Unit 2 Inspiring People（单元重点语法任务单）2026-2027学年九年级英语上册（新教材人教版）

该初中英语单元知识清单聚焦“Unit 2 Inspiring People”重点语法，涵盖it作形式主语（不定式/that从句）、强调句型、形式宾语及其他用法四大核心范畴，通过“知识精讲（概述、句型、区分、拓展）+即学即用练习（填空、选择、转换等）”搭建从语法规则理解到语言应用的递进式学习支架，配套词句基础练与语篇拔高练。 清单以“对比表格+记忆口诀”系统呈现知识，如for/of区分表格配“人品好、事情难”口诀，结合教材原句例证，培养语言能力与思维品质。设“验证技巧”（如强调句去it is...that后完整性判断），练习分层适配不同水平，教师可借即学即用模块设计课堂活动，学生能自主检测巩固，有效发展学习能力。

Unit 2 Inspiring People重点语法 考点一：it 作形式主语（主语为不定式） 一、知识精讲 1. 概述 当句子的真正主语是不定式短语（to do sth.）时，为避免句子“头重脚轻”，用 it 放在句首充当形式主语，将真正的主语（不定式）后置，使句子结构平衡。 2. 基本句型 It + be + 形容词 + (for/of sb.) + to do sth. 3. 核心区分：for sb. 与 of sb. 结构 用法 形容词特征 逻辑主语 It is + adj. + of sb. + to do sth. 形容词描述人的品质/性格 great, kind, nice, brave, wise, stupid, creative, clever, foolish, generous, selfish, polite, rude 是“人”（sb.）具备这些品质 It is + adj. + for sb. + to do sth. 形容词描述事物的性质/难易程度 difficult, easy, important, necessary, impossible, possible, hard, dangerous, safe, useful, useless, boring, exciting 是“做某事”（to do sth.）具有这些性质 记忆口诀： · of sb. —— 人品好（夸人或骂人） · for sb. —— 事情难（描述事情本身） 教材原句： · It was great of him to develop a new kind of rice and help reduce hunger. 他研发出新型水稻并帮助减少饥饿，这太棒了。（of，描述“他”很棒） · It was very creative of him to design it. 他设计这个真是太有创造力了。（of，描述“他”有创造力） · It's really very nice of him to support and encourage my exchange study here. 他支持并鼓励我在这里进行交换学习，这真的非常好。（of，描述“他”人好） · It was wise of Confucius to say that we should treat our elders with respect. 孔子说我们应该尊敬长辈，这是明智的。（of，描述“孔子”明智） · It was difficult for women to do that kind of work back in those days. 在那个年代，女性做那种工作很困难。（for，描述“做那种工作”很困难） · It is necessary for us to listen to our teacher's advice. 听老师的劝告对我们来说很有必要。（for，描述“听老师劝告”有必要） · It seemed impossible for him to finish his task or to return home. 对他来说，完成任务或回家似乎都不可能。（for，描述“完成任务/回家”似乎不可能） · It's always important to keep going in life. 在生活中坚持下去总是很重要的。（for，描述“坚持下去”很重要） 4. 句型拓展 it 作形式主语还可以接名词（如 a good idea, a pity, a fact 等）： · It is a good idea to plant more trees. 多种树是个好主意。 · It is a pity to miss the chance. 错过这个机会很遗憾。 二、即学即用 （一）用 for 或 of 填空 1. It was brave ______ him to face the danger alone. 2. It is important ______ us to learn English well. 3. It was stupid ______ him to lie to the teacher. 4. It is necessary ______ students to finish homework on time. 5. It was kind ______ you to help me with my exchange study. 6. It is impossible ______ me to finish the work in one day. 7. It was clever ______ her to solve the problem so quickly. 8. It is dangerous ______ children to play near the river. 9. It was generous ______ him to donate so much money. 10. It is essential ______ everyone to get enough sleep. 参考答案： 1. of 2. for 3. of 4. for 5. of 6. for 7. of 8. for 9. of 10. for （二）单项选择 1. It was great ______ Yuan Longping to develop a new kind of rice. A. for B. with C. to D. of 2. It is difficult ______ women to do that kind of work back in those days. A. for B. of C. to D. with 3. It is very nice ______ you to support my exchange study here. A. for B. of C. to D. with 4. It was wise ______ Confucius to say that we should treat elders with respect. A. for B.to C. of D. with 5. It is necessary ______ us to listen to our teacher's advice. A. for B. of C. to D. with 参考答案： 1. D 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. A （三）句型转换（将下列句子改为“It + be + adj. + to do”结构） 1. To learn English well is important for us. → ________________________________________________ 2. To help others is kind of her. → ________________________________________________ 3. To finish the work in two days is impossible for me. → ________________________________________________ 4. To tell lies is stupid of him. → ________________________________________________ 5. To keep a balanced diet is necessary for everyone. → ________________________________________________ 参考答案： 1. It is important for us to learn English well. 2. It is kind of her to help others. 3. It is impossible for me to finish the work in two days. 4. It is stupid of him to tell lies. 5. It is necessary for everyone to keep a balanced diet. （四）判断正误并改错 1. It was great for him to develop a new kind of rice. （______） 改正：________________________________________________ 2. It is difficult of women to do that work. （______） 改正：________________________________________________ 3. It was wise of Confucius to say that. （______） 改正：________________________________________________ 4. It is necessary of us to keep going. （______） 改正：________________________________________________ 5. It was creative of him to design the pyramid. （______） 改正：________________________________________________ 参考答案： 1. （×）改正：It was great of him to develop a new kind of rice. 2. （×）改正：It is difficult for women to do that work. 3. （√） 4. （×）改正：It is necessary for us to keep going. 5. （√） （5） 根据中文完成句子 1. 每天阅读对我们来说很重要。 ________________________________________________ for us to read every day. 2. 你帮助我真是太善良了。 It is very kind ________________________________________________. 3. 对她来说，独自完成这个项目很困难。 It is difficult ________________________________________________. 4. 他撒那个谎真是太愚蠢了。 It was stupid ________________________________________________. 5. 对我们来说，在生活中坚持下去总是很重要的。 It's always important ________________________________________________ in life. 参考答案： 1. It is important 2. of you to help me 3. for her to finish the project alone 4. of him to tell that lie 5. for us to keep going 考点二：it 作形式主语（主语为 that 从句） 一、知识精讲 1. 概述 当句子的真正主语是 that 从句 时，同样用 it 作形式主语，将 that 从句后置。此时 it 位于句首，真正的主语是后面整个 that 引导的从句。 2. 基本句型 It + be + 形容词/名词 + that 从句 3. 常见句型 · It is/was + adj. + that... （……是……的） · It is said that... （据说……） · It is reported that... （据报道……） · It is believed that... （据信……） · It is well-known that... （众所周知……） · It is a fact that... （事实是……） · It is a pity that... （遗憾的是……） 教材原句： · It was amazing that he did scientific research in physics and chemistry even though he didn't receive a formal education. 尽管他没受过正规教育，却从事物理和化学研究，这太了不起了。 · It was important to him that everyone should show the same kindness and care to everyone else, whether they were family, friends, or strangers. 对他来说，重要的是每个人都应该对他人表现出同样的善意和关心，无论他们是家人、朋友还是陌生人。 · It is said that Mozi was a soldier, good at woodwork, and was the inventor of the kite. 据说墨子是一名士兵，擅长木工，并且是风筝的发明者。 4. 与强调句型的区分 it 作形式主语（主语从句） it 强调句型 结构 It + be + adj./n. + that 从句 It + be + 被强调部分 + that/who + 剩余部分 去掉 It is... that 剩余部分不完整 剩余部分是完整句子 例句 It is important that we study hard. → Important that we study hard.（不完整） It was through his efforts that he succeeded. → Through his efforts he succeeded.（完整） 二、即学即用 （一）判断正误并改错 1. It is said that Mozi was a soldier. （______） 改正：________________________________________________ 2. It is important to him that everyone show kindness. （______） 改正：________________________________________________ 3. It was amazing which he did research without education. （______） 改正：________________________________________________ 4. It that is said Mozi invented the kite. （______） 改正：________________________________________________ 5. It is a fact that Zhang Qian brought back valuable information. （______） 改正：________________________________________________ 参考答案： 1. （√） 2. （√） 3. （×）改正：It was amazing that he did research without education. 4. （×）改正：It is said that Mozi invented the kite. 5. （√） （二）句型转换 1. That he succeeded in finding the Yuezhi people is amazing. → ________________________________________________ 2. That Mozi was a soldier is said. → ________________________________________________ 3. That everyone should show kindness to others was important to him. → ________________________________________________ 4. That Zhang Qian was caught by the enemy is unfortunate. → ________________________________________________ 5. That he never gave up is the most important. → ________________________________________________ 参考答案： 1. It is amazing that he succeeded in finding the Yuezhi people. 2. It is said that Mozi was a soldier. 3. It was important to him that everyone should show kindness to others. 4. It is unfortunate that Zhang Qian was caught by the enemy. 5. It is the most important that he never gave up. （三）用所给词填空（say, report, believe, well-know, fact） 1. It is __________ that Zhong Yang spent his whole life researching plants. 2. It is __________ that Zhang Qian was caught by the enemy. 3. It is a __________ that he succeeded through his hard work. 4. It is __________ that more than two million people use the railway every year. 5. It is __________ that Mozi was the inventor of the kite. 参考答案： 1. well-known 2. reported 3. fact 4. believed 5. said （四）将下列句子译为英语 1. 据说张骞带回了关于西域的宝贵信息。 2. 众所周知，袁隆平研发了新型水稻。 3. 对他而言，每个人都心怀善意是很重要的。 4. 令人惊讶的是，他没有接受正规教育却成为了伟大的科学家。 5. 据报道，这位生物学家一生都在研究植物。 参考答案： 1. It is said that Zhang Qian brought back valuable information about the Western Regions. 2. It is well-known that Yuan Longping developed a new kind of rice. 3. It was important to him that everyone should show kindness. 4. It is surprising that he became a great scientist without receiving formal education. 5. It is reported that the biologist spent his whole life researching plants. 考点三：it 用于强调句型 一、知识精讲 1. 概述 强调句型用于专门强调句子的主语、宾语、状语等成分（不能强调谓语动词），通过固定结构将想要突出的信息前置，突出重点。 2. 基本句型 It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 句子剩余部分。 · 被强调部分指人时，可用 who 或 that · 被强调部分指物/时间/地点/原因/方式时，只能用 that（不能用 when/where/why） 3. 各成分强调示例 被强调成分 例句 主语 It was Zhang Qian who brought back valuable information. 宾语 It was the Yuezhi people that Zhang Qian finally found. 时间状语 It was in 2017 that the seed bank was established. 地点状语 It was in the field that he made his discovery. 方式状语 It was through his efforts that he became successful. 原因状语 It was because of his curiosity that he kept exploring. 4. 验证技巧（核心考点） 去掉 “It is/was… that/who” 后，剩余部分能组成完整通顺的句子，则为强调句；否则是主语从句。 · ✅ 强调句：It was through his efforts that he succeeded. → Through his efforts he succeeded.（完整句） · ❌ 主语从句：It is important that we study hard. → Important that we study hard.（不完整） 5. 特殊注意事项 · 不能强调谓语动词：若强调谓语，需用 do/does/did + 动词原形。 例：He did succeed in the end. 他确实最终成功了。 · 被强调部分是时间/地点时，不能用 when/where，只能用 that。 ✅ It was in 2017 that he started his research. ❌ It was in 2017 when he started his research. 教材原句： · It was through his efforts and hard work that he became successful. 正是通过他的努力和辛勤付出，他才获得了成功。 二、即学即用 （一）判断句子类型（A=强调句，B=主语从句/形式主语） 1. It was through his efforts that he succeeded. （ ） 2. It is important that we keep going in life. （ ） 3. It was in the field that he made his discovery. （ ） 4. It is said that Mozi was a soldier. （ ） 5. It was Zhang Qian who brought back the information. （ ） 6. It is amazing that he did research without formal education. （ ） 7. It was because of his curiosity that he kept exploring. （ ） 8. It was in 2017 that the seed bank was opened. （ ） 9. It is necessary for us to listen to our teacher's advice. （ ） 10. It was the Yuezhi people that he finally found. （ ） 参考答案： 1. A 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. A 6. B 7. A 8. A 9. B 10. A （二）判断正误并改错 1. It was through his efforts that he became successful. （______） 改正：________________________________________________ 2. It was in the field where he made his discovery. （______） 改正：________________________________________________ 3. It was Zhang Qian which brought back valuable information. （______） 改正：________________________________________________ 4. It was in 2017 when the seed bank was established. （______） 改正：________________________________________________ 5. It was because of his curiosity that he kept exploring. （______） 改正：________________________________________________ 参考答案： 1. （√） 2. （×）改正：It was in the field that he made his discovery. 3. （×）改正：It was Zhang Qian who/that brought back valuable information. 4. （×）改正：It was in 2017 that the seed bank was established. 5. （√） （三）对划线部分进行强调 1. Zhang Qian brought back valuable information about the Western Regions.（强调主语） → ________________________________________________ 2. He succeeded through his efforts and hard work.（强调方式状语） → ________________________________________________ 3. He made his most important discovery in the field.（强调地点状语） → ________________________________________________ 4. He finally found the Yuezhi people.（强调宾语） → ________________________________________________ 5. The seed bank was established in 2017.（强调时间状语） → ________________________________________________ 参考答案： 1. It was Zhang Qian who brought back valuable information about the Western Regions. 2. It was through his efforts and hard work that he succeeded. 3. It was in the field that he made his most important discovery. 4. It was the Yuezhi people that he finally found. 5. It was in 2017 that the seed bank was established. （四）将下列强调句还原为普通句 1. It was through his hard work that he succeeded. → ________________________________________________ 2. It was Zhang Qian who brought back valuable information. → ________________________________________________ 3. It was in the field that he made his discovery. → ________________________________________________ 4. It was because of her courage that she never gave up. → ________________________________________________ 5. It was the Yuezhi people that he finally found. → ________________________________________________ 参考答案： 1. He succeeded through his hard work. 2. Zhang Qian brought back valuable information. 3. He made his discovery in the field. 4. She never gave up because of her courage. 5. He finally found the Yuezhi people. 考点四：it 作形式宾语及其他用法 一、知识精讲 1. it 作形式宾语 当动词（如 find, think, make, consider, feel, believe 等）的真正宾语是不定式短语（to do sth.）或从句时，用 it 作形式宾语放在动词后，将真正的宾语后置。 句型：主语 + 谓语 + it + 形容词/名词 + (for sb.) + to do sth. 教材原句： · Zhong Yang knew it was better to include more people when doing important work. 钟扬知道，做重要工作时最好让更多人参与进来。（it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语是 to include more people） 2. it 指代前文提到的单数事物或抽象情况 it 可指代前文提到的某个单数名词或整件事。 教材原句： · Dr Zhong Nanshan gave us great courage and hope. It gave us the power to face the challenges. 钟南山院士给予了我们巨大的勇气和希望，这份勇气和希望赋予了我们面对挑战的力量。（it 指代 great courage and hope） 3. it 指代时间、距离、天气（日常用法） · It's 8 o'clock. 八点了。（时间） · It's 5 km from home to school. 从家到学校五公里。（距离） · It's raining. 正在下雨。（天气） · It's cold outside. 外面很冷。（天气/温度） 二、即学即用 （一）指出下列各句中 it 的用法（A=形式主语，B=形式宾语，C=指代上文，D=指天气/时间/距离） 1. It is important for us to keep going in life. （ ） 2. We find it necessary to listen to our teacher. （ ） 3. It's raining heavily outside. （ ） 4. Dr Zhong gave us courage. It gave us the power. （ ） 5. It is 5 km from home to school. （ ） 6. Zhong Yang knew it was better to include more people. （ ） 7. It was amazing that he succeeded. （ ） 8. The new railway made it convenient for villagers to travel. （ ） 9. It's 8 o'clock now. Let's go. （ ） 10. She thought it her duty to help others. （ ） 参考答案： 1. A 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. D 6. B 7. A 8. B 9. D 10. B （二）用 it 改写下列句子 1. To help others is our duty. → We consider ________________________________________________. 2. To learn a foreign language is not easy. → I find ________________________________________________. 3. To finish the work on time is important. → We think ________________________________________________. 4. To travel around the world is exciting. → They find ________________________________________________. 5. To include more people when doing important work is better. → Zhong Yang knew ________________________________________________. 参考答案： 1. We consider it our duty to help others. 2. I find it not easy to learn a foreign language. 3. We think it important to finish the work on time. 4. They find it exciting to travel around the world. 5. Zhong Yang knew it was better to include more people when doing important work. （三）将下列句子译为英语 1. 我们发现听取老师的建议很有必要。 → ________________________________________________ 2. 钟扬知道做重要工作时最好让更多人参与。 → ________________________________________________ 3. 袁隆平给了我们希望，这份希望给了我们力量。 → ________________________________________________ 4. 从学校到车站大约两公里。 → ________________________________________________ 5. 他们认为保持健康很重要。 → ________________________________________________ 参考答案： 1. We find it necessary to listen to our teacher's advice. 2. Zhong Yang knew it was better to include more people when doing important work. 3. Yuan Longping gave us hope. It gave us the power. 4. It is about 2 kilometers from school to the station. 5. They think it important to keep healthy. 词句基础练 一、单项选择 1．It ________ surprising that many ancient people kept their dreams in hard times long ago. A．is B．was C．will be D．has been 【答案】B 【详解】句意：很久以前，许多古代人在艰难时期坚守梦想，这是令人惊讶的。 根据句中时间状语“long ago”以及从句中的谓语动词“kept”可知，句子描述的是过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时。应填was。 2．Zhong Yang spent his whole life ________ plants and seeds. A．research B．to research C．researching D．researched 【答案】C 【详解】句意：钟扬把他的一生都花在了研究植物和种子上。 固定搭配“spend time/money (in) doing sth.”，spend后接动词时应用动名词形式，因此，researching符合语境。 3．—Don’t be so ________ to others. We should learn to share and help each other. —What you do today ________ a lot to your future, and it’s truly ________ to help people in need. A．mean; means; meaningful B．meaningful; means; mean C．mean; meaningful; means D．means; mean; meaningful 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——不要对别人那么刻薄。我们应该学会分享和互相帮助。——你今天所做的对你的未来意义重大，帮助有需要的人真的很有意义。 mean作形容词意为“刻薄的”，作动词意为“意味着”；means是动词mean的第三人称单数形式；meaningful形容词，意为“有意义的”。第一空be动词后接形容词，根据“We should learn to share and help each other.”可知不要“刻薄”，填mean；第二空主语“What you do today”是主语从句，视为单数，谓语动词用means；第三空it’s + adj. + to do结构，根据语境帮助他人是“有意义的”，填meaningful。故选A。 4．It was great ________ Zhong Yang ________ so many seeds for China. A．of; to collect B．for; collecting C．of; collecting D．for; to collect 【答案】A 【详解】句意：钟扬为中国收集了这么多种子，真是太伟大了。 of表示某人的品质；for表示事情的性质；collecting收集，动名词；to collect收集，不定式。该句用“It is+形容词+of sb. to do sth.”，形容词评价人的品质用of，不定式作真正主语用to collect，故选A。 5．________ is common for teenagers to look up to great people in history. A．This B．That C．One D．It 【答案】D 【详解】句意：青少年崇拜历史上的伟人是常见的。 This这；That那；One一个；It它。根据固定句型“It is+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.”可知，此处需用It作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。应填It。 6．It is careless ________ you to ________ your bag on the bus. A．for; put B．of; leave C．of; miss D．for; forget 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你把包遗落在公交车上真粗心。 put放；leave遗留；miss错过；forget忘记。在“It is+adj.+of/for+sb.+to do sth.”句型中，形容词修饰人用“of”，修饰事用“for”。“careless”意为“粗心的”，是修饰人的品质，故第一空填“of”。第二空根据句意要表达把包“遗留”在车上，“leave sth.+地点”表示“把某物遗留在某处”，符合题意。应填of；leave。 7．________ is hoped that more Chinese astronauts ________ to the moon in the near future. A．It; will send B．That; will be sent C．It; will be sent D．What; send 【答案】C 【详解】句意：人们希望在不久的将来，会有更多中国宇航员被送往月球。 It它；That那个；What什么。that引导的完整句子是本句的真正主语，句首必须用 It作形式主语，构成It is hoped that...的固定句型，因此排除 B、D选项；astronauts（宇航员）和send（送往）是被动关系，即“宇航员被送往月球”；同时in the near future提示用将来时，因此要用一般将来时被动结构will be sent，排除A选项。 8．It is necessary ________ we practice expressing thanks every single day. A．what B．that C．if D．whether 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们有必要每天练习表达感谢。 what什么；that无实义；if如果/是否；whether是否。固定句型“It is+adj.+that+从句”，It作形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句，从句结构完整且表示确定事实。故选B。 二、完成句子 1．阿米莉亚・埃尔哈特敢于追逐飞行梦想，十分勇敢。 It was brave of Amelia Earhart ________ ________ for her dream of flying. 【答案】 to fight 【详解】原句中的“追逐”是关键词，对应的英文表达是fight for，“It was + adj. + of sb. + to do sth.”为固定句型，这里要填动词不定式，故填to；fight。 2．驾机飞越大西洋对女性来说在当年十分艰难。 It was difficult for women ________ ________ flights across the Atlantic Ocean back then. 【答案】 to make 【详解】原句中“驾机飞越大西洋”是关键词，对应英文动词短语make flights across the Atlantic Ocean；本句为“It was difficult for women to do sth.”结构，不定式作真正主语，故填to；make。 3．在初中，制定好的计划是重要的。 It ________ ________ ________ make good plans at junior high school. 【答案】 is important to 【详解】原句中“是重要的”是关键词，“重要的”对应的英文为important，固定句型It is + adj. + to do sth.意为“做某事是……”，it作形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式，故填is important to。 4．我花费了几个月的时间去学习如何画好一匹马。 It ________ me months ________ learn how to ________ a horse ________. 【答案】 took to draw well 【详解】原句中“花费了几个月的时间……画好”是关键词，表示“做某事花费某人多长时间”的英文句型是“It takes sb+时间+to do”。本句描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，“take”的过去式为“took”。表示“画”的英文为“draw”，位于“how to”后，用动词原形。表示“好”的英文为“well”，作副词修饰“draw”。故填took；to；draw；well。 5．袁隆平培育新型水稻、缓解饥饿，他真了不起。 It was great of Yuan Longping ________ ________ a new kind of rice and ________ hunger. 【答案】 to develop reduce 【详解】原句中的“培育、缓解”是关键词，固定句型It was great of sb. to do sth.表示“某人做某事真了不起”；“培育”用develop，and并列第二个不定式，to可省略，“缓解”用reduce。 6．过去人们要花半天时间到达大城市。 It ________ people half a day ________ ________ to big cities in the past. 【答案】 took to get 【详解】第一空关键词是“花”，后两空关键词是“到达”，此处是句型“It takes sb. some time to do sth.”表示“某人花费多少时间做某事”。其中it是形式主语，真正主语是后面的to do sth.。由“in the past”可知用一般过去时，因此第一空填took。get“到达”，因此后两空填to get。 7．对青少年来说区分需要和想要是很重要的。 (汉语提示) It is important for teenagers ________ ________ needs from wants. 【答案】 to tell 【详解】原句中“区分”是关键词，表示“区分”的动词是tell，固定短语tell…from…表示“区分……和……”；此处为固定句型It is+adj.+for sb. to do sth.，to为不定式符号，其后接动词原形，构成动词不定式，to tell在句中作真正主语。 三、翻译 1．It’s good for family members to talk with one another. ________________________________ 【答案】家庭成员之间互相交谈是有益的。 【详解】“It’s good for family members to talk with one another.”译为“家庭成员之间互相交谈是有益的”。“It”为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式“to talk with one another”；“It’s good for…to do…”是固定句型，译为“对……来说做某事是有益的”；“family members”译为“家庭成员”；“talk with”译为“和……交谈”；“one another”译为“互相”。 2．对朋友来说，没有必要完全一模一样。（It’s not necessary for…to…）(汉译英) ________________________________________________ 【答案】It’s not necessary for friends to be exactly the same. 【详解】“对朋友来说，没有必要完全一模一样”译为“It’s not necessary for friends to be exactly the same”。题干提示句型“It’s not necessary for…to…”，“对朋友来说”表达为 for friends，“完全一模一样”表达为be exactly the same。句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，不定式符号to后接动词原形be。 3．为了保持健康，我们在A和B之间做出选择很重要。 _____________________________________________________________ 【答案】To keep healthy, it’s important for us to make a choice between A and B. 【详解】“为了保持健康，我们在A和B之间做出选择很重要。”译为“To keep healthy, it’s important for us to make a choice between A and B.”。本句描述的是客观事实或普遍看法，因此使用一般现在时。“为了保持健康”译为“To keep healthy”，动词不定式作目的状语；主句采用“It is + adj. + for sb. + to do sth.”句型，其中“It”作形式主语；“是”译为“is”，系动词用单数形式；“重要的”important作表语；“对我们来说”for us引出逻辑主语；真正的主语是后面的不定式短语“to make a choice between A and B”，其中make a choice意为“做出选择”，between A and B表示选择的范围。 4．这家机构倒闭之后，他们很难保持联系。(shut down; keep in touch) __________________________________________________ 【答案】After this organisation shut down, it was hard for them to keep in touch. 【详解】“这家机构倒闭之后，他们很难保持联系。”译为“After this organisation shut down, it was hard for them to keep in touch.”。“这家机构倒闭之后”用“After this organisation shut down”表示，After引导时间状语从句，this organisation作从句主语，shut down作从句谓语；“他们很难保持联系”用“it was hard for them to keep in touch”表示，it作形式主语，was是系动词，hard作表语，for them作状语，to keep in touch作真正的主语。 5．在开始运动之前做热身运动是非常重要的。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It is very important to warm up before starting sports. 【详解】“在开始运动之前做热身运动是非常重要的。”译为It is very important to warm up before starting sports.本句使用It作形式主语的句型It is+adj+to do；“非常重要的”译为very important，作句子表语；“做热身运动”译为to warm up，是真正主语；“在开始运动之前”译为before starting sports，before是介词，后接动名词作宾语，构成介词短语作时间状语。 6．在比赛开始前做热身运动是非常重要的。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It is very important to do warm-up exercises before the game starts. 【详解】“在比赛开始前做热身运动是非常重要的。”译为It is very important to do warm‑up exercises before the game starts。本句使用It is +形容词+to do sth.句型，It作形式主语，真正主语是后面的不定式；“do warm‑up exercises”表示“做热身运动”；“before the game starts”是时间状语从句，表示“在比赛开始前”。 7．不要因恃强凌弱之人而沮丧，这非常重要。 ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It is very important not to get upset by bullies. 【详解】“不要因恃强凌弱之人而沮丧，这非常重要”译为“It is very important not to get upset by bullies.”。其中“不要因……而沮丧”用“not to get upset by...”作不定式短语作真正主语；“恃强凌弱之人”译为“bullies”，泛指欺凌者；句子时态为一般现在时，“这非常重要”用“It is very important+不定式”结构，其中“It”作形式主语，不定式短语作真正主语。 8．I believe that it is normal to feel nervous before exams. _________________________________________________________ 【答案】我认为考试前感到紧张是正常的。 【详解】“I believe that it is normal to feel nervous before exams.”译为“我认为考试前感到紧张是正常的。”。句子表达个人看法，使用“主谓+that引导的宾语从句”结构，宾语从句内部套用“It is+形容词+to do”结构，其中It为形式主语，真正主语为动词不定式短语。I“我”，作主句主语；believe“认为”，作主句谓语；that it is normal to feel nervous before exams“考试前感到紧张是正常的”，为that引导的宾语从句，作believe的宾语；从句中It为形式主语；is“是”，为系动词；normal“正常的”，为形容词作表语；to feel nervous before exams“考试前感到紧张”，为动词不定式短语作真正的主语。 语篇拔高练 一、短文填空 Passage A During the Warring States Period (战国时期), many states made changes to become stronger. One of the most 1 (success) changes was created by Shang Yang in Qin. Shang Yang worked out a set of 2 (plan). At first, these plans were not easily 3 (accept) by people because they didn’t believe in him. To solve this problem, Shang Yang came 4 with an idea. He ordered his men to put a thin wooden pole (杆) at the south gate. Then he said anyone who took the pole to the north gate would 5 (receive) 10 gold pieces. The task was so easy 6 nobody believed it was true. They all thought Shang Yang was joking. After seeing that, Shang Yang said he would offer 50 gold pieces to anyone who did it. And 7 (final), a man wanted to have a try. He put the pole on his shoulder and walked to the north gate. 8 his surprise, Shang Yang paid him 50 gold pieces. The news spread across the capital. Soon, people were saying Shang Yang was a man of 9 (he) word. Then people 10 (follow) him without question. With his efforts, Qin 11 (become) the strongest of all the states. 【答案】 1．successful 2．plans 3．accepted 4．up 5．receive 6．that 7．finally 8．To 9．his 10．followed 11．became 【导语】本文讲述了战国时期商鞅通过“徙木立信”的故事赢得百姓信任，最终帮助秦国成为最强诸侯国的历史事件。 【详解】 1．句意：其中最成功的变革之一是秦国的商鞅发起的。空格后为名词changes，需要形容词作定语修饰名词；success是名词，形容词形式为successful，意为“成功的”。one of +the most+形容词+复数名词，表示“最……之一”，故填successful。 2．句意：商鞅制定出一套计划。a set of表示“一套”，后面接可数名词复数；此处plan是名词，意为“计划”，复数形式是plans，故填plans。 3．句意：起初，这些计划不容易被人们接受，因为人们不信任他。本句为一般过去时的被动语态，结构为were+过去分词；accept的过去分词是accepted，be accepted表示“被接受”，故填accepted。 4．句意：为了解决这个问题，商鞅想出一个主意。固定短语come up with表示“想出”，故填up。 5．句意：然后他说，任何把这根木杆搬到北门的人，将会得到十块金子。情态动词would后面接动词原形，receive是动词，意为“得到”，故填receive。 6．句意：这件任务如此简单，以至于没有人相信这是真的。根据固定句型so…that…，意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句，故填that。 7．句意：最后，有一个人想要试一试。此处作句子的状语，需要副词；final是形容词，副词形式为finally意为“最后”，故填finally。 8．句意：令他惊讶的是，商鞅付给了他五十块金子。根据固定短语to one’s surprise，意为“令某人惊讶的是”，句首首字母大写，故填To。 9．句意：很快，人们都说商鞅是一个信守承诺的人。固定搭配a man of one’s word，表示“信守诺言的人”；此处需要形容词性物主代词，he的物主代词为his，故填his。 10．句意：于是人们毫无疑虑地追随他。全文讲述过去发生的历史故事，使用一般过去时；follow是动词，意为“追随”，过去式是followed，故填followed。 11．句意：在他的努力之下，秦国成为所有诸侯国当中实力最强的国家。故事发生在过去，用一般过去时；become是动词，意为“成为”，过去式是became，故填became。 Passage B 阅读下面短文，根据上下文或括号内单词等提示，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式。 Zhang Qian was one of the bravest pioneers in Chinese history. He lived during the Han Dynasty, when China 1 (hope) to build friendship with the west. In 138 BC, Emperor Wu sent him to the Western 2 (region) to find the Yuezhi people. The journey was full of danger, so it was necessary 3 him to be extremely brave. Unfortunately, he 4 (catch) by the enemy and held for over ten years. Even so, it was truly brave 5 him to keep moving forward. Years later, he got a chance to run away and 6 (success) in finding the Yuezhi people. His travels brought back 7 (value) information about the Western Regions. Later, the road he opened 8 (gradual) became the famous Silk Road. Small seeds of friendship 9 (plant) between the East and the West ever since. Today, many students look 10 to him, because his story, like a tiny seed, still grows in their hearts. It is necessary for all of us to remember the past and find ways to do more for a better future. 【答案】 1．hoped 2．regions 3．for 4．was caught 5．of 6．succeeded 7．valuable 8．gradually 9．have been planted 10．up 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了中国历史上勇敢的先驱张骞受汉武帝派遣出使西域，途中历经磨难仍勇往直前，他的出行带回西域重要信息，打通丝绸之路，播下东西方友谊种子，后人敬仰铭记他的故事。 【详解】 1．句意：他生活在汉朝，那时中国希望与西方建立友谊。整篇文章讲述过去的史实，句子使用一般过去时，hope的过去式为hoped。 2．句意：公元前138年，汉武帝派他前往西域去寻找月氏人。region表示地区，西域包含多个地域，此处使用复数形式regions。 3．句意：旅途充满危险，所以对他来说必须无比勇敢。固定句型“it was+形容词+for sb. to do sth.”，表示“对某人来说做某事是……的”。此处用介词for。 4．句意：不幸的是，他被敌人抓获，关押了十多年。主语he和动词catch是被动关系，讲述过去发生的事，使用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为was/were+动词的过去分词，catch的过去分词是caught。 5．句意：即便如此，他能够一直向前真的很勇敢。固定句型it was+形容词+for/of sb. to do sth.，当形容词用来描述人的品质性格时，用介词of；当形容词用来描述事物性质时，用介词for。此处是形容词用来描述人的品质性格，用介词of。 6．句意：多年以后，他寻得机会逃走，成功找到了月氏人。and连接并列谓语，时态为一般过去时，success的动词过去式为succeeded。 7．句意：他的游历带回了关于西域的宝贵信息。此处需要形容词修饰名词information，value的形容词形式valuable。 8．句意：后来，他开辟的道路逐渐成为著名的丝绸之路。此处需要副词修饰动词became，gradual的副词形式为gradually。 9．句意：自那以后，友谊的小小种子便播种在东西方之间。ever since是现在完成时的标志，主语seeds和plant为被动关系，使用现在完成时的被动语态，结构为“have/has+been+动词过去分词”，plant的过去分词为planted。 10．句意：如今很多学生敬仰他，因为他的故事，如同一颗微小的种子，依旧在他们心中生长。固定搭配look up to sb.意为“敬仰、钦佩某人”。 Passage C 请根据短文内容及首字母提示写出所缺单词，使短文意思完整，每空一词。 Like William Shakespeare, poet Du Fu has the same i 1 to Chinese literary tradition. To introduce the charm and beauty of traditional Chinese literature to viewers around the world, a BBC documentary (纪录片) invited a famous British actor to read 15 of Du’s poems that have been translated into English. The documentary describes the poet’s life e 2 in detail. Born in 712, Du lived under the reign (统治) of the Tang Emperor Xuanzong (713-756) ,a time marked by richness and cultural achievements. H 3 , as the An Lushan Rebellion of 755 floored the empire, Du suffered (受苦) a lot. Through ups and downs, the poet never stopped w 4 and about 1,500 poems have been kept over the ages. In these poems, he poured out his w 5 about his country and people and the celebration of the simple joys of life. Chinese people really value the recording of history and Du is best at recording history in his poetry. That’s b 6 historical events are mirrored (反映) in his own life and spiritual journey. Though he never had a high p 7 in the government, Du cared about common people. That’s why he was p 8 as a Poet-Sage (诗圣) by later generations. A difficult life and his spirit of caring about the world helped him e 9 so many works. Du is a cultural symbol of ancient China, but his works and spirits have also encouraged people outside China. As the documentary noted, his work represents a v 10 cultural heritage (遗产) for the whole world, not just China. 【答案】 1．importance/mportance 2．experiences/xperiences 3．However/owever 4．writing/riting 5．worries/orries 6．because/ecause 7．position/osition 8．praised/raised 9．express/xpress 10．valuable/aluable 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国古代伟大诗人杜甫及其在文学史上的地位，以及BBC拍摄的一部关于他的纪录片，向世界展示了杜甫作为世界文化遗产的价值。 【详解】 1．句意：像威廉·莎士比亚一样，诗人杜甫对中国文学传统有着同样的重要性。分析句子结构和语境可知，此处表示“对……有同样的重要性”，固定搭配为have the same importance to...，首字母i提示importance。 2．句意：这部纪录片详细描述了这位诗人的生活经历。分析语境可知，后文讲述了杜甫的出生和经历安史之乱等生平事迹，此处应填“经历”，life experiences意为“生活经历”，首字母e提示experiences。 3．句意：然而，随着755年安史之乱击垮了帝国，杜甫受了很多苦。分析语境可知，前文提到唐玄宗统治时期是富裕和文化成就显著的时期，后文提到安史之乱让杜甫受苦，前后构成转折关系，且位于句首并用逗号隔开，故填However。 4．句意：经历了起起落落，这位诗人从未停止写诗，大约1500首诗歌被保存至今。分析句子结构可知，stop doing sth.意为“停止做某事”，结合后文“大约1500首诗歌被保存至今”可知，他从未停止写诗，首字母w提示writing。 5．句意：在这些诗中，他倾诉了对国家和人民的担忧以及对生活中简单快乐的赞美。分析语境可知，杜甫是一位忧国忧民的诗人，此处表示“担忧”，pour out one’s worries意为“倾诉某人的担忧”，首字母w提示worries。 6．句意：那是因为历史事件反映在他自己的生活和精神旅程中。分析句子结构可知，此处引导表语从句，解释前文“杜甫最擅长在诗歌中记录历史”的原因，That’s because...意为“那是因为……”，首字母b提示because。 7．句意：虽然他从未在政府中拥有很高的职位，但杜甫关心普通百姓。分析语境可知，此处表示在政府中的“职位”或“地位”，have a high position意为“拥有很高的职位”，首字母p提示position。 8．句意：这就是为什么他被后人尊称为“诗圣”。分析句子结构可知，主语he与动词praise之间是被动关系，此处使用一般过去时的被动语态（was/were + 过去分词），be praised as意为“被赞誉为/被尊称为”，首字母p提示praised。 9．句意：艰难的生活和关心世界的精神帮助他表达了这么多作品。分析句子结构可知，help sb. (to) do sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”，此处需要填入一个动词原形，结合语境和首字母e提示，艰难的生活和精神帮助他“表达”了这些作品，故填express。 10．考查形容词。句意：正如纪录片所指出的，他的作品代表了全世界而不仅仅是中国的宝贵文化遗产。分析句子结构可知，此处需要一个形容词来修饰名词短语cultural heritage，结合首字母v提示，valuable意为“宝贵的，有价值的”，故填valuable。 Passage D 阅读下面短文，根据上下文或括号内单词等提示，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式。 Last week, our class talked about the people we admire most. Yaming’s hero is I. M. Pei, a great architect. Yaming 1 (read) several books about him so far. “It was creative 2 him to design the glass pyramid at the Louvre Museum,” he said. The Suzhou Museum is another of his wonderful works, and in it Pei created a beautiful balance between the East and the West. Chen Jie chose Wang Yaping, China’s first woman to walk in space. She is a person full of courage and 3 (wise). Her live class from space was special. Millions of students 58 (watch) it on TV in 2021, and the class made science 4 (interest) for young people. Chen Jie says her story is truly 5 (inspire). Adam’s hero is not a famous person. He looks up to his father, and says his father is 6 truly great man. “It’s very nice of him to support my exchange study here,” Adam says. His father’s words keep 7 (support) his dream, and he always tells Adam that big 8 (dream) can come true. It is important to learn 9 these heroes. As our teacher said, the people we admire shape the people we will become. 【答案】 1．has read 2．of 3．wisdom 4．watched 5．interesting 6．inspiring 7．a 8．supporting 9．dreams 10．from 【导语】本文主要介绍班上几位同学最敬佩的人，点明敬佩的人都能激励我们、塑造我们的品格和人生方向这一主旨。 【详解】 1．句意：Yaming已经读过好几本关于他的书。“so far”提示时态是现在完成时，主语是第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has read。 2．句意：“他在卢浮宫博物馆设计玻璃金字塔，这真是富有创意，”他说。固定句型“It’s + 形容词 + of sb. to do sth.”用于描述某人的品性特质，此处creative是形容人的特质，故填of。 3．句意：她是一个充满勇气和智慧的人。连词and前后词性需一致，and前是名词courage，此处要将形容词wise变为名词wisdom，意为“智慧”。 4．句意：2021年，数百万学生通过电视观看了它，这堂课让科学对年轻人来说变得有趣。由时间状语in 2021可知，句子是一般过去时，故填watch的过去式watched。 5．句意：2021年，数百万学生通过电视观看了它，这堂课让科学对年轻人来说变得有趣。 固定结构“make sth. + 形容词”表示“使某物处于某种状态”，此处指这堂课让科学对年轻人来说变得有趣，故填interesting。 6．句意：陈洁说她的故事确实令人深受鼓舞。此处作表语修饰事物story，需将动词inspire变为形容词inspiring，意为“鼓舞人心的”。 7．句意：他抬头看着父亲，说父亲是一位真正了不起的人。此处泛指“一位真正伟大的人”，truly以辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词a。 8．句意：他父亲的话一直支持着他的梦想，他总是告诉亚当，伟大的梦想终将实现。 固定用法keep doing sth. 表示“持续做某事”，故填support的动名词形式supporting。 9．句意：他父亲的话一直支持着他的梦想，他总是告诉亚当，伟大的梦想终将实现。此处表示泛指多个梦想，要用可数名词dream的复数形式dreams。 10．句意：向这些英雄学习非常重要。固定搭配learn from sb. 表示“向某人学习”，故填from。 二、选词填空 Passage A 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 advise  deep  discover  far  great  influence  mention  nation  pioneer  proud When we talk about physicists in the world, Yang Zhenning is one of the 1 ones. He was born in Hefei, Anhui, in 1922. He is known as one of the most famous 2 in physics, which means he was one of the first to explore new areas in science. After finishing university in China, he went to the United States for 3 study. There, he worked with his friend, Li Zhengdao. They found out that an old scientific rule was not always true. This was a very important discovery. Because of it, they won the Nobel Prize in 1957. This made people all over China feel very 4 . Yang’s other achievement was the Yang-Mills theory. He made it with another scientist, Robert Mills. This theory became a key part of modern physics. Many new 5 were made by using their ideas. Even when he was old, Yang’s work still had a great 6 . He went back to China and helped with the development of science in his country. He did this by giving speeches and 7 universities. He also always inspired young scientists. With his great contributions to both science and education, he is considered a 8 hero and a wise man. Usually, the teachers often 9 his stories to encourage students. In October, 2025, this great old man passed away, at the age of 103. His thinking 10 influenced our understanding of the universe, and he will always be remembered as a great scientist who helped us understand the secrets of nature. 【答案】 1．greatest 2．pioneers 3．further 4．proud 5．discoveries 6．influence 7．advising 8．national 9．mention 10．deeply 【导语】本文介绍了著名物理学家杨振宁的生平经历、核心学术成就、他对中国科教事业的贡献以及他在科学界的深远影响，表达了对这位伟大科学家的缅怀与敬意。 【详解】 1．句意：当我们谈论世界物理学家时，杨振宁是其中最伟大的人物之一。此处使用结构one of the +形容词最高级+复数名词/ones，意为“最……的……之一”，且根据“…physicists in the world, Yang Zhenning”可知此处描述杨振宁是最伟大的物理学家之一，故填great的最高级greatest。 2．句意：他是最负盛名的物理学先驱之一，这意味着他是最早探索科学新领域的研究者之一。根据后文“one of the first to explore”可知指“先驱”，且此处使用结构one of the +形容词最高级+复数名词，意为“最……的……之一”，故填pioneer的复数形式pioneers。 3．句意：在国内完成大学学业后，他前往美国深造。根据“After finishing university in China”可知此处表示深造，使用短语further study，故填入far表示程度加深时的比较级形式further。 4．句意：这让全中国人民感到非常自豪。根据“won the Nobel Prize in 1957”可知此处表示人们感到自豪，系动词“feel”后接形容词作表语，故填proud。 5．句意：诸多新发现都是依托他们的理论成果完成的。根据“a key part of modern physics”可知此处表示新发现，“Many”后接可数名词复数，故填discover对应的名词复数形式discoveries。 6．句意：即便到了晚年，杨振宁的工作依旧有着巨大影响力。此处使用短语have a great influence，意为“有很大影响”，故“a great ”后接名词单数influence。 7．句意：他通过发表演讲和为大学提供建议来做这件事。此处搭配宾语“universities”，此处“by”后接两个并列的动名词结构，和“giving speeches”并列，故填advise的动名词形式 advising。 8．句意：因为在科学和教育领域的突出贡献，他被公认为民族英雄与智者。此处修饰名词“hero”需用形容词，nation的形容词形式为national。 9．句意：老师们也常常提及他的事迹来鼓励学生。根据“to encourage students”可知此处表示老师提及他的故事，主语“teachers”为复数，“often”提示使用一般现在时，故填动词原形mention。 10．句意：他的思想深刻影响了我们对宇宙的认知，作为帮助人类探索自然奥秘的杰出科学家，他将永远被人们铭记。根据“always be remembered as a great scientist”可知此处表示深刻影响，且修饰动词“influenced”，故填deep的副词形式deeply。 Passage B 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。(每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单词。) write, she, admirable, near, century, literature, return, listen, hard, music Cai Wenji was a famous Chinese poet in ancient China. She lived 1 2,000 years ago during the Eastern Han Dynasty. She was born into a well-educated family. She showed great talent for music and 2 at a very young age. Her life was difficult. Because of a war, she had to leave her home for a faraway place. After that, she experienced the 3 twelve years of her life. She lived with strangers, missing her family and homeland every day. It was after this period of sadness that she 4 . Poem of Sorrow and Anger, one of her most famous works. This powerful poem described her hard journey and strong wish to go home. Besides a poet, Cai Wenji was also a wonderful 5 . Here is a famous story. When she was young, she could tell which string (弦) on her father’s guqin had broken just by 6 to his playing. This story shows 7 excellent skill. Cai Wenji finally had the chance to 8 to her home. She expressed her feelings bravely through her poetry and music although she faced many challenges. She was 9 not only because of her artistic talent but also her strong and resilient (坚韧的) spirit. Today, even though 10 have passed, people still admire her works a lot. She remains a shining example of courage and culture in Chinese history. 【答案】 1．nearly 2．literature 3．hardest 4．wrote 5．musician 6．listening 7．her 8．return 9．admirable 10．centuries 【导语】本文介绍中国古代著名诗人蔡文姬的生平经历，讲述她坎坷的人生与出众的艺术才华。 【详解】 1．句意：她生活在大约2000年前的东汉时期。此处需要副词修饰数词2,000，表示大约，nearly意为“大约，将近”，符合语境。方框内其余词汇无法作副词表达该含义。 2．句意：她在很小的时候就在音乐和文学方面展现出极高天赋。and连接并列名词，literature意为“文学”，符合语境。方框剩余词汇语义不匹配。 3．句意：在那之后，她经历了人生最艰难的十二年。名词twelve years前需要形容词最高级修饰，hard的最高级形式hardest意为“最艰难的”，符合语境。其余单词无法构成最高级表达该语义。 4．句意：正是在这段悲伤时期之后，她写下名篇《悲愤诗》。句子缺少谓语动词，文章整体为一般过去时，write的过去式wrote意为“写作”，符合语境。剩余词汇时态、词义不满足。 5．句意：除诗人以外，蔡文姬也是一名杰出的音乐家。不定冠词a后接单数名词，music对应的名词musician意为“音乐家”，符合语境。其他单词变形后语义不符。 6．句意：她仅凭聆听父亲弹琴，就能判断哪根琴弦断裂。介词by后面需要动名词形式，listen的动名词listening意为“听”，符合语境。剩余单词形式、含义不合适。 7．句意：这个故事展现出她出色的技艺。名词skill前面需要形容词性物主代词，she对应的物主代词her意为“她的”，符合语境。其余词汇不能修饰名词。 8．句意：蔡文姬最终拥有回到家乡的机会。固定搭配have the chance to do sth.，to后使用动词原形，return意为“返回”，符合语境。剩下单词不满足固定结构。 9．句意：人们敬佩她，不仅因为艺术天赋，还因为坚韧顽强的精神。was后面需要形容词作表语，admirable意为“令人敬佩的”，符合语境。其余单词变形后语义不通。 10．句意：时至今日，即使数个世纪已经过去，人们依旧十分喜爱她的作品。even though后缺少主语，have passed说明主语为复数名词，century的复数形式centuries意为“世纪”，符合语境。剩余词汇无法变复数匹配句子结构。 Passage C 从下面方框中选出10个单词，将其正确形式填入短文，使短文意思正确通顺 (每词限用一次)。 award  balance  courage  create  disease  explore  pioneer  protect  science  she  spread  whole Have you ever heard of Rachel Carson? She was one of the 1 of the world’s environmental movement through her writing on protecting the natural world. Her book Silent Spring made her well known to many people. It describes how using toxic chemicals (有毒的化学物质) on farmland breaks the natural 2 and causes harmful changes in the environment. Carson’s deep connection to nature began with her childhood 3 of the woods and rivers near her home in Pennsylvania. This interest led her to study biology, which gave her the 4 knowledge she would later use in her writing. In 1951, her first book, The Sea Around Us, came out and became a bestseller. It made her rich enough to leave her job and devote (投身于) 5 to writing. She was a gifted writer. Her next two books were also about the oceans, and both topped the book sales lists. Carson’s book Silent Spring completely changed the way Americans thought about nature. It painted a bleak (荒凉的) future for the 6 natural world. It led to a nationwide ban (禁止) on the use of a deadly chemical called DDT that farmers used for their plants. Many people say the book also led to the 7 of America’s Environmental Protection Agency. Since her death, Carson’s name has continued to stand for protecting the environment, and her influence 8 far and wide. There is now a yearly Rachel Carson Book Prize. Norway awards the Rachel Carson Prize to women who have done great work in the field of environmental 9 . In 1980, 16 years after her death, the US government 10 her the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian (平民的) honor in America. 【答案】 1．pioneers 2．balance 3．exploration 4．scientific 5．herself 6．whole 7．creation 8．has spread 9．protection 10．awarded 【导语】本文介绍了蕾切尔·卡森，她是世界环保运动先驱之一，凭借著作《寂静的春天》改变了人们对自然的看法，推动环保事业发展，身后也收获诸多荣誉。 【详解】 1．句意：通过撰写保护自然界的相关作品，她成为世界环保运动的先驱之一。结合“the world’s environmental movement through her writing on protecting the natural world”可知是成为世界环保运动的先驱之一，根据“one of the + 复数名词”固定结构，表示“……之一”；备选词“pioneer”意为“先驱”，复数形式“pioneers”符合语法和句意，故填pioneers。 2．句意：书中描述了在农田使用有毒化学物质如何打破自然平衡，并对环境造成有害改变。根据“breaks the natural…”，natural为形容词后接名词；备选词“balance”意为“平衡”，“natural balance”表示“自然平衡”，故填balance。 3．句意：卡森与自然的深厚渊源始于童年时期，她对宾夕法尼亚家附近森林与河流的探索。根据“childhood”是名词作定语，后面需要名词；备选词“explore”意为“探索”，名词形式“exploration”表示“探索”，符合“童年探索”语境，故填exploration。 4．句意：这份兴趣促使她学习生物学，这为她日后写作提供了科学方面的知识。根据后面名词“knowledge”，需要形容词修饰名词；备选词“science”意为“科学”，形容词形式“scientific”表示“科学的”，“scientific knowledge”意为“科学知识”，故填scientific。 5．句意：这本书让她足够富有，可以辞去工作，全身心投入写作。根据固定搭配“devote oneself to…”意为“投身于……”；备选词“she”意为“她”，反身代词“herself”，符合搭配，故填herself。 6．句意：它为整个自然界描绘出一个荒凉的未来。根据后面“natural world”名词短语，需要形容词修饰；备选词“whole”意为“整个的，全部的”，“the whole natural world”表示“整个自然界”，故填whole。 7．句意：很多人说这本书也促成了美国环境保护署的创立。结合“America’s Environmental Protection Agency”可知是指美国环境保护署的创立，根据定冠词the后面接名词；备选词“create”意为“创造，创建”，名词形式“creation”表示“创立，创建”，符合语境，故填creation。 8．句意：在她去世之后，卡森的名字一直象征着环境保护，她的影响力已经广为传播。根据“her influence”可知是指她的影响力已经广为传播，结合前半句“has continued”，本句时态为现在完成时，结构have/has+过去分词；主语“her influence”是单数；备选词“spread”意为“传播”，过去分词为spread，故填has spread。 9．句意：挪威为在环境保护领域做出杰出贡献的女性颁发蕾切尔·卡森奖。根据“environmental”形容词后接名词；备选词“protect”意为“保护”，名词形式“protection”，“environmental protection”意为“环境保护”，故填protection。 10．句意：1980年，在她去世16年后，美国政府授予她总统自由勋章——美国平民的最高荣誉。结合“the Presidential Medal of Freedom”可知是授予她总统自由勋章，根据时间“In 1980”可知句子为一般过去时，空格作谓语，要用动词过去式；备选词“award”意为“授予”，过去式“awarded”，故填awarded。 Passage D 用方框中所给单词的适当形式完成短文      die, worried, away, with, writer, pass, and, deep, they, plant Liu Zongyuan was one of The Eight Great Prose Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties. When he worked in Liuzhou, he helped 1 the development of Liuzhou. He encouraged local people to 2 orange trees, willows (柳树) and bamboo. These actions left a 3 influence on Liuzhou. There is a story between Liu Zongyuan and his friend Liu Yuxi. In 793, both Liu Zongyuan and Liu Yuxi 4 the exam and became officials. They wanted to help the country through the Yongzhen Reform (改革). But the reform failed, 5 they were sent to faraway places. Liu Zongyuan went to Yongzhou, and Liu Yuxi went to Langzhou. They wrote letters to support each other. Later, Liu Yuxi’s poems made some powerful people angry. So, they were sent 6 again. This time, Liu Zongyuan was sent to Liuzhou, and Liu Yuxi to Bozhou. Liu Zongyuan was 7 about Liu Yuxi’s old mother, so he asked to take his place. Thanks to others’ help, Liu Yuxi went to a better place. Both were great 8 . Liu Zongyuan wrote The Snake Catcher’s Tale. Liu Yuxi created Ode to Autumn. These works showed 9 deep feelings about life and society. Liu Zongyuan 10 in Liuzhou at 47. Liu Yuxi missed him a lot. Even when he was old, he visited Liu Zongyuan’s tomb (坟墓). Their friendship became a beautiful story in Chinese history. 【答案】 1．with 2．plant 3．deep 4．passed 5．and 6．away 7．worried 8．writers 9．their 10．died 【导语】本文讲述了唐宋八大家之一的柳宗元在柳州造福当地百姓，还介绍了他与刘禹锡之间患难与共的珍贵友谊，记述二人的人生经历与文学成就。 【详解】 1．句意：当他在柳州任职时，他助力柳州的发展。根据原句“When he worked in Liuzhou, he helped … the development of Liuzhou.”，备选词with，固定搭配help with意为“在……方面给予帮助”，语境为助力城市发展，故填with。 2．句意：他鼓励当地百姓种植橘子树、柳树和竹子。根据原句“He encouraged local people to … orange trees, willows and bamboo.”，句中出现各类树木，方框内plant意为“种植”与之匹配；固定搭配encourage sb. to do sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”，to后接动词原形，故填plant。 3．句意：这些举措对柳州留下了深远的影响。根据原句“These actions left a … influence on Liuzhou.”，备选词deep意为“深刻的，深远的”，用来修饰名词influence，构成固定搭配leave a deep influence on意为“对……留下深远影响”，故填deep。 4．句意：公元793年，柳宗元和刘禹锡二人通过考试，成为官员。根据原句“In 793, both Liu Zongyuan and Liu Yuxi … the exam and became officials.”，时间In 793为过去时间，方框内pass意为“通过”，pass the exam意为“通过考试”，时态为一般过去时，变形为passed，故填passed。 5．句意：但是改革失败了，于是他们被发配到遥远的地方。根据原句“But the reform failed, … they were sent to faraway places.”，前后两个分句是顺承结果关系，方框内and意为“于是，并且”，用来连接两个并列分句，故填and。 6．句意：所以，他们再一次被流放。根据原句“So, they were sent … again.”，备选词away，固定搭配send away意为“赶走、流放”，本句为被动语态be sent away，故填away。 7．句意：柳宗元担心刘禹锡年迈的母亲，所以他请求代替刘禹锡前去。根据原句“Liu Zongyuan was … about Liu Yuxi’s old mother”，备选词worried，固定搭配be worried about意为“担心……”，符合人物担忧他人母亲的语境，故填worried。 8．句意：两个人都是伟大的作家。根据原句“Both were great ….”，后文介绍二人都创作文学作品，方框内writer意为“作家”，both表示两者都，后面需要使用名词复数形式，变形为writers，故填writers。 9．句意：这些作品展现出他们对于生活与社会深切的情感。根据原句“These works showed … deep feelings about life and society.”，空格修饰名词deep feelings，指代两位文人的，备选词they意为“他们”，要变为形容词性物主代词their意为“他们的”，故填their。 10．句意：柳宗元47岁在柳州去世。根据原句“Liu Zongyuan … in Liuzhou at 47.”，结合历史背景，方框内die意为“死亡”，故事叙述过去发生的事，使用一般过去时，变形为died，故填died。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Inspiring People重点语法 考点一：it 作形式主语（主语为不定式） 一、知识精讲 1. 概述 当句子的真正主语是不定式短语（to do sth.）时，为避免句子“头重脚轻”，用 it 放在句首充当形式主语，将真正的主语（不定式）后置，使句子结构平衡。 2. 基本句型 It + be + 形容词 + (for/of sb.) + to do sth. 3. 核心区分：for sb. 与 of sb. 结构 用法 形容词特征 逻辑主语 It is + adj. + of sb. + to do sth. 形容词描述人的品质/性格 great, kind, nice, brave, wise, stupid, creative, clever, foolish, generous, selfish, polite, rude 是“人”（sb.）具备这些品质 It is + adj. + for sb. + to do sth. 形容词描述事物的性质/难易程度 difficult, easy, important, necessary, impossible, possible, hard, dangerous, safe, useful, useless, boring, exciting 是“做某事”（to do sth.）具有这些性质 记忆口诀： · of sb. —— 人品好（夸人或骂人） · for sb. —— 事情难（描述事情本身） 教材原句： · It was great of him to develop a new kind of rice and help reduce hunger. 他研发出新型水稻并帮助减少饥饿，这太棒了。（of，描述“他”很棒） · It was very creative of him to design it. 他设计这个真是太有创造力了。（of，描述“他”有创造力） · It's really very nice of him to support and encourage my exchange study here. 他支持并鼓励我在这里进行交换学习，这真的非常好。（of，描述“他”人好） · It was wise of Confucius to say that we should treat our elders with respect. 孔子说我们应该尊敬长辈，这是明智的。（of，描述“孔子”明智） · It was difficult for women to do that kind of work back in those days. 在那个年代，女性做那种工作很困难。（for，描述“做那种工作”很困难） · It is necessary for us to listen to our teacher's advice. 听老师的劝告对我们来说很有必要。（for，描述“听老师劝告”有必要） · It seemed impossible for him to finish his task or to return home. 对他来说，完成任务或回家似乎都不可能。（for，描述“完成任务/回家”似乎不可能） · It's always important to keep going in life. 在生活中坚持下去总是很重要的。（for，描述“坚持下去”很重要） 4. 句型拓展 it 作形式主语还可以接名词（如 a good idea, a pity, a fact 等）： · It is a good idea to plant more trees. 多种树是个好主意。 · It is a pity to miss the chance. 错过这个机会很遗憾。 二、即学即用 （一）用 for 或 of 填空 1. It was brave ______ him to face the danger alone. 2. It is important ______ us to learn English well. 3. It was stupid ______ him to lie to the teacher. 4. It is necessary ______ students to finish homework on time. 5. It was kind ______ you to help me with my exchange study. 6. It is impossible ______ me to finish the work in one day. 7. It was clever ______ her to solve the problem so quickly. 8. It is dangerous ______ children to play near the river. 9. It was generous ______ him to donate so much money. 10. It is essential ______ everyone to get enough sleep. （二）单项选择 1. It was great ______ Yuan Longping to develop a new kind of rice. A. for B. with C. to D. of 2. It is difficult ______ women to do that kind of work back in those days. A. for B. of C. to D. with 3. It is very nice ______ you to support my exchange study here. A. for B. of C. to D. with 4. It was wise ______ Confucius to say that we should treat elders with respect. A. for B.to C. of D. with 5. It is necessary ______ us to listen to our teacher's advice. A. for B. of C. to D. with （三）句型转换（将下列句子改为“It + be + adj. + to do”结构） 1. To learn English well is important for us. → ________________________________________________ 2. To help others is kind of her. → ________________________________________________ 3. To finish the work in two days is impossible for me. → ________________________________________________ 4. To tell lies is stupid of him. → ________________________________________________ 5. To keep a balanced diet is necessary for everyone. → ________________________________________________ （四）判断正误并改错 1. It was great for him to develop a new kind of rice. （______） 改正：________________________________________________ 2. It is difficult of women to do that work. （______） 改正：________________________________________________ 3. It was wise of Confucius to say that. （______） 改正：________________________________________________ 4. It is necessary of us to keep going. （______） 改正：________________________________________________ 5. It was creative of him to design the pyramid. （______） 改正：________________________________________________ （5） 根据中文完成句子 1. 每天阅读对我们来说很重要。 ________________________________________________ for us to read every day. 2. 你帮助我真是太善良了。 It is very kind ________________________________________________. 3. 对她来说，独自完成这个项目很困难。 It is difficult ________________________________________________. 4. 他撒那个谎真是太愚蠢了。 It was stupid ________________________________________________. 5. 对我们来说，在生活中坚持下去总是很重要的。 It's always important ________________________________________________ in life. 参考答案： 考点二：it 作形式主语（主语为 that 从句） 一、知识精讲 1. 概述 当句子的真正主语是 that 从句 时，同样用 it 作形式主语，将 that 从句后置。此时 it 位于句首，真正的主语是后面整个 that 引导的从句。 2. 基本句型 It + be + 形容词/名词 + that 从句 3. 常见句型 · It is/was + adj. + that... （……是……的） · It is said that... （据说……） · It is reported that... （据报道……） · It is believed that... （据信……） · It is well-known that... （众所周知……） · It is a fact that... （事实是……） · It is a pity that... （遗憾的是……） 教材原句： · It was amazing that he did scientific research in physics and chemistry even though he didn't receive a formal education. 尽管他没受过正规教育，却从事物理和化学研究，这太了不起了。 · It was important to him that everyone should show the same kindness and care to everyone else, whether they were family, friends, or strangers. 对他来说，重要的是每个人都应该对他人表现出同样的善意和关心，无论他们是家人、朋友还是陌生人。 · It is said that Mozi was a soldier, good at woodwork, and was the inventor of the kite. 据说墨子是一名士兵，擅长木工，并且是风筝的发明者。 4. 与强调句型的区分 it 作形式主语（主语从句） it 强调句型 结构 It + be + adj./n. + that 从句 It + be + 被强调部分 + that/who + 剩余部分 去掉 It is... that 剩余部分不完整 剩余部分是完整句子 例句 It is important that we study hard. → Important that we study hard.（不完整） It was through his efforts that he succeeded. → Through his efforts he succeeded.（完整） 二、即学即用 （一）判断正误并改错 1. It is said that Mozi was a soldier. （______） 改正：________________________________________________ 2. It is important to him that everyone show kindness. （______） 改正：________________________________________________ 3. It was amazing which he did research without education. （______） 改正：________________________________________________ 4. It that is said Mozi invented the kite. （______） 改正：________________________________________________ 5. It is a fact that Zhang Qian brought back valuable information. （______） 改正：________________________________________________ 参考答案： （二）句型转换 1. That he succeeded in finding the Yuezhi people is amazing. → ________________________________________________ 2. That Mozi was a soldier is said. → ________________________________________________ 3. That everyone should show kindness to others was important to him. → ________________________________________________ 4. That Zhang Qian was caught by the enemy is unfortunate. → ________________________________________________ 5. That he never gave up is the most important. → ________________________________________________ （三）用所给词填空（say, report, believe, well-know, fact） 1. It is __________ that Zhong Yang spent his whole life researching plants. 2. It is __________ that Zhang Qian was caught by the enemy. 3. It is a __________ that he succeeded through his hard work. 4. It is __________ that more than two million people use the railway every year. 5. It is __________ that Mozi was the inventor of the kite. （四）将下列句子译为英语 1. 据说张骞带回了关于西域的宝贵信息。 2. 众所周知，袁隆平研发了新型水稻。 3. 对他而言，每个人都心怀善意是很重要的。 4. 令人惊讶的是，他没有接受正规教育却成为了伟大的科学家。 5. 据报道，这位生物学家一生都在研究植物。 考点三：it 用于强调句型 一、知识精讲 1. 概述 强调句型用于专门强调句子的主语、宾语、状语等成分（不能强调谓语动词），通过固定结构将想要突出的信息前置，突出重点。 2. 基本句型 It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 句子剩余部分。 · 被强调部分指人时，可用 who 或 that · 被强调部分指物/时间/地点/原因/方式时，只能用 that（不能用 when/where/why） 3. 各成分强调示例 被强调成分 例句 主语 It was Zhang Qian who brought back valuable information. 宾语 It was the Yuezhi people that Zhang Qian finally found. 时间状语 It was in 2017 that the seed bank was established. 地点状语 It was in the field that he made his discovery. 方式状语 It was through his efforts that he became successful. 原因状语 It was because of his curiosity that he kept exploring. 4. 验证技巧（核心考点） 去掉 “It is/was… that/who” 后，剩余部分能组成完整通顺的句子，则为强调句；否则是主语从句。 · ✅ 强调句：It was through his efforts that he succeeded. → Through his efforts he succeeded.（完整句） · ❌ 主语从句：It is important that we study hard. → Important that we study hard.（不完整） 5. 特殊注意事项 · 不能强调谓语动词：若强调谓语，需用 do/does/did + 动词原形。 例：He did succeed in the end. 他确实最终成功了。 · 被强调部分是时间/地点时，不能用 when/where，只能用 that。 ✅ It was in 2017 that he started his research. ❌ It was in 2017 when he started his research. 教材原句： · It was through his efforts and hard work that he became successful. 正是通过他的努力和辛勤付出，他才获得了成功。 二、即学即用 （一）判断句子类型（A=强调句，B=主语从句/形式主语） 1. It was through his efforts that he succeeded. （ ） 2. It is important that we keep going in life. （ ） 3. It was in the field that he made his discovery. （ ） 4. It is said that Mozi was a soldier. （ ） 5. It was Zhang Qian who brought back the information. （ ） 6. It is amazing that he did research without formal education. （ ） 7. It was because of his curiosity that he kept exploring. （ ） 8. It was in 2017 that the seed bank was opened. （ ） 9. It is necessary for us to listen to our teacher's advice. （ ） 10. It was the Yuezhi people that he finally found. （ ） （二）判断正误并改错 1. It was through his efforts that he became successful. （______） 改正：________________________________________________ 2. It was in the field where he made his discovery. （______） 改正：________________________________________________ 3. It was Zhang Qian which brought back valuable information. （______） 改正：________________________________________________ 4. It was in 2017 when the seed bank was established. （______） 改正：________________________________________________ 5. It was because of his curiosity that he kept exploring. （______） 改正：________________________________________________ 参考答案： 1. 2. （√） （三）对划线部分进行强调 1. Zhang Qian brought back valuable information about the Western Regions.（强调主语） → ________________________________________________ 2. He succeeded through his efforts and hard work.（强调方式状语） → ________________________________________________ 3. He made his most important discovery in the field.（强调地点状语） → ________________________________________________ 4. He finally found the Yuezhi people.（强调宾语） → ________________________________________________ 5. The seed bank was established in 2017.（强调时间状语） → ________________________________________________ （四）将下列强调句还原为普通句 1. It was through his hard work that he succeeded. → ________________________________________________ 2. It was Zhang Qian who brought back valuable information. → ________________________________________________ 3. It was in the field that he made his discovery. → ________________________________________________ 4. It was because of her courage that she never gave up. → ________________________________________________ 5. It was the Yuezhi people that he finally found. → ________________________________________________ 考点四：it 作形式宾语及其他用法 一、知识精讲 1. it 作形式宾语 当动词（如 find, think, make, consider, feel, believe 等）的真正宾语是不定式短语（to do sth.）或从句时，用 it 作形式宾语放在动词后，将真正的宾语后置。 句型：主语 + 谓语 + it + 形容词/名词 + (for sb.) + to do sth. 教材原句： · Zhong Yang knew it was better to include more people when doing important work. 钟扬知道，做重要工作时最好让更多人参与进来。（it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语是 to include more people） 2. it 指代前文提到的单数事物或抽象情况 it 可指代前文提到的某个单数名词或整件事。 教材原句： · Dr Zhong Nanshan gave us great courage and hope. It gave us the power to face the challenges. 钟南山院士给予了我们巨大的勇气和希望，这份勇气和希望赋予了我们面对挑战的力量。（it 指代 great courage and hope） 3. it 指代时间、距离、天气（日常用法） · It's 8 o'clock. 八点了。（时间） · It's 5 km from home to school. 从家到学校五公里。（距离） · It's raining. 正在下雨。（天气） · It's cold outside. 外面很冷。（天气/温度） 二、即学即用 （一）指出下列各句中 it 的用法（A=形式主语，B=形式宾语，C=指代上文，D=指天气/时间/距离） 1. It is important for us to keep going in life. （ ） 2. We find it necessary to listen to our teacher. （ ） 3. It's raining heavily outside. （ ） 4. Dr Zhong gave us courage. It gave us the power. （ ） 5. It is 5 km from home to school. （ ） 6. Zhong Yang knew it was better to include more people. （ ） 7. It was amazing that he succeeded. （ ） 8. The new railway made it convenient for villagers to travel. （ ） 9. It's 8 o'clock now. Let's go. （ ） 10. She thought it her duty to help others. （ ） （二）用 it 改写下列句子 1. To help others is our duty. → We consider ________________________________________________. 2. To learn a foreign language is not easy. → I find ________________________________________________. 3. To finish the work on time is important. → We think ________________________________________________. 4. To travel around the world is exciting. → They find ________________________________________________. 5. To include more people when doing important work is better. → Zhong Yang knew ________________________________________________. （三）将下列句子译为英语 1. 我们发现听取老师的建议很有必要。 → ________________________________________________ 2. 钟扬知道做重要工作时最好让更多人参与。 → ________________________________________________ 3. 袁隆平给了我们希望，这份希望给了我们力量。 → ________________________________________________ 4. 从学校到车站大约两公里。 → ________________________________________________ 5. 他们认为保持健康很重要。 → ________________________________________________ 词句基础练 一、单项选择 1．It ________ surprising that many ancient people kept their dreams in hard times long ago. A．is B．was C．will be D．has been 2．Zhong Yang spent his whole life ________ plants and seeds. A．research B．to research C．researching D．researched 3．—Don’t be so ________ to others. We should learn to share and help each other. —What you do today ________ a lot to your future, and it’s truly ________ to help people in need. A．mean; means; meaningful B．meaningful; means; mean C．mean; meaningful; means D．means; mean; meaningful 4．It was great ________ Zhong Yang ________ so many seeds for China. A．of; to collect B．for; collecting C．of; collecting D．for; to collect 5．________ is common for teenagers to look up to great people in history. A．This B．That C．One D．It 6．It is careless ________ you to ________ your bag on the bus. A．for; put B．of; leave C．of; miss D．for; forget 7．________ is hoped that more Chinese astronauts ________ to the moon in the near future. A．It; will send B．That; will be sent C．It; will be sent D．What; send 8．It is necessary ________ we practice expressing thanks every single day. A．what B．that C．if D．whether 二、完成句子 1．阿米莉亚・埃尔哈特敢于追逐飞行梦想，十分勇敢。 It was brave of Amelia Earhart ________ ________ for her dream of flying. 2．驾机飞越大西洋对女性来说在当年十分艰难。 It was difficult for women ________ ________ flights across the Atlantic Ocean back then. 3．在初中，制定好的计划是重要的。 It ________ ________ ________ make good plans at junior high school. 4．我花费了几个月的时间去学习如何画好一匹马。 It ________ me months ________ learn how to ________ a horse ________. 5．袁隆平培育新型水稻、缓解饥饿，他真了不起。 It was great of Yuan Longping ________ ________ a new kind of rice and ________ hunger. 6．过去人们要花半天时间到达大城市。 It ________ people half a day ________ ________ to big cities in the past. 7．对青少年来说区分需要和想要是很重要的。 (汉语提示) It is important for teenagers ________ ________ needs from wants. 三、翻译 1．It’s good for family members to talk with one another. ________________________________ 2．对朋友来说，没有必要完全一模一样。（It’s not necessary for…to…）(汉译英) ________________________________________________ 3．为了保持健康，我们在A和B之间做出选择很重要。 _____________________________________________________________ 4．这家机构倒闭之后，他们很难保持联系。(shut down; keep in touch) __________________________________________________ 5．在开始运动之前做热身运动是非常重要的。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 6．在比赛开始前做热身运动是非常重要的。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 7．不要因恃强凌弱之人而沮丧，这非常重要。 ___________________________________________________________________ 8．I believe that it is normal to feel nervous before exams. _________________________________________________________ 语篇拔高练 一、短文填空 Passage A During the Warring States Period (战国时期), many states made changes to become stronger. One of the most 1 (success) changes was created by Shang Yang in Qin. Shang Yang worked out a set of 2 (plan). At first, these plans were not easily 3 (accept) by people because they didn’t believe in him. To solve this problem, Shang Yang came 4 with an idea. He ordered his men to put a thin wooden pole (杆) at the south gate. Then he said anyone who took the pole to the north gate would 5 (receive) 10 gold pieces. The task was so easy 6 nobody believed it was true. They all thought Shang Yang was joking. After seeing that, Shang Yang said he would offer 50 gold pieces to anyone who did it. And 7 (final), a man wanted to have a try. He put the pole on his shoulder and walked to the north gate. 8 his surprise, Shang Yang paid him 50 gold pieces. The news spread across the capital. Soon, people were saying Shang Yang was a man of 9 (he) word. Then people 10 (follow) him without question. With his efforts, Qin 11 (become) the strongest of all the states. Passage B 阅读下面短文，根据上下文或括号内单词等提示，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式。 Zhang Qian was one of the bravest pioneers in Chinese history. He lived during the Han Dynasty, when China 1 (hope) to build friendship with the west. In 138 BC, Emperor Wu sent him to the Western 2 (region) to find the Yuezhi people. The journey was full of danger, so it was necessary 3 him to be extremely brave. Unfortunately, he 4 (catch) by the enemy and held for over ten years. Even so, it was truly brave 5 him to keep moving forward. Years later, he got a chance to run away and 6 (success) in finding the Yuezhi people. His travels brought back 7 (value) information about the Western Regions. Later, the road he opened 8 (gradual) became the famous Silk Road. Small seeds of friendship 9 (plant) between the East and the West ever since. Today, many students look 10 to him, because his story, like a tiny seed, still grows in their hearts. It is necessary for all of us to remember the past and find ways to do more for a better future. Passage C 请根据短文内容及首字母提示写出所缺单词，使短文意思完整，每空一词。 Like William Shakespeare, poet Du Fu has the same i 1 to Chinese literary tradition. To introduce the charm and beauty of traditional Chinese literature to viewers around the world, a BBC documentary (纪录片) invited a famous British actor to read 15 of Du’s poems that have been translated into English. The documentary describes the poet’s life e 2 in detail. Born in 712, Du lived under the reign (统治) of the Tang Emperor Xuanzong (713-756) ,a time marked by richness and cultural achievements. H 3 , as the An Lushan Rebellion of 755 floored the empire, Du suffered (受苦) a lot. Through ups and downs, the poet never stopped w 4 and about 1,500 poems have been kept over the ages. In these poems, he poured out his w 5 about his country and people and the celebration of the simple joys of life. Chinese people really value the recording of history and Du is best at recording history in his poetry. That’s b 6 historical events are mirrored (反映) in his own life and spiritual journey. Though he never had a high p 7 in the government, Du cared about common people. That’s why he was p 8 as a Poet-Sage (诗圣) by later generations. A difficult life and his spirit of caring about the world helped him e 9 so many works. Du is a cultural symbol of ancient China, but his works and spirits have also encouraged people outside China. As the documentary noted, his work represents a v 10 cultural heritage (遗产) for the whole world, not just China. Passage D 阅读下面短文，根据上下文或括号内单词等提示，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式。 Last week, our class talked about the people we admire most. Yaming’s hero is I. M. Pei, a great architect. Yaming 1 (read) several books about him so far. “It was creative 2 him to design the glass pyramid at the Louvre Museum,” he said. The Suzhou Museum is another of his wonderful works, and in it Pei created a beautiful balance between the East and the West. Chen Jie chose Wang Yaping, China’s first woman to walk in space. She is a person full of courage and 3 (wise). Her live class from space was special. Millions of students 58 (watch) it on TV in 2021, and the class made science 4 (interest) for young people. Chen Jie says her story is truly 5 (inspire). Adam’s hero is not a famous person. He looks up to his father, and says his father is 6 truly great man. “It’s very nice of him to support my exchange study here,” Adam says. His father’s words keep 7 (support) his dream, and he always tells Adam that big 8 (dream) can come true. It is important to learn 9 these heroes. As our teacher said, the people we admire shape the people we will become. 二、选词填空 Passage A 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 advise  deep  discover  far  great  influence  mention  nation  pioneer  proud When we talk about physicists in the world, Yang Zhenning is one of the 1 ones. He was born in Hefei, Anhui, in 1922. He is known as one of the most famous 2 in physics, which means he was one of the first to explore new areas in science. After finishing university in China, he went to the United States for 3 study. There, he worked with his friend, Li Zhengdao. They found out that an old scientific rule was not always true. This was a very important discovery. Because of it, they won the Nobel Prize in 1957. This made people all over China feel very 4 . Yang’s other achievement was the Yang-Mills theory. He made it with another scientist, Robert Mills. This theory became a key part of modern physics. Many new 5 were made by using their ideas. Even when he was old, Yang’s work still had a great 6 . He went back to China and helped with the development of science in his country. He did this by giving speeches and 7 universities. He also always inspired young scientists. With his great contributions to both science and education, he is considered a 8 hero and a wise man. Usually, the teachers often 9 his stories to encourage students. In October, 2025, this great old man passed away, at the age of 103. His thinking 10 influenced our understanding of the universe, and he will always be remembered as a great scientist who helped us understand the secrets of nature. Passage B 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。(每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单词。) write, she, admirable, near, century, literature, return, listen, hard, music Cai Wenji was a famous Chinese poet in ancient China. She lived 1 2,000 years ago during the Eastern Han Dynasty. She was born into a well-educated family. She showed great talent for music and 2 at a very young age. Her life was difficult. Because of a war, she had to leave her home for a faraway place. After that, she experienced the 3 twelve years of her life. She lived with strangers, missing her family and homeland every day. It was after this period of sadness that she 4 . Poem of Sorrow and Anger, one of her most famous works. This powerful poem described her hard journey and strong wish to go home. Besides a poet, Cai Wenji was also a wonderful 5 . Here is a famous story. When she was young, she could tell which string (弦) on her father’s guqin had broken just by 6 to his playing. This story shows 7 excellent skill. Cai Wenji finally had the chance to 8 to her home. She expressed her feelings bravely through her poetry and music although she faced many challenges. She was 9 not only because of her artistic talent but also her strong and resilient (坚韧的) spirit. Today, even though 10 have passed, people still admire her works a lot. She remains a shining example of courage and culture in Chinese history. Passage C 从下面方框中选出10个单词，将其正确形式填入短文，使短文意思正确通顺 (每词限用一次)。 award  balance  courage  create  disease  explore  pioneer  protect  science  she  spread  whole Have you ever heard of Rachel Carson? She was one of the 1 of the world’s environmental movement through her writing on protecting the natural world. Her book Silent Spring made her well known to many people. It describes how using toxic chemicals (有毒的化学物质) on farmland breaks the natural 2 and causes harmful changes in the environment. Carson’s deep connection to nature began with her childhood 3 of the woods and rivers near her home in Pennsylvania. This interest led her to study biology, which gave her the 4 knowledge she would later use in her writing. In 1951, her first book, The Sea Around Us, came out and became a bestseller. It made her rich enough to leave her job and devote (投身于) 5 to writing. She was a gifted writer. Her next two books were also about the oceans, and both topped the book sales lists. Carson’s book Silent Spring completely changed the way Americans thought about nature. It painted a bleak (荒凉的) future for the 6 natural world. It led to a nationwide ban (禁止) on the use of a deadly chemical called DDT that farmers used for their plants. Many people say the book also led to the 7 of America’s Environmental Protection Agency. Since her death, Carson’s name has continued to stand for protecting the environment, and her influence 8 far and wide. There is now a yearly Rachel Carson Book Prize. Norway awards the Rachel Carson Prize to women who have done great work in the field of environmental 9 . In 1980, 16 years after her death, the US government 10 her the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian (平民的) honor in America. Passage D 用方框中所给单词的适当形式完成短文      die, worried, away, with, writer, pass, and, deep, they, plant Liu Zongyuan was one of The Eight Great Prose Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties. When he worked in Liuzhou, he helped 1 the development of Liuzhou. He encouraged local people to 2 orange trees, willows (柳树) and bamboo. These actions left a 3 influence on Liuzhou. There is a story between Liu Zongyuan and his friend Liu Yuxi. In 793, both Liu Zongyuan and Liu Yuxi 4 the exam and became officials. They wanted to help the country through the Yongzhen Reform (改革). But the reform failed, 5 they were sent to faraway places. Liu Zongyuan went to Yongzhou, and Liu Yuxi went to Langzhou. They wrote letters to support each other. Later, Liu Yuxi’s poems made some powerful people angry. So, they were sent 6 again. This time, Liu Zongyuan was sent to Liuzhou, and Liu Yuxi to Bozhou. Liu Zongyuan was 7 about Liu Yuxi’s old mother, so he asked to take his place. Thanks to others’ help, Liu Yuxi went to a better place. Both were great 8 . Liu Zongyuan wrote The Snake Catcher’s Tale. Liu Yuxi created Ode to Autumn. These works showed 9 deep feelings about life and society. Liu Zongyuan 10 in Liuzhou at 47. Liu Yuxi missed him a lot. Even when he was old, he visited Liu Zongyuan’s tomb (坟墓). Their friendship became a beautiful story in Chinese history. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $