Unit 2 Inspiring People 单元核心知识背记清单 2026-2027学年九年级英语上册（新教材人教版）

该初中英语单元知识清单围绕“激励人心的人物”主题，系统梳理Section A“敬佩谁”与Section B“什么品质令人敬佩”的核心内容，涵盖含音标标注的重点单词、实用短语、词汇变形及情境句型，搭建从基础积累到语用输出的递进式学习支架。 清单通过主题分类与词形关联构建知识体系，如词汇变形模块系统呈现inspire的形容词、名词形式，培养语言能力；重点句型融入袁隆平、王亚平案例，渗透文化意识。设计分层练习（词句基础练与语篇拔高练）及句型填空等实用形式，助力不同学生高效掌握，教师可直接用于教学与巩固，提升课堂实效。

Unit 2 Inspiring people 单词、短语与句型及运用（教师版） Section A —Who do we admire? 一、重点单词 1. /ɪnˈspaɪə(r)/ v. 鼓舞；激励；赋予灵感 2. /ˌædməˈreɪʃn/ n. 钦佩；赞赏 3. /ˈædmərəbl/ adj. 令人钦佩的；值得赞赏的 4. /rɪˈsɜːtʃə(r)/ n. 研究人员 5. /ˈsəʊldʒə(r)/ n. 士兵 6. /ˈeəweɪ/ n.（飞机的）航线；航路 7. /dɪˈzaɪn/ v. & n. 设计 8. /kriˈeɪtɪv/ adj. 有创造力的 9. /ˌkjʊəriˈɒsəti/ n. 好奇心；求知欲 10. /ˈfɔːml/ adj. 正式的；正规的 11. /ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃn/ n. 教育 12. /ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ/ v. 鼓励 13. respect /rɪˈspekt/ n. & v. 尊敬；尊重 14. /ˈeldə(r)/ n. 长辈；年长者 15. /tɑːsk/ n. 任务；工作 16. /ˈenəmi/ n. 敌人 17. /ʌnˈfɔːtʃənətli/ adv. 不幸地 18. /ˈpæsɪndʒə(r)/ n. 乘客；旅客 19. /ˈləʊkl/ adj. 当地的；本地的 20. /ˈeɪnʃənt/ adj. 古代的；古老的 21. /dɪˌtɜːmɪˈneɪʃn/ n. 决心；坚定 22. /ˌpɜːsɪˈvɪərəns/ n. 毅力；坚持不懈 23. /ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒmənt/ n. 鼓励；激励 24. /ˌkriːeɪˈtɪvəti/ n. 创造力 25. /ˈbælənst/ adj. 均衡的；平衡的 二、重点短语 1. 2. 做农业调查 3. 世界的其他部分 4. 做物理方面的科学研究 5. 书的作者 6. 被…所激励 7. 设计玻璃金字塔 8. 东西方的优美平衡 9. 激励某人做某事 10. 因某事钦佩某人 11. 对某人怀有钦佩之情 12. 钦佩某人的勇气/决心 13. 充满智慧 14. 充满勇气 15. 强烈的好奇心 16. 胸怀远大梦想 17. 培育新型水稻 18. 天生具有 19. 设法成功做成某事 20. 支持某人做某事 21. 参加比赛 22. 在很小的时候 23. 接受正规教育 24. 在做某事中起重要作用 25. 去吧 26. 有空；有时间 27. 对某人做一个关于某事的调查 28. 坚持下去；继续前行 29. 瞧不起 30. 满怀敬佩地 31. 辍学 32. 抓住一切机会做某事 33. 做出许多重要发现 34. 获得两项诺贝尔奖 35. 志愿担任… 36. 受伤的士兵 37. 发展成为一个现代化国家 38. 发展现代护理学/物理学 39. 对…的需求 40. 疾病的传播 41. 计算机科学先驱 42. 工作领域 43. 创造一种优美的平衡 44. 对某人/某事很了解 45. 是一个有创造力的人 46. 充满勇气 47. 充满智慧 48. 第一个做某事的人/物 49. 上一堂现场课 / 直播授课 50. 尊敬某人；钦佩某人 51. 交换学习 52. 注意…… 53. 永不放弃 54. 尊重地对待某人 55. （梦想等）实现 56. 为某人挺身而出 / 维护某人 57. 逃跑；逃避 58. 成功做成某事 59. 带回宝贵的信息 60. 建立关系 61. 为更美好的未来做更多努力 三、词汇变形 1. inspire (v.) → (adj.) 鼓舞人心的；激励的； (adj.) 受到启发的（修饰人）； (n.) 灵感；鼓舞人心的人/事物 2. admire (v.) → (adj.) 令人钦佩的； (n.) 钦佩； (n.) 仰慕者； (adj.) 赞赏的 3. courage (n.) → (adj.) 勇敢的； (v.) 鼓励； (n.) 鼓励 4. wise (adj.) → (n.) 智慧； (adv.) 明智地 5. curiosity (n.) → (adj.) 好奇的； (adv.) 好奇地 6. history (n.) → (n.) 历史学家； (adj.) 有历史意义的； (adj.) 与历史相关的 7. chemistry (n.) → (n.) 化学家； (adj.) 化学的 8. physics (n.) → (n.) 物理学家； (adj.) 身体的；物理的 9. hunger (n.) → (adj.) 饥饿的； (adv.) 饥饿地 10. discover (v.) → (n.) 发现； (n.) 发现者 11. educate (v.) → (n.) 教育； (adj.) 教育的 12. create (v.) → (adj.) 有创造力的； (n.) 创造力 13. balance (n./v.) → (adj.) 均衡的 14. Britain (n.) → (adj.) 英国的；英国人的 15. nation (n.) → (adj.) 国家的；民族的； (n.) 国籍 16. west (n.) → (adj.) 西方的；西部的 17. spread (v.) → - (过去式/过去分词) 传播；散布 四、重点句型 1. to develop a new kind of rice and . 他研发出新型水稻并帮助减少饥饿，这太棒了。 2. It was that he did even though he didn't . 尽管他没受过正规教育，却从事物理和化学研究，这太了不起了。 3. But I know he was the kind of person . 但我知道他是那种永不放弃的人。 4. It was difficult for women back in those days. 在那个年代，女性做那种工作很困难。 5. It was very of him it. 他设计这个真是太有创造力了。 6. Wang Yaping, of course, . She is full of . 当然是王亚平，中国第一位在太空行走的女性，她充满勇气和智慧。 7. is not a famous person. It's my father. 我最大的榜样不是名人，而是我的父亲。 8. It's really very nice of him . 他支持并鼓励我在这里进行交换学习，这真的非常好。 9. It was wise of Confucius to say that . 孔子说我们应该尊敬长辈，这是明智的。 10. It is necessary for us to .听老师的劝告对我们来说很有必要。 11. , Zhang Qian by the enemy. 不幸的是，张骞被敌人俘虏了。 12. He finally succeeded in . 他最终成功找到了月氏人。 Section B —What makes people admirable? 一、重点单词 1. 2. /ˈsaɪəntɪst/ n. 科学家 3. /ˈɑːtɪst/ n. 艺术家 4. /mjuˈzɪʃn/ n. 音乐家 5. /laɪˈbreəriən/ n. 图书管理员 6. /rɪˈpɔːtə(r)/ n. 记者 7. /ˈsɪŋə(r)/ n. 歌手 8. /ˈtiːtʃə(r)/ n. 教师 9. /ˈpleɪə(r)/ n. 运动员 10. /ˈraɪtə(r)/ n. 作者 11. /ˈpaɪlət/ n. 飞行员 12. /hɜːˈself/ pron. 她自己 13. /flaɪt/ n. 飞行；航班 14. /ˈwʊdwɜːk/ n. 木工手艺 15. /ɪnˈventə(r)/ n. 发明家 16. /ˈθɪŋkə(r)/ n. 思想家 17. /ˈpɪəriəd/ n. 时期；一段时间 18. /ˈkɪŋdəm/ n. 王国 19. /ˈkaɪndnəs/ n. 善良 20. /ˈweðə(r)/ conj. 是否 21. /mænˈkaɪnd/ n. 人类 22. /bɪˈliːf/ n. 信念；看法 23. /ˈjuːnɪvɜːs/ n. 宇宙 24. /ˈsəʊʃəlɪzəm/ n. 社会主义 25. /həʊl/ n. 洞；孔 26. /ˈdɔːtə(r)/ n. 女儿 27. /həʊl/ adj. 所有的；完全的 28. /bæŋk/ n. 银行 29. /fəˈrevə(r)/ adv. 永远 30. /ˈreɪdiəʊ/ n. 无线电；收音机 31. /kəˈlekʃn/ n. 收集物；收藏品 32. /ˌekspləˈreɪʃn/ n. 探索 33. /baɪˈɒlədʒɪst/ n. 生物学家 34. /ˌwel rɪˈspektɪd/ adj. 备受尊敬的 35. /daɪˈvɜːsəti/ n. 多样性 36. /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/ adj. 科学（上）的 37. /həʊl/ adj. 所有的；完全的 二、重点短语 38. 1. 在2017年9月25日 2. 被……震惊 3. 终其一生都在做某事 4. 多年来 5. 在15岁年少之时 6. 某人生涯的中心 7. 不顾寒冷天气 8. 生病 9. 提供…… 10. 留下；遗留 11. 继续存在；继续活着 12. 成百上千的 13. 引导或促使某人做某事 14. 最重要的是；尤其是 15. 确保 16. 对……产生兴趣 17. 查明；弄清楚 18. 为……付款 19. 对某人表现出善意 20. 避免做某事 21. 对某人来说是一种鼓舞 22. 共同努力做某事 23. 聆听和平与爱的信息 24. 构建人类命运共同体 25. 把某人的一生奉献给（做）某事 26. 攻克贫困 27. 为人民服务 28. have a good time 过得愉快 29. be famous for / be known for 因……而著名 30. 被称为…… 31. 被……所知 32. 在科学探索的道路上 33. 一大批种子 34. 继续他的工作 35. 表现出对……深深的热爱和好奇 36. 成为……的焦点 37. 在野外研究中 38. 想要某人做某事 39. 社会主义的成功发展 40. 科学研究人员 41. 最新发现 42. 黑洞 43. 上升；上涨 44. 因…而最为人所知 45. 独自；靠自己 46. 横跨大西洋 47. 伟大的思想家 48. 战国时期 49. 与……作斗争 50. 带来和平 51. 对……表现出同样的善良和关怀 52. 互相攻击 53. 比以往任何时候都更… 54. 绕太阳运行 55. 与贫困作斗争 56. 党员 57. 列出这些品质 58. 就……达成一致 三、词汇变形 1. science (n.) → (adj.) 科学（上）的； (n.) 科学家 2. biology (n.) → (n.) 生物学家； (adj.) 生物学的 3. collect (v.) → (n.) 收集物；收藏品； (n.) 收藏家 4. explore (v.) → (n.) 探索； (n.) 探险家 5. social (adj.) → (n.) 社会主义； (n./adj.) 社会主义者/社会主义的 6. invent (v.) → (n.) 发明物； (n.) 发明家 7. think (v.) → (n.) 思想家； (n.) 想法；思想 8. kind (adj.) → (n.) 善良； (adv.) 亲切地 9. she (主格) → (宾格/形代) 她/她的； (名代) 她的（所有物）； (反身代词) 她自己 10. fly (v.) → (n.) 飞行；航班 11. whole (adj.) → (adv.) 完全地；整体地 12. shake (v.) → (过去式) 摇动； (过去分词) 被摇动； (现在分词) 摇动 13. universe (n.) → (adj.) 普遍的 14. bank (n.) → (n.) 银行家 四、重点句型 1. The had spent his whole life . 这位备受尊敬的生物学家一生都在研究植物和种子。 2. When he was young, he the things he studied. 他年轻时，对自己的研究对象表现出深深的热爱与好奇。 3. He sometimes fell sick, but he always . 他有时会生病，但总是继续他的工作。 4. It was very difficult for him . 勇敢面对寒冷的天气和极高的海拔对他来说很难。 5. It is important for seed banks to . 对于种子库来说，包含多种不同的种子非常重要。 6. My sister wants to become a scientist because she likes to . 我姐姐想成为科学家，因为她喜欢弄清宇宙如何运转。 7. Curiosity and wisdom lead us of the universe. 好奇心和智慧引导我们探索宇宙的奥秘。 8. The flu is spreading, and is going up. 流感在传播，患者数量在上升。 9. After in a plane, she knew that she wanted to become a pilot in the world. 第一次乘坐飞机后，她明白了她比世上任何事情都更想成为一名飞行员。 10. Many people Earhart and find her because of her efforts to work hard and her ability to . 很多人敬佩埃尔哈特，认为她鼓舞人心，因为她不懈努力，并且有能力实现梦想。 11. It is said that Mozi was a , good at woodwork, and was the . 据说墨子是一名士兵，擅长木工，并且是风筝的发明者。 12. It was important to him that everyone should everyone else, they were family, friends, strangers. 对他来说，重要的是每个人都应该对他人表现出同样的善意和关心，无论他们是家人、朋友还是陌生人。 13. Now, more than ever, people around the world need to , and work together to . 如今，世人比以往任何时候都更需要聆听爱与和平的讯息，并共同努力构建人类命运共同体。 14. Though Mozi lived more than 2,000 years ago, his ideas . 墨子虽生活在两千多年前，但他的思想一直流传至今。 15. . 励志之人为我们指引前行的方向。 词句基础练 1．It was great ________ Yuan Longping ________ a new kind of rice and help reduce hunger. A．of; to develop B．for; to develop C．of; developing D．for; developing 2．People of all ages ________ the great thinkers in ancient history. A．look down on B．look up to C．mix up D．divide into 3．The story of the disabled boy learning to play the piano ________ everyone in the hall. A．touched B．hurt C．shocked D．bored 4．We all ________ the brave firefighters who saved people from the big fire last month. A．doubt B．admire C．refuse D．ignore 5．My father’s job is ________ difficulties in life. A．brave B．to brave C．braving D．braved 6．The ________ discovery of new farming methods increased crop output greatly. A．scientific B．mysterious C．weightless D．electric 7．You can ________ your vocabulary by reading one short passage every day. A．build up B．boost up C．widen up D．tie up 8．The ________ scientist spent decades exploring unknown western regions. A．digital B．brave C．man-made D．crowded 9．The ________ of his success is his hard work and never-give-up attitude. A．secret B．problem C．result D．reason 10．—Why do you look up to him so much? —Because he has ________ many difficulties to become a doctor. A．gone through B．gone over C．gone out D．gone off 11．It’s not easy to ________ such a big challenge, but he did it successfully. A．overcome B．create C．invent D．discover 12．After years of hard work, she finally ________ her dream of becoming a famous writer. A．achieved B．lost C．missed D．broke 13．Yuan Longping is a ________ in the field of hybrid rice, and his work has helped feed millions of people. A．pioneer B．manager C．villager D．customer 14．Helen Keller’s story is truly ________, and it encourages many people to face difficulties bravely. A．boring B．inspiring C．surprising D．confusing 15．His parents’ support gave him the ________ to keep going when he wanted to quit. A．trouble B．courage C．excuse D．fear 16．The teacher told us that we should ________ every chance to learn new things. A．make use of B．get along with C．keep up with D．look forward to 二、完成句子 1．勤洗手有助于防止疾病传播。 Washing hands frequently can help prevent the ________ ________ ________ . 2．约翰辍学去创业了。 John ________ ________ of school to start his own business. 3．时间在当前的物理领域是一个非常热门的话题。 Time is an especially hot topic right now ________ ________. 4．每年科学家们都会在医药和科技方面取得许多新的发现。 Every year, scientists ________ many new ________ in medicine and technology. 5．他在东西方之间打造出美妙的平衡。 He ________ a beautiful balance ________ the East and the West. 6．弗洛伦斯・南丁格尔帮助人们认识洁净医院的重要性以阻止疾病传播，她十分伟大。 It was wonderful of Florence Nightingale ________ ________ people understand the need for cleaner hospitals ________ ________ the spread of diseases. 7．居里夫人一生在物理与化学领域取得了诸多重大发现。 Madame Curie ________ many important ________ in physics and chemistry all her life. 8．我被南丁格尔深深鼓舞。 I ________ really ________ by Florence Nightingale. 9．他启动项目培养从事野外研究的本土学生。 He started a programme ________ ________ local students for field research. 10．布鲁内尔修建了英国首批铁路与桥梁，帮助英国发展成为现代化国家，这件事意义重大。 It was meaningful ________ Brunel ________ the first British railways and bridges to help the UK develop into a modern nation. 11．对钟扬来说，经受严寒、高海拔开展野外工作十分艰难。 It was hard for Zhong Yang ________ ________ the cold weather and great heights to do fieldwork. 12．他的精神在所有学生心中永存，这很有意义。 It is meaningful that his spirit ________ ________ in all his students’ hearts forever. 13．张骞始终没有忘记使命，这令人备受鼓舞。 It was greatly inspiring ________ Zhang Qian ________ never forgotten his mission. 14．种子库包含多样种子十分重要。 It is necessary for seed banks ________ ________ many different kinds of seeds. 16．法拉第没接受正规教育却钻研理化，这件事令人惊叹。 It was amazing ________ Faraday ________ scientific research in physics and chemistry without formal education. 三、句式翻译 1．他能承认错误是很勇敢的。(用It、brave、admit完成句子) _______________________________________________________________________________ 2．不轻易放弃对我们很重要。（用It、for、give up） _______________________________________________________________________________ 3．不管这个项目难还是容易，我们必须尽力完成它。(whether ... or ...) _______________________________________________________________________________ 4．我们好像会赢得这场比赛。(用it句型翻译句子) _____________________________________________________________________________ 5．他很勇敢，救了那个小男孩。（用it句型翻译句子） _____________________________________________________________________________ 6．节日让我们有机会团聚。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 语篇拔高练 一、选词填空 Passage A 每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 connect    how    spend    hide    away    succeed    high    choose    country    as On February 6th, 2025, an outstanding Chinese scientist left us, Huang Xuhua, known 1 the “Father of China’s Nuclear Submarines,” 2 his life making his country stronger. Born in 1926 in Guangdong, he saw China’s difficulties when he was young and decided to serve the country through science. In 1958, Huang was 3 to help develop China’s first nuclear submarine. For the next 30 years, he and his team started from nothing and overcame many difficulties to build the country’s first nuclear submarine. In the 1970s, China’s first nuclear submarine was built and tested 4 . As a result, China became one of the 5 that could make nuclear submarines. But Huang didn’t stop. Even as an old man, Huang kept working to improve submarine technology. At the age of 90, he still went to his office every day In 2019, he won China’s 6 honor (荣誉), the Republic Medal, but gave 7 his prize money to help students and scientists. Huang Xuhua’s story reminds us that real heroes don’t always seek fame. Like a submarine 8 beneath (在……下方) the waves, he quietly protected his country for many years. Today, his example inspires many people to work hard, love our nation, and turn small dreams into big achievements. As he once said, “The future belongs to young people who 9 their hearts to China’s growth.” Let’s carry forward his spirit—because every effort, no matter 10 small, can shape our nation’s destiny. Passage B 根据短文内容，用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使文章通顺、完整，每词限用一次。 protect, interest, nature, encourage, trust, discovery, use, know, complete, society Jane Goodall, a famous British scientist 1 for studying chimpanzees (黑猩猩), visited China from November to December 2024. She was born on April 3, 1934. When she was a child, she was 2 to ask questions and learn more by her mom. Jane dreamed of seeing animals in their 3 homes. In 1960, she set off for Tanzania to study wild chimpanzees. At first, chimpanzees were afraid of her. She spent months quietly watching them until they 4 her. At the same time, she made many 5 . For example, she found that chimpanzees can use tools to get food. Before this, people thought only humans used tools. Jane also got to know the 6 lives of chimpanzees. They live in groups, with strong family ties. Mothers are as careful as human mums, taking good care of their babies. Group members play together, pick through each other’s fur to keep it clean. We 7 to think humans were different from the other animals in using tools and having social lives. But this idea was 8 changed by Jane Goodall’s work. It showed that chimpanzees are more like us than we thought. Jane spent her life 9 animals and the environment. She met with all kinds of difficulties like bugs, bad weather, and being far away from home. But she didn’t give up. This shows us the power of having a strong 10 in something. If you have a love for something, you should follow that love. Passage C 根据语篇内容,从方框中选择恰当的单词,并用其正确形式填空。将单词填写在对应的横线上。每个单词只能用一次。 wisely  childhood  goal  necessary  of  admire  reach  universe  if  I My career idol (职业偶像) is Wu Fei, a space flight engineer. I have always 1 him. He was born in a small town and worked hard in school. His 2 was filled with memories of looking at the stars and dreaming of space. In order to make his dream come true, he kept on doing difficult work for years and stuck to his 3 . During his studies, he planned his time 4 . When preparing for the space program, he exercised hard every day to stay healthy. After years of preparation, he achieved his dream of becoming a member 5 the space program on October 31, 2025. His story greatly encouraged me. It teaches me the true meaning of hard work—try my best to go for the stars. Inspired by him, I dream of becoming an astronaut like him, helping to explore the 6 and making our world better. I plan to study very hard on the two 7 courses—science and maths. I plan to work at least two hours daily on my projects about space. I know I must work hard until I 8 my goal. My idol has given 9 a direction for exploring my future life. And this made me understand 10 we keep on doing what we love, we can make our dreams come true. Passage D when  interested  curiosity  train  especially  collection  discover  plant  whole  I On 25 September 2017, the scientific world was shaken by the news that Chinese professor Zhong Yang had died in a car accident. The well-respected biologist had spent his 1 life researching plants and seeds. Over the years, he collected many important seeds for China’s seed banks. These special banks protect all kinds of plant seeds, including the ones we need for food, and they make sure that important plants do not disappear from the world forever. Zhong Yang was born in 1964. When he was young, he showed a deep love and 2 for the things he studied. He was an excellent student, entering university at the early age of 15. There, he studied radio engineering and later became 3 in plants. The research and study of plants, 4 the seeds, became the focus of his life after he became a professor at Fudan University. It is important for seed banks to include many different kinds of seeds. When Zhong Yang 5 that there was not enough research of the seeds from Xizang, he went there to collect seeds himself. Zhong Yang knew it was better to include more people 6 doing important work. He began a programme to find and 7 local students in field research to become scientists. Together, he and his team collected more than 40 million seeds from around 1,000 8 . Their hard work provided the world with lots of new information about the plants in China. Zhong Yang left behind more than just a huge 9 of seeds. His love for his job and research lives on in his students. He once said, “ 77 students will continue on the road of scientific exploration, and the seeds we have collected may grow hundreds of years from now.” 二、短文填空 Passage A 阅读下面短文，根据上下文或括号内单词等提示，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式。 Amelia Earhart is one of the most famous pilots in history. Born in 1897, she showed great 1 (brave) as a child. Even as a girl, she climbed trees and caught rats—anything other girls did not dare. After she took her first 2 (fly) in a small plane, flying became her life's dream. Her parents supported her and never said "this is not for girls". She worked hard 3 (pay) for her own flying lessons. In 1932, she flew across the Atlantic 4 (one), becoming the first woman to do it. It was amazing 5 a woman to achieve that so long ago. She was such 6 inspiring person that crowds came to hear her speak. Soon people regarded her 7 a pioneer of the sky. She wrote a book about her trips, and gave talks to share what she had seen. Curiosity and 8 (wise), she believed, were the wings of every explorer. Many young 9 (pilot) followed her into the sky after that. Since then, her story 87 (teach) millions of girls that dreams can come true. Today, when a girl looks up at the universe of stars, her spirit still flies with her. Passage B 阅读下面短文，根据上下文或括号内单词等提示，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式。 Last week our class did a survey about the people we admire most, and Gina interviewed her family. Every student had to talk with two family members and write a short report. Her father’s hero is Brunel, a famous 1 (Britain) engineer. He built the first British railways, together with many bridges, ships and tunnels. His work 2 (help) the UK grow into a modern nation for almost two centuries. Even today, his great station in Bristol still welcomes thousands of trains. Gina’s mother chose Florence Nightingale. She created modern nursing, and it was wonderful 3 her to clean the hospitals. Her work also stopped deadly diseases 4 (spread). Her rules of clean wards are still taught in nursing schools today, so her ideas have spread across the world. Steve, Gina’s brother, loves science. He chose Isaac Newton and Alan Turing, 5 pioneer of computer science. Steve 6 (choose) his heroes already. He thinks their stories are truly 94 (admire). Gina put her wishes 7 two parts: heroes give us health, and heroes give us ideas. Nothing can stop young people 8 (learn) from them. She hopes their spirit will live on for 9 (century). The teacher said Gina’s report was the best in class. Passage C 阅读下面短文，根据上下文或括号内单词等提示，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式。 Who do you admire most? Our class had a big discussion last week. Many students chose Yuan Longping. 1 was great of him to develop a new kind of rice. His work helped reduce 2 (hungry) in many parts of the world. He also trained thousands of people to do research on farming, both in China and in other countries. Others chose Marie Curie, a great woman who made many 3 (discover) in physics and chemistry. It was difficult 4 women to do that kind of work in those days, but she won two Nobel Prizes! Fu Xing spoke about Sima Qian, one of the greatest 5 (historian) in Chinese history. He also played an important part in 6 (review) the calendar of his time. Peter admired Michael Faraday, a man full of ideas. The young Faraday 7 (receive) little formal education at an early age. But he found every chance to study, and became one of the world’s best-known 8 (science). Their stories are truly 9 (inspire) to us teenagers. 10 the end, we all agreed: it is always important to keep going in life. A great person is like a star, showing us the way forward. Passage D 阅读下面短文，根据上下文或括号内单词等提示，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式。 This week our class learned about Zhong Yang, the inspiring seed scientist. Born in 1964, he showed a deep 1 (curious) about the things around him. He entered university at the early age of 15, and 2 (study) radio engineering there. He was such an excellent student that his teachers never forgot him. After years of hard work, he became a 3 (science) professor at Fudan University. It is very important 4 a seed bank to keep many different kinds of seeds. And it was brave 5 Zhong Yang to go to Xizang again and again. In 2001, he began his long travels across Xizang and 6 (collect) millions of seeds there. He sometimes fell sick, but he always 7 (continue) with his work. He also started a programme to train local students, and his team 8 (collect) over 40 million seeds from more than 1,000 types of plants so far. Their hard work has provided the world 9 lots of new information about China's plants. Zhong Yang died in 2017, but his love for science 10 (live) on in his students ever since. The seeds he planted in people’s hearts may grow hundreds of years from now. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Inspiring people 单词、短语与句型及运用（教师版） Section A —Who do we admire? 一、重点单词 1. inspire /ɪnˈspaɪə(r)/ v. 鼓舞；激励；赋予灵感 2. admiration /ˌædməˈreɪʃn/ n. 钦佩；赞赏 3. admirable /ˈædmərəbl/ adj. 令人钦佩的；值得赞赏的 4. researcher /rɪˈsɜːtʃə(r)/ n. 研究人员 5. soldier /ˈsəʊldʒə(r)/ n. 士兵 6. airway /ˈeəweɪ/ n.（飞机的）航线；航路 7. design /dɪˈzaɪn/ v. & n. 设计 8. creative /kriˈeɪtɪv/ adj. 有创造力的 9. curiosity /ˌkjʊəriˈɒsəti/ n. 好奇心；求知欲 10. formal /ˈfɔːml/ adj. 正式的；正规的 11. education /ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃn/ n. 教育 12. encourage /ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ/ v. 鼓励 13. respect /rɪˈspekt/ n. & v. 尊敬；尊重 14. elder /ˈeldə(r)/ n. 长辈；年长者 15. task /tɑːsk/ n. 任务；工作 16. enemy /ˈenəmi/ n. 敌人 17. unfortunately /ʌnˈfɔːtʃənətli/ adv. 不幸地 18. passenger /ˈpæsɪndʒə(r)/ n. 乘客；旅客 19. local /ˈləʊkl/ adj. 当地的；本地的 20. ancient /ˈeɪnʃənt/ adj. 古代的；古老的 21. determination /dɪˌtɜːmɪˈneɪʃn/ n. 决心；坚定 22. perseverance /ˌpɜːsɪˈvɪərəns/ n. 毅力；坚持不懈 23. encouragement /ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒmənt/ n. 鼓励；激励 24. creativity /ˌkriːeɪˈtɪvəti/ n. 创造力 25. balanced /ˈbælənst/ adj. 均衡的；平衡的 二、重点短语 1. 2. do research on farming 做农业调查 3. other parts of the world 世界的其他部分 4. do scientific research in physics 做物理方面的科学研究 5. the author of the book 书的作者 6. be inspired by 被……所激励 7. design the glass pyramid 设计玻璃金字塔 8. a beautiful balance between the East and the West 东西方的优美平衡 9. inspire sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事 10. admire sb. for (doing) sth. 因某事钦佩某人 11. have/feel admiration for sb. 对某人怀有钦佩之情 12. admire sb.'s courage/determination 钦佩某人的勇气/决心 13. full of wisdom 充满智慧 14. full of courage 充满勇气 15. great curiosity 强烈的好奇心 16. dream big 胸怀远大梦想 17. develop a new kind of rice 培育新型水稻 18. be born with 天生具有 19. manage to do sth. 设法成功做成某事 20. support sb. in (doing) sth. 支持某人做某事 21. enter a competition 参加比赛 22. at an early age 在很小的时候 23. receive a formal education 接受正规教育 24. play a big part in doing sth. 在做某事中起重要作用 25. go ahead 去吧 26. have a second 有空；有时间 27. do a survey of sb. about sth. 对某人做一个关于某事的调查 28. keep going 坚持下去；继续前行 29. look down on/upon 瞧不起 30. in/with admiration 满怀敬佩地 31. drop out of school 辍学 32. find every chance to do sth. 抓住一切机会做某事 33. make many important discoveries 做出许多重要发现 34. win two Nobel Prizes 获得两项诺贝尔奖 35. volunteer as 志愿担任…… 36. the wounded soldiers 受伤的士兵 37. develop into a modern nation 发展成为一个现代化国家 38. develop modern nursing/physics 发展现代护理学/物理学 39. the need for sth. 对……的需求 40. the spread of diseases 疾病的传播 41. a pioneer of computer science 计算机科学先驱 42. fields of work 工作领域 43. create a beautiful balance 创造一种优美的平衡 44. know a lot about sb./sth. 对某人/某事很了解 45. be a creative person 是一个有创造力的人 46. be full of courage 充满勇气 47. be full of wisdom 充满智慧 48. the first + 名词 + to do sth. 第一个做某事的人/物 49. teach a live class 上一堂现场课 / 直播授课 50. look up to sb. 尊敬某人；钦佩某人 51. exchange study 交换学习 52. pay attention to 注意…… 53. never give up 永不放弃 54. treat sb. with respect 尊重地对待某人 55. come true （梦想等）实现 56. stand up for sb. 为某人挺身而出 / 维护某人 57. run away 逃跑；逃避 58. succeed in doing sth. 成功做成某事 59. bring back valuable information 带回宝贵的信息 60. build relationships 建立关系 61. do more for a better future 为更美好的未来做更多努力 三、词汇变形 1. inspire (v.) → inspiring (adj.) 鼓舞人心的；激励的；inspired (adj.) 受到启发的（修饰人）；inspiration (n.) 灵感；鼓舞人心的人/事物 2. admire (v.) → admirable (adj.) 令人钦佩的；admiration (n.) 钦佩；admirer (n.) 仰慕者；admiring (adj.) 赞赏的 3. courage (n.) → courageous (adj.) 勇敢的；encourage (v.) 鼓励；encouragement (n.) 鼓励 4. wise (adj.) → wisdom (n.) 智慧；wisely (adv.) 明智地 5. curiosity (n.) → curious (adj.) 好奇的；curiously (adv.) 好奇地 6. history (n.) → historian (n.) 历史学家；historic (adj.) 有历史意义的；historical (adj.) 与历史相关的 7. chemistry (n.) → chemist (n.) 化学家；chemical (adj.) 化学的 8. physics (n.) → physicist (n.) 物理学家；physical (adj.) 身体的；物理的 9. hunger (n.) → hungry (adj.) 饥饿的；hungrily (adv.) 饥饿地 10. discover (v.) → discovery (n.) 发现；discoverer (n.) 发现者 11. educate (v.) → education (n.) 教育；educational (adj.) 教育的 12. create (v.) → creative (adj.) 有创造力的；creativity (n.) 创造力 13. balance (n./v.) → balanced (adj.) 均衡的 14. Britain (n.) → British (adj.) 英国的；英国人的 15. nation (n.) → national (adj.) 国家的；民族的；nationality (n.) 国籍 16. west (n.) → western (adj.) 西方的；西部的 17. spread (v.) → spread-spread-spread (过去式/过去分词同原形) 传播；散布 四、重点句型 1. It was great of him to develop a new kind of rice and help reduce hunger. 他研发出新型水稻并帮助减少饥饿，这太棒了。 2. It was amazing that he did scientific research in physics and chemistry even though he didn't receive a formal education. 尽管他没受过正规教育，却从事物理和化学研究，这太了不起了。 3. But I know he was the kind of person who never gave up. 但我知道他是那种永不放弃的人。 4. It was difficult for women to do that kind of work back in those days. 在那个年代，女性做那种工作很困难。 5. It was very creative of him to design it. 他设计这个真是太有创造力了。 6. Wang Yaping, of course, China's first woman to walk in space. She is full of courage and wisdom. 当然是王亚平，中国第一位在太空行走的女性，她充满勇气和智慧。 7. My biggest inspiration is not a famous person. It's my father. 我最大的榜样不是名人，而是我的父亲。 8. It's really very nice of him to support and encourage my exchange study here. 他支持并鼓励我在这里进行交换学习，这真的非常好。 9. It was wise of Confucius to say that we should treat our elders with respect. 孔子说我们应该尊敬长辈，这是明智的。 10. It is necessary for us to listen to our teacher's advice. 听老师的劝告对我们来说很有必要。 11. Unfortunately, Zhang Qian was caught by the enemy. 不幸的是，张骞被敌人俘虏了。 12. He finally succeeded in finding the Yuezhi people. 他最终成功找到了月氏人。 Section B —What makes people admirable? 一、重点单词 1. 2. scientist /ˈsaɪəntɪst/ n. 科学家 3. artist /ˈɑːtɪst/ n. 艺术家 4. musician /mjuˈzɪʃn/ n. 音乐家 5. librarian /laɪˈbreəriən/ n. 图书管理员 6. reporter /rɪˈpɔːtə(r)/ n. 记者 7. singer /ˈsɪŋə(r)/ n. 歌手 8. teacher /ˈtiːtʃə(r)/ n. 教师 9. player /ˈpleɪə(r)/ n. 运动员 10. writer /ˈraɪtə(r)/ n. 作者 11. pilot /ˈpaɪlət/ n. 飞行员 12. herself /hɜːˈself/ pron. 她自己 13. flight /flaɪt/ n. 飞行；航班 14. woodwork /ˈwʊdwɜːk/ n. 木工手艺 15. inventor /ɪnˈventə(r)/ n. 发明家 16. thinker /ˈθɪŋkə(r)/ n. 思想家 17. period /ˈpɪəriəd/ n. 时期；一段时间 18. kingdom /ˈkɪŋdəm/ n. 王国 19. kindness /ˈkaɪndnəs/ n. 善良 20. whether /ˈweðə(r)/ conj. 是否 21. mankind /mænˈkaɪnd/ n. 人类 22. belief /bɪˈliːf/ n. 信念；看法 23. universe /ˈjuːnɪvɜːs/ n. 宇宙 24. socialism /ˈsəʊʃəlɪzəm/ n. 社会主义 25. hole /həʊl/ n. 洞；孔 26. daughter /ˈdɔːtə(r)/ n. 女儿 27. whole /həʊl/ adj. 所有的；完全的 28. bank /bæŋk/ n. 银行 29. forever /fəˈrevə(r)/ adv. 永远 30. radio /ˈreɪdiəʊ/ n. 无线电；收音机 31. collection /kəˈlekʃn/ n. 收集物；收藏品 32. exploration /ˌekspləˈreɪʃn/ n. 探索 33. biologist /baɪˈɒlədʒɪst/ n. 生物学家 34. well-respected /ˌwel rɪˈspektɪd/ adj. 备受尊敬的 35. diversity /daɪˈvɜːsəti/ n. 多样性 36. scientific /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/ adj. 科学（上）的 37. whole /həʊl/ adj. 所有的；完全的 二、重点短语 38. 1. on 25 September 2017 在2017年9月25日 2. be shaken by 被……震惊 3. spend one's whole life doing sth. 终其一生都在做某事 4. over the years 多年来 5. at the early age of 15 在15岁年少之时 6. the focus of one's life 某人生涯的中心 7. brave the cold weather 不顾寒冷天气 8. fall sick 生病 9. provide ... with ... 提供…… 10. leave behind 留下；遗留 11. live on 继续存在；继续活着 12. hundreds of 成百上千的 13. lead sb. to do sth. 引导或促使某人做某事 14. above all 最重要的是；尤其是 15. make sure 确保 16. become interested in 对……产生兴趣 17. find out 查明；弄清楚 18. pay for 为……付款 19. show kindness to sb. 对某人表现出善意 20. avoid doing sth. 避免做某事 21. be an inspiration to sb. 对某人来说是一种鼓舞 22. work together to do sth. 共同努力做某事 23. hear the message of peace and love 聆听和平与爱的信息 24. build a community of a shared future for mankind 构建人类命运共同体 25. dedicate one's life to (doing) sth. 把某人的一生奉献给（做）某事 26. fight poverty 攻克贫困 27. serve the people 为人民服务 28. have a good time 过得愉快 29. be famous for / be known for 因……而著名 30. be known as 被称为…… 31. be known to 被……所知 32. on the road of scientific exploration 在科学探索的道路上 33. a huge collection of seeds 一大批种子 34. continue with his work 继续他的工作 35. show a deep love and curiosity for 表现出对……深深的热爱和好奇 36. become the focus of 成为……的焦点 37. in field research 在野外研究中 38. want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 39. the successful development of socialism 社会主义的成功发展 40. a scientific researcher 科学研究人员 41. the latest discoveries 最新发现 42. black holes 黑洞 43. go up 上升；上涨 44. be best known for 因……而最为人所知 45. on one's own 独自；靠自己 46. across the Atlantic Ocean 横跨大西洋 47. a great thinker 伟大的思想家 48. the Warring States Period 战国时期 49. fight against 与……作斗争 50. bring peace 带来和平 51. show the same kindness and care to 对……表现出同样的善良和关怀 52. attack one another 互相攻击 53. more than ever 比以往任何时候都更…… 54. move around the sun 绕太阳运行 55. fight poverty 与贫困作斗争 56. a party member 党员 57. list the qualities 列出这些品质 58. agree on 就……达成一致 三、词汇变形 1. science (n.) → scientific (adj.) 科学（上）的；scientist (n.) 科学家 2. biology (n.) → biologist (n.) 生物学家；biological (adj.) 生物学的 3. collect (v.) → collection (n.) 收集物；收藏品；collector (n.) 收藏家 4. explore (v.) → exploration (n.) 探索；explorer (n.) 探险家 5. social (adj.) → socialism (n.) 社会主义；socialist (n./adj.) 社会主义者/社会主义的 6. invent (v.) → invention (n.) 发明物；inventor (n.) 发明家 7. think (v.) → thinker (n.) 思想家；thought (n.) 想法；思想 8. kind (adj.) → kindness (n.) 善良；kindly (adv.) 亲切地 9. she (主格) → her (宾格/形代) 她/她的；hers (名代) 她的（所有物）；herself (反身代词) 她自己 10. fly (v.) → flight (n.) 飞行；航班 11. whole (adj.) → wholly (adv.) 完全地；整体地 12. shake (v.) → shook (过去式) 摇动；shaken (过去分词) 被摇动；shaking (现在分词) 摇动 13. universe (n.) → universal (adj.) 普遍的 14. bank (n.) → banker (n.) 银行家 四、重点句型 1. The well-respected biologist had spent his whole life researching plants and seeds. 这位备受尊敬的生物学家一生都在研究植物和种子。 2. When he was young, he showed a deep love and curiosity for the things he studied. 他年轻时，对自己的研究对象表现出深深的热爱与好奇。 3. He sometimes fell sick, but he always continued with his work. 他有时会生病，但总是继续他的工作。 4. It was very difficult for him to brave the cold weather and great heights. 勇敢面对寒冷的天气和极高的海拔对他来说很难。 5. It is important for seed banks to include many different kinds of seeds. 对于种子库来说，包含多种不同的种子非常重要。 6. My sister wants to become a scientist because she likes to find out how the universe works. 我姐姐想成为科学家，因为她喜欢弄清宇宙如何运转。 7. Curiosity and wisdom lead us to explore the secrets of the universe. 好奇心和智慧引导我们探索宇宙的奥秘。 8. The flu is spreading, and the number of patients is going up. 流感在传播，患者数量在上升。 9. After taking her first flight in a plane, she knew that she wanted to become a pilot more than anything else in the world. 第一次乘坐飞机后，她明白了她比世上任何事情都更想成为一名飞行员。 10. Many people look up to Earhart and find her an inspiring person because of her efforts to work hard and her ability to make her dreams come true. 很多人敬佩埃尔哈特，认为她鼓舞人心，因为她不懈努力，并且有能力实现梦想。 11. It is said that Mozi was a soldier, good at woodwork, and was the inventor of the kite. 据说墨子是一名士兵，擅长木工，并且是风筝的发明者。 12. It was important to him that everyone should show the same kindness and care to everyone else, whether they were family, friends, or strangers. 对他来说，重要的是每个人都应该对他人表现出同样的善意和关心，无论他们是家人、朋友还是陌生人。 13. Now, more than ever, people around the world need to hear the message of love and peace, and work together to build a community of a shared future for mankind. 如今，世人比以往任何时候都更需要聆听爱与和平的讯息，并共同努力构建人类命运共同体。 14. Though Mozi lived more than 2,000 years ago, his ideas live on. 墨子虽生活在两千多年前，但他的思想一直流传至今。 15. Inspiring people show us the way forward. 励志之人为我们指引前行的方向。 词句基础练 1．It was great ________ Yuan Longping ________ a new kind of rice and help reduce hunger. A．of; to develop B．for; to develop C．of; developing D．for; developing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：袁隆平培育出一种新型水稻并帮助减少饥饿，他是伟大的。 固定句型“It is+adj.+of/for+sb.+to do sth.”中真正的主语是动词不定式，第二空填to develop；当形容词表示人的性格、品质时，介词用of；当形容词表示事物的性质时，介词用for。本句中great修饰人的品质，第一空填of。 2．People of all ages ________ the great thinkers in ancient history. A．look down on B．look up to C．mix up D．divide into 【答案】B 【详解】句意：各个年龄段的人都尊敬古代历史上的伟大思想家。 look down on轻视；look up to尊敬；mix up混淆；divide into分成。据“great thinkers”可知，人们对其态度应为正面的敬仰，look up to符合句意。 3．The story of the disabled boy learning to play the piano ________ everyone in the hall. A．touched B．hurt C．shocked D．bored 【答案】A 【详解】句意：那个残疾男孩学弹钢琴的故事感动了大厅里的每个人。 touched感动；hurt伤害；shocked震惊；bored使无聊。根据“The story of the disabled boy learning to play the piano”可知，这个故事“感动”了大家，touched符合语境，故选A。 4．We all ________ the brave firefighters who saved people from the big fire last month. A．doubt B．admire C．refuse D．ignore 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们都敬佩上个月从大火中救出人们的勇敢消防员。 doubt怀疑；admire敬佩、钦佩；refuse拒绝；ignore忽视。根据“the brave firefighters who saved people”可知，消防员救人值得“敬佩”，admire符合语境，故选B。 5．My father’s job is ________ difficulties in life. A．brave B．to brave C．braving D．braved 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我父亲的工作是勇敢面对生活中的困难。 当主语是job, task, duty等表示具体任务或职责的词时，表语常用动词不定式to do结构来表示具体的工作内容。根据“My father’s job”可知此处应用不定式作表语。 6．The ________ discovery of new farming methods increased crop output greatly. A．scientific B．mysterious C．weightless D．electric 【答案】A 【详解】句意：新耕作方法的科学发现大大提高了作物产量。 scientific科学的；mysterious神秘的；weightless失重的；electric电动的。根据“new farming methods”以及“increased crop output greatly”可知，“科学”的发现能够提高作物产量，scientific符合语境， scientific discovery“科学发现”，应填scientific 。 7．You can ________ your vocabulary by reading one short passage every day. A．build up B．boost up C．widen up D．tie up 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你可以通过每天阅读一篇短文来积累你的词汇量。 build up积累；boost up促进；widen up加宽；tie up捆绑。根据“by reading one short passage every day”可知是通过每天的阅读来逐渐积累词汇，build up vocabulary为固定搭配，意为“积累词汇”。应填build up。 8．The ________ scientist spent decades exploring unknown western regions. A．digital B．brave C．man-made D．crowded 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这位勇敢的科学家花费了几十年探索未知的西部区域。 digital数字的；brave勇敢的；man-made人造的；crowded拥挤的。根据“spent decades exploring unknown western regions”可知，探索未知区域充满艰辛与危险，需要勇气，因此用brave修饰科学家。 9．The ________ of his success is his hard work and never-give-up attitude. A．secret B．problem C．result D．reason 【答案】A 【详解】句意：他成功的秘诀是他的努力和永不放弃的态度。 secret秘密、秘诀；problem问题；result结果；reason原因。根据“his hard work and never-give-up attitude”可知，努力和坚持是成功的“秘诀”，secret符合语境。 10．—Why do you look up to him so much? —Because he has ________ many difficulties to become a doctor. A．gone through B．gone over C．gone out D．gone off 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你为什么这么敬佩他？——因为他经历了许多困难才成为医生。 gone through经历/经受；gone over复习/检查；gone out出去/熄灭；gone off离开/变质。根据“many difficulties to become a doctor”可知，此处表示“经历”困难，gone through符合语境。 11．It’s not easy to ________ such a big challenge, but he did it successfully. A．overcome B．create C．invent D．discover 【答案】A 【详解】句意：克服这么大的挑战并不容易，但他成功做到了。 overcome克服；create创造；invent发明；discover发现。根据“such a big challenge”可知，此处表示“克服”挑战，overcome符合语境。 12．After years of hard work, she finally ________ her dream of becoming a famous writer. A．achieved B．lost C．missed D．broke 【答案】A 【详解】句意：经过多年的努力，她终于实现了成为一名著名作家的梦想。 achieved实现；lost失去；missed错过；broke打破。根据“her dream of becoming a famous writer”可知，此处表示“实现梦想”，achieve one’s dream为固定搭配，achieved符合语境。 13．Yuan Longping is a ________ in the field of hybrid rice, and his work has helped feed millions of people. A．pioneer B．manager C．villager D．customer 【答案】A 【详解】句意：袁隆平是杂交水稻领域的先驱，他的工作帮助养活了数百万人。 pioneer先驱、开拓者；manager经理；villager村民；customer顾客。根据“in the field of hybrid rice”和“his work has helped feed millions of people”，袁隆平在杂交水稻领域是“先驱”，应填pioneer。 14．Helen Keller’s story is truly ________, and it encourages many people to face difficulties bravely. A．boring B．inspiring C．surprising D．confusing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：海伦·凯勒的故事真的很鼓舞人心，它激励了许多人勇敢面对困难。 boring令人无聊的；inspiring鼓舞人心的；surprising令人惊讶的；confusing令人困惑的。后半句“it encourages many people to face difficulties bravely”说明故事可以激励他人，对应形容词inspiring。 15．His parents’ support gave him the ________ to keep going when he wanted to quit. A．trouble B．courage C．excuse D．fear 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当他想要放弃时，父母的支持给了他继续下去的勇气。 trouble麻烦；courage勇气；excuse借口；fear恐惧。根据“to keep going when he wanted to quit”可知，支持给了他“勇气”，courage符合语境。 16．The teacher told us that we should ________ every chance to learn new things. A．make use of B．get along with C．keep up with D．look forward to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：老师告诉我们应该利用每一个机会学习新事物。 make use of利用；get along with与……相处；keep up with跟上；look forward to期待。根据“every chance to learn new things”可知，此处表示“利用”机会，make use of符合语境，应填make use of。 二、完成句子 1．勤洗手有助于防止疾病传播。 Washing hands frequently can help prevent the ________ ________ ________ . 【答案】 spread of disease 【详解】原句中“疾病传播”是关键词，对应短语spread of disease。（prevent the后接名词短语，spread意为“传播”，disease意为“疾病”，中间用of连接）。应填spread；of；disease。 2．约翰辍学去创业了。 John ________ ________ of school to start his own business. 【答案】 dropped out 【详解】原句中“辍学”是关键词，表示“辍学”的短语是drop out，后可搭配of school；根据汉语句意可知，本句叙述已经发生过的事情，为一般过去时，动词需要使用过去式，drop的过去式为dropped，故填dropped；out。 3．时间在当前的物理领域是一个非常热门的话题。 Time is an especially hot topic right now ________ ________. 【答案】 in physics 【详解】原句中“在物理领域”是关键词，其英文为in physics，作状语，表示范围。 4．每年科学家们都会在医药和科技方面取得许多新的发现。 Every year, scientists ________ many new ________ in medicine and technology. 【答案】 make discoveries 【详解】原句中“取得……发现”是关键词，固定短语make discoveries表示“取得发现”；结合“Every year”可知，时态为一般现在时，主语scientists是复数，动词用make；many修饰可数名词复数，故用discoveries。 5．他在东西方之间打造出美妙的平衡。 He ________ a beautiful balance ________ the East and the West. 【答案】 created between 【详解】原句中“打造出”和“在……之间”是关键词，表示“打造，创造”的英文是create，描述已经完成的过往事件，要用一般过去时，create的过去式为created；表示“在（两者）之间”的英文是between，固定搭配between…and…意为“在……和……两者之间”。故填created；between。 6．弗洛伦斯・南丁格尔帮助人们认识洁净医院的重要性以阻止疾病传播，她十分伟大。 It was wonderful of Florence Nightingale ________ ________ people understand the need for cleaner hospitals ________ ________ the spread of diseases. 【答案】 to help to stop 【详解】①②空：原句中“帮助”是关键词，帮助对应的英文表达是help；此句使用句型It was + adj. + of sb. to do sth.，不定式作真正的主语，因此需要使用to help，构成help sb. do sth.固定搭配，意为帮助某人做某事； ③④空：原句中“以阻止”是关键词，阻止对应的英文表达是stop；此处用动词不定式作目的状语，表行为的目的，因此需要使用to stop。 7．居里夫人一生在物理与化学领域取得了诸多重大发现。 Madame Curie ________ many important ________ in physics and chemistry all her life. 【答案】 made discoveries 【详解】原句中“取得了”和“发现”是关键词，表示“取得了”的单词是make，此处描述居里夫人过去的事实，需用make的过去式made；表示“发现”的单词是discovery，空前有many修饰，需用复数形式discoveries。 8．我被南丁格尔深深鼓舞。 I ________ really ________ by Florence Nightingale. 【答案】 am inspired 【详解】原句中的“被……鼓舞”是关键词，对应的英文表达是be inspired，这里表达一种当下内心的感受，用一般现在时，主语为I，be动词用am。 9．他启动项目培养从事野外研究的本土学生。 He started a programme ________ ________ local students for field research. 【答案】 to train 【详解】原句中“培养”是关键词，表示做某事的目的要用动词不定式to do结构，to用来引出启动项目的目的；“培养学生”英文翻译为train students，to后接动词原形。应填to；train。 10．布鲁内尔修建了英国首批铁路与桥梁，帮助英国发展成为现代化国家，这件事意义重大。 It was meaningful ________ Brunel ________ the first British railways and bridges to help the UK develop into a modern nation. 【答案】 that built 【详解】原句中“修建”是关键词，其英文表达是“build”。在句型“It is/was+形容词+that从句”中，“it”作形式主语，真正主语是后面整件事情，引导词需用“that”。主句时态为一般过去时，“build”应使用过去式“built”。故填that；built。 11．对钟扬来说，经受严寒、高海拔开展野外工作十分艰难。 It was hard for Zhong Yang ________ ________ the cold weather and great heights to do fieldwork. 【答案】 to brave 【详解】原句中“经受”是关键词。“经受”用brave表达，句子是固定句型“It is/was+形容词+for sb. to do sth.”，意为“对某人来说做某事是……的”，其中it是形式主语，不定式是真正主语，因此，此处用动词不定式to brave作真正主语。 12．他的精神在所有学生心中永存，这很有意义。 It is meaningful that his spirit ________ ________ in all his students’ hearts forever. 【答案】 lives on 【详解】原句中“永存”是关键词，表示“继续存在”的短语为“live on”。主语his spirit为第三人称单数，that从句为一般现在时，谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式lives。故填lives；on。 13．张骞始终没有忘记使命，这令人备受鼓舞。 It was greatly inspiring ________ Zhang Qian ________ never forgotten his mission. 【答案】 that had 【详解】原句的关键词是“张骞……，这……”。原句中It作形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句。主句“was”为一般过去时，“没有忘记使命” 发生在“这件事令人鼓舞”之前，属于过去的过去，用过去完成时，结构为：had + 过去分词。 14．种子库包含多样种子十分重要。 It is necessary for seed banks ________ ________ many different kinds of seeds. 【答案】 to include 【详解】关键词是“包含”，include“包含”，此处是固定句型“It is necessary for sb. to do sth.”，用动词不定式作真正的主语。故填to；include。 16．法拉第没接受正规教育却钻研理化，这件事令人惊叹。 It was amazing ________ Faraday ________ scientific research in physics and chemistry without formal education. 【答案】 that did 【详解】原句中“钻研”为关键词，句子结构为It was amazing that…固定句型，引导主语从句，需用that引导，that无实际含义；do research“做研究、钻研”，根据“was”可知，是一般过去时，do的过去式是did。故填that；did。 三、句式翻译 1．他能承认错误是很勇敢的。(用It、brave、admit完成句子) _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It is brave of him to admit his mistake. 【详解】“他能承认错误是很勇敢的”译为It is brave of him to admit his mistake。固定句型“It is +adj.+of sb.+to do sth.”，“勇敢的”译为brave，brave形容人的品质需用介词of。“承认错误”用admit his mistake表示。 2．不轻易放弃对我们很重要。（用It、for、give up） _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It is important for us not to give up easily. 【详解】“不轻易放弃对我们很重要”可译为It is important for us not to give up easily，“不轻易放弃”用not to give up easily表示，作真正的主语，其中give up表示“放弃”，easily表示“轻易地”；“对我们来说”用for us表示，作不定式的逻辑主语；“很重要”用It is important表示，it作形式主语，important作表语，for us not to give up easily为真正的主语。整句使用“It is + adj. + for sb. + to do sth.”结构，其中not to give up为不定式的否定形式。 3．不管这个项目难还是容易，我们必须尽力完成它。(whether ... or ...) _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Whether the project is difficult or easy, we must try our best to finish it. 【详解】“不管这个项目难还是容易，我们必须尽力完成它。”译为“Whether the project is difficult or easy, we must try our best to finish it.”，“不管……还是……”用whether ... or ...引导让步状语从句；“这个项目”用the project表示；“困难”用difficult表示；“容易”用easy表示；“我们”用we表示；“必须”用must表示，后跟动词原形；“尽力做某事”用短语try one’s best to do sth表示，主语是we，用对应的形容词性物主代词our代替one’s；“完成它”用finish it表示。 4．我们好像会赢得这场比赛。(用it句型翻译句子) _____________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It seems (that) we will win the game. 【详解】“我们好像会赢得这场比赛”译为It seems (that) we will win the game. 题干要求使用it句型翻译，选用固定it句型“It seems that…”表示“好像、似乎”，其中it作形式主语，that引导的从句作真正的主语（口语中that可以省略）。“赢得比赛”译为win the game；“会”表示将来趋势，从句中使用一般将来时will win。 5．他很勇敢，救了那个小男孩。（用it句型翻译句子） _____________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It’s brave of him to save the little boy. 【详解】“他很勇敢，救了那个小男孩。”译为“It’s brave of him to save the little boy.”。本句句型为“It’s+形容词+of sb. to do sth.”，用来描述人物的品质；“勇敢的”译为“brave”，是描述人的品质的形容词；“him”译为“他”，作介词of的宾语；“to save the little boy”是不定式短语作真正的主语；“save”指“拯救”；“the little boy”表示“那个小男孩”，作save的宾语。 6．节日让我们有机会团聚。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Festivals give us a chance to get together. 【详解】“节日让我们有机会团聚”翻译为“Festivals give us a chance to get together”。“节日”泛指各类节日，译为“Festivals”，首字母大写，作句子的主语；“让……有机会”用固定搭配“give sb. a chance to do sth.”；“团聚”译为动词短语“get together”。原句是陈述客观事实或普遍真理，使用一般现在时，主语“Festivals”是复数，动词用原形“give”。 语篇拔高练 一、选词填空 Passage A 每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 connect    how    spend    hide    away    succeed    high    choose    country    as On February 6th, 2025, an outstanding Chinese scientist left us, Huang Xuhua, known 1 the “Father of China’s Nuclear Submarines,” 2 his life making his country stronger. Born in 1926 in Guangdong, he saw China’s difficulties when he was young and decided to serve the country through science. In 1958, Huang was 3 to help develop China’s first nuclear submarine. For the next 30 years, he and his team started from nothing and overcame many difficulties to build the country’s first nuclear submarine. In the 1970s, China’s first nuclear submarine was built and tested 4 . As a result, China became one of the 5 that could make nuclear submarines. But Huang didn’t stop. Even as an old man, Huang kept working to improve submarine technology. At the age of 90, he still went to his office every day In 2019, he won China’s 6 honor (荣誉), the Republic Medal, but gave 7 his prize money to help students and scientists. Huang Xuhua’s story reminds us that real heroes don’t always seek fame. Like a submarine 8 beneath (在……下方) the waves, he quietly protected his country for many years. Today, his example inspires many people to work hard, love our nation, and turn small dreams into big achievements. As he once said, “The future belongs to young people who 9 their hearts to China’s growth.” Let’s carry forward his spirit—because every effort, no matter 10 small, can shape our nation’s destiny. 【答案】 1．as 2．spending 3．chosen 4．successfully 5．countries 6．highest 7．away 8．hidden 9．connect 10．how 【导语】本文是一篇人物传记。文章主要讲述了“中国核潜艇之父”黄旭华奉献一生研制核潜艇、获得国家荣誉并捐赠奖金的感人事迹，弘扬了爱国奉献精神。 【详解】 1．句意：2025年2月6日，中国杰出的科学家黄旭华与世长辞，他被誉为“中国核潜艇之父”，毕生致力于让祖国更强大。be known as为固定搭配，意为“被称为”。 2．句意：2025年2月6日，中国杰出的科学家黄旭华与世长辞，他被誉为“中国核潜艇之父”，毕生致力于让祖国更强大。根据“his life making his country stronger”可知，花费一生让祖国更强大，此处用现在分词spending 作伴随状语。 3．句意：1958 年，黄被选中帮助开发中国第一艘核潜艇。根据“was…to help develop China’s first nuclear submarine“可知，他被选中来帮助开发中国第一艘核潜艇。主语Huang与 choose之间是被动关系，was后接过去分词chosen。 4．句意：在 20 世纪 70 年代，中国第一艘核潜艇被建造并成功测试。修饰动词tested需用副词形式，建造之后应是成功测试，succeed的副词为successfully。 5．句意：因此，中国成为能够制造核潜艇的国家之一。one of+复数名词，表示“……之一”，中国是一个国家，所以此处填country的复数countries。 6．句意：2019 年，他获得了中国最高荣誉——共和国勋章。根据“ he won China’s…honor, the Republic Medal”可知，共和国勋章是中国最高荣誉，用high的最高级highest。 7．句意：但把他的奖金捐赠出去帮助学生和科学家。give away意为“捐赠”，符合语境。 8．句意：像一艘隐藏在海浪之下的潜艇，他多年来默默守护着自己的国家。潜艇通常是隐藏在海浪之下，submarine与hide之间是被动关系，用过去分词 hidden作后置定语。 9．句意：未来属于那些将心与中国成长连接起来的年轻人。connect…to“与……相连接”，定语从句主语who指代 young people（复数），陈述客观事实用一般现在时，谓语动词用原形connect。 10．句意：因为每一次努力，无论多么渺小，都能塑造国家的命运。no matter how 意为“无论多么”，后接形容词 small，引导让步状语从句。 Passage B 根据短文内容，用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使文章通顺、完整，每词限用一次。 protect, interest, nature, encourage, trust, discovery, use, know, complete, society Jane Goodall, a famous British scientist 1 for studying chimpanzees (黑猩猩), visited China from November to December 2024. She was born on April 3, 1934. When she was a child, she was 2 to ask questions and learn more by her mom. Jane dreamed of seeing animals in their 3 homes. In 1960, she set off for Tanzania to study wild chimpanzees. At first, chimpanzees were afraid of her. She spent months quietly watching them until they 4 her. At the same time, she made many 5 . For example, she found that chimpanzees can use tools to get food. Before this, people thought only humans used tools. Jane also got to know the 6 lives of chimpanzees. They live in groups, with strong family ties. Mothers are as careful as human mums, taking good care of their babies. Group members play together, pick through each other’s fur to keep it clean. We 7 to think humans were different from the other animals in using tools and having social lives. But this idea was 8 changed by Jane Goodall’s work. It showed that chimpanzees are more like us than we thought. Jane spent her life 9 animals and the environment. She met with all kinds of difficulties like bugs, bad weather, and being far away from home. But she didn’t give up. This shows us the power of having a strong 10 in something. If you have a love for something, you should follow that love. 【答案】 1．known 2．encouraged 3．natural 4．trusted 5．discoveries 6．social 7．used 1．completely 2．protecting 3．interest 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了著名的英国科学家珍·古道尔研究黑猩猩的经历，以及她的发现对人类认知的改变。 【详解】 1．句意：珍・古道尔，一位因研究黑猩猩而出名的英国科学家，于2024年11月至12月到访中国。be known for意为“因……而闻名”，此处作后置定语修饰名词scientist，故填known。 2．句意：当她还是个孩子的时候，她的妈妈鼓励她提问并学习更多知识。根据“by her mom”可知，此处表示被动，be encouraged to do sth.意为“被鼓励做某事”，符合母亲对孩子的行为语境。 3．句意：珍梦想着在动物们的自然家园里看到它们。根据语境，此处表达动物原生的生存栖息地；空格修饰名词homes，需要形容词作定语，nature对应的形容词为natural，意为“自然的”。 4．句意：她花了几个月的时间静静地观察它们，直到它们信任她。根据语境，前文提到黑猩猩起初害怕她，经过长期观察后黑猩猩慢慢信任她；until引导时间状语从句，主句为一般过去时，从句时态要和主句保持一致，动词trust要用过去式trusted。 5．句意：与此同时，她取得许多发现。根据语境，后文列举了她科研上的新发现，many后接可数名词复数，名词discovery需要变为复数形式discoveries。 6．句意：珍也了解到黑猩猩的群居生活。根据下文“They live in groups, with strong family ties”可知，黑猩猩过群体生活；空格需要形容词修饰名词lives，名词society 对应的形容词为social，表示“群居的”。 7．句意：我们过去常常认为人类在使用工具和拥有群居生活方面与其他动物不同。根据语境，讲述过去人们固有的观点，固定搭配used to do sth.表示“过去常常做某事”。 8．句意：但是珍・古道尔的研究彻底改变了这一观点。根据语境，此处表达观点被完全改变；设空处修饰动词changed，需使用副词，complete对应的副词为completely，意为“完全地”。 9．句意：珍一生致力于保护动物和环境。根据语境，此处表达毕生投身于动物与环境保护；固定结构spend one’s life (in) doing sth.意为“花费一生做某事”，介词in可以省略，后接动名词，动词protect变为动名词形式protecting。 10．句意：这向我们展示了对某事有浓厚兴趣的力量。固定搭配have a strong interest in sth.意为“对某事有浓厚的兴趣”。 Passage C 根据语篇内容,从方框中选择恰当的单词,并用其正确形式填空。将单词填写在对应的横线上。每个单词只能用一次。 wisely  childhood  goal  necessary  of  admire  reach  universe  if  I My career idol (职业偶像) is Wu Fei, a space flight engineer. I have always 1 him. He was born in a small town and worked hard in school. His 2 was filled with memories of looking at the stars and dreaming of space. In order to make his dream come true, he kept on doing difficult work for years and stuck to his 3 . During his studies, he planned his time 4 . When preparing for the space program, he exercised hard every day to stay healthy. After years of preparation, he achieved his dream of becoming a member 5 the space program on October 31, 2025. His story greatly encouraged me. It teaches me the true meaning of hard work—try my best to go for the stars. Inspired by him, I dream of becoming an astronaut like him, helping to explore the 6 and making our world better. I plan to study very hard on the two 7 courses—science and maths. I plan to work at least two hours daily on my projects about space. I know I must work hard until I 8 my goal. My idol has given 9 a direction for exploring my future life. And this made me understand 10 we keep on doing what we love, we can make our dreams come true. 【答案】 1．admired 2．childhood 3．goal 4．wisely 5．of 6．universe 7．necessary 8．reach 9．me 10．if 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述作者的职业偶像是航天工程师吴非，介绍吴非追逐航天梦想的经历，受偶像鼓舞，作者也立志成为宇航员，明白了坚持热爱就能实现梦想的道理。 【详解】 1．句意：我一直很敬佩他。 空格前有助动词have，此处构成现在完成时“have+过去分词”，宾语him指代“职业偶像”，所以admire“钦佩”符合语境，此处需要变为过去分词admired。 2．句意：他的童年充满仰望星空、畅想太空的回忆。 空格前为形容词性物主代词his，其后应接名词。结合上一句“He was born...”可知，此处在讲述偶像小时候的事情，childhood名词“童年”，符合语境。 3．句意：为实现梦想，多年来他坚持完成艰难的工作，坚守自己的目标。 形容词性物主代词his后接名词，横线处作stuck to“坚持，坚守”的宾语，goal名词“目标”符合搭配。 4．句意：在学习期间，他明智地规划自己的时间。 修饰动词planned要用副词，备选词汇中wisely是副词，意为“明智地”，符合语法和语境。 5．句意：经过多年准备，在2025年10月31日，他实现梦想，成为航天项目的一员。a member of...是固定搭配，意为“……的一员”，故填of。 6．句意：受他启发，我梦想成为像他一样的宇航员，助力探索宇宙，让我们的世界变得更美好。横线处作动词explore“探索”的宾语，作者梦想成为宇航员，宇航员的重要工作之一便是探索“宇宙”，故填universe。 7．句意：我打算努力学习两门必备科目——科学和数学。 空格处需要一个形容词来修饰名词courses“课程”，此处描述成为宇航员所必需的科目，所以形容词necessary“必要的，必备的”符合语境。 8．句意：我知道我必须努力奋斗，直到实现我的目标。 横线处需要动词作谓语，宾语是goal，reach one’s goal意为“实现目标”。主语时态是一般现在时，所以until引导的时间状语从句时态也是一般现在时，主语是I，动词用原形reach。 9．句意：我的偶像给了我探索未来人生的方向。 give sb. sth.意为“给某人某物”，give后面用人称代词宾格，应该用I的宾格形式me。 10．句意：这让我明白：如果我们坚持做自己热爱的事，我们就能实现梦想。 横线处需要连词引导从句，且从句内容是“实现梦想”的条件，所以用连词if引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”。 Passage D when  interested  curiosity  train  especially  collection  discover  plant  whole  I On 25 September 2017, the scientific world was shaken by the news that Chinese professor Zhong Yang had died in a car accident. The well-respected biologist had spent his 1 life researching plants and seeds. Over the years, he collected many important seeds for China’s seed banks. These special banks protect all kinds of plant seeds, including the ones we need for food, and they make sure that important plants do not disappear from the world forever. Zhong Yang was born in 1964. When he was young, he showed a deep love and 2 for the things he studied. He was an excellent student, entering university at the early age of 15. There, he studied radio engineering and later became 3 in plants. The research and study of plants, 4 the seeds, became the focus of his life after he became a professor at Fudan University. It is important for seed banks to include many different kinds of seeds. When Zhong Yang 5 that there was not enough research of the seeds from Xizang, he went there to collect seeds himself. Zhong Yang knew it was better to include more people 6 doing important work. He began a programme to find and 7 local students in field research to become scientists. Together, he and his team collected more than 40 million seeds from around 1,000 8 . Their hard work provided the world with lots of new information about the plants in China. Zhong Yang left behind more than just a huge 9 of seeds. His love for his job and research lives on in his students. He once said, “ 77 students will continue on the road of scientific exploration, and the seeds we have collected may grow hundreds of years from now.” 【答案】 1．whole 2．curiosity 3．interested 4．especially 5．discovered 6．when 7．train 8．plants 9．collection 10．My 【导语】本文介绍中国著名生物学家钟扬教授的生平事迹，讲述他毕生致力于植物种子研究、收集大量种子以保护生物多样性，以及他培养当地学生、延续科研精神的故事，展现他对科学的热爱与传承。 【详解】 1．句意：这位备受尊敬的生物学家毕生致力于研究植物和种子。空格修饰名词life，需要形容词作定语，选项whole（整个的）符合语法及“他一生都投入科研”的语境。 2．句意：他年轻时，对所研究的事物表现出深厚的热爱和好奇心。空格与love并列，作showed的宾语，需填名词，选项curiosity（好奇心）符合语法及“少年时期对知识充满好奇”的语境。 3．句意：后来他对植物产生了兴趣。固定搭配become interested in意为“对……感兴趣”，选项interested符合语法及“他转向植物学”的语境。 4．句意：对植物的研究和学习，尤其是种子，成为他生活的重心。空格修饰the seeds，起强调作用，需填副词，选项especially（尤其）符合语法及“重点突出种子研究”的语境。 5．句意：当钟扬发现对西藏种子的研究不足时，他亲自去收集种子。空格作谓语动词，描述过去发生的事，需用过去式，discover的过去式为discovered（发现），符合时态及“察觉到空白领域”的语境。 6．句意：钟扬知道在做重要工作时最好让更多人参与。空格引导时间状语，选项when（当……时）为连词，符合“从事重要研究时”的语境。 7．句意：他启动了一个项目，寻找并培训当地学生参与实地研究，以成为科学家。空格与find并列，需填动词原形，选项train（培训）符合“培养学生”的语境。 8．句意：他和团队从大约1000种植物中收集了超过4000万颗种子。空格作介词from的宾语，需填名词复数，plant的复数为plants（植物），符合“种子来自不同植物”的语境。 9．句意：钟扬留下的不仅是一大批种子收藏。空格作a huge的中心词，需填名词，选项collection（收藏、收集物）符合“大量种子藏品”的语境。 10．句意：他说：“我的学生们将继续在科学探索的道路上前行。”空格修饰students，需填形容词性物主代词，选项I的形容词性物主代词为my（我的），符合“他提到自己的学生”的语境。 二、短文填空 Passage A 阅读下面短文，根据上下文或括号内单词等提示，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式。 Amelia Earhart is one of the most famous pilots in history. Born in 1897, she showed great 1 (brave) as a child. Even as a girl, she climbed trees and caught rats—anything other girls did not dare. After she took her first 2 (fly) in a small plane, flying became her life's dream. Her parents supported her and never said "this is not for girls". She worked hard 3 (pay) for her own flying lessons. In 1932, she flew across the Atlantic 4 (one), becoming the first woman to do it. It was amazing 5 a woman to achieve that so long ago. She was such 6 inspiring person that crowds came to hear her speak. Soon people regarded her 7 a pioneer of the sky. She wrote a book about her trips, and gave talks to share what she had seen. Curiosity and 8 (wise), she believed, were the wings of every explorer. Many young 9 (pilot) followed her into the sky after that. Since then, her story 87 (teach) millions of girls that dreams can come true. Today, when a girl looks up at the universe of stars, her spirit still flies with her. 【答案】 1．bravery 2．flight 3．to pay 4．alone 5．for 6．an 7．as 8．wisdom 9．pilots 10．has taught 【导语】本文介绍著名女飞行员阿梅莉亚・埃尔哈特，讲述她从小勇敢追梦，成为飞行先驱，激励无数女孩勇敢追逐梦想的故事。 【详解】 1．句意：她出生于1897年，小时候就展现出极大的勇气。形容词great后需要接名词，brave的名词形式为bravery。 2．句意：在第一次乘坐小型飞机飞行之后，飞行成了她一生的梦想。形容词first后面接名词，fly的名词形式 flight，表示 “飞行”。 3．句意：她努力工作来支付自己的飞行课程费用。此处用动词不定式作目的状语，表示努力工作的目的。故填to pay。 4．句意：1932年，她独自飞越大西洋，成为做到这件事的第一位女性。此处需要副词修饰动词flew，one的副词alone表示“独自地”。 5．句意：在很久以前一位女性能取得那样的成就，真是令人惊叹。It was amazing for sb.. to do sth.，表示“对某人来说做某事令人惊叹”。 6．句意：她是如此鼓舞人心的一个人，以至于大批人群前来听她演讲。such后面接不定冠词，inspiring以元音音素开头，用an。 7．句意：很快人们把她看作天空领域的先驱。regard sb as...意为 “把某人看作……”。 8．句意：她相信，好奇心与智慧是每一位探险家的翅膀。and连接并列名词，wise的名词形式wisdom。 9．句意：在那之后，许多年轻飞行员追随她飞向蓝天。many后面接可数名词复数，pilot复数pilots。 10．句意：从那以后，她的故事已经教会数百万女孩梦想可以成真。since then是现在完成时标志，主语story为单数，故用has taught。 Passage B 阅读下面短文，根据上下文或括号内单词等提示，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式。 Last week our class did a survey about the people we admire most, and Gina interviewed her family. Every student had to talk with two family members and write a short report. Her father’s hero is Brunel, a famous 1 (Britain) engineer. He built the first British railways, together with many bridges, ships and tunnels. His work 2 (help) the UK grow into a modern nation for almost two centuries. Even today, his great station in Bristol still welcomes thousands of trains. Gina’s mother chose Florence Nightingale. She created modern nursing, and it was wonderful 3 her to clean the hospitals. Her work also stopped deadly diseases 4 (spread). Her rules of clean wards are still taught in nursing schools today, so her ideas have spread across the world. Steve, Gina’s brother, loves science. He chose Isaac Newton and Alan Turing, 5 pioneer of computer science. Steve 6 (choose) his heroes already. He thinks their stories are truly 94 (admire). Gina put her wishes 7 two parts: heroes give us health, and heroes give us ideas. Nothing can stop young people 8 (learn) from them. She hopes their spirit will live on for 9 (century). The teacher said Gina’s report was the best in class. 【答案】 1．British 2．has helped 3．for 4．spreading 5．a 6．has chosen 7．admirable 8．into 9．learning 10．centuries 【导语】本文主要围绕班级“最敬佩的人”主题调查展开，介绍了吉娜采访三位家人后得到的结果，以及她自己的感悟。 【详解】 1．句意：她父亲心目中的英雄是布鲁内尔，一位著名的英国工程师。空处需填形容词修饰名词“engineer”，Britain是名词“英国”，其形容词形式是British“英国的”，符合语境。 2．句意：近两个世纪以来，他的成就推动英国发展成为现代化国家。时间状语“for almost two centuries”意为“持续近两个世纪”，表示动作从过去开始一直延续到现在，应用现在完成时（has/have+过去分词）。主语“His work”为单数，谓语动词用has helped。 3．句意：她开创了现代护理学，对她而言，整顿医院是一件意义非凡的事。固定句型：It is+adj.+for/of sb. to do sth.中形容词描述事情的性质用介词for，描述人的品格用of。句中“wonderful”形容做这件事很棒，用介词for。 4．句意：她的工作也阻止了致命疾病的传播。固定搭配stop sb./sth. (from) doing sth.表示“阻止……做/发生”。主动语态中from可省略，spread的动名词形式是spreading“传播”。 5．句意：他选出的英雄是艾萨克·牛顿和计算机科学先驱艾伦·图灵。pioneer“先驱”是可数名词单数，此处泛指“一位计算机科学先驱”，且单词以辅音音素开头，因此用不定冠词a。 6．句意：史蒂夫早已确定了自己心目中的英雄。already“已经”提示句子为现在完成时，主语“Steve”是第三人称单数，choose的过去分词是chosen，空处应填has chosen。 7．句意：他认为这些人物的故事着实令人敬佩。be动词“are”后需要接形容词作表语。admire是动词“钦佩”，其形容词形式是admirable，意为 “令人钦佩的、值得赞美的”。 8．句意：吉娜将自己的感悟总结为两点：英雄为我们守护健康，英雄为我们带来思想。固定搭配put…into…意为“把……划分成……”。本句“put her wishes into two parts”表示“把她的感悟分成两部分”，用介词into。 9．句意：没有什么能阻止年轻人向他们学习。固定搭配stop sb./sth. (from) doing sth.表示“阻止……做/发生”。主动语态中from可省略，learn的动名词形式是learning“学习”。 10．句意：她希望这些英雄的精神能世代流传。for+时间段表示持续多久，century“世纪”是可数名词，此处表示“数个世纪”，需要用复数形式centuries。 Passage C 阅读下面短文，根据上下文或括号内单词等提示，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式。 Who do you admire most? Our class had a big discussion last week. Many students chose Yuan Longping. 1 was great of him to develop a new kind of rice. His work helped reduce 2 (hungry) in many parts of the world. He also trained thousands of people to do research on farming, both in China and in other countries. Others chose Marie Curie, a great woman who made many 3 (discover) in physics and chemistry. It was difficult 4 women to do that kind of work in those days, but she won two Nobel Prizes! Fu Xing spoke about Sima Qian, one of the greatest 5 (historian) in Chinese history. He also played an important part in 6 (review) the calendar of his time. Peter admired Michael Faraday, a man full of ideas. The young Faraday 7 (receive) little formal education at an early age. But he found every chance to study, and became one of the world’s best-known 8 (science). Their stories are truly 9 (inspire) to us teenagers. 10 the end, we all agreed: it is always important to keep going in life. A great person is like a star, showing us the way forward. 【答案】 1．It 2．hunger 3．discoveries 4．for 5．historians 6．reviewing 7．received 8．scientists 9．inspiring 10．In 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了班级讨论“最敬佩的人”时，同学们分享的几位伟人及其贡献，最后总结出“坚持向前”的重要性。 【详解】 1．句意：他培育出一种新的水稻，这真是伟大。固定句型“It is+adj.+of sb. to do sth.”，其中It作形式主语，真正主语是后面的不定式。句首需大写。 2．句意：他的工作帮助减少了世界许多地区的饥饿。动词“reduce”后需接名词作宾语，括号内为hungry（形容词），需变为名词hunger（不可数）。 3．句意：玛丽·居里在物理和化学方面做出了许多发现。“many”后接可数名词复数，discover（动词）变名词discovery，复数形式为discoveries。 4．句意：在那个年代，女性做那种工作是很困难的。固定句型“It is difficult for sb. to do sth.”，表示“对某人来说做某事是困难的”，介词用for。 5．句意：傅兴谈到了司马迁，中国历史上最伟大的历史学家之一。结构“one of+形容词最高级+名词复数”，historian的复数为historians。 6．句意：他在修订他那个时代的历法方面也发挥了重要作用。介词“in”后接动词时需用动名词形式，review变为reviewing。 7．句意：年轻的法拉第在早年接受过很少的正规教育。描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，receive的过去式为received。 8．句意：成为世界上最著名的科学家之一。结构“one of+名词复数”，science（科学）变指人的名词scientist，复数为scientists。 9．句意：他们的故事对我们青少年来说确实很鼓舞人心。系动词“are”后接形容词作表语，修饰“stories”应用inspiring（令人鼓舞的）。 10．句意：最后，我们都同意：在生活中坚持不懈是很重要的。固定短语“in the end”表示“最后”，位于句首首字母大写。 Passage D 阅读下面短文，根据上下文或括号内单词等提示，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式。 This week our class learned about Zhong Yang, the inspiring seed scientist. Born in 1964, he showed a deep 1 (curious) about the things around him. He entered university at the early age of 15, and 2 (study) radio engineering there. He was such an excellent student that his teachers never forgot him. After years of hard work, he became a 3 (science) professor at Fudan University. It is very important 4 a seed bank to keep many different kinds of seeds. And it was brave 5 Zhong Yang to go to Xizang again and again. In 2001, he began his long travels across Xizang and 6 (collect) millions of seeds there. He sometimes fell sick, but he always 7 (continue) with his work. He also started a programme to train local students, and his team 8 (collect) over 40 million seeds from more than 1,000 types of plants so far. Their hard work has provided the world 9 lots of new information about China's plants. Zhong Yang died in 2017, but his love for science 10 (live) on in his students ever since. The seeds he planted in people’s hearts may grow hundreds of years from now. 【答案】 1．curiosity 2．studied 3．scientific 4．for 5．of 6．collected 7．continued 8．has collected 9．with 10．has lived 【导语】本文主要介绍了鼓舞人心的种子科学家钟扬的生平事迹与贡献。 【详解】 1．句意：1964年出生的他，对身边的事物展现出强烈的好奇心。此处需要名词作show的宾语，curious是形容词，对应的名词是curiosity“好奇心”，符合“a+形容词+名词”的结构。 2．句意：他15岁考入大学，在那里学习无线电工程。此处与前面的entered是并列谓语，时态为一般过去时，study的过去式是studied。 3．句意：多年努力后，他成为复旦大学的一名科学教授。此处需要形容词修饰名词professor，science是名词，对应的形容词scientific“科学的”符合语境。 4．句意：建立种子库来保存不同种类的种子是非常重要的。固定句型“It’s + adj. + for sb./sth. + to do sth.”表示“做某事对某人/某物来说是……的”，此处for后接事物a seed bank，符合句型结构。 5．句意：钟扬一次又一次前往西藏是很勇敢的。固定句型“It’s + adj. + of sb. + to do sth.”中形容词是描述人物品质的词（如brave），此处用of符合结构，表达“某人做某事是……的”。 6．句意：2001年，他开始了穿越西藏的长途旅行，在那里收集了数百万颗种子。此处与began是并列谓语，时态为一般过去时，collect的过去式是collected。 7．句意：他有时会生病，但总是继续他的工作。此处描述过去的行为，与前面的fell是并列谓语，时态为一般过去时，continue的过去式是continued。 8．句意：他还启动了培养当地学生的项目，到目前为止，他的团队已经从1000多种植物中收集了超过4000万颗种子。句中时间状语so far“到目前为止”是现在完成时的标志，结构为“have/has + 过去分词”，主语his team是单数概念，助动词用has，collect的过去分词是collected，故填has collected。 9．句意：他们的辛勤工作为世界提供了许多关于中国植物的新信息。provide sb. with sth.表示“为某人提供某物”，此处符合该搭配，填with。 10．句意：钟扬2017年去世，但从那时起，他对科学的热爱在学生中延续。句中时间状语ever since“从那时起”是现在完成时的标志，主语his love是不可数名词，助动词用has，live的过去分词是lived，故填has lived。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $