科技的语境，应选用“dreamed of”。‌took up”意为“开始从事”，一个小孩在小时候更多是梦想做某事，而非开始从事发展科技这么具体的事；“worried about”意为“担心”，语境中未体现担心之意；“took after”意为“与……相像”，与题意不符。 2．句意：当他长大后，他得到了一个去瑞士学习的机会。 他长大后获得了一个去瑞士学习的某种事物。‌“chance”表示“机会”，“get a chance to do sth.”表示“得到做某事的机会”，符合语境，应选用“chance”。‌place”意为“地方”，不符合逻辑；“job”意为“工作”，去瑞士是学习不是工作；“task”意为“任务”，此处并非指任务。 3．句意：他想念他的祖国——中国，并且想为它做一些了不起的事。 他没留在国外，是因为对自己国家有某种情感，想为国家做贡献。‌“missed”表示“想念”，符合他想念中国进而回国的语境，应选用missed”。“‌left”意为“离开”，逻辑不符；“visited”意为“参观”，“forgot”意为“忘记”，与文意相悖。 4．句意：在从事嫦娥一号项目工作时，尽管有诸多问题，他和他的团队也没有放弃。 结合项目工作的实际情况，在项目工作中通常是和团队一起努力，“team”表示“团队”，符合语境。‌class”意为“班级”，“club”意为“俱乐部”，“family”意为“家庭”，均不符合。 5．句意：他们日日夜夜地工作。 为了完成项目，他们反复尝试不同方法，说明工作状态是持续努力的。‌“day and night”表示“日日夜夜”，能体现他们为完成项目长时间持续工作的状态，应选用“day and night”。‌hand in hand”意为“手拉手”，与工作状态无关；“step by step”意为“一步一步地”，强调步骤，此处更强调工作时长；“now and then”意为“时不时地”，不符合反复尝试、持续工作的语境。 6．句意：经过长时间的努力工作，在 2007 年，他们成功地让嫦娥一号飞向了月球。 描述嫦娥一号飞向月球的结果。‌“successfully”表示“成功地”，符合经过努力后嫦娥一号成功飞向月球的语境，应选用“successfully”。‌nearly”意为“几乎”，不符合最终成功的结果；“easily”意为“容易地”，项目有很多问题，并非容易完成；“secretly”意为“秘密地”，与文意无关。 7．句意：他想把航天器送到月球的背面。 前文提到嫦娥项目是月球探索项目。‌“spacecraft”表示“航天器”，符合将航天器送到月球背面的语境，应选用“spacecraft”。‌rocket”意为“火箭”，通常是发射航天器的工具，不是送到月球背面的主体；“telescope”意为“望远镜”，与送到月球背面无关；“exoplanet”意为“系外行星”，与题意不符。 8．句意：如果我们尽最大努力，我们就能做到！ 前后句是条件关系。‌“if”表示“如果”，引导条件状语从句，“如果我们尽最大努力，我们就能做到”符合逻辑，应选用“if”。‌“while”意为“当……时候；然而”，引导时间状语从句或表转折，不符合此处条件关系；“though”意为“尽管”，引导让步状语从句；“unless”意为“除非”，逻辑不符。 9．句意：2019 年，嫦娥四号在那里着陆，全世界都感到惊讶！ 嫦娥四号在月球背面着陆是史无前例的成就，描述全世界的反应。“surprised”表示“惊讶的”，符合全世界对这一成就感到惊讶的语境，应选用surprised”。‌afraid”意为“害怕的”，不符合对成就的反应；“nervous”意为“紧张的”，也不恰当；“bored”意为“无聊的”，与文意相悖。 10．句意：他的故事告诉我们，只要我们热爱祖国，努力工作，永不放弃，就能实现梦想！ 前后句是条件关系。‌“as long as”表示“只要”，引导条件状语从句，“只要我们热爱我们的国家，努力工作，永不放弃，我们就能实现梦想”符合逻辑，应选用“as long as”。‌as soon as”意为“一……就……”，引导时间状语从句；“even if”意为“即使”，引导让步状语从句；“so that”意为“以便，为了”，引导目的状语从句，均不符合语境。 Passage 8 Life Is a Handful of Candy One sunny morning, Einstein’s assistant said to him, “Someone wants to invite you to make a 1 at the weekend and the reward is 10,000 dollars.” Einstein 2 and said he would go to tutor (辅导) Sophie who studied in a junior high school. “Can’t you cut down on tutoring Sophie just 3 ?” the assistant asked. “No, I’m still thinking of her candy,” Einstein said with a smile. Was her candy so 4 ? The assistant didn’t understand.You know, Sophie 5 Einstein only half of her candy. That day, seeing Einstein come back from Sophie’s home 6 , the assistant asked him why he was happy. Einstein told him, “Today, Sophie’s teacher thought highly of her 7 , saying that she had an excellent tutor. The young girl was also 8 pleased that she awarded me a handful of candy, which made me particularly happy.” Later, in Einstein’s diary, people 9 read that he thought much of such a thing. It turned out that in the worldfamous scientist’s eyes, the young girl’s sunny 10 and a handful of common candy were the sweetest spring that nourished (滋养) his life. 1．A．speech B．space C．speed D．spread 2．A．reduced B．refused C．received D．replied 3．A．even B．later C．once D．soon 4．A．expensive B．big C．valuable D．sweet 5．A．cost B．took C．paid D．spent 6．A．sadly B．kindly C．happily D．hardly 7．A．progress B．success C．subject D．courage 8．A．very B．such C．too D．so 9．A．in trouble B．once again C．in surprise D．at last 10．A．smell B．tears C．smile D．taste 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．C 6．C 7．A 8．D 9．B 10．C 【导语】本文讲述爱因斯坦拒绝高额演讲报酬，坚持辅导女孩Sophie的故事。对他而言，女孩的笑容和糖果比金钱更珍贵，滋养了他的生命。 【详解】1．句意：有人想邀请你周末做一场演讲。 根据语境和固定搭配make a speech，可知此处是邀请去“做演讲”。speech“演讲”，符合题意。space（空间）、speed（速度）、spread（传播）均无法搭配 make a，排除。 2．句意：爱因斯坦拒绝了，说要去辅导Sophie。 根据后文他选择去辅导而非接受报酬，可知他“拒绝”了邀请。refused“拒绝”，符合题意。reduced（减少）、received（收到）不符合语境；replied（回复）只表示回应，体现不出拒绝的态度。 3．句意：你就不能减少辅导Sophie 一次吗？ 根据“just”及语境，just once 意为“就一次”，符合助手请求减少频率的语境。once“一次”，符合题意。even（甚至）、later（后来）、soon（不久）语义不通。 4．句意：她的糖果真那么甜吗？ 根据后文“sweetest spring”及糖果特性，此处指糖果的“甜”及心意的甜。sweet“甜的”符合题意。expensive（昂贵的）big（大的）、 valuable（珍贵、有价值）语义不符。 5．句意：Sophie只付给爱因斯坦一半糖果。 根据主语Sophie及宾语Einstein，pay sb. sth. 意为“付给某人某物”，paid，pay“支付”的过去式，符合语境。cost（花费，主语为物品）；spent（花费时间 / 金钱）；took（分给 / 拿给某人某物）搭配不符。 6．句意：看到爱因斯坦开心地从Sophie家回来。 根据后文助手问“why he was happy”，可知他是“开心地”回来。happily“开心地”，符合题意。sadly（难过地）、hardly（几乎不）语义相反；kindly（友善地）不能形容回家的状态。 7．句意：老师高度评价她的进步。 根据辅导语境及老师表扬，通常指学生的“进步”。progress“进步”，符合题意。success（成功）程度过重；subject（学科）、courage（勇气）和辅导带来的变化无关。 8．句意：女孩如此高兴以至于奖给我糖果。 根据“pleased that”，构成so...that... 结构，意为“如此……以至于……”。very不接that从句。so符合题意。very不能搭配 that；such后接名词短语；too 搭配to do，不接that从句。 9．句意：人们再次读到他对这件事的看法。 根据“Later, in Einstein’s diary”，表示后来人们在日记中“再次”读到此事。once again“再一次，又一次”符合题意。in trouble（陷入麻烦）、in surprise （惊讶地、出乎意料地）、at last（最终）逻辑不符。 10．句意：女孩阳光般的笑容和糖果。 根据“sunny”及前文爱因斯坦微笑的语境，sunny smile意为“阳光般的笑容”，符合主旨，选smile。smell（气味）、tears（泪水）负面；taste（味道）无法用 sunny 修饰。 ( 1 / 13 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Great People 完形填空题型专练（话题：人与社会—著名人物） 热点题型概览 核心模块 具体内容说明 题型解读 1. 题型定位：初中标准完形填空，短文 10 个小题；考查词类覆盖名词、动词、形容词、副词、连词、固定短语、代词、定语从句引导词、非谓语动词； 2. 命题核心：以上下文逻辑推理、词义辨析、固定搭配、人物常识背景为主要考点； 3. 话题载体：全部围绕人与社会 —— 杰出榜样人物，涵盖中外科学家、民族英雄、历史名人；记叙文为主，先讲述人物事迹，结尾升华精神品质，传递德育价值。 解题技巧 1. 通读全文把握故事主线：先理清人物身份、经历、故事结局、文章主旨（人物的精神品质：坚持、奉献、爱国、宽容、好奇心等）； 2. 优先锁定固定搭配、动词短语、语法结构（非谓语、定语从句、状语从句），快速排除错误选项； 3. 依托人物常识、生活逻辑辅助排除明显违背人物事迹的干扰项； 4. 辨析易混动词、形容词、名词，重点区分近义词语义差别； 5. 标记逻辑连词（but/so/if/because/however），分清转折、因果、条件、让步关系； 6. 全部填完回读全文，校验语义、时态、语法是否通顺，确保主旨统一。 命题预测 - 单元话题 围绕中外伟大人物命题：中国代表人物（袁隆平、屠呦呦、钟扬、叶培建、戚继光等）；国外代表人物（爱迪生、居里夫人、牛顿、爱因斯坦等）；素材聚焦人物成长、科研奋斗、克服困难、无私奉献、宽容待人；文章结尾升华榜样精神，渗透德育。 命题预测 - 核心考点 1. 语法高频：非谓语动词（spend…doing；devote…to doing；let/make sb. do）；定语从句关系代词（who/whose/which/when）；状语从句引导词（but/if/because/although）； 2. 词汇高频：动词短语辨析；褒贬类形容词辨析；抽象名词（quality、courage、perseverance、purpose、contribution）； 3. 能力考查：上下文逻辑推理；结合人物背景常识做题；把握文章主旨、情感态度。 题型夯基提升 巩固基础·专项突破 Passage 1 Everybody knows that Edison is a famous scientist who invented the electric light bulb. But maybe fewer people 1 about his being kind and forgiving (原谅) towards others. The following is a true story about him. At one point in his experiments, Edison had at last 2 a working bulb—the final result of hundreds of trials (实验). It was the first electric light bulb that had ever been made, and Edison was full of 3 . He had dreamed of this moment for years. “Take it upstairs, Jimmy,” he said, handing it to his assistant (助手), Jimmy Price. 4 there was a crash, and Edison turned around to see that his precious bulb had fallen to the ground and broken into pieces on the floor. Jimmy had let the bulb slip (滑落) through his fingers 5 . Edison said nothing, but everyone could imagine what his thoughts were. He went back to his worktable and set to work once more to make another 6 . A few days later, a new bulb was finally ready. There it 7 on the table in front of its maker, fully completed. Then Edison did a very big thing. With a smile, he handed the new bulb to Jimmy. “Be careful this time,” he said. He was giving the young man another 8 . Jimmy did not break it, so we have millions of bulbs in the world today. As a proverb says, “Not the power to 9 , but its very opposite, the power to forget, is a necessary condition for our existence.” Life is too short and no one is 10 . If we can forgive those who have hurt us, we will have a better life. 1．A．have heard B．have worried C．have brought D．have looked 2．A．sold B．produced C．accepted D．checked 3．A．hope B．anxiety C．pride D．surprise 4．A．Luckily B．Excitingly C．Finally D．Suddenly 5．A．sadly B．angrily C．carelessly D．carefully 6．A．fan B．bulb C．phone D．book 7．A．learned B．held C．put D．lay 8．A．chance B．hand C．reason D．talk 9．A．receive B．remember C．keep D．improve 10．A．strong B．nice C．bad D．perfect Passage 2 阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 My grandfather often tells me stories about great people in Chinese history. He says that every great person has a unique 1 to share. One of his favorite stories is about a scientist 2 spent his whole life studying astronomy. This scientist lived during the Ming Dynasty. He did not have modern 3 like telescopes or computers. But he was very 4 and patient. He watched the stars every night for over 30 years. He recorded everything he saw in 5 notebooks. His work 6 the foundation for later astronomical research in China. My grandfather 7 me that this scientist was not born great. He was just an ordinary person who had a strong 8 to learn. He never gave up, even when he faced difficulties. His   9 teaches us that anyone can achieve great things with 10 , dedication, and hard work. 1．A．story B．lesson C．report D．problem 2．A．which B．whom C．who D．whose 3．A．books B．tools C．courses D．rules 4．A．lazy B．careless C．hardworking D．humorous 5．A．his B．her C．their D．our 6．A．laid B．lay C．lied D．lain 7．A．asked B．ordered C．warned D．told 8．A．doubt B．desire C．promise D．chance 9．A．failure B．mistake C．example D．excuse 10．A．creativity B．luck C．money D．patience Passage 3 Zhong Yang was a famous biologist in China. He spent his 1 life researching plants and seeds. He was born in 1964 and 2 university at the early age of 15. There, he studied radio engineering and later became 3 in plants. In 2001, Zhong Yang began his travels across Xizang to collect seeds. It was very 4 for him to brave the cold weather and great heights. He sometimes fell 5 , but he always continued with his work. Zhong Yang knew it was better to 6 more people when doing important work. He began a programme to find and train local students to become 7 . Together, he and his team 8 more than 40 million seeds from around 1,000 plants. Zhong Yang left behind more than just a huge 9 of seeds. His love for his job and research lives on in his students. He once said, “My students will continue on the road of scientific 10 and the seeds we have collected may grow hundreds of years from now.” 1．A．common B．whole C．western D．valuable 2．A．dropped out of B．entered C．refused D．left 3．A．interested B．necessary C．creative D．brave 4．A．important B．easy C．difficult D．helpful 5．A．sick B．hungry C．wounded D．tired 6．A．include B．refuse C．spread D．discover 7．A．soldiers B．guards C．scientists D．historians 8．A．discovered B．designed C．collected D．developed 9．A．collection B．exploration C．knowledge D．curiosity 10．A．research B．discovery C．exploration D．thinking Passage 4 Tu Youyou is a great scientist in China. She is best known for her work on artemisinin (青蒿素), a medicine that has saved millions of lives around the world. Tu Youyou was born in 1930. When she was young, she showed great 1 about science. She studied hard and became a 2 researcher. In the 1960s, many people were dying from malaria (疟疾). Tu Youyou 3 to find a cure for this terrible disease. At that time, there were not enough modern tools or 4 . The work was very hard. But Tu Youyou never 5 up. She and her team read many old books and tried over 2,000 6 . Finally, they succeeded in finding artemisinin from a special herb. Tu Youyou’s discovery was a great 7 to the world. It has helped 8 the number of deaths from malaria. In 2015, she won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. She became the first Chinese woman to 9 this great honor (荣誉). Many people 10 Tu Youyou and find her an inspiring person. Her courage and wisdom have encouraged millions of young people to follow their dreams. 1．A．courage B．wisdom C．curiosity D．hunger 2．A．professional B．brave C．western D．common 3．A．refused B．managed C．warned D．avoided 4．A．manpower B．knowledge C．calendar D．flight 5．A．gave B．took C．put D．looked 6．A．holes B．flights C．plants D．calendars 7．A．disease B．contribution C．hunger D．spread 8．A．reduce B．spread C．discover D．encourage 9．A．avoid B．receive C．refuse D．hit 10．A．look up to B．look for C．look after D．look through Passage 5 Yuan Longping Yuan Longping is a great Chinese scientist. He is 1 as the “Father of Hybrid Rice”. When he was young, he saw many people go hungry. So he made up his 2 to help them grow more rice. He spent many years working in the fields. He did thousands of experiments. He faced many difficulties and failures, 3 he never gave up. At last, he succeeded in developing hybrid rice. It helped produce much more rice and saved millions of 4 around the world. Yuan was famous but lived a simple life. He cared 5 about money or fame. He kept working until his last days. His spirit of hard work and devotion 6 us all. He is truly an inspiring person who gave his life to helping others. We should learn from him. We should be 7 and never give up when facing difficulties. We should try our best to do something 8 for society. We should 9 his spirit and pass it on. We should work hard to 10 our dreams come true. 1．A．heard B．seen C．known D．found 2．A．head B．mind C．body D．arm 3．A．so B．but C．and D．or 4．A．lives B．life C．animals D．plants 5．A．much B．many C．few D．little 6．A．encourages B．stops C．refuses D．allows 7．A．lazy B．brave C．shy D．strict 8．A．useless B．funny C．valuable D．boring 9．A．remember B．forget C．lose D．throw 10．A．make B．get C．take D．bring Passage 6 Tu Youyou is a great scientist who 1 the Nobel Prize in 2015. She was born in 1930 in Zhejiang Province. She studied medicine and became a researcher. In the 1960s, a serious disease was 2 many people’s lives. Tu was 3 to lead a research team to find a cure. Tu and her team took a creative approach. They looked 4 traditional Chinese medicine books. They did hundreds of experiments, 5 they all failed. However, Tu never gave up. She 6 in herself and her team. Finally, she found a way to develop the drug. To make 7 the drug was safe, Tu and two other researchers 8 to test it on themselves. Since then, the drug has saved millions of lives. Tu Youyou’s work shows that 9 and creativity can lead to great discoveries. She is a true 10 for all of us. 1．A．received B．receiver C．receives D．receiving 2．A．saving B．taking C．protecting D．changing 3．A．asked B．chosen C．told D．made 4．A．at B．after C．into D．for 5．A．and B．so C．but D．or 6．A．believed B．thought C．wondered D．doubted 7．A．clear B．sure C．known D．possible 8．A．refused B．forgot C．volunteered D．decided 9．A．laziness B．fear C．intelligence D．perseverance 10．A．hero B．teacher C．writer D．leader Passage 7 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Yuan Longping, known as the “Father of Hybrid Rice”, was a great scientist who devoted his life to 1 agriculture and feeding people around the world. Born in 1930, Yuan grew up in a time 2 China faced serious food shortages. He saw many people 3 from hunger, which made him determined to find a way to produce more rice. After years of hard work, he 4 developed hybrid rice in the 1970s. This breakthrough increased rice production 5 and helped solve the food problem for millions of people. Yuan was never satisfied 6 his achievements. Even in his 80s, he continued working in the fields. He once said, “I have a dream 7 I can grow rice as tall as sorghum, with grains as big as peanuts.” He also spent much time 8 young scientists and sharing his knowledge with them. Yuan Longping passed away in 2021, but his spirit lives on. He is a hero 9 work has made the world a better place. His story teaches us that 10 we work hard and never give up, we can make a real difference. 1．A．improve B．improving C．improved D．improvement 2．A．which B．that C．when D．where 3．A．suffer B．suffering C．suffered D．to suffer 4．A．successful B．successfully C．success D．succeed 5．A．great B．greatly C．greater D．greatest 6．A．with B．for C．of D．about 7．A．which B．that C．when D．where 8．A．teach B．teaching C．to teach D．taught 9．A．which B．who C．whose D．whom 10．A．if B．because C．although D．unless Passage 8 阅读下面的短文，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。 Zhong Yang was a seed scientist who spent his whole life 1 plants and seeds. He was born in 1964 and entered university 2 the early age of 15. At first, he studied radio engineering, but later he became 3 in plants. In 2001, Zhong Yang began his travels across Xizang to collect seeds. It was very 4 for him to brave the cold weather and great heights. He sometimes fell sick, 5 he always continued with his work. Zhong Yang knew it was better to 6 more people when doing important work. He began a programme to find and train local students 7 field research. Together, he and his team collected more than 40 million seeds from about 1,000 kinds of plants. Their hard work 8 the world with lots of new information about the plants in China. Zhong Yang died in a car accident in 2017. 9 , his love for his job and research lives on in his students. He once said, “My students will 10 on the road of scientific exploration.” 1．A．researching B．research C．researched D．researches 2．A．in B．on C．at D．for 3．A．bored B．interested C．tired D．worried 4．A．easy B．interesting C．difficult D．exciting 5．A．or B．so C．but D．because 6．A．include B．refuse C．avoid D．stop 7．A．on B．in C．at D．for 8．A．provided B．refused C．avoided D．stopped 9．A．However B．Therefore C．Besides D．Instead 10．A．give B．put C．continue D．depend Passage 9 阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Qi Jiguang was a national 1 in the Ming Dynasty. He joined the 2 at a young age and fought many times. He was a talented general 3 also wrote books about the art of war. He was good at 4 soldiers and led a strong army. His army was 5 as the “Army of Qi”. He fought against enemies from Japan and protected the people. Isaac Newton was a great scientist. He was 6 about nature and asked many questions. One day, an apple fell on his head. He 7 why things fell straight down. He later discovered the law of gravity. 8 of this discovery came from his curiosity and hard work. His story teaches us that we 9 never stop asking questions and 10 new things. 1．A．leader B．hero C．soldier D．officer 2．A．army B．navy C．air force D．police 3．A．which B．who C．whom D．what 4．A．training B．fighting C．reading D．writing 5．A．remembered B．forgotten C．honored D．made 6．A．positive B．curious C．brave D．creative 7．A．believed B．wondered C．knew D．agreed 8．A．All B．None C．Most D．Part 9．A．can B．must C．would D．should 10．A．learn B．forget C．avoid D．remember Passage 10 阅读短文，掌握其大意，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Many great people throughout history are really 1 . We look up to them and admire their courage and wisdom. Their stories are inspiring and become an inspiration for mankind. Some are scientists, such as chemists, physicists and biologists. Others are historians, researchers, thinkers and inventors. Marie Curie was a famous chemist. Her great 2 brought new knowledge to the whole world. She won the Nobel Prize. In her 3 , she once faced hunger and hard conditions, but she never dropped out of her research. She kept scientific exploration all her life. Newton, one of the British pioneers, lived in a special 4 hundreds of years ago. He made great discoveries about the universe. Many people wonder 5 he could achieve so much. Above all, he kept exploring day and night. In ancient China, during the Warring States Period (BCE), Confucius, a great thinker, spread his ideas across the nation. He taught people to keep balance and kindness. The Silk Road linked Western Regions and western countries. It helped spread culture for a whole 6 . Lots of stories from that period live on forever. Some brave women also left valuable things behind. Amelia Earhart was a brave pilot. She took a long 7 across the Atlantic Ocean. Her airway journey surprised the whole world. Her daughter Irène learned from her. Irène challenged herself and finished exploration by 8 . Great discovery never comes easily. It is 9 for people to hold on when facing difficulties. We cannot stop searching just because of holes and trouble on the way. If we keep trying, our dreams will 10 . Every small seed of exploration can grow into great success. 1．A．admirable B．wounded C．whole D．necessary 2．A．collection B．discovery C．pyramid D．woodwork 3．A．kingdom B．calendar C．childhood D．bank 4．A．period B．century C．flight D．hole 5．A．whether B．forever C．herself D．above all 6．A．soldier B．nation C．dynasty D．seed 7．A．flight B．airway C．radio D．disease 8．A．herself B．itself C．himself D．themselves 9．A．inspiring B．brave C．necessary D．scientific 10．A．drop out B．come true C．live on D．leave behind 培优拔高·挑战攻坚 Passage 1 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Tu Youyou — Lifelong Search for Malaria Cure Tu Youyou is a world-famous pharmacologist who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine. Over fifty years ago, malaria killed millions of people every year. The government asked her team to 1 a safe and cheap treatment for this deadly illness. At that time, lab conditions were simple and poor. Many scientists thought the task was almost impossible, 2 Tu never lost heart. She spent thousands of hours reading ancient Chinese medical books to find useful plants. Her team tried hundreds of herbs and kept testing different mixtures. It was hard 3 her to stay focused after countless failed experiments. But she believed she could make a 4 to global public health. One old herbal recipe caught her eye. Her team took the leaves of sweet wormwood and used special ways to get its active ingredien artemisinin. Years later, artemisinin was widely used worldwide. Millions of sick people no longer need to 5 on dangerous high-cost drugs. Tu’s lifelong effort has saved millions of lives across Africa and Asia. It was selfless 6 Tu to put public health above personal fame. When reporters asked her to 7 in more medical research, she always encouraged young students to join this field. She often says courage and patience are the two key 8 for any scientist. Today, many young medical researchers follow her example. Her story tells us that no huge difficulty can be 9 as long as we hold steady goals and never 10 our dreams. 1．A．look for B．give up C．take off D．hand in 2．A．and B．but C．so D．or 3．A．of B．for C．to D．with 4．A．mistake B．promise C．difference D．decision 5．A．depend B．carry C．turn D．put 6．A．of B．for C．to D．with 7．A．avoid B．join C．watch D．stop 8．A．wealth B．luck C．qualities D．fame 9．A．overlooked B．overcome C．overdone D．overused 10．A．give up B．pick up C．put up D．make up Passage 2 Throughout history, there have been many inspiring people who have changed the world. These people come from different 1 and times, but they all share one thing—the courage to 2 difficulties and make a difference. One such person is Marie Curie. She was a 3 and chemist who did important research on radioactivity (放射性). At that time, it was very 4 for a woman to work in science. But she never gave up. It was her 5 and determination (决心) that helped her succeed. She won the Nobel Prize 6 , and her discoveries have saved countless lives. Another inspiring figure is Zhong Yang, a biologist from China. He spent years 7 seeds (种子) in the mountains of Tibet. He believed that seeds were 8 for the future of our planet. Even though the work was hard and 9 , he continued his research until the end of his life. It was his 10 to science that made him a true hero. Today, we still look up to these inspiring people. Their stories remind us that with courage and hard work, we can also make the world a better place. 1．A．countries B．subjects C．families D．schools 2．A．spread B．admire C．face D．discover 3．A．historian B．physicist C．researcher D．chemist 4．A．easy B．kind C．brave D．difficult 5．A．hunger B．disease C．courage D．calendar 6．A．once B．twice C．three times D．never 7．A．collecting B．admiring C．spreading D．discovering 8．A．western B．brave C．wounded D．necessary 9．A．inspiring B．dangerous C．successful D．historical 10．A．discovery B．wisdom C．devotion (奉献) D．balance Passage 3 Yuan Longping is widely known as the “Father of Hybrid Rice”. He devoted his whole life to rice research to solve global hunger problems. He spent lots of time working in fields and kept carrying out field tests year by year. He would 1 the growth changes of rice plants carefully under hot summer sunshine. To improve rice output, his deep 2 of farming pushed him to test thousands of rice samples. 3 , local farm workers gave highly practical advice during those outdoor experiments. He always felt 4 when a new rice type produced satisfying harvests. Many foreign researchers 5 his research methods for their own crop experiments. He built a firm base for the wide planting of high-yield rice across the world later. It was 6 for him to walk into wet farmland to check crops on rainy days. 7 the bad weather, farmers from different nations attended his training courses to master modern planting skills. His endless   8 helped lots of poor areas get enough food supply. After finishing one research project, he would 9 new research plans for the coming farming season. We all 10 him for his great contributions to the world. 1．A．record B．return C．repeat D．require 2．A．courage B．duty C．knowledge D．trust 3．A．However B．Besides C．Instead D．Anyway 4．A．nervous B．tired C．calm D．pleased 5．A．put up B．gave up C．adopted D．took up 6．A．strange B．common C．safe D．easy 7．A．Because of B．Despite C．As for D．According to 8．A．warning B．effort C．request D．excuse 9．A．carry out B．set out C．make D．lay 10．A．look down on B．look up to C．look after D．look for Passage 4 Marie Curie spent her lifetime studying radioactive materials. She overcame tough living conditions and finally made historic breakthroughs in chemistry and physics. She would 1 experiment data deep into the night in the cold basement lab. Her strong 2 for scientific exploration kept her going through hard times. Long‑time lab work could 3 influence her daily rest for several months. She stayed 4 even if most trials brought poor results. Later, many young scientists 5 her research notes for their own studies. She received famous 6 for her two major discoveries. That simple basement room was surprisingly 7 for long‑term experiments all year round. 8 , global research teams studied her experimental results carefully to run follow‑up tests. Her great 9 laid the foundation for radiation treatment in modern medicine. Once one research task ended, she would   10 new exploration work at once. 1．A．kick B．check C．pick D．rock 2．A．position B．permission C．passion D．protection 3．A．partly B．greatly C．rarely D．lately 4．A．shameful B．harmful C．fearful D．hopeful 5．A．write down B．cut down C．refer to D．fall down 6．A．prices B．prizes C．parties D．paths 7．A．suitable B．expensive C．useless D．terrible 8．A．Later B．However C．Instead D．Anyway 9．A．memory B．discovery C．comment D．agreement 10．A．move B．start C．pass D．hold Passage 5 When we read the article about Stephen Hawking, we learn that he is far more 1 than most people who meet small troubles. His disease robbed him of almost all muscle movement, which made his life much 2 than ordinary people’s. He met far 3 suffering than other scientists, but he was far 4 willing to keep studying. Of all the scientists in modern times, Hawking is the 5 inspiring role model for teenagers. The 6 quality that helps him succeed is his positive life attitude. If we let troubles 7 in our way, all our efforts will become completely 8 . We should always 9 all difficulties and keep making 10 to our own dreams. 1．A．inspire B．inspiring C．inspired D．inspiration 2．A．hard B．harder C．hardest D．the hardest 3．A．many B．more C．most D．much 4．A．much B．more C．most D．little 5．A．more B．most C．much D．many 6．A．important B．more important C．most important D．less important 7．A．stand B．stands C．stood D．standing 8．A．meaningful B．meaningless C．useful D．useless 9．A．overcome B．overcomes C．overcame D．overcoming 10．A．contribution B．contributions C．contribute D．contributing Passage 6 Inspiring people have special spirits that touch our hearts. Tu Youyou is a respected Chinese medical researcher. She 1 lots of time doing medical research for malaria treatment. At that time, research conditions were poor. Tu Youyou and her team tried thousands of traditional medicine materials. They faced many failures but never 2 hope. She wanted to create effective medicine to save patients’ 3 . After plenty of experiments, artemisinin was finally invented. It has saved millions of lives across the world.      Tu Youyou once said one should keep modest even after getting great 4 . She still kept a simple daily lifestyle after winning the Nobel Prize. She did not care about fame. What she valued most was whether her research could 5 ordinary people. When we study these great people, we can easily find some common qualities. They have clear 6 to serve the public. They can stay patient during long boring experiments. They are ready to 7 personal comfort for public good. Many young people feel 8 after knowing their stories. These role models make teenagers understand that hard work will finally bring good results. If we keep learning from them, we can build stronger 9 to overcome our own difficulties. Slowly, we can also become people that can 10 others in our own life. 1．A．spent B．wasted C．forgot D . remembered 2．A．needed B．lost C．found D. had 3．A．money B．houses C．lives D. time 4．A．success B．trouble C．pressure D. luck 5．A．hurt B．help C．surprise D. feel 6．A．purpose B．excuse C．doubt D. hope 7．A．give up B．look for C．wait for D. get up 8．A．bored B．encouraged C．relaxed D. excited 9．A．fear B．will C．pride D. honesty 10．A．trouble B．inspire C．control D. help Passage 7 阅读下面短文，理解大意，然后从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。 Ye Peijian is a big hero in space science. When he was a little kid, he 1 developing his country’s science and technology. When he grew up, he got a 2 to study in Switzerland. He worked super hard there and got his doctoral degree. But he didn’t choose to stay in the foreign country. He 3 his country, China, and wanted to do something great for it. So he came back to China quickly. Then, Ye Peijian started working on important space projects. One of them was the Chang’e lunar exploration programme. He and his 4 didn’t give up although there were so many problems when they worked on the Chang’e-1 project. They worked 5 . They tried different methods again and again. After a long time of hard work, they made Chang’e-1 fly to the moon 6 in 2007. Later, for the Chang’e-4 project, Ye Peijian had a big idea. He wanted to send the 7 to the far side of the moon. No one had ever done this before. Some people were worried because it was too hard. But Ye Peijian said, “We can do it 8 we try our best!” He and his team worked even harder. They found new ways to send the spacecraft and make it land safely on the far side of the moon. In 2019, Chang’e-4 landed there, and the whole world was 9 ! Thanks to Ye Peijian and his team, China made a big step in space exploration. His story shows us that we can make our dreams come true 10 we love our country, work hard, and never give up! 1．A．took up B．worried about C．dreamed of D．took after 2．A．place B．chance C．job D．task 3．A．missed B．left C．visited D．forgot 4．A．class B．club C．family D．team 5．A．hand in hand B．step by step C．day and night D．now and then 6．A．nearly B．easily C．secretly D．successfully 7．A．rocket B．telescope C．spacecraft D．exoplanet 8．A．while B．if C．though D．unless 9．A．surprised B．afraid C．nervous D．bored 10．A．as soon as B．as long as C．even if D．so that Passage 8 Life Is a Handful of Candy One sunny morning, Einstein’s assistant said to him, “Someone wants to invite you to make a 1 at the weekend and the reward is 10,000 dollars.” Einstein 2 and said he would go to tutor (辅导) Sophie who studied in a junior high school. “Can’t you cut down on tutoring Sophie just 3 ?” the assistant asked. “No, I’m still thinking of her candy,” Einstein said with a smile. Was her candy so 4 ? The assistant didn’t understand.You know, Sophie 5 Einstein only half of her candy. That day, seeing Einstein come back from Sophie’s home 6 , the assistant asked him why he was happy. Einstein told him, “Today, Sophie’s teacher thought highly of her 7 , saying that she had an excellent tutor. The young girl was also 8 pleased that she awarded me a handful of candy, which made me particularly happy.” Later, in Einstein’s diary, people 9 read that he thought much of such a thing. It turned out that in the worldfamous scientist’s eyes, the young girl’s sunny 10 and a handful of common candy were the sweetest spring that nourished (滋养) his life. 1．A．speech B．space C．speed D．spread 2．A．reduced B．refused C．received D．replied 3．A．even B．later C．once D．soon 4．A．expensive B．big C．valuable D．sweet 5．A．cost B．took C．paid D．spent 6．A．sadly B．kindly C．happily D．hardly 7．A．progress B．success C．subject D．courage 8．A．very B．such C．too D．so 9．A．in trouble B．once again C．in surprise D．at last 10．A．smell B．tears C．smile D．taste ( 1 / 13 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Great People 完形填空题型专练（话题：人与社会—著名人物） 题型夯基提升 巩固基础·专项突破 Passage 1 1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．C 6．B 7．D 8．A 9．B 10．D Passage 2 1．A 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．A 6．A 7．D 8．B 9．C 10．D Passage 3 1．B 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．A 6．A 7．C 8．C 9．A 10．A Passage 4 1．C 2．A 3．B 4．A 5．A 6．C 7．B 8．A 9．B 10．A Passage 5 1．C 2．B 3．B 4．A 5．D 6．A 7．B 8．C 9．A 10．A Passage 6 1．A 2．B 3．B 4．C 5．C 6．A 7．B 8．C 9．D 10．A Passage 7 1．B 2．C 3．B 4．B 5．B 6．A 7．B 8．B 9．C 10．A Passage 8 1．A 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．C 6．A 7．B 8．A 9．A 10．C Passage 9 1．B 2．A 3．B 4．A 5．C 6．B 7．B 8．D 9．D 10．A Passage 10 1．A 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．A 6．B 7．A 8．A 9．C 10．B 培优拔高·挑战攻坚 Passage 1 1．A 2．B 3．B 4．C 5．A 6．A 7．B 8．C 9．B 10．A Passage 2 1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．C 6．B 7．A 8．D 9．B 10．C Passage 3 1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．C 6．B 7．B 8．B 9．C 10．B Passage 4 1．B 2．C 3．B 14．D 15．C 6．B 7．A 8．A 9．B 10．B Passage 5 1．B 2．B 3．B 4．B 5．B 6．C 7．A 8．B 9．A 10．B Passage 6 1．A 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．B 6．A 7．A 8．B 9．B 10．B Passage 7 1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．C 6．D 7．C 8．B 9．A 10．B Passage 8 1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．C 6．C 7．A 8．D 9．B 10．C ( 1 / 13 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $