Unit 5 Path to a Better World 后缀-ty,-ity和定语从句（that和which引导）（核心语法精练）英语新教材仁爱科普版九年级上册

**基本信息** 以“规则-辨析-应用”为主线，系统整合后缀-ty/-ity词性转换与that/which定语从句，通过分级训练构建“基础夯实-综合提升”的语法突破体系，提升语言应用能力与逻辑思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |知识回顾|2大考点总述|后缀构词公式（形容词→抽象名词）、定语从句关系代词功能表|从基础-ty到进阶-ity，衔接Unit4-able形成词性转换链；从句引导词按先行词类型（不定代词/最高级等）分类辨析| |考点夯基|4类基础题型（填空/单选等）|判词性（冠词/介词后用名词）、选后缀（短词-ty/长词-ity）、避坑点（不可数名词/特殊变形）|通过典型例词（safe→safety）和例句（the best film that...）强化规则应用| |综合提升|2类综合题型（语法选择/短文填空）|语境中语法综合运用（如AI餐厅语篇中定语从句与词性转换结合）|从单一规则到语篇应用，体现“规则-辨析-迁移”的思维进阶|

Unit 5 Path to a Better World核心语法精练 后缀-ty,-ity和定语从句（that和which引导） 目录 二、考点夯基 3 一、用所给单词的正确形式填空 3 二、单项选择 4 三、完成句子 7 四、选词填空 8 一、语法选择 9 二、短文填空 11 考点一 后缀-ty/-ity 一、考点总述（中考必考） -ty / -ity 是中考词性转换高频名词后缀，核心功能：形容词 → 抽象名词，表示“性质、状态、程度、特征”。 两大后缀为仁爱版九年级核心构词考点，常考题型：用所给词适当形式填空、短文填空、写作名词升级，与此前学的-able形容词后缀形成完整词性转换体系。 核心区分： ✅ -ty：多附在单音节/短形容词后，拼写简单、变形规则固定； ✅ -ity：多附在多音节形容词后，属于高阶名词后缀，中考提分重点。 二、后缀 -ty 精讲（基础必考） 1. 构词公式 形容词 + ty → 抽象名词（……的性质/状态） > 变形规则重点（中考高频考点） 1. 部分词尾 y 保留，直接加 - ty 2. 词尾 t/te：去掉 e 再加 -ty 3. 词尾 le → li + ty（le 变 li） 4. 词尾 -ble → -bility（特殊变体） 形容词 名词 中文释义 safe safety 安全 certain certainty 确定性 pure purity 纯净；纯度 able ability 能力 possible possibility 可能性 reliable reliability 可靠性 equal equality 平等 real reality 现实 2.核心易错点 （1）部分单词拼写变形特殊，不可直接照搬形容词拼写：high→height、long→length； （2）-ty结尾名词均为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数； （3）固定搭配：in safety（安全地）、tell the truth（说实话）。 三、后缀 -ity 精讲（进阶高分） 1. 中考高频变形（教材+真题核心） 形容词 adj. 名词 n. (-ity) 中文 able ability 能力 possible possibility 可能性 real reality 现实 equal equality 平等 pure purity 纯净 reliable reliability 可靠性 national nationality 国籍 diverse diversity 多样性 2.变形规则（必考） （1）形容词以le结尾：去e + ity（possible→possibility、able→ability）； （2）多音节形容词优先用-ity后缀，是写作高级名词替换核心； （3）词义统一抽象，无具体实物，只表状态、特质、能力。 四、-able / -ty / -ity 词性转换联动（衔接Unit4语法） 例： achieve（v.实现）→ achievable（adj.可实现的）→ achievement（n.成就） rely（v.依靠）→ reliable（adj.可靠的）→ reliability（n.可靠性） accept（v.接受）→ acceptable（adj.可接受的）→ acceptability（n.可接受性） 五、中考解题万能技巧 1. 判空格词性：冠词(a/an/the)、形容词、物主代词后、介词后，必填名词，优先考虑-ty/ity后缀； 2. 判后缀选择：短形容词选-ty，长的多音节形容词选-ity； 3. 避坑要点：后缀名词表抽象状态，一律不可数，无复数（activity表具体活动时可复数）。 六、写作高分句型（直接套用） 1. Practice improves our ability to learn foreign languages well. 练习能提升我们学好外语的能力。 2. There is a strong possibility that we will make progress in English. 我们很有可能在英语学习上取得进步。 3. Safety and truth are important in our study and life. 安全与真诚是我们学习和生活中的重要准则。 考点二 定语从句（that和which引导） 定语从句引导词之关系代词 关系词 先行词 从句成分 例 句 that 人或物 主语，宾语 A plane is a machine that can fly. She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much. which 物 主语，宾语 The book (which) I gave you was worth $10. The picture which was about the accident was terrible. 1.that和which的用法辨析 一、只用that不用which引导定语从句的情况 ①先行词为不定代词anything, nothing, something, everything, all, some, none, little, few, the one等时。 例1. I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else's fault. 我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。 例2. I have read all the books (that) you gave me. 你给我的所有书我都已经读过了。 ②先行词是形容词最高级或序数词，或先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。 例1. This is the best film (that) I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 例1. The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。 ③先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same, any, every, each, few, little, no, some, all等修饰时。 例1. The only thing that matters is to find our way home. 唯一要紧的事情是找到我们回家的路。 例1. The only part of the meal that I really liked was the dessert. 这顿饭只有甜点是我真正爱吃的。 ④先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。 例.They will never forget the things and persons that they've seen or heard of during their long journey. 他们将永远不会忘记在他们的长途旅行中见到或听说过的人和事。 二、只用which不用that引导定语从句的情况 典型场合 典型示例 引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句或主句一部分，标志为逗号。 Our football team won the final, which made us excited. 我们的足球队赢得了决赛，这使我们非常兴奋。 用于“介词+关系代词”结构，如in which, both of which等，标志为介词。 The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop. 过去我居住的房子已变成了一家鞋店。 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1．Everything is ________ (possible) if you keep on working hard. 2．We should stop ________ (pollute) our living environment. 3．Many ________ (nation) conferences about new energy were held last year. 4．The factory creates many useful ________ (produce) for local people. 5．The news was very ________ (surprise) to all of us. 6．People feel ________ (surprise) at the great technology projects in China. 7．Scientists work ________ (close) with each other on this big project. 8．Modern technology improves our living ________ (safe) greatly. 9．We are surprised at the ________ (high) of the modern building. 10．Everyone has the ________ (able) to make progress through hard work. 11．There is no ________ (possible) that technology will stop developing. 12．A good student should have a sense of ________ (responsible). 13．The ________ (long) of the new high-speed railway is over 500 kilometers. 14．The ________ (stable) of modern technology ensures our convenient life. 15．Regular exercise can improve our physical ________ (strong). 16．Technology gives us the ________ (flexible) to study in different ways. 17．The local government ________ (supply) free textbooks since 2021. (supply现完) 18．The program checked the ________ (similar) between damaged and healthy leaves. 19．Users questioned the ________ (secure) of a lock that could be opened remotely. 20．We should always tell the ________ (true) in our daily life. 二、单项选择。 1．I like the songs ________ I can dance to. A．that B．who C．what D．whose 2．This is the best speech ________ I’ve ever heard. A．which B．that C．who D．whose 3．—Have you noticed the letter from Mr. Sigmund ________ I put in my desk? —No, I haven’t. A．which B．who C．where D．whom 4．I really like the photo of my family ________ my sister took in the city park last year. A．who B．that C．what D．whom 5．Whiteboards ________ very popular in the 1990s. A．become B．became C．have become D．will become 6．Technology is the use of scientific knowledge ________ achieving engineering goals. A．for B．in C．at D．on 7．Everything went on quite ________. A．good B．well C．better D．best 8．Virtual reality is a technology ________ creates a copy of the real world. A．who B．which C．whom D．what 9．We should ________ people from throwing rubbish into the river. A．prevent B．allow C．encourage D．make 10．To everyone’s ________, he solved the difficulty quickly. We all felt thankful to him for his help. A．advice B．surprise C．effort D．worry 三、完成句子。 1．中国将继续改进北斗，引导整个世界朝着正确的方向前进。 China will ________ to improve BDS and guide the whole world to go in the right ________. 2．数以千计的游客每年都会来参观这座大坝。 ________ of tourists come to visit the dam every year. 3．我相信总有一天这会变成现实。 I’m sure this will ________ ________ reality one day. 4．事故的风险可以被大大降低，甚至完全避免。 The ________ of accidents can be greatly reduced, even completely ________. 5．政府加大力度确保人民在暴风雪期间的安全。 The government stepped up efforts to make sure of people’s ________ during the snowstorm. 6．这是杰克发明的那台机器。 This is the machine ________ Jack invented. 7．创造力在技术领域非常重要。 ________ is very important in the field of technology. 8．虚拟现实是一种在虚拟环境中创建真实世界副本的技术。 Virtual reality is a technology ________ creates a copy of the real world in a virtual environment. 9．这是我从上海坐过的最快的火车。 This is the fastest train ________ I have ever taken from Shanghai. 10．跳舞时她把裙子左右摆动。 She waved her skirt ________ ________ ________ ________ when dancing. 4、 句型转换。 come into reality; plenty of; depend on; clean energy; heat water; be bad for; produce electricity 1．More and more cities begin to make use of . 2．Hard work can make your dream in the near future. 3．This special kind of equipment can by using sunlight. 4．Our daily life different kinds of energy. 5．There is sunshine in the western parts of our country. 6．Burning coal our air and environment. 7．Families in this town use solar panels to . 一、语法选择 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。 Have you ever imagined an AI restaurant? Have you ever dreamed of being served 1 robots in a restaurant? Yes, your 2 can be realized now. In July 2021, a smart restaurant caught everyone’s eyes. The restaurant 3 lies in Hongqiao Community, Changning District in Shanghai covers 133 square meters and it can serve more than 1000 dishes, 4 Chinese food and Western food. There are no staff (工作人员) in the restaurant, and all we can see are robots and electric machines. The robots in the restaurant 5 as cooks and waiters or waitresses, and they can work a long time without rest. That largely increases the efficiency (效率) 6 a traditional restaurant. The restaurant not only has self-service food areas and online booking centers, 7 24-hour snack machines. This AI restaurant is popular because of 8 high quality and low price. The 9 meat dishes, such as big chicken legs, cost only 8 yuan, while usual vegetables, such as Chinese cabbage, cost only 3.5 yuan. There is no doubt that the AI restaurant takes a leading position in the field of new dining. If you have a chance 10 in such a restaurant, don’t miss it. 1．A．as B．to C．by D．with 2．A．dreams B．dream C．a dream D．dreams’ 3．A．where B．whom C．which D．who 4．A．to include B．includes C．included D．including 5．A．work B．works C．worked D．working 6．A．compared to B．compared with C．comparing to D．comparing with 7．A．as B．but C．and D．so 8．A．they B．its C．it D．theirs 9．A．much expensively B．more expensive C．expensive D．most expensive 10．A．eat B．eats C．eating D．to eat 二、语法填空 （一） 根据短文内容，在横线上填上适当单词，使短文完整、通顺；给出单词的空格不限一词，没有给出单词的空格限一词 Technology is changing our life all the time. Now AI is 1 (wide) used around us. A survey shows that four fifths of parents worry AI may influence their children’s future jobs. Many parents don’t know how to prepare kids for the great changes. AI makes parents worry about children’s education and career 2 (choose). Now educators all agree that emotional (情感) education is important. Machines can work efficiently (有效地), 3 they can hardly understand human feelings. We must develop human qualities like compassion (同情), teamwork and kindness, which can never be replaced by AI. So many schools in Shanghai 4 (make) emotional education a compulsory (必修的) course already. Teachers help students improve their 5 (ability) to know themselves and get on well with others. Some teachers let kids express ideas and think from others’ point of view 6 conflicts (冲突) happen, which helps students communicate better. The survey also finds most parents now encourage kids 7 (try) new things and deal with unexpected trouble in daily life. They learn to use technology to serve society. For example, students 8 (teach) to use AI to help people in need. Such experiences help them grow and become more independent. As we know, AI is just 9 tool. It can never fully take the place of humans. People believe the young generation will use AI to live and work better. However, we should never let technology 10 (control) our minds. Technology cannot take the place of true love and care, and this is the truth we must remember forever. （二） 阅读下面短文，根据语境或括号内提示填入一个适当的词或所给词的正确形式。 A Crosswalk That Waits The crosswalk outside Zhonghe Hospital has a button 1 allows people to request extra crossing time. It was designed for users 2 movement may be slow, including older people and patients with injuries. The system uses a small card 3 the hospital gives to patients who need it. When the card is held near the button, the green-light period is extended by twelve seconds. No name 4 location history is stored. The card simply sends a signal that means “more time needed.” During the first trial, the 5 (sensitive) of the reader was too low. Users had to hold the card in exactly the right place. Engineers changed the antenna, which improved its 6 (reliable). They also added a normal button for people 7 do not have a card but still need help. The crosswalk is a technology 8 success depends on more than electronics. Clear road markings, patient drivers and rules 9 are enforced all matter. The project shows that a smart city is not only a city that moves quickly. It is one 10 notices when some people need more time. 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Path to a Better World核心语法精练 后缀-ty,-ity和定语从句（that和which引导） 目录 二、考点夯基 3 一、用所给单词的正确形式填空 3 二、单项选择 4 三、完成句子 7 四、选词填空 8 一、语法选择 9 二、短文填空 11 考点一 后缀-ty/-ity 一、考点总述（中考必考） -ty / -ity 是中考词性转换高频名词后缀，核心功能：形容词 → 抽象名词，表示“性质、状态、程度、特征”。 两大后缀为仁爱版九年级核心构词考点，常考题型：用所给词适当形式填空、短文填空、写作名词升级，与此前学的-able形容词后缀形成完整词性转换体系。 核心区分： ✅ -ty：多附在单音节/短形容词后，拼写简单、变形规则固定； ✅ -ity：多附在多音节形容词后，属于高阶名词后缀，中考提分重点。 二、后缀 -ty 精讲（基础必考） 1. 构词公式 形容词 + ty → 抽象名词（……的性质/状态） > 变形规则重点（中考高频考点） 1. 部分词尾 y 保留，直接加 - ty 2. 词尾 t/te：去掉 e 再加 -ty 3. 词尾 le → li + ty（le 变 li） 4. 词尾 -ble → -bility（特殊变体） 形容词 名词 中文释义 safe safety 安全 certain certainty 确定性 pure purity 纯净；纯度 able ability 能力 possible possibility 可能性 reliable reliability 可靠性 equal equality 平等 real reality 现实 2.核心易错点 （1）部分单词拼写变形特殊，不可直接照搬形容词拼写：high→height、long→length； （2）-ty结尾名词均为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数； （3）固定搭配：in safety（安全地）、tell the truth（说实话）。 三、后缀 -ity 精讲（进阶高分） 1. 中考高频变形（教材+真题核心） 形容词 adj. 名词 n. (-ity) 中文 able ability 能力 possible possibility 可能性 real reality 现实 equal equality 平等 pure purity 纯净 reliable reliability 可靠性 national nationality 国籍 diverse diversity 多样性 2.变形规则（必考） （1）形容词以le结尾：去e + ity（possible→possibility、able→ability）； （2）多音节形容词优先用-ity后缀，是写作高级名词替换核心； （3）词义统一抽象，无具体实物，只表状态、特质、能力。 四、-able / -ty / -ity 词性转换联动（衔接Unit4语法） 例： achieve（v.实现）→ achievable（adj.可实现的）→ achievement（n.成就） rely（v.依靠）→ reliable（adj.可靠的）→ reliability（n.可靠性） accept（v.接受）→ acceptable（adj.可接受的）→ acceptability（n.可接受性） 五、中考解题万能技巧 1. 判空格词性：冠词(a/an/the)、形容词、物主代词后、介词后，必填名词，优先考虑-ty/ity后缀； 2. 判后缀选择：短形容词选-ty，长的多音节形容词选-ity； 3. 避坑要点：后缀名词表抽象状态，一律不可数，无复数（activity表具体活动时可复数）。 六、写作高分句型（直接套用） 1. Practice improves our ability to learn foreign languages well. 练习能提升我们学好外语的能力。 2. There is a strong possibility that we will make progress in English. 我们很有可能在英语学习上取得进步。 3. Safety and truth are important in our study and life. 安全与真诚是我们学习和生活中的重要准则。 考点二 定语从句（that和which引导） 定语从句引导词之关系代词 关系词 先行词 从句成分 例 句 that 人或物 主语，宾语 A plane is a machine that can fly. She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much. which 物 主语，宾语 The book (which) I gave you was worth $10. The picture which was about the accident was terrible. 1.that和which的用法辨析 一、只用that不用which引导定语从句的情况 ①先行词为不定代词anything, nothing, something, everything, all, some, none, little, few, the one等时。 例1. I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else's fault. 我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。 例2. I have read all the books (that) you gave me. 你给我的所有书我都已经读过了。 ②先行词是形容词最高级或序数词，或先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。 例1. This is the best film (that) I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 例1. The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。 ③先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same, any, every, each, few, little, no, some, all等修饰时。 例1. The only thing that matters is to find our way home. 唯一要紧的事情是找到我们回家的路。 例1. The only part of the meal that I really liked was the dessert. 这顿饭只有甜点是我真正爱吃的。 ④先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。 例.They will never forget the things and persons that they've seen or heard of during their long journey. 他们将永远不会忘记在他们的长途旅行中见到或听说过的人和事。 二、只用which不用that引导定语从句的情况 典型场合 典型示例 引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句或主句一部分，标志为逗号。 Our football team won the final, which made us excited. 我们的足球队赢得了决赛，这使我们非常兴奋。 用于“介词+关系代词”结构，如in which, both of which等，标志为介词。 The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop. 过去我居住的房子已变成了一家鞋店。 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1．Everything is ________ (possible) if you keep on working hard. 【答案】possible 【详解】句意：如果你坚持努力，一切皆有可能。空格位于系动词 is 之后，需要填入一个形容词作表语，结合“if you keep on working hard”可知，此处指坚持努力的话，一切都有可能， possible意为“可能的”，是形容词，直接填原形即可。 2．We should stop ________ (pollute) our living environment. 【答案】polluting 【详解】句意：我们应该停止污染我们的生活环境。stop doing sth.意为“停止正在做的某事”；stop to do sth.意为“停下来去做另一件事”。本句表示停止正在发生的污染行为。故应用stop doing结构，将pollute变为动名词polluting。 3．Many ________ (nation) conferences about new energy were held last year. 【答案】national 【详解】句意：去年举办了许多关于新能源的全国性的会议。括号内nation是名词，空格修饰名词conferences，需要使用形容词，nation的形容词形式为national，表示“国家的，全国性的”。 4．The factory creates many useful ________ (produce) for local people. 【答案】products 【详解】句意：这家工厂为当地人制造许多有用的产品。空格处位于形容词useful之后，作动词creates的宾语，且前面有限定词many修饰，因此需要填入可数名词的复数形式。produce是动词，意为“生产”，其对应的表示“产品”的可数名词是product，复数形式为products。 5．The news was very ________ (surprise) to all of us. 【答案】surprising 【详解】句意：这消息使我们大家都很吃惊。系动词was后需接形容词作表语，此处形容词用于修饰事物名词news，因此使用surprise的形容词形式surprising，表示“令人惊讶的，令人吃惊的”。 6．People feel ________ (surprise) at the great technology projects in China. 【答案】surprised 【详解】句意：人们对中国重大科技工程感到惊叹。surprised“人感到惊讶的，主语通常是人”； surprising“事物令人惊讶的，主语通常是物”；本句主语是people（人们），feel是系动词，后面用surprised作表语。 7．Scientists work ________ (close) with each other on this big project. 【答案】closely 【详解】句意：科学家们在这个重大项目上密切合作。空格处修饰动词work，需要使用副词，close的副词形式为closely，意为“紧密地”。 8．Modern technology improves our living ________ (safe) greatly. 【答案】safety 【详解】句意：现代科技极大地提升了我们的生活安全。形容词性物主代词our后面需要接名词，形容词safe对应的名词形式是safety，living safety表示“生活安全”。 9．We are surprised at the ________ (high) of the modern building. 【答案】height 【详解】句意：我们对这座现代化建筑的高度感到惊讶。the是冠词，冠词后面通常接名词。括号里给的high是形容词（高的），名词形式为height，表示“建筑的高度”。 10．Everyone has the ________ (able) to make progress through hard work. 【答案】ability 【详解】句意：每个人都有通过努力取得进步的能力。句中“the”为定冠词，后面需要接名词作宾语。able的名词形式为ability，意为“能力”，固定结构have the ability to do sth.表示“有能力做某事”，故填ability。 11．There is no ________ (possible) that technology will stop developing. 【答案】possibility 【详解】句意：科技停止发展是不可能的。no是形容词，后接名词，表示“没有……”。括号里给的是形容词 possible（可能的），这里需要表示“没有可能性”，所以用名词possibility。 12．A good student should have a sense of ________ (responsible). 【答案】responsibility 【详解】句意：一个好学生应该有责任感。responsible“负责任的”，为形容词。此处位于介词of之后，需要名词作宾语，表示“责任”，故用其名词形式responsibility。 13．The ________ (long) of the new high-speed railway is over 500 kilometers. 【答案】length 【详解】句意：这条新的高速铁路的长度超过500公里。long“长的”，为形容词。此处位于定冠词The和介词of之间，需要名词作主语，表示“长度”，故用其名词形式length。length为抽象名词，不可数，且谓语动词is为单数，故用单数形式。 14．The ________ (stable) of modern technology ensures our convenient life. 【答案】stability 【详解】句意：现代科技的稳定性保障了我们便利的生活。所给词“stable”是形容词，意为“稳定的”，句中“The…of modern technology”提示，此处指现代科技的稳定性，stable的名词形式是stability，意为“稳定性”。故填stability。 15．Regular exercise can improve our physical ________ (strong). 【答案】strength 【详解】句意：规律运动可以增强我们的身体力量。空格前是形容词physical，形容词后需要接名词，strong是形容词，要变为名词strength。 16．Technology gives us the ________ (flexible) to study in different ways. 【答案】flexibility 【详解】句意：科技赋予我们用不同方式学习的灵活性。空格前有定冠词the，定冠词the后面需要接名词，flexible是形容词，要变为名词flexibility。 17．The local government ________ (supply) free textbooks since 2021. (supply现完) 【答案】has supplied 【详解】句意：当地政府自2021年以来一直提供免费课本。supply“提供”，动词，“since 2021”是现在完成时标志，结构为“have/has+过去分词”，主语The local government为第三人称单数，所以助动词用has，supply的过去分词为supplied，故填has supplied。 18．The program checked the ________ (similar) between damaged and healthy leaves. 【答案】similarity 【详解】句意：该程序检查了受损叶片和健康叶片之间的相似性。空格位于定冠词the之后，介词between之前，因此该处需要填入一个名词作宾语。similar是形容词，意为“相似的”，其对应的名词形式是similarity，意为“相似性”，故填similarity。 19．Users questioned the ________ (secure) of a lock that could be opened remotely. 【答案】security 【详解】句意：用户质疑这种可以远程打开的锁的安全性。空格前有定冠词the，后面需要接名词；secure是形容词，意为“安全的”，其名词形式为security，表示“安全性”。 20．We should always tell the ________ (true) in our daily life. 【答案】truth 【详解】句意：我们在日常生活中应该始终讲实话。此处为固定搭配tell the truth，表示“讲实话，说真话”，定冠词the后接名词，故填truth。 二、单项选择。 1．I like the songs ________ I can dance to. A．that B．who C．what D．whose 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我喜欢那些我能跟着跳舞的歌。that指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；what不能引导定语从句；whose指人或物，在定语从句中作定语。先行词“the songs”指物，定语从句“I can dance to”中缺少介词“to”的宾语，需用关系代词“that”指代物并在从句中作宾语。 2．This is the best speech ________ I’ve ever heard. A．which B．that C．who D．whose 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这是我曾经听过的最好的演讲。which哪一个；that那个；who谁；whose谁的。根据“This is the best speech”可知，先行词speech指物，且被形容词最高级the best修饰。当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，关系代词只能用that，不能用which。 3．—Have you noticed the letter from Mr. Sigmund ________ I put in my desk? —No, I haven’t. A．which B．who C．where D．whom 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你注意到我放在我的书桌里的来自西格蒙德先生的信了吗？——不，我没有。which哪个（指物）；who谁（指人）；where哪里；whom谁（宾格）。先行词是the letter，指物，且在从句中作宾语，用which引导定语从句。故填which。 4．I really like the photo of my family ________ my sister took in the city park last year. A．who B．that C．what D．whom 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我真的很喜欢我姐姐去年在城市公园拍的那张全家福照片。 who指人；that指人或物；what不能引导定语从句；whom指人（作宾语）。根据“the photo”可知，先行词是物，且在定语从句中作took的宾语，应用that或which引导，that符合语境。 5．Whiteboards ________ very popular in the 1990s. A．become B．became C．have become D．will become 【答案】B 【详解】句意：白板在20世纪90年代变得非常流行。 become变成（动词原形）；became变成（动词过去式）；have become已经变成（现在完成时）；will become将会变成（一般将来时）。“in the 1990s”表示“在20世纪90年代”，为过去时间状语，句子应使用一般过去时，become的过去式是became，故选B。 6．Technology is the use of scientific knowledge ________ achieving engineering goals. A．for B．in C．at D．on 【答案】B 【详解】句意：技术就是在实现工程目标的过程中对科学知识的运用。for为了；in在……方面/过程中；at在；on关于。本句表达在实现工程目标这一过程当中运用科学知识，介词in可以表示“在……过程、方面”，后接动名词，符合语境，故选B。 7．Everything went on quite ________. A．good B．well C．better D．best 【答案】B 【详解】句意：一切进展得相当顺利。 good好的（形容词）；well好地（副词）；better更好（比较级）；best最好（最高级）。句中“went on”是动词短语，需要用副词来修饰动词，quite后用原级，不需要使用比较级或最高级，故选B。 8．Virtual reality is a technology ________ creates a copy of the real world. A．who B．which C．whom D．what 【答案】B 【详解】句意：虚拟现实是一种创造现实世界副本的技术。who谁；which哪一个；whom谁；what什么。空处引导定语从句，先行词是a technology，指物，且在从句中作主语，应用which或that引导。 9．We should ________ people from throwing rubbish into the river. A．prevent B．allow C．encourage D．make 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们应该阻止人们向河里扔垃圾。prevent阻止；allow允许；encourage鼓励；make使，让。根据“people from throwing rubbish into the river”可知，此处考查固定搭配prevent sb. from doing sth.“阻止某人做某事”，且符合保护环境的语境。 10．To everyone’s ________, he solved the difficulty quickly. We all felt thankful to him for his help. A．advice B．surprise C．effort D．worry 【答案】B 【详解】句意：令大家惊讶的是，他迅速解决了困难。我们都感谢他的帮助。advice建议；surprise惊讶；effort努力；worry担心。根据题干“To everyone’s...”及“solved the difficulty quickly”可知，他迅速解决问题，令人“惊讶”，应用surprise，to one’s surprise是固定短语，意为“令某人惊讶的是”，应填surprise。 三、完成句子。 1．中国将继续改进北斗，引导整个世界朝着正确的方向前进。 China will ________ to improve BDS and guide the whole world to go in the right ________. 【答案】 continue direction 【详解】原句中“继续”和“方向”是关键词，表示“继续”的单词是continue，will后接动词原形；表示“方向”的单词是direction，in the right direction是固定搭配，意为“朝着正确的方向”。 2．数以千计的游客每年都会来参观这座大坝。 ________ of tourists come to visit the dam every year. 【答案】Thousands 【详解】原句中“数以千计的”是关键词，表示“数以千计的”英文是thousands of，是固定短语。句首首字母大写。 3．我相信总有一天这会变成现实。 I’m sure this will ________ ________ reality one day. 【答案】 come into 【详解】原句中“变成”是关键词，“变成”对应的短语是come into，空格前有助动词will，后面需要接动词原形。 4．事故的风险可以被大大降低，甚至完全避免。 The ________ of accidents can be greatly reduced, even completely ________. 【答案】 risk avoided 【详解】原句中“风险”、“避免”是关键词，the后接名词，risk表示风险；“避免”为avoid，句子为被动语态，需要使用avoid的过去分词avoided，此处与前面reduced并列，共用前面的情态结构can be，故只填过去分词avoided，省略can be。应填avoided。 5．政府加大力度确保人民在暴风雪期间的安全。 The government stepped up efforts to make sure of people’s ________ during the snowstorm. 【答案】safety 【详解】原句中“安全”是关键词，表示“安全”的名词是“safety”。本句为一般过去时，空格前为“people’s”，“safety”作宾语。 6．这是杰克发明的那台机器。 This is the machine ________ Jack invented. 【答案】that/which 【详解】原句关键词是“……的”。句中“Jack invented”是定语从句，此处缺少引导词；先行词“the machine”指物，且关系代词在从句中作动词“invented”的宾语，可用that或which引导定语从句。 7．创造力在技术领域非常重要。 ________ is very important in the field of technology. 【答案】Creativity 【详解】原句中“创造力”为关键词，表示“创造力”的单词为creativity，不可数名词，位于句首，单词的首字母必须大写。应填Creativity。 8．虚拟现实是一种在虚拟环境中创建真实世界副本的技术。 Virtual reality is a technology ________ creates a copy of the real world in a virtual environment. 【答案】that/which 【详解】原句中“技术”是关键词，先行词“technology”指物，且在定语从句“creates a copy of the real world in a virtual environment”中作主语，应用关系代词“that”或“which”引导定语从句。故填that/which。 9．这是我从上海坐过的最快的火车。 This is the fastest train ________ I have ever taken from Shanghai. 【答案】that 【详解】原句中“最快的火车”是关键词，先行词“train”前有最高级“the fastest”修饰，定语从句关系代词只能用“that”。本句为现在完成时，从句谓语为“have taken”，关系代词在从句中作宾语。应填that。 10．跳舞时她把裙子左右摆动。 She waved her skirt ________ ________ ________ ________ when dancing. 【答案】 from side to side 【详解】原句中“左右”是关键词，表示“从一边到另一边、左右”的固定短语是“from side to side”。应填from；side；to；side。 4、 句型转换。 come into reality; plenty of; depend on; clean energy; heat water; be bad for; produce electricity 1．More and more cities begin to make use of . 2．Hard work can make your dream in the near future. 3．This special kind of equipment can by using sunlight. 4．Our daily life different kinds of energy. 5．There is sunshine in the western parts of our country. 6．Burning coal our air and environment. 7．Families in this town use solar panels to . 【答案】1．clean energy 2．come into reality 3．produce electricity 4．depends on 5．plenty of 6．is bad for 7．heat water 【详解】1．句意：越来越多的城市开始利用清洁能源。make use of“使用”后面接名词或名词短语作宾语。结合所给短语，clean energy（清洁能源）符合语境。 2．句意：努力工作能让你的梦想在不久的将来得以实现。根据“Hard-working can make your dream ...”可知，空格处应表示梦想“实现”，在备选短语中come into reality（实现，成为现实）符合句意。make sb./sth. do sth.意为“使某人/某物做某事”，因此空格处应填动词原形。 3．句意：这种特殊设备能利用阳光发电。根据using sunlight（利用阳光）可知，本句表示用光能来做某些事情，备选短语中，produce electricity（发电）符合句意。can是情态动词，后接动词原形。 4．句意：我们的日常生活依赖于不同种类的能源。分析句子结构，空格处是谓语，应填动词短语，备选短语中，depend on（依赖）符合句意。本句描述一般事实，用一般现在时，主语Our daily life视为第三人称单数，谓语动词 depend需变为depends。 5．句意：我国西部地区有大量阳光。根据“There is ... sunshine”可知，空格处修饰sunshine（阳光），sunshine是不可数名词，备选项中plenty of（大量）可修饰不可数名词，符合句意。 6．句意：燃烧煤炭对我们的空气和环境有害。根据主语Burning coal（燃烧煤炭）和宾语our air and environment（我们的空气和环境）可知，本句表示燃烧煤炭对空气和环境有害，备选项中be bad for（对……有害）符合句意。本句描述一般事实，用一般现在时，主语Burning coal是动名词短语，视为第三人称单数，be动词需变为is。 7．句意：这个城镇的家庭使用太阳能板来把水加热。根据“use solar panels to”可知，空格处表示太阳能板的用处，备选项中heat water（加热水）符合句意。use sth. to do sth.意为“使用某物做某事”，to后接动词原形，即heat water。 一、语法选择 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。 Have you ever imagined an AI restaurant? Have you ever dreamed of being served 1 robots in a restaurant? Yes, your 2 can be realized now. In July 2021, a smart restaurant caught everyone’s eyes. The restaurant 3 lies in Hongqiao Community, Changning District in Shanghai covers 133 square meters and it can serve more than 1000 dishes, 4 Chinese food and Western food. There are no staff (工作人员) in the restaurant, and all we can see are robots and electric machines. The robots in the restaurant 5 as cooks and waiters or waitresses, and they can work a long time without rest. That largely increases the efficiency (效率) 6 a traditional restaurant. The restaurant not only has self-service food areas and online booking centers, 7 24-hour snack machines. This AI restaurant is popular because of 8 high quality and low price. The 9 meat dishes, such as big chicken legs, cost only 8 yuan, while usual vegetables, such as Chinese cabbage, cost only 3.5 yuan. There is no doubt that the AI restaurant takes a leading position in the field of new dining. If you have a chance 10 in such a restaurant, don’t miss it. 1．A．as B．to C．by D．with 2．A．dreams B．dream C．a dream D．dreams’ 3．A．where B．whom C．which D．who 4．A．to include B．includes C．included D．including 5．A．work B．works C．worked D．working 6．A．compared to B．compared with C．comparing to D．comparing with 7．A．as B．but C．and D．so 8．A．they B．its C．it D．theirs 9．A．much expensively B．more expensive C．expensive D．most expensive 10．A．eat B．eats C．eating D．to eat 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．A 6．B 7．B 8．B 9．D 10．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了一家位于上海的AI餐厅，由机器人提供服务，效率高且价格低廉，展现了餐饮新领域的发展前景。 【详解】1．句意：你曾经梦想过在餐馆里被机器人服务吗？ 根据“be served … robots”可知，此处是被动语态，表示“被机器人服务”，应用介词by。 2．句意：是的，你的梦想现在可以被实现了。 根据前文“dreamed”及语境可知，此处指代前文提到的那个梦想，应用单数名词dream，且your后不加冠词。 3．句意：这家位于上海市长宁区虹桥社区的餐厅占地 133 平方米，可提供1000余种菜肴，包括中餐和西餐。 此处是定语从句，先行词The restaurant指物，在从句中作主语，应用which。 4．句意：这家位于上海市长宁区虹桥社区的餐厅占地 133 平方米，可提供1000余种菜肴，包括中餐和西餐。此句已有谓语动词，此处应用介词或分词作伴随状语，including符合。 5．句意：餐厅里的机器人作为厨师和服务员工作……。 句子是一般现在时，主语The robots是复数，谓语动词用原形work。 6．句意：与传统餐厅相比，这大大提高了效率。 本句将新模式效率和传统餐厅做对比，突出差距，应用过去分词compared with作状语，表示“与……相比”且含被动意味。 7．句意：这家餐厅不仅设有自助取餐区和线上预订服务点，还配备24小时零食自助售卖机。 not only... but (also)... 是固定搭配，意为“不但……而且……”，固定搭配。 8．句意：这家人工智能餐厅因为物美价廉而广受欢迎。 根据“This AI restaurant”可知，此处指餐厅的，应用形容词性物主代词its。 9．句意：最昂贵的肉类菜肴，如大鸡腿，只花了8元。 根据“The”及语境在众多菜式中进行比较，应用形容词最高级most expensive。 10．句意：如果你有机会在这样的餐厅吃饭，千万不要错过。 have a chance to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“有机会做某事”，to eat符合语境。 二、语法填空 （一） 根据短文内容，在横线上填上适当单词，使短文完整、通顺；给出单词的空格不限一词，没有给出单词的空格限一词 Technology is changing our life all the time. Now AI is 1 (wide) used around us. A survey shows that four fifths of parents worry AI may influence their children’s future jobs. Many parents don’t know how to prepare kids for the great changes. AI makes parents worry about children’s education and career 2 (choose). Now educators all agree that emotional (情感) education is important. Machines can work efficiently (有效地), 3 they can hardly understand human feelings. We must develop human qualities like compassion (同情), teamwork and kindness, which can never be replaced by AI. So many schools in Shanghai 4 (make) emotional education a compulsory (必修的) course already. Teachers help students improve their 5 (ability) to know themselves and get on well with others. Some teachers let kids express ideas and think from others’ point of view 6 conflicts (冲突) happen, which helps students communicate better. The survey also finds most parents now encourage kids 7 (try) new things and deal with unexpected trouble in daily life. They learn to use technology to serve society. For example, students 8 (teach) to use AI to help people in need. Such experiences help them grow and become more independent. As we know, AI is just 9 tool. It can never fully take the place of humans. People believe the young generation will use AI to live and work better. However, we should never let technology 10 (control) our minds. Technology cannot take the place of true love and care, and this is the truth we must remember forever. 【答案】 1．widely 2．choices 3．but 4．have made 5．abilities 6．when 7．to try 8．are taught 9．a 10．control 【导语】本文主要介绍了人工智能 (AI) 对人们尤其是家长的影响，以及应对AI发展的相关措施。 【详解】1．句意：现在AI在我们周围被广泛应用。此处修饰动词“used”，要用副词，wide是形容词，对应的副词形式是widely。 2．句意：AI让父母担心孩子的教育和职业选择。“and”并列“education”和空格处，需要填名词；choose对应的名词是choice，此处表示多方面职业选择，用复数choices。 3．句意：机器能高效工作，但它们几乎无法理解人类的情感。前后分句是转折关系，应用转折连词but连接。 4．句意：所以上海的很多学校已经将情感教育设为必修课程。句中的already“已经”是现在完成时的标志，主语“many schools”是复数，助动词用have，make的过去分词是made。 5．句意：教师帮助学生提升认知自我、与他人相处的能力。此处“能力”是复数概念，指多种能力，ability是可数名词，应用复数形式abilities。 6．句意：一些老师让孩子们在冲突发生时表达想法、换位思考，这帮助学生更好沟通。此处表示“当……的时候”，引导时间状语从句，应用连词when。 7．句意：调查同样发现大多数家长现在鼓励孩子尝试新事物，处理日常生活中的突发麻烦。固定搭配encourage sb. to do sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”，应用动词不定式to try。 8．句意：例如，学生被教导使用AI帮助有需要的人。主语“students”和谓语动词teach之间是被动关系，且本句描述客观情况，应用一般现在时的被动语态，结构为“am/is/are + 过去分词”，主语是复数，be动词用are，teach的过去分词是taught。 9．句意：众所周知，AI只是一种工具。此处表示泛指“一种工具”，“tool”是辅音音素开头的可数名词，应用不定冠词a修饰。 10．句意：然而，我们绝不能让科技控制我们的思想。固定搭配let sb./sth. do sth.意为“让某人/某物做某事”，此处应用动词原形control。 （二） 阅读下面短文，根据语境或括号内提示填入一个适当的词或所给词的正确形式。 A Crosswalk That Waits The crosswalk outside Zhonghe Hospital has a button 1 allows people to request extra crossing time. It was designed for users 2 movement may be slow, including older people and patients with injuries. The system uses a small card 3 the hospital gives to patients who need it. When the card is held near the button, the green-light period is extended by twelve seconds. No name 4 location history is stored. The card simply sends a signal that means “more time needed.” During the first trial, the 5 (sensitive) of the reader was too low. Users had to hold the card in exactly the right place. Engineers changed the antenna, which improved its 6 (reliable). They also added a normal button for people 7 do not have a card but still need help. The crosswalk is a technology 8 success depends on more than electronics. Clear road markings, patient drivers and rules 9 are enforced all matter. The project shows that a smart city is not only a city that moves quickly. It is one 10 notices when some people need more time. 【答案】 1．that/which 2．whose 3．that/which 4．or 5．sensitivity 6．reliability 7．who/that 8．whose 9．that/which 10．that 【导语】本文介绍了中和医院外一条配备特殊按钮的人行横道，该按钮通过系统延长绿灯时间，为行动缓慢的人群提供便利，体现了智能城市关注弱势群体的设计理念。 【详解】1．句意：中和医院外的人行横道上有一个按钮，允许人们请求额外的过街时间。 此处为定语从句，先行词是a button，指物，从句缺主语，用关系代词that/which引导。 2．句意：它是为行动可能缓慢的用户设计的，包括老年人和受伤患者。此处为定语从句，先行词是users，从句中movement与users是所属关系，用关系代词whose表示“……的”。 3．句意：该系统使用一张医院发给有需要的患者的小卡片。此处为定语从句，先行词是a small card，指物，从句缺宾语，用关系代词that/which引导。 4．句意：不存储姓名或位置历史。否定句中并列两个名词name和location history，用并列连词or，表“姓名或位置历史”。 5．句意：在首次试验中，读取器的灵敏度太低。定冠词“the”后需接名词作主语。“sensitive”的名词形式为“sensitivity”，意为“灵敏度”。 6．句意：工程师更换了天线，这提高了其可靠性。形容词性物主代词its后需接名词，形容词reliable的名词形式是reliability，意为“可靠性”。 7．句意：他们还为没有卡但仍需要帮助的人增加了一个普通按钮。此处为定语从句，先行词是people，指人，从句缺主语，用关系代词who/that引导。 8．句意：人行横道是一项技术，其成功不仅仅依赖于电子设备。此处为定语从句，先行词是a technology，从句中success与technology是所属关系，用关系代词whose表示“技术的成功”。 9．句意：清晰的道路标记、耐心的司机和得到执行的规则都很重要。此处为定语从句，先行词是rules，指物，从句缺主语，用关系代词that/which引导。 10．句意：它是一座注意到有些人需要更多时间的城市。此处为定语从句，先行词是one（指代city），且是不定代词，从句缺主语，用关系代词that引导。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Path to a Better World核心语法精练 后缀-ty,-ity和定语从句（that和which引导） 目录 二、考点夯基 3 一、用所给单词的正确形式填空 3 二、单项选择 4 三、完成句子 7 四、选词填空 8 一、语法选择 9 二、短文填空 11 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1．possible 2．polluting 3．national 4．products 5．surprising 6．surprised 7．closely 8．safety 9．height 10．ability 11．possibility 12．responsibility 13．length 14．stability 15．strength 16．flexibility 17．has supplied 18．similarity 19．security 20．truth 二、单项选择。 1．A 2．B 3．A 4．B 5．B 6．B 7．B 8．B 9．A 10．B 三、完成句子。 1． continue direction 2．Thousands 3． come into 4． risk avoided 5．safety 6．that/which 7．Creativity 8．that/which 9．that 10． from side to side 4、 句型转换。 1．clean energy 2．come into reality 3．produce electricity 4．depends on 5．plenty of 6．is bad for 7．heat water 一、语法选择 1．C 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．A 6．B 7．B 8．B 9．D 10．D 二、语法填空 （一） 1．widely 2．choices 3．but 4．have made 5．abilities 6．when 7．to try 8．are taught 9．a 10．control （二） 1．that/which 2．whose 3．that/which 4．or 5．sensitivity 6．reliability 7．who/that 8．whose 9．that/which 10．that 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $