Unit 2 Great ideas单元题型练（语法选择+语法填空+阅读+完形+任务型阅读+写作）-2026-2027学年九年级英语上册（沪教版）

**基本信息** 以"伟大思想"为主题，通过历史故事与科学发现整合语言知识，实现语言能力与文化意识的协同培养。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |短文填空|3篇（晏子/包拯/阿基米德）|语境化语法填空|从词汇运用到语法规则，构建"人物智慧-语言结构"关联| |语法选择|1篇（田忌赛马）|时态/冠词/代词等语法点|以历史故事为载体，实现语法知识的情境化应用| |阅读理解|5篇（中外名人故事）|细节理解/推理判断/主旨归纳|通过多元文化素材，培养跨文化理解与逻辑思维| |任务型阅读|2篇（牛顿/便利贴）|信息提取/问题简答|从科学发现到发明故事，构建"观察-思考-创造"思维链| |完形填空|2篇（创新思维/嫘祖）|上下文语境理解|围绕创新主题，强化语篇连贯与词汇辨析能力| |书面表达|2题（科学发现/伟大创意）|说明性写作|整合语言知识与思维品质，实现输出能力的综合提升|

Unit 2 Great ideas 单元话题热点题型组合练 一、短文填空 Many years ago, there were many states (国家) in China. The State of Qi used to be very strong, but it became less powerful. Yan Zi was a wise man who gave 1 (suggest) to the king, so the king of Qi sent him to ask Chu to cooperate. The king of Chu knew Yan Zi was very short. He tried to make Yan Zi 2 (feel) shy about his height. When Yan Zi arrived, the guard told him to enter through the small gate. Yan Zi didn’t get mad 3 him. “Only a state of dogs will greet visitors with a gate for dogs. I’m visiting the State of Chu. This gate isn’t for me,” Yan Zi said. So the guard had to take him through the main gate. The king of Chu was unhappy at what Yan Zi did. “Why did Qi send YOU? Don’t they have anyone better?” the king tried another way. “If Qi meets a great king, it 4 (send) the best ambassador (使臣). I’m the 5 (bad). That’s why I’m here,” Yan Zi replied calmly (镇定地). At this time, a thief 6 (bring) by the guards to the king. The thief was from Qi. “Ha! Yan Zi, is Qi a state of thieves?” asked the king 7 (impolite). Yan Zi replied, “The orange trees south of Huai River produce big and delicious fruit, 8 the orange trees north of Huai River produce small and sour fruit. The environment makes the fruit grow differently. In Qi, people are good and honest, but here, they steal. What made 9 (they) qualities change here?” Finally, the king looked at Yan Zi and laughed, “I was wrong about you and your state!” The story of Yan Zi shows that we should make 10 effort to win others’ respect with our own courage and wisdom. 【答案】 1．suggestions 2．feel 3．at 4．will send 5．worst 6．was brought 7．impolitely 8．while 9．their 10．an 【导语】本文讲述晏子出使楚国，面对楚王三次刻意刁难，凭借智慧巧妙回击，最终赢得楚王尊重的故事，告诉我们要依靠自身勇气与智慧努力赢得他人尊重。 1．句意：晏子是一位给君王提建议的智者，于是齐王派他出使楚国，请求楚国与齐国合作。give后接名词作宾语，suggest为动词，使用复数名词形式。 2．句意：他想让晏子因身高感到难堪。make sb. do sth.“使某人做某事”，为固定搭配，make后搭配动词原形。 3．句意：晏子并没有对他发火。get mad at sb.“生某人的气”是固定短语，搭配介词at。 4．句意：如果齐国遇到贤明的君主，就会派遣最好的使臣。if引导条件状语从句，遵循主将从现规则，主句采用一般将来时。 5．句意：我是最差的使臣。前文出现the best，前后形成对应，bad需使用最高级。 6．句意：这时，一名小偷被侍卫带到楚王面前。by引出动作执行者表示被动，全文时态为一般过去时，使用一般过去时被动语态，主语为“a thief”，用was brought。 7．句意：楚王无礼地问道：“哈！晏子，齐国是出盗贼的国家吗？” 修饰动词asked需要使用副词，形容词impolite需转换为副词。 8．句意：淮河以南的橘树结出又大又甜的果子，然而淮河以北的橘树只结又小又酸涩的果子。前后两句语义存在转折对比关系，while可用于对比两件事物。 9．句意：是什么让他们的品性到了这里就改变了呢？修饰名词qualities需用形容词性物主代词，人称代词they需转换为形容词性物主代词。 10．句意：晏子的故事告诉我们，我们应当全力以赴，依靠自身的勇气与智慧赢得他人的尊重。“make an effort”为固定短语，搭配不定冠词。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Have you ever heard of Bao Zheng or Bao Qingtian? Today, I’m going to tell you a story about Bao, which is popular 1 Chinese people. A young boy made a living by selling fried dough sticks (油条) in the market 2 (he). One day he fell asleep on a rock after he got 100 copper coins. When he woke up, he 3 (sad) found his coins were gone. The boy cried because the money 4 (use) to pay for the medical treatment of his sick mother. Bao happened 5 (pass) through the market. After knowing about the situation, he ordered everyone in the market to put 6 coin into a basin (盆) filled with water. When a coin created an oil bloom (油花) in the water, Bao 7 (catch) the man who dropped the coin and told everyone that he stole the boy’s coins. Bao explained, “The boy was the only one who sold oily 8 (product) in the market 9 the man’s coin was the only one that created an oil bloom in the basin.” Many of the stories about Bao were made into some movies, novels, operas and so on. Today Bao is still considered as one of the 10 (great) officials in history and is loved by Chinese people. 【答案】 1．with/among 2．himself 3．sadly 4．was used 5．to pass 6．a 7．caught 8．products 9．and 10．greatest 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了包拯利用油花断案、帮卖油条男孩找回铜钱的故事。 1．句意：今天，我要给你讲一个关于包拯的故事，这个故事深受中国人喜爱。结合语境，这里表达“受中国人喜爱”的含义，be popular with/among sb.表示“受……欢迎”，贴合“包拯的故事被人们喜爱”的语境。应填with/among。 2．句意：一个小男孩靠自己在市场上卖油条谋生。结合语境，此处想要表达男孩独自谋生，句子需要体现“他自己”这一含义，因此使用人称代词对应的反身代词。应填himself。 3．句意：当他醒来时，他难过地发现他的铜钱不见了。结合语境，此处用来形容发现钱财丢失时的状态，该单词需要用来修饰后面的动词，要使用sad（形容词，悲伤的）对应的副词形式sadly（悲伤地）。 4．句意：男孩哭了，因为这些钱是用来支付他生病母亲的医疗费的。结合语境，钱财是被拿来支付医药费的，主语和动作之间存在被动关系，且文章讲述过去发生的事，故时态选用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为“was/were+过去分词”，“the money”视为第三人称单数，选用was，use的过去分词是used，应填was used。 5．句意：包拯碰巧经过市场。结合语境，此处表达包拯恰巧路过此地，happen to do可表示“碰巧做某事”，符合句子表达需求。应填to pass。 6．句意：了解情况之后，他命令市场上的每个人把一枚硬币放进装满水的盆里。结合语境，此处只是泛指一枚硬币，coin为可数名词单数且读音以辅音音素开头，要用对应的不定冠词。应填a。 7．句意：当一枚硬币在水中泛起油花时，包拯抓住了扔这枚硬币的人，并告知众人是他偷走了男孩的铜钱。结合语境，文章讲述过往的事件，整体使用过去时态，谓语动词要变为对应的过去式形式。应填caught。 8．句意：包拯解释说：“这个男孩是市场上唯一一个卖含油产品的人，而且这个人的硬币是盆里唯一泛起油花的。”结合语境，此处指代各类含油的货品，并非单一物品，可数名词要变为复数形式。应填products。 9．句意：包拯解释说：“这个男孩是市场上唯一一个卖含油产品的人，而且这个人的硬币是盆里唯一泛起油花的。”结合语境，前后两个分句陈述两件相关的事实，属于并列关系，需要用并列连词进行衔接。应填and。 10．句意：如今，包拯依旧被看作历史上最杰出的官员之一，也深受中国人民的爱戴。结合语境，“one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词”表示“最……之一”，因此要使用形容词的最高级形式。应填greatest。 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 A long time ago in ancient Greece, there lived a smart scientist named Archimedes. He was interested in numbers, shapes and how 1 (thing) worked. People from near and far often turned to him with problems. Archimedes always surprised them with clever answers. One day, King Hiero asked for his help. The king had ordered a crown maker 2 (make) a golden crown. Though the crown looked perfect, some people doubted that it was made of pure (纯的) gold. The king began to worry. Had the crown maker 3 (secret) mixed in some cheap silver? “I must know the truth,” he said to Archimedes, “but you must not break my crown.” Archimedes thought about the problem day and night. One afternoon, as he 4 (step) into his bath, he saw the water rise and run over the sides. Suddenly, he had 5 idea! Shouting “That’s it!”, he rushed out. Archimedes quickly set up his experiment. He filled a bowl 6 water and prepared two metal blocks (块)—one gold, one silver. Both were the same 7 (weigh) as the crown. First, he put in the silver 8 saw how much water ran over. Then he did the same with the gold and noticed that 9 (little) water ran over. Finally, he tested the crown. It pushed out more water than the gold block, proving the crown was not made of pure gold. Thanks to Archimedes’ sharp mind and a warm bath, the answer 10 (find) at last! 【答案】 1．things 2．to make 3．secretly 4．stepped 5．an 6．with 7．weight 8．and 9．less 10．was found 【导语】本文讲述了古希腊科学家阿基米德受国王所托，从洗澡水溢出的现象中得到启发，用排水法证实了皇冠并非纯金，展现了他的智慧。 1．句意：他对数字、形状以及事物如何运作感兴趣。根据“how...worked”可知，此处“thing”表示泛指的“事物”，应用复数形式。故填things。 2．句意：国王命令皇冠工匠制作一个金皇冠。根据“ordered a crown maker...”可知，“order sb. to do sth.”是固定搭配，意为“命令某人做某事”。故填to make。 3．句意：皇冠工匠是否偷偷混入了一些便宜的银？根据“mixed in”可知，此处需用副词修饰动词短语，“secret”的副词形式是“secretly”。故填secretly。 4．句意：一天下午，当他走进浴缸时，他看到水上升并溢出边缘。根据“he saw the water rise”可知，此处描述过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时，“step”的过去式是“stepped”。故填stepped。 5．句意：突然，他有了一个主意！根据“idea”是元音音素开头的可数名词单数，此处需用不定冠词“an”表示“一个”。故填an。 6．句意：他把一个碗装满水，准备了两块金属块——一块金的，一块银的。根据“filled a bowl...”可知，“fill...with...”是固定搭配，意为“用……装满……”。故填with。 7．句意：两块的重量都和皇冠一样。根据“the same...”可知，此处需用名词形式，“weigh”的名词是“weight”，“the same weight as”表示“和……重量相同”。故填weight。 8．句意：首先，他放入银块，然后看溢出了多少水。根据“put in the silver...saw how much water ran over”可知，此处是顺承关系，应用连词“and”连接两个动作。故填and。 9．句意：然后他对金块做了同样的操作，注意到溢出的水更少了。根据“than the gold block”可知，此处需用形容词比较级，“little”的比较级是“less”。故填less。 10．句意：多亏阿基米德的敏锐思维和一个热水澡，答案终于被找到了！根据“the answer...”可知，主语“answer”和“find”是被动关系，且描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态“was found”。故填was found。 二、语法选择 During the Warring States period (战国时期), the states were often at war. So, good military leaders (军事领袖) were important. One such leader 1 Tian Ji of the State of Qi． Tian Ji’s best friend was Sun Bin. After he 2 his job in the State of Wei for no good reason, Sun Bin moved to the State of Qi. At that time, horse racing was 3 most popular activity for the rich. People spent money 4 the races. Tian Ji was a fan of horse racing, but he wasn’t very good at it and always lost money. One day, Tian Ji lost the races again. He went home and felt sorry for 5 and when Sun Bin saw how sad Tian Ji was, he said, “Take me with you next time. Maybe I can help you win!” A week later, Sun Bin learned how the races worked very 6 . And he saw the horses 7 into three types according to speed — first-class horses were 8 and third-class horses were the slowest. Each type had their own race and people chose different 9 in each race. In order to win, a person only needed to win two of the three races. Sun Bin also noticed that each type had a saddle with different colors. This was to tell the different horses apart. 10 Tian Ji, Sun Bin developed a plan soon. 1．A．are B．were C．be D．was 2．A．has lost B．was losing C．lost D．loses 3．A．the B．an C．a D．/ 4．A．on B．at C．by D．with 5．A．his B．himself C．her D．herself 6．A．quick B．quiet C．quickly D．quietly 7．A．put B．puts C．are put D．were put 8．A．fastest B．the fastest C．beautiful D．most beautiful 9．A．times B．time C．types D．type 10．A．To help B．To see C．Help D．See 【答案】 1．D 2．C 3．A 4．A 5．B 6．C 7．D 8．B 9．C 10．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了战国时期齐国将领田忌喜爱赛马却屡屡失利，其好友孙膑在投奔齐国后，摸清赛马规则并为田忌制定取胜计策的故事背景。 1．句意：其中一位这样的领袖就是齐国的田忌。 are一般现在时，复数；were一般过去时，复数；be动词原形；was一般过去时，单数。根据 “全文讲述战国时期的故事，整体为一般过去时，主语 One such leader 是单数” 可知，谓语动词需用一般过去时的单数形式。故选 D。 2．句意：在他无故丢掉魏国的工作后，孙膑投奔了齐国。 has lost现在完成时，已经失去；was losing过去进行时，正在失去；lost一般过去时，失去；loses一般现在时，第三人称单数，失去。根据“after引导的时间状语从句描述过去发生的一次性动作，全文为一般过去时”可知，此处用一般过去时。故选C。 3．句意：那时，赛马是富人最受欢迎的活动。 the定冠词，表特指；an不定冠词，用于元音音素开头的单词前；a不定冠词，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；/零冠词。根据“most popular是形容词最高级，最高级前必须加定冠词 the”可知，此处用定冠词。故选A。 4．句意：人们在赛马比赛上花钱。 on介词，在…… 上；at介词，在…… 地点 / 时刻；by介词，通过…… 方式；with介词，和……一起 / 用……。根据“固定搭配spend money on sth.表示‘在某物 / 某事上花钱’”可知，此处用介词on。故选A。 5．句意：他回到家，为自己感到难过。 his形容词性 / 名词性物主代词，他的；himself反身代词，他自己；her形容词性物主代词，她的 / 人称代词宾格，她；herself反身代词，她自己。根据“主语he和宾语指代同一人，需用反身代词，且田忌是男性”可知，此处用himself。故选 B。 6．句意：一周后，孙膑很快弄明白了赛马的规则。 quick形容词，快速的；quiet形容词，安静的；quickly副词，快速地；quietly副词，安静地。根据“修饰动词learned需用副词，且语境表示‘快速弄明白’”可知，此处用quickly。故选C。 7．句意：而且他看到马根据速度被分为了三类。 put动词原形 / 过去式 / 过去分词，放 / 划分；puts一般现在时，第三人称单数，放 / 划分；are put一般现在时的被动语态，被放 / 被划分；were put一般过去时的被动语态，被放 / 被划分。根据“主语 the horses和动词put是被动关系，且全文为一般过去时”可知，此处用一般过去时的被动语态。故选D。 8．句意：一等马是跑得最快的，三等马是跑得最慢的。 fastest形容词最高级，最快的，缺少定冠词 the；the fastest形容词最高级，最快的；beautiful形容词原级，美丽的；most beautiful形容词最高级，最美的。根据“后文 the slowest是形容词最高级，此处与之对应，也用最高级，且最高级前需加 the，语境表示‘速度最快’”可知，此处用the fastest。故选B。 9．句意：每一类马都有各自的比赛，人们在每场比赛中选择不同的品种。 times名词复数，次数 / 时间；time名词单数，时间 / 次；types名词复数，种类；type名词单数，种类。根据“前文提到马被分为三类，且different后接可数名词复数，语境表示‘不同的种类’”可知，此处用types。故选C。 10．句意：为了帮助田忌，孙膑很快想出了一个计策。 To help动词不定式，为了帮助；To see动词不定式，为了看见；Help动词原形，帮助；See动词原形，看见。根据“此处用动词不定式作目的状语，语境表示‘帮助田忌’”可知，此处用To help。故选A。 三、阅读理解 The Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period were ages of great cultural development in China. Here are some great characters of that time. Shang Yang reformed many fields. Before the reform, he placed a log (原木) at the gate and promised (承诺), “if someone can move the log, he will get a reward.” No one believed him until someone moved the log, and Shang Yang really gave him a reward. Do you know Lu Ban lock? It is a removable toy. Lu Ban made it for his son. His son studied all night before opening it. He also invented many tools. Li Bing was an expert in water projects. He set up many water projects. Dujiangyan is the most famous. It made water helpful to the people. Once, an official fell unconscious (昏迷的). Everyone thought he was dead except Bian Que. Bian Que felt his weak pulse and said, “He will wake up in three days.” Two days later, the official woke up. Everyone was amazed. When Bo Ya played, even the horses looked up, listened to his music and stopped eating. Bo Ya’s friend, Zhong Ziqi, understood his music. They liked each other. After Ziqi died, Bo Ya broke his guqin and never played it any more. 1．Why did Shang Yang make a promise before the reform? A．To give people a reward. B．To sell the log at the market. C．To fix the gate of the building. D．To make people believe him. 2．What can we know from the passage? A．Lu Ban was an ancient inventor. B．Zhong Ziqi was good at playing the guqin. C．Li Bing did well in building houses. D．Bian Que once brought a dead person back to life. 3．What’s the main theme (主题) of the text? A．Famous people. B．Chinese medicine. C．Traditional music. D．Important inventions. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了春秋战国时期的五位著名历史人物商鞅、鲁班、李冰、扁鹊、伯牙的经典事迹，展现该时期文化与人才繁荣发展的景象。 1．根据表格第一栏中的“No one believed him until someone moved the log, and Shang Yang really gave him a reward.”可知，商鞅在变法前立木取信，兑现承诺是为了消除民众的疑虑，让人们相信他。 2．根据表格第二栏中的“Lu Ban made it for his son. His son studied all night before opening it. He also invented many tools.”可知，鲁班是古代的发明家。 3．根据文章开头的“Here are some great characters of that time.”及全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了商鞅、鲁班、李冰、扁鹊、伯牙等春秋战国时期的著名人物。 In the state of Qin, there was a man called Shang Yang. He worked out many reforms (改革) for the state, like paying more attention to farming and giving rewards (奖励) to soldiers who were successful when at war. But it was difficult to do these reforms at first. Most people didn’t trust Shang Yang. In order to solve this problem, Shang Yang came up with an idea. He put a thin wooden pole (杆) at the south gate of the Qin capital. Many people came to see him and the pole. Then, in front of the crowd, Shang Yang said loudly, “The man who takes this pole to the north gate will get 10 gold pieces.” It was a simple job and the reward was so large. However, some time passed and no one came out of the crowd. They all thought Shang Yang was making a joke. Hearing no answer, Shang Yang moved on and said, “The reward now goes to 50 gold pieces.” This reward was unbelievably large. Finally, a man came out of the crowd. He put the pole on his shoulder and walked to the north gate. True to his word, Shang Yang gave the man 50 gold pieces. After that, the people of Qin were all talking about what Shang Yang did about the pole. They believed he was a man of his word. So when Shang Yang began doing his reforms, the people followed him. Under these great reforms (改革), Qin grew stronger and stronger. At last, Qin made all the seven states into one empire (帝国). 1．What did the people feel when Shang Yang first offered 10 gold pieces? A．Bored and not interested. B．Not sure if the reward was real. C．Worried that the pole was too heavy. 2．What does the underlined part “a man of his word” mean in paragraph 7? A．A man who keeps his word. B．A man of few words. C．A man who likes to speak a lot. 3．After these great reforms, what happened in the history of China? A．The south gate fell down. B．The first empire of China appeared. C．The state of Qin became weaker and weaker. 4．What can we learn from the text? A．It’s difficult to do the reforms. B．Gold pieces can solve all problems. C．Keeping promises can achieve great things. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了商鞅在秦国推行改革时，通过立木为信的方式赢得百姓信任，从而顺利推行改革，使秦国逐渐强大并最终统一六国建立帝国的历史故事。文章通过这一事件强调了信守承诺的重要性。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“They all thought Shang Yang was making a joke.”可知，当商鞅最初提出10金奖励时，人们都认为他在开玩笑，即不确定奖励是否真实。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据文章第六段“True to his word, Shang Yang gave the man 50 gold pieces.”以及第七段“They believed he was a man of his word.”可知，商鞅信守承诺给了男人50金，因此“a man of his word”意为“信守承诺的人”。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“At last, Qin made all the seven states into one empire (帝国).”可知，在这些伟大的改革之后，中国历史上出现了第一个帝国——秦朝。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章整体内容，商鞅通过立木为信赢得百姓信任，从而顺利推行改革使秦国强大并统一六国，这说明了信守承诺可以成就大事。故选C。 Once upon a time, there lived a girl in ancient China named Mulan. Although her father was too old and weak to fight, he could still teach her to ride a horse and use a sword (剑). Girls usually did not learn these skills at that time. But Mulan’s father believed everyone should know how to fight, even girls. And Mulan also believed that girls could be as brave as men. One day, the emperor (皇帝) sent soldiers to Mulan’s village. Because war was coming, men were needed for the army. The army leader of the soldiers put up a list of names in the village square. Each name meant one man from each family. Mulan saw her father’s name on the list. She knew her father couldn’t fight in a war. Mulan’s brother was a little child. Only Mulan could take her father’s place. But the army did not take girls as replacements for fighting men. Quietly, the next morning, before her father could report for duty, Mulan stole her father’s armor (盔甲). She dressed herself up as a man. The soldiers accepted “him” in her father’s place. Mulan was very careful and fought bravely as other soldiers over the years. No one found that she was a girl. When the war was over, Mulan received a special award from the emperor for her courage. The emperor gave her a horse and a bag of treasure. Her family greeted her with joy. Her brother was pleased with the gift of her army clothes. Mulan dressed once again in the clothes of a woman. That evening, Mulan and her family got together to watch the sunset. Two of the men who had worked with Mulan in the war stopped by her home on their way home. When Mulan greeted them, they could not believe their eyes. One of them shouted, “Are you really Mulan?” After recalling many moments, they finally believed that Mulan was a woman. They spread Mulan’s story across China. It inspired many young women, and they wanted to learn to ride a horse and use a sword. 1．According to the passage, why did Mulan decide to join the army instead of her father? A．Because she dreamed of becoming a soldier and gaining honor. B．Because her father refused to fight for the emperor. C．Because her father was too old and weak, and her brother was too young. D．Because the army was specifically looking for female soldiers. 2．The underlined word “him” in Paragraph 4 refers to ______. A．Mulan’s father B．the military leader C．Mulan dressed as a man D．Mulan’s brother 3．What happened when two soldiers visited Mulan? A．They had known that Mulan was a woman all along. B．They were angry that Mulan had received an award. C．They did not recognize Mulan when she was dressed as a woman. D．They wanted to learn fighting skills from Mulan. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了中国古代女子花木兰女扮男装、代父从军，在战争中英勇作战，最终荣归故里并被世人传颂的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Although her father was too old and weak to fight, he could still teach her to ride a horse and use a sword (剑).”以及第三段中“Mulan saw her father’s name on the list. She knew her father couldn’t fight in a war. Mulan’s brother was a little child. Only Mulan could take her father’s place.”可知，父亲年老体弱，弟弟年幼，只有木兰能代替父亲。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“Mulan stole her father’s armor (盔甲). She dressed herself up as a man.”以及划线单词后的“in her father’s place”可知，士兵们接受的“他”，是指经过乔装打扮、假扮成男性的木兰本人，而非其父亲。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第六段中“When Mulan greeted them, they could not believe their eyes. One of them shouted, ‘Are you really Mulan?’”以及第七段中“After recalling many moments, they finally believed that Mulan was a woman.”可知，两位战友起初无法相信眼前身着女装的女子就是木兰，经过回忆才最终接受这一事实，这说明他们起初没有认出身着女装的木兰。故选C。 Zou Ji, who was an official (官员) of the Qi State, was a man of a pleasant appearance. To persuade (说服) King Wei of Qi to provide wide chances for the officials to show their ideas, he told this story: One morning, after he got dressed, he asked his wife a question,“Compared with Mr. Xu, who is better-looking, he or I?”“Of course you are. How can Mr. Xu compare with you?” his wife said. Mr. Xu was a famous and handsome man. Hearing this, Zou Ji didn’t believe it. On the second day, a guest came, so he asked the guest the same question. The guest answered, “How could Mr. Xu be better-looking than you?” A few days later, Mr. Xu came to visit Zou Ji. Zou Ji looked at Mr. Xu up and down and found that honestly, he was not the better-looking one of the two. Therefore, he said to King Wei of Qi. “I am actually not better-looking than Mr. Xu, but my wife and my guest both told me that I was better-looking than him. My wife protected me and my guest needed my help, so they both praised me. In the Qi State, everybody in the court (王宫) protects you, all the officials fear you and people all over the state want your help. Therefore, you must have received more praise than me.” Zou Ji also gave the advice. “If you can be perfectly honest and ask for advice, it will be good for our state.” After hearing Zou Ji’s words, the king sent a notice, saying that anyone who pointed out his mistakes face to face would get first prize. Anyone who criticized (批评) him in poems would get second prize. Anyone who criticized him in public would get third prize. As expected, people hurried to the king’s palace to show their opinions. The area in front of the palace gate was as busy as a market. 1．Why did Zou Ji tell the story to the king? A．To show the king his pleasant appearance. B．To warn the king to care more about his people. C．To introduce a famous person called Mr. Xu to the king. D．To ask the king to give people chances to show opinions. 2．What can we know about Zou Ji? A．Mr. Xu was handsomer than him in fact. B．Mr. Xu came to visit him to ask for help. C．He didn’t like people who were good looking. D．His wife told lies because she was afraid of him. 3．What advice did Zou Ji give to the king? A．The king should listen to different ideas. B．The king should teach his people to be honest. C．The king should invite people to visit his palace. D．The king should look for handsome people to help him. 4．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．The king’s palace became a market. B．The king followed Zou Ji’s suggestion. C．People didn’t like the king and criticized him. D．People could get gifts if they visited the king. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文主要讲述齐王为了让国家强大而寻求建议，邹忌献计被采纳后，齐王发布了一个告示——谁指出他的错误，就会得到奖赏。 1．细节理解题。根据“To persuade ( 说服) King Wei of Qi to provide wide chances for the officials to show their ideas, he told this story”可知，邹忌给齐王说故事的目的是为了让齐王给人们更多的机会表达自己的观点。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“Zou Ji looked at Mr. Xu up and down and found that honestly, he was not the better-looking one of the two.”可知，邹忌发现他自己不如徐公好看。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据“‘Therefore, you must have received more praise than me.” Zou Ji also gave the advice. “If you can be perfectly honest and ask for advice, it will be good for our state.’”可知，邹忌希望齐王可以广纳谏言，这样对国家有好处。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据“...As expected, people hurried to the king’s palace to show their opinions. The area in front of the palace gate was as busy as a market.”可知，国王听了邹忌的建议。国家的人民都向他进谏，宫殿门口像市场一样热闹。故选B。 Most people know Benjamin Franklin as a great writer and politician, but few know his brilliant scientific spirit. In the 18th century, lightning strikes often caused big fires and hurt people during thunderstorms. At that time, no one understood what lightning was. People feared it and thought it was a punishment from nature. As a man who loved thinking outside the box, Franklin refused to believe this superstitious idea. He kept observing lightning and asked himself many questions. To find out the truth, he came up with a brave experiment. He used a silk kite, a hemp string and a metal key to do the famous kite experiment in a thunderstorm. During the experiment, he felt a clear electric shock and proved that lightning was actually electricity in nature. This Eureka moment changed people’s understanding of lightning completely. Based on this discovery, Franklin invented the lightning rod. The simple but useful tool can take lightning into the ground and protect buildings from being damaged. Franklin’s success did not come by chance. Unlike many people who only wait for good ideas, he kept brainstorming and never had negative thinking. He was always satisfied with small progress and kept trying. His great idea solved a big safety problem and has had a widespread influence on the whole world. Even today, lightning rods are still widely used in all kinds of buildings. 1．What was people’s attitude towards lightning before Franklin’s discovery? A．They tried to study it. B．They were afraid of it. C．They thought it was useless. D．They tried to prevent it. 2．What can we learn about Franklin’s experiment? A．It was done in sunny weather. B．It used no metal materials. C．It helped him find the truth of lightning. D．It was a safe and easy experiment. 3．What is the function of the lightning rod? A．To produce electricity. B．To stop thunderstorms. C．To protect buildings from lightning. D．To make buildings beautiful. 4．Which of the following words can best describe Franklin? A．Creative and persistent. B．Careless and brave. C．Quiet and shy. D．Funny and outgoing. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，围绕富兰克林的风筝实验展开，介绍了他探索闪电本质、发明避雷针的过程，展现了敢于突破固有认知、勇于实践创新的科学精神。 1．第一段提到“People feared it and thought it was a punishment from nature.”，可知，在富兰克林发现真相之前，人们畏惧闪电。 2．第三段指出“he felt a clear electric shock and proved that lightning was actually electricity in nature.”，可知，风筝实验帮助他探明了闪电的本质。 3．第三段说明“The simple but useful tool can take lightning into the ground and protect buildings from being damaged.”，可知，避雷针的作用是保护建筑物免受雷击损坏。 4．通读全文可知，富兰克林不迷信固有认知、敢于大胆实验、坚持探索真理，是一位富有创造力且坚持不懈的人。 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。 Taking part in a “citizen (市民) science” project can help children feel part of a caring community and protect the planet. What is citizen science? These are projects led by scientists and supported by the public, and can include anything from stargazing (观星) to whale watching. 1 Anyone can be a citizen scientist. By counting, measuring, watching and listening, citizen scientists collect information that helps professional scientists and researchers to understand the world better. This important information can also show communities, businesses and governments how they can do more to protect the planet. 2 A citizen scientist works as part of a team to solve problems and make new discoveries. This is not only great for the planet but also good for you. Sabrina Romanoff, an expert, says teamwork helps you learn new skills and feel connected to others. 3 Taking action on a problem that’s important to you means you’re helping to find a solution (解决方法) — and you know you’re not facing it alone, Romanoff says. Citizen science projects encourage people to be kinder to the planet, so you can be proud that you’re making a difference. How to be a citizen scientist? It’s easy to take part in a citizen science project. You can even do it from your window. 4 You can spend one hour there counting the number of birds you watch. Your results help scientists follow bird species (物种) in the UK: which ones are doing well and which are in danger. If you are interested in insects, ask an adult to help you use the Seek by iNaturalist app. 5 The Natural History Museum has lots of citizen science projects for beginners, so ask an adult to help you search its website. A．How is helping good for you? B．You don’t need to be an expert to join in. C．There are several steps for you to be a citizen scientist. D．If you are a bird lover, join in the Big Garden Birdwatch in January. E．Research shows it also makes you feel happier and more confident. F．The app can tell plants and insects and add your findings to a worldwide survey. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．E 4．D 5．F 【导语】本文介绍了市民科学项目是什么、参加该项目的好处以及如何成为一名市民科学家。 1．前文介绍市民科学项目的含义，后文说任何人都可以成为市民科学家。B选项“You don’t need to be an expert to join in.”与前后文逻辑一致，点明了参与门槛低的特点。 2．此处需要一个小标题，本段主要介绍了参与市民科学的益处，A选项“How is helping good for you?”准确概括了本段主旨。 3．前文提到团队合作可以帮你学习新技能、和他人建立联系，E选项“Research shows it also makes you feel happier and more confident.”补充了另一项好处，also体现递进关系。 4．后文提到可以花一小时数你看到的鸟，D选项“If you are a bird lover, join in the Big Garden Birdwatch in January.”引出观鸟例子，逻辑连贯。 5．前文提到可以在大人帮助下使用Seek by iNaturalist这款应用程序，F选项“The app can tell plants and insects and add your findings to a worldwide survey.” 解释该app的功能及用途，逻辑连贯。 四、任务型阅读 请认真阅读下面短文，并根据短文内容回答问题。 We all know how Isaac Newton found out the law of gravity. Back in the 1660s, he saw an apple fall from a tree by chance. Newton was a curious person, so he didn’t just walk away. Instead, he wondered why the apple was drawn toward the earth. The rest, as they say, is history. Hundreds of years later, a similar thing took place with Alexander Fleming, a Scottish scientist who studied tiny living things. One day, he noticed mold growing in a small dish used for experiments. He followed his curiosity and later discovered penicillin (青霉素) . Like many of you, I heard stories like these when I was growing up. But now, as a researcher myself, I don’t just remember these stories. I also try to learn from them in my daily life. I am working on better ways to treat cancer. Since I started my job, I have been interested in nanotechnology (纳米技术) . I want to find out how this technology can help people fight cancer. At first, this was a new idea in this field. This curiosity made me study some special antibodies. These antibodies can help the immune system (免疫系统) become stronger to attack cancer cells. At the same time, they hardly hurt healthy cells. The more I learned about this, the more I wanted to find out more. Finally, my curiosity took me to the Maynard Lab at the University of Texas. This lab is a top place for antibody research. Moving to a new country was a big challenge for me. I also had to get used to a totally different research environment. Nothing was easy in the beginning, but the curiosity encouraged me to get through every difficulty. Without curiosity, I wouldn’t be where I am today. Curiosity is truly a strong power that helps people make new discoveries. I’m glad that I’ve never been afraid to try new and less common paths. Now, I can’t wait to see where my curiosity will take me next. 请将答案写在答题卡上 1．When might Newton start his research on the law of gravity? 2．Who discovered penicillin by following his curiosity? 3．What can nanotechnology help people do? 4．Why could the writer get through every difficulty? 5．What do you think curiosity can help you do in life? (请自拟一句话作答) 【答案】1．When he saw an apple fall from a tree by chance in the 1660s./In the 1660s. 2．Alexander Fleming. 3．This technology/It can help people fight cancer. 4．Because the curiosity encouraged the writer. 5．I think it can drive me to explore new knowledge. (言之有理即可) 【导语】本文通过牛顿和弗莱明的例子以及作者自身的科研经历，说明了好奇心是推动科学发现和克服困难的重要力量。 1．文章第1段“Back in the 1660s, he saw an apple fall from a tree by chance. Newton was a curious person, so he didn’t just walk away. Instead, he wondered why the apple was drawn toward the earth.（早在 17 世纪 60 年代，他偶然看到苹果从树上掉下来。牛顿是个好奇的人，因此没有直接走开。相反，他开始思考：为什么这颗苹果会被地球吸引？）”指出，1660年代他偶然看见苹果落地，由此产生疑问并开启相关研究，因此时间是in the 1660s。 2．文章第2段“Hundreds of years later, a similar thing took place with Alexander Fleming... He followed his curiosity and later discovered penicillin.（几百年后，类似的事情发生在亚历山大·弗莱明身上……他追随自己的好奇心，后来发现了青霉素。）”直接指出，发现青霉素的人是亚历山大·弗莱明。故填 Alexander Fleming. 3．文章第4段“I want to find out how this technology can help people fight cancer.（我想找出这项技术如何帮助人们对抗癌症。）”直接指出，纳米技术可以帮助人们对抗癌症。故填It can help people fight cancer. 4．文章第5段“Nothing was easy in the beginning, but the curiosity encouraged me to get through every difficulty.（起初一切都不容易，但好奇心鼓励我克服了每一个困难。）”直接指出，作者能克服困难是因为好奇心的鼓励。故填Because curiosity encouraged the writer. 5．本题是一道开放性试题，需要表达个人观点，言之有理即可。可围绕“学习新事物、解决问题、发现新知识”等展开，注意回答要完整、合理。 阅读下面短文，回答问题，每题答案不超过8个词。 The Post-it Note is one of the most recognizable office supplies in the world, but it was invented by accident. In 1968, Dr. Spencer Silver, a chemist at 3M Company, was trying to develop a super-strong adhesive for use in aircraft construction. Instead, he created a “low-tack” adhesive—one that stuck lightly to surfaces but could be easily removed without leaving residue. Silver was excited about his discovery, but for five years, no one at 3M could figure out a practical use for it. The adhesive was seen as a failure because it wasn’t strong enough. However, Silver didn’t give up. He gave talks and demonstrations within the company, hoping someone would see its potential. That someone was Art Fry, a colleague of Silver’s who sang in a church choir. Fry was frustrated because the slips of paper he used as bookmarks in his hymnal kept falling out. He remembered Silver’s adhesive and thought, “What if I coat these slips with that sticky stuff?” In 1974, Fry created the first prototype of the Post-it Note. He wrote on it, stuck it to a page, and it stayed put. When he removed it, the page was undamaged. Initially, 3M was hesitant to market the product. They thought nobody would want a note that didn’t stick permanently. But after a successful test run in offices, where employees loved the convenience, Post-it Notes were officially launched in 1980. Today, billions are sold annually. The story of the Post-it Note proves that accidents can lead to brilliant ideas if you have the creativity to see their value. 1．What was Spencer Silver originally trying to develop? 2．Why was the adhesive considered a failure at first? 3．What problem did Art Fry face with his hymnal bookmarks? 4．How did Fry use Silver’s adhesive to solve his problem? 5．What does the story of the Post-it Note teach us? 【答案】1．A super-strong adhesive. 2．It wasn’t strong enough. 3．They kept falling out. 4．By coating slips with it. 5．Accidents can lead to great ideas. 【导语】本文介绍便利贴偶然的发明过程，讲述化学家Spencer Silver研发弱粘性胶水，同事Art Fry将其改良创造便利贴，阐明意外也能催生绝妙创意的道理。 1．根据原文第一段“In 1968, Dr. Spencer Silver, a chemist at 3M Company, was trying to develop a super-strong adhesive for use in aircraft construction.”，Spencer Silver原本想要研发一种超强粘合剂。 2．根据原文第二段“The adhesive was seen as a failure because it wasn’t strong enough.”，这种粘合剂最初被视作失败品是因为粘性不够。 3．根据原文第三段“Fry was frustrated because the slips of paper he used as bookmarks in his hymnal kept falling out.”，Art Fry的赞美诗集书签总容易掉。 4．根据原文第三段“What if I coat these slips with that sticky stuff?”，他给书签纸片涂上了这款粘合剂。 5．根据原文最后一段“The story of the Post-it Note proves that accidents can lead to brilliant ideas if you have the creativity to see their value.”，这个故事告诉我们意外可以催生绝妙创意。 五、完形填空 根据短文内容，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个能填入相应空格内的最佳答案，并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。 Creative thinking is a precious ability for teenagers. It helps people break old rules and create new possibilities. All social progress comes from continuous observation and independent thinking. Great thinkers in history never stick to fixed rules blindly. Those wise minds dare to 1 old traditional ways and try creative methods. When most people accept common rules without doubt, they choose to think 2 the box and explore more chances. They believe truth always comes from constant practice and reflection. Creating new ideas is never easy. Many creative pioneers met lots of failures 3 they finally achieved great success. They never 4 their goals and kept practicing day after day. Their experience teaches us a meaningful 5 : creativity comes from persistence and courage. In modern society, creative thinking is more necessary than before. It helps us 6 different kinds of problems in study and daily life. Small creative ideas can bring huge changes to the whole world. We should 7 the spirit of great thinkers and keep improving ourselves. Long-term practice makes our mind much more 8 . We will no longer be fooled by wrong ideas and keep a 9 and clear mind. In general, creative thinking is the most 10 treasure for teenagers’ long-term development. 1．A．break B．follow C．copy D．repeat 2．A．in B．outside C．inside D．on 3．A．after B．before C．when D．while 4．A．gave up B．got up C．woke up D．stood up 5．A．story B．lesson C．speech D．skill 6．A．solve B．create C．invent D．discover 7．A．refuse B．doubt C．value D．ignore 8．A．foolish B．creative C．lazy D．strict 9．A．balanced B．boring C．simple D．messy 10．A．useless B．ordinary C．valuable D．common 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．B 4．A 5．B 6．A 7．C 8．B 9．A 10．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，围绕创造性思维展开，阐述创造性思维对青少年的重要意义，说明创造力来源于坚持与勇气，呼吁我们学习创新精神，不断提升自我。 1．句意：那些聪慧的头脑敢于打破传统方式，尝试有创造性的方法。 前文提到创造性思维帮助人们打破旧规则，break意为“打破”，契合敢于突破旧有模式的语境；follow“遵循”，copy“复制”，repeat“重复”，都和创新的含义相反。因此填break。 2．句意：当大多数人毫无质疑地接受通用规则时，他们选择跳出固有思维，发掘更多机会。 think outside the box是固定习语，意为“跳出思维定式”，对应创新思考；in“在里面”，inside“在内部”，on“在……之上”，不能构成该短语。因此填outside。 3．句意：许多创新先驱在最终取得巨大成功之前，遭遇过无数失败。 结合历史常识，先驱者都是历经失败之后才收获成功，before意为“在……之前”；after“在……之后”，when“当……时”，while“与此同时”，逻辑顺序不匹配。因此填before。 4．句意：他们从不放弃自己的目标，日复一日坚持实践。 后文“日复一日坚持实践”，说明没有放弃目标，gave up意为“放弃”；got up“起床”，woke up“醒来”，stood up“站起来”，和坚守目标的语境无关。因此填gave up。 5．句意：他们的经历给我们上了富有意义的一课：创造力源于坚持和勇气。 上文讲述先驱历经失败仍坚守目标，这一段经历带给我们启示，teach us a meaningful lesson表示“给我们富有意义的启迪”；story“故事”侧重叙事，speech“演讲”侧重口头发言，skill“技能”侧重实操本领，都无法体现前人经历带给我们的感悟启发。因此填lesson。 6．句意：它帮助我们解决学习与日常生活当中各式各样的问题。 联系语境，创造性思维的实际作用就是处理生活、学习遇到的各类难题，solve problems是固定搭配，意为“解决问题”；create“创造”，invent“发明”，discover“发现”，都不能和problems搭配表达处理难题这层含义。因此填solve。 7．句意：我们应当重视伟大思想家的精神，不断提升自我。 联系全文倡导创新思维，我们要珍视学习思想家的精神，value意为“重视；珍视”；refuse“拒绝”，doubt“怀疑”，ignore“忽视”，语义和文章主旨相悖。因此填value。 8．句意：长期练习会让我们的思维更具创造性。 整篇文章主题是创造性思维，长期练习会让思维变得更加有创造力，creative意为“有创造力的”；foolish“愚蠢的”，lazy“懒惰的”，strict“严格的”，不符合练习带来的改变。因此填creative。 9．句意：我们不会再被错误想法蒙蔽，并且保持平衡又清醒的头脑。 balanced and clear mind表示“平衡清醒的头脑”，对应不会被错误观点欺骗；boring“无聊的”，simple“简单的”，messy“混乱的”，和不受蒙蔽的状态矛盾。因此填balanced。 10．句意：总的来说，创造性思维对于青少年长远发展而言，是最宝贵的财富。 开篇点明创造性思维是珍贵的能力，valuable意为“有价值的、宝贵的”；useless“无用的”，ordinary“普通的”，common“常见的”，与文章褒扬创新思维的态度不符。因此填valuable。 阅读短文，理解其大意，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 In China, the Yellow Emperor is a name that everybody knows. He’s remembered as a smart ruler in ancient China. His wife, Leizu, was also 1 . At that time, people’s 2 were made of animal skins, which were not comfortable at all. What was worse, they were too heavy in summer. Leizu wanted to find a new 3 to make clothes. One day, Leizu was boiling water under a mulberry tree (桑树). She 4 that little worms (虫子) were eating the leaves of the tree. There were many small and strange white “fruits” on the tree. 5 , one of them fell into the hot water by accident. When Leizu took the white “fruit” out, she found it was actually made of long and thin threads (线). It seemed that the hot water made the threads fall apart. Leizu touched the soft silk threads and 6 a good idea. “If these threads can be woven (编织), I’ll be able to make clothes with them. Perhaps I could invent a machine to weave them into cloth.” After trying many times, Leizu finally 7 such a machine. With it, she turned the silk threads into a piece of cloth that was soft and light. People had worn animal skins for a long time, but no one had ever seen such a new thing before. They were very 8 about it. “It feels soft and is so light.” “What a wonderful invention!” “Clothes made of it must be 9 and beautiful.” Later, Leizu taught other people how to make silk. Soon, they began to wear clothes made of it. That was how the secret of silk was discovered in China. Over time, it 10 to other parts of the world and quickly won the hearts of people everywhere. 1．A．friendly B．patient C．pretty D．wise 2．A．toys B．tools C．clothes D．bags 3．A．place B．style C．material D．form 4．A．discovered B．believed C．mentioned D．explained 5．A．Suddenly B．Finally C．Fortunately D．Naturally 6．A．dreamed of B．thought of C．looked for D．asked for 7．A．destroyed B．required C．bought D．invented 8．A．worried B．excited C．angry D．nervous 9．A．comfortable B．simple C．heavy D．traditional 10．A．connected B．returned C．compared D．spread 【答案】 1．D 2．C 3．C 4．A 5．A 6．B 7．D 8．B 9．A 10．D 【导语】本文讲述嫘祖偶然发现蚕丝，发明织机，制成丝绸衣物，教会人们制丝，丝绸传播到世界各地的故事。 1．句意：他的妻子嫘祖也很聪慧。 前文说黄帝是聪明的统治者，also表示“也”，wise“聪慧的”对应前文smart。friendly“友好的”，patient“耐心的”，pretty“漂亮的”，和后文发明丝绸的事迹不匹配。 2．句意：在那时，人们的衣服由兽皮制成，一点也不舒服。 后文提到兽皮材质以及制作衣服，clothes“衣服”符合语境。toys“玩具”，tools“工具”，bags“包”，均与下文内容无关。 3．句意：嫘祖想要找到一种新的材料来制作衣服。 兽皮做的衣服穿着体验差，她需要找做衣服的新材料，material“材料”符合语境。place“地点”，style“款式”，form“形式”，均不符合句意。 4．句意：她发现小虫子正在吃树上的叶子。 此处指嫘祖观察到虫子啃食树叶，discovered“发现”符合语境。believed“相信”，mentioned“提及”，explained“解释”，均不符合当时的场景。 5．句意：突然，其中一个白色“果实”意外掉进热水里。 句中by accident表示“意外发生”，Suddenly“突然”契合突发事件。Finally“最终”，Fortunately“幸运地”，Naturally“自然地”，逻辑不匹配。 6．句意：嫘祖摸到柔软的丝线，想到一个好主意。 think of a good idea是固定搭配，表示“想出好主意”，thought of “想到”符合语境及搭配要求。dreamed of“梦想”，looked for“寻找”，asked for“索要”，均不搭配。 7．句意：经过很多次尝试，嫘祖终于发明了这样一台机器。 前文提到她想要发明机器，invented“发明”对应上文的invent。destroyed“毁坏”，required“需要”，bought“购买”，均与原文情节不符。 8．句意：人们对此非常兴奋。 人们从未见过这种新奇布料，内心是激动的，excited“兴奋的”符合情绪。worried“担心的”，angry“生气的”，nervous“紧张的”，感情色彩错误。 9．句意：用它做出来的衣服一定又舒服又好看。 前文描述布料柔软轻薄，comfortable“舒服的”对应兽皮的不舒适。simple“简单的”，heavy“沉重的”，traditional“传统的”，不符合对新布料的评价。 10．句意：随着时间推移，它传播到世界其他地方，迅速赢得各地人们的喜爱。 spread to为固定搭配，表示“传播到某地”，spread“传播”符合语境及搭配要求。connected“连接”，returned“返回”，compared“比较”，不符合丝绸向外流传的语境。 六、书面表达 1．历史上许多伟大的发明与科学发现都源于生活中的观察与思考。请以 Great Ideas Change the World 为题，写一篇英语短文，介绍一位你了解的科学家及其重要发现。 要求： 1.包含人物遇到的难题、灵感来源、解决过程、这项发现带来的影响； 2. 最后写出你的感悟； 3. 词数 80–100 词。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 例文： Great Ideas Change the World Many great discoveries come from daily observations. Isaac Newton is one of the greatest scientists. One day, while sitting under an apple tree, Newton saw an apple fall to the ground. He wondered why the apple always fell straight down instead of flying into the sky. To solve this puzzle, he spent years doing research and calculations. Finally, he discovered gravity. This great discovery not only explained the movement of planets, but also changed how humans understand the universe. From Newton’s story, I learn that curiosity and careful observation are keys to success. Great ideas can truly change the world. [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：记叙文，叙述科学家的发现过程及历史影响使用一般过去时，阐述客观事实及个人感悟使用一般现在时 明确要点：人物及灵感来源、面临的难题、解决过程、该项发现的影响、个人感悟 确定人称：第三人称（he/Newton）叙述故事，第一人称（I）抒发感悟 注意事项：紧扣题目“Great Ideas Change the World”；要点齐全；词数80–100词 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段：总起点题，指出伟大的发现源于生活观察，引出要介绍的科学家Isaac Newton 主体段：按叙事逻辑详述灵感来源（苹果落地）、思考难题、研究过程以及该发现对人类认识宇宙的深远影响 结尾段：总结个人启示，强调好奇心和细致观察的重要性，呼应短文主题 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：人物引入与灵感来源 背景与人物：Many great discoveries come from daily observations/Isaac Newton is one of the greatest scientists/great ideas come from life/Archimedes was a famous scientist/Tu Youyou is a great scientist等 灵感来源：while sitting under an apple tree, Newton saw an apple fall to the ground/get inspiration from nature/an apple dropped from a tree/notice something unusual in daily life等 要点二：难题与解决过程 思考难题：He wondered why the apple always fell straight down instead of flying into the sky/face a tough problem/try to find the reason/be curious about natural phenomena等 解决过程：To solve this puzzle, he spent years doing research and calculations/Finally, he discovered gravity/do countless experiments/work day and night/find the truth through hard work等 要点三：影响与感悟 发现影响：This great discovery not only explained the movement of planets, but also changed how humans understand the universe/make a huge difference to the world/help people explore nature/change science forever等 个人感悟：From Newton’s story, I learn that curiosity and careful observation are keys to success/Great ideas can truly change the world/never stop exploring/be brave to think and create等 2．从古至今，许多伟大的创意都源于人们遇到的难题。为锻炼同学们叙事与说明类写作能力，英语课开展写作练习。请你选取一个知名伟大创意，以 A Brilliant Idea That Changed Lives 为题写一篇英语短文。 内容必须包含： 1.当时人们亟待解决的难题是什么； 2.是谁想出这个绝妙创意； 3.这个创意是什么、如何解决了难题； 4.该创意对人类生活带来的深远影响。 注意： 1.文中不得出现真实人名、校名； 2.行文流畅，句式多样，词数 80–100 词； ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 A Brilliant Idea That Changed Lives Many great ideas come from solving hard problems, and papermaking is such a wonderful example. In ancient China, people wrote on heavy bamboo slips or expensive silk. It was hard for common people to record and spread knowledge. Cai Lun came up with a creative idea. He used cheap materials like tree bark and old cloth to make paper. After lots of experiments, he finally made light and affordable paper. Thanks to this great idea, knowledge spread quickly around the world. It makes our study and communication much easier. I realize small creative ideas can change the whole world. 写作步骤 ［第一步：审题立意］ 确定文体：说明叙事结合的英语说明文，主体叙事用一般过去时，描述长期影响使用现在完成时 明确要点：待解决的难题（书写材料笨重昂贵）、创意提出者（蔡伦）、创意内容与解决过程（利用廉价材料造纸）、创意带来的生活影响（知识传播、改变世界） 确定人称：第一人称 I（用于结尾感悟）；第三人称 he/it（用于叙述故事） 注意事项：文中不得出现真实姓名、校名（除历史人物外） ［第二步：构思布局］ 三段式结构： 开头段：总起句，概括主题（伟大的创意源于解决难题），引出下文例子 主体段：分别介绍当时的困难背景、创意的产生及具体实施过程 结尾段：总结感受，升华主题（强调该创意对世界的深远影响） ［第三步：要点展开］ 要点一：当时人们亟待解决的难题      地点/时间选择：In ancient China / Long ago等      状况描述：wrote on heavy bamboo slips or expensive silk（写在沉重的竹简或昂贵的丝绸上）等 作用效果：hard for common people to record and spread knowledge（普通人很难记录和传播知识）、 inconvenient（不方便的）、costly（昂贵的）、burden（负担）等 要点二：创意内容与解决过程     人物动作：came up with a creative idea（想出了一个绝妙的主意）、invented（发明）、devise（设计）、propose（提议）等      具体做法：used cheap materials like tree bark and old cloth（使用像树皮和旧布这样的廉价材料）、 raw materials（原材料）、recycle（回收利用）、experiment（实验）等 最终结果：made light and affordable paper（造出了轻便且买得起的纸）、 durable（耐用的）、high-quality（高质量的）、success（成功）等 要点三：创意带来的生活影响与个人感悟     对世界的影响：knowledge spread quickly around the world（知识迅速传遍世界）、 civilization（文明）、promote（促进）、global（全球的）等       对生活的作用：makes our study and communication much easier（使我们的学习和交流变得更容易）、efficient（高效的）、convenient（便利的）、bridge（桥梁）等       个人感悟：realize small creative ideas can change the whole world（意识到小小的创意可以改变整个世界）、 inspire（启发）、innovation（创新）、significance（意义）等 2 / 26 1 / 26 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Great ideas 单元话题热点题型组合练 一、短文填空 Many years ago, there were many states (国家) in China. The State of Qi used to be very strong, but it became less powerful. Yan Zi was a wise man who gave 1 (suggest) to the king, so the king of Qi sent him to ask Chu to cooperate. The king of Chu knew Yan Zi was very short. He tried to make Yan Zi 2 (feel) shy about his height. When Yan Zi arrived, the guard told him to enter through the small gate. Yan Zi didn’t get mad 3 him. “Only a state of dogs will greet visitors with a gate for dogs. I’m visiting the State of Chu. This gate isn’t for me,” Yan Zi said. So the guard had to take him through the main gate. The king of Chu was unhappy at what Yan Zi did. “Why did Qi send YOU? Don’t they have anyone better?” the king tried another way. “If Qi meets a great king, it 4 (send) the best ambassador (使臣). I’m the 5 (bad). That’s why I’m here,” Yan Zi replied calmly (镇定地). At this time, a thief 6 (bring) by the guards to the king. The thief was from Qi. “Ha! Yan Zi, is Qi a state of thieves?” asked the king 7 (impolite). Yan Zi replied, “The orange trees south of Huai River produce big and delicious fruit, 8 the orange trees north of Huai River produce small and sour fruit. The environment makes the fruit grow differently. In Qi, people are good and honest, but here, they steal. What made 9 (they) qualities change here?” Finally, the king looked at Yan Zi and laughed, “I was wrong about you and your state!” The story of Yan Zi shows that we should make 10 effort to win others’ respect with our own courage and wisdom. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Have you ever heard of Bao Zheng or Bao Qingtian? Today, I’m going to tell you a story about Bao, which is popular 1 Chinese people. A young boy made a living by selling fried dough sticks (油条) in the market 2 (he). One day he fell asleep on a rock after he got 100 copper coins. When he woke up, he 3 (sad) found his coins were gone. The boy cried because the money 4 (use) to pay for the medical treatment of his sick mother. Bao happened 5 (pass) through the market. After knowing about the situation, he ordered everyone in the market to put 6 coin into a basin (盆) filled with water. When a coin created an oil bloom (油花) in the water, Bao 7 (catch) the man who dropped the coin and told everyone that he stole the boy’s coins. Bao explained, “The boy was the only one who sold oily 8 (product) in the market 9 the man’s coin was the only one that created an oil bloom in the basin.” Many of the stories about Bao were made into some movies, novels, operas and so on. Today Bao is still considered as one of the 10 (great) officials in history and is loved by Chinese people. 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 A long time ago in ancient Greece, there lived a smart scientist named Archimedes. He was interested in numbers, shapes and how 1 (thing) worked. People from near and far often turned to him with problems. Archimedes always surprised them with clever answers. One day, King Hiero asked for his help. The king had ordered a crown maker 2 (make) a golden crown. Though the crown looked perfect, some people doubted that it was made of pure (纯的) gold. The king began to worry. Had the crown maker 3 (secret) mixed in some cheap silver? “I must know the truth,” he said to Archimedes, “but you must not break my crown.” Archimedes thought about the problem day and night. One afternoon, as he 4 (step) into his bath, he saw the water rise and run over the sides. Suddenly, he had 5 idea! Shouting “That’s it!”, he rushed out. Archimedes quickly set up his experiment. He filled a bowl 6 water and prepared two metal blocks (块)—one gold, one silver. Both were the same 7 (weigh) as the crown. First, he put in the silver 8 saw how much water ran over. Then he did the same with the gold and noticed that 9 (little) water ran over. Finally, he tested the crown. It pushed out more water than the gold block, proving the crown was not made of pure gold. Thanks to Archimedes’ sharp mind and a warm bath, the answer 10 (find) at last! 二、语法选择 During the Warring States period (战国时期), the states were often at war. So, good military leaders (军事领袖) were important. One such leader 1 Tian Ji of the State of Qi． Tian Ji’s best friend was Sun Bin. After he 2 his job in the State of Wei for no good reason, Sun Bin moved to the State of Qi. At that time, horse racing was 3 most popular activity for the rich. People spent money 4 the races. Tian Ji was a fan of horse racing, but he wasn’t very good at it and always lost money. One day, Tian Ji lost the races again. He went home and felt sorry for 5 and when Sun Bin saw how sad Tian Ji was, he said, “Take me with you next time. Maybe I can help you win!” A week later, Sun Bin learned how the races worked very 6 . And he saw the horses 7 into three types according to speed — first-class horses were 8 and third-class horses were the slowest. Each type had their own race and people chose different 9 in each race. In order to win, a person only needed to win two of the three races. Sun Bin also noticed that each type had a saddle with different colors. This was to tell the different horses apart. 10 Tian Ji, Sun Bin developed a plan soon. 1．A．are B．were C．be D．was 2．A．has lost B．was losing C．lost D．loses 3．A．the B．an C．a D．/ 4．A．on B．at C．by D．with 5．A．his B．himself C．her D．herself 6．A．quick B．quiet C．quickly D．quietly 7．A．put B．puts C．are put D．were put 8．A．fastest B．the fastest C．beautiful D．most beautiful 9．A．times B．time C．types D．type 10．A．To help B．To see C．Help D．See 三、阅读理解 The Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period were ages of great cultural development in China. Here are some great characters of that time. Shang Yang reformed many fields. Before the reform, he placed a log (原木) at the gate and promised (承诺), “if someone can move the log, he will get a reward.” No one believed him until someone moved the log, and Shang Yang really gave him a reward. Do you know Lu Ban lock? It is a removable toy. Lu Ban made it for his son. His son studied all night before opening it. He also invented many tools. Li Bing was an expert in water projects. He set up many water projects. Dujiangyan is the most famous. It made water helpful to the people. Once, an official fell unconscious (昏迷的). Everyone thought he was dead except Bian Que. Bian Que felt his weak pulse and said, “He will wake up in three days.” Two days later, the official woke up. Everyone was amazed. When Bo Ya played, even the horses looked up, listened to his music and stopped eating. Bo Ya’s friend, Zhong Ziqi, understood his music. They liked each other. After Ziqi died, Bo Ya broke his guqin and never played it any more. 1．Why did Shang Yang make a promise before the reform? A．To give people a reward. B．To sell the log at the market. C．To fix the gate of the building. D．To make people believe him. 2．What can we know from the passage? A．Lu Ban was an ancient inventor. B．Zhong Ziqi was good at playing the guqin. C．Li Bing did well in building houses. D．Bian Que once brought a dead person back to life. 3．What’s the main theme (主题) of the text? A．Famous people. B．Chinese medicine. C．Traditional music. D．Important inventions. In the state of Qin, there was a man called Shang Yang. He worked out many reforms (改革) for the state, like paying more attention to farming and giving rewards (奖励) to soldiers who were successful when at war. But it was difficult to do these reforms at first. Most people didn’t trust Shang Yang. In order to solve this problem, Shang Yang came up with an idea. He put a thin wooden pole (杆) at the south gate of the Qin capital. Many people came to see him and the pole. Then, in front of the crowd, Shang Yang said loudly, “The man who takes this pole to the north gate will get 10 gold pieces.” It was a simple job and the reward was so large. However, some time passed and no one came out of the crowd. They all thought Shang Yang was making a joke. Hearing no answer, Shang Yang moved on and said, “The reward now goes to 50 gold pieces.” This reward was unbelievably large. Finally, a man came out of the crowd. He put the pole on his shoulder and walked to the north gate. True to his word, Shang Yang gave the man 50 gold pieces. After that, the people of Qin were all talking about what Shang Yang did about the pole. They believed he was a man of his word. So when Shang Yang began doing his reforms, the people followed him. Under these great reforms (改革), Qin grew stronger and stronger. At last, Qin made all the seven states into one empire (帝国). 1．What did the people feel when Shang Yang first offered 10 gold pieces? A．Bored and not interested. B．Not sure if the reward was real. C．Worried that the pole was too heavy. 2．What does the underlined part “a man of his word” mean in paragraph 7? A．A man who keeps his word. B．A man of few words. C．A man who likes to speak a lot. 3．After these great reforms, what happened in the history of China? A．The south gate fell down. B．The first empire of China appeared. C．The state of Qin became weaker and weaker. 4．What can we learn from the text? A．It’s difficult to do the reforms. B．Gold pieces can solve all problems. C．Keeping promises can achieve great things. Once upon a time, there lived a girl in ancient China named Mulan. Although her father was too old and weak to fight, he could still teach her to ride a horse and use a sword (剑). Girls usually did not learn these skills at that time. But Mulan’s father believed everyone should know how to fight, even girls. And Mulan also believed that girls could be as brave as men. One day, the emperor (皇帝) sent soldiers to Mulan’s village. Because war was coming, men were needed for the army. The army leader of the soldiers put up a list of names in the village square. Each name meant one man from each family. Mulan saw her father’s name on the list. She knew her father couldn’t fight in a war. Mulan’s brother was a little child. Only Mulan could take her father’s place. But the army did not take girls as replacements for fighting men. Quietly, the next morning, before her father could report for duty, Mulan stole her father’s armor (盔甲). She dressed herself up as a man. The soldiers accepted “him” in her father’s place. Mulan was very careful and fought bravely as other soldiers over the years. No one found that she was a girl. When the war was over, Mulan received a special award from the emperor for her courage. The emperor gave her a horse and a bag of treasure. Her family greeted her with joy. Her brother was pleased with the gift of her army clothes. Mulan dressed once again in the clothes of a woman. That evening, Mulan and her family got together to watch the sunset. Two of the men who had worked with Mulan in the war stopped by her home on their way home. When Mulan greeted them, they could not believe their eyes. One of them shouted, “Are you really Mulan?” After recalling many moments, they finally believed that Mulan was a woman. They spread Mulan’s story across China. It inspired many young women, and they wanted to learn to ride a horse and use a sword. 1．According to the passage, why did Mulan decide to join the army instead of her father? A．Because she dreamed of becoming a soldier and gaining honor. B．Because her father refused to fight for the emperor. C．Because her father was too old and weak, and her brother was too young. D．Because the army was specifically looking for female soldiers. 2．The underlined word “him” in Paragraph 4 refers to ______. A．Mulan’s father B．the military leader C．Mulan dressed as a man D．Mulan’s brother 3．What happened when two soldiers visited Mulan? A．They had known that Mulan was a woman all along. B．They were angry that Mulan had received an award. C．They did not recognize Mulan when she was dressed as a woman. D．They wanted to learn fighting skills from Mulan. Zou Ji, who was an official (官员) of the Qi State, was a man of a pleasant appearance. To persuade (说服) King Wei of Qi to provide wide chances for the officials to show their ideas, he told this story: One morning, after he got dressed, he asked his wife a question,“Compared with Mr. Xu, who is better-looking, he or I?”“Of course you are. How can Mr. Xu compare with you?” his wife said. Mr. Xu was a famous and handsome man. Hearing this, Zou Ji didn’t believe it. On the second day, a guest came, so he asked the guest the same question. The guest answered, “How could Mr. Xu be better-looking than you?” A few days later, Mr. Xu came to visit Zou Ji. Zou Ji looked at Mr. Xu up and down and found that honestly, he was not the better-looking one of the two. Therefore, he said to King Wei of Qi. “I am actually not better-looking than Mr. Xu, but my wife and my guest both told me that I was better-looking than him. My wife protected me and my guest needed my help, so they both praised me. In the Qi State, everybody in the court (王宫) protects you, all the officials fear you and people all over the state want your help. Therefore, you must have received more praise than me.” Zou Ji also gave the advice. “If you can be perfectly honest and ask for advice, it will be good for our state.” After hearing Zou Ji’s words, the king sent a notice, saying that anyone who pointed out his mistakes face to face would get first prize. Anyone who criticized (批评) him in poems would get second prize. Anyone who criticized him in public would get third prize. As expected, people hurried to the king’s palace to show their opinions. The area in front of the palace gate was as busy as a market. 1．Why did Zou Ji tell the story to the king? A．To show the king his pleasant appearance. B．To warn the king to care more about his people. C．To introduce a famous person called Mr. Xu to the king. D．To ask the king to give people chances to show opinions. 2．What can we know about Zou Ji? A．Mr. Xu was handsomer than him in fact. B．Mr. Xu came to visit him to ask for help. C．He didn’t like people who were good looking. D．His wife told lies because she was afraid of him. 3．What advice did Zou Ji give to the king? A．The king should listen to different ideas. B．The king should teach his people to be honest. C．The king should invite people to visit his palace. D．The king should look for handsome people to help him. 4．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．The king’s palace became a market. B．The king followed Zou Ji’s suggestion. C．People didn’t like the king and criticized him. D．People could get gifts if they visited the king. Most people know Benjamin Franklin as a great writer and politician, but few know his brilliant scientific spirit. In the 18th century, lightning strikes often caused big fires and hurt people during thunderstorms. At that time, no one understood what lightning was. People feared it and thought it was a punishment from nature. As a man who loved thinking outside the box, Franklin refused to believe this superstitious idea. He kept observing lightning and asked himself many questions. To find out the truth, he came up with a brave experiment. He used a silk kite, a hemp string and a metal key to do the famous kite experiment in a thunderstorm. During the experiment, he felt a clear electric shock and proved that lightning was actually electricity in nature. This Eureka moment changed people’s understanding of lightning completely. Based on this discovery, Franklin invented the lightning rod. The simple but useful tool can take lightning into the ground and protect buildings from being damaged. Franklin’s success did not come by chance. Unlike many people who only wait for good ideas, he kept brainstorming and never had negative thinking. He was always satisfied with small progress and kept trying. His great idea solved a big safety problem and has had a widespread influence on the whole world. Even today, lightning rods are still widely used in all kinds of buildings. 1．What was people’s attitude towards lightning before Franklin’s discovery? A．They tried to study it. B．They were afraid of it. C．They thought it was useless. D．They tried to prevent it. 2．What can we learn about Franklin’s experiment? A．It was done in sunny weather. B．It used no metal materials. C．It helped him find the truth of lightning. D．It was a safe and easy experiment. 3．What is the function of the lightning rod? A．To produce electricity. B．To stop thunderstorms. C．To protect buildings from lightning. D．To make buildings beautiful. 4．Which of the following words can best describe Franklin? A．Creative and persistent. B．Careless and brave. C．Quiet and shy. D．Funny and outgoing. 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。 Taking part in a “citizen (市民) science” project can help children feel part of a caring community and protect the planet. What is citizen science? These are projects led by scientists and supported by the public, and can include anything from stargazing (观星) to whale watching. 1 Anyone can be a citizen scientist. By counting, measuring, watching and listening, citizen scientists collect information that helps professional scientists and researchers to understand the world better. This important information can also show communities, businesses and governments how they can do more to protect the planet. 2 A citizen scientist works as part of a team to solve problems and make new discoveries. This is not only great for the planet but also good for you. Sabrina Romanoff, an expert, says teamwork helps you learn new skills and feel connected to others. 3 Taking action on a problem that’s important to you means you’re helping to find a solution (解决方法) — and you know you’re not facing it alone, Romanoff says. Citizen science projects encourage people to be kinder to the planet, so you can be proud that you’re making a difference. How to be a citizen scientist? It’s easy to take part in a citizen science project. You can even do it from your window. 4 You can spend one hour there counting the number of birds you watch. Your results help scientists follow bird species (物种) in the UK: which ones are doing well and which are in danger. If you are interested in insects, ask an adult to help you use the Seek by iNaturalist app. 5 The Natural History Museum has lots of citizen science projects for beginners, so ask an adult to help you search its website. A．How is helping good for you? B．You don’t need to be an expert to join in. C．There are several steps for you to be a citizen scientist. D．If you are a bird lover, join in the Big Garden Birdwatch in January. E．Research shows it also makes you feel happier and more confident. F．The app can tell plants and insects and add your findings to a worldwide survey. 四、任务型阅读 请认真阅读下面短文，并根据短文内容回答问题。 We all know how Isaac Newton found out the law of gravity. Back in the 1660s, he saw an apple fall from a tree by chance. Newton was a curious person, so he didn’t just walk away. Instead, he wondered why the apple was drawn toward the earth. The rest, as they say, is history. Hundreds of years later, a similar thing took place with Alexander Fleming, a Scottish scientist who studied tiny living things. One day, he noticed mold growing in a small dish used for experiments. He followed his curiosity and later discovered penicillin (青霉素) . Like many of you, I heard stories like these when I was growing up. But now, as a researcher myself, I don’t just remember these stories. I also try to learn from them in my daily life. I am working on better ways to treat cancer. Since I started my job, I have been interested in nanotechnology (纳米技术) . I want to find out how this technology can help people fight cancer. At first, this was a new idea in this field. This curiosity made me study some special antibodies. These antibodies can help the immune system (免疫系统) become stronger to attack cancer cells. At the same time, they hardly hurt healthy cells. The more I learned about this, the more I wanted to find out more. Finally, my curiosity took me to the Maynard Lab at the University of Texas. This lab is a top place for antibody research. Moving to a new country was a big challenge for me. I also had to get used to a totally different research environment. Nothing was easy in the beginning, but the curiosity encouraged me to get through every difficulty. Without curiosity, I wouldn’t be where I am today. Curiosity is truly a strong power that helps people make new discoveries. I’m glad that I’ve never been afraid to try new and less common paths. Now, I can’t wait to see where my curiosity will take me next. 请将答案写在答题卡上 1．When might Newton start his research on the law of gravity? 2．Who discovered penicillin by following his curiosity? 3．What can nanotechnology help people do? 4．Why could the writer get through every difficulty? 5．What do you think curiosity can help you do in life? (请自拟一句话作答) 阅读下面短文，回答问题，每题答案不超过8个词。 The Post-it Note is one of the most recognizable office supplies in the world, but it was invented by accident. In 1968, Dr. Spencer Silver, a chemist at 3M Company, was trying to develop a super-strong adhesive for use in aircraft construction. Instead, he created a “low-tack” adhesive—one that stuck lightly to surfaces but could be easily removed without leaving residue. Silver was excited about his discovery, but for five years, no one at 3M could figure out a practical use for it. The adhesive was seen as a failure because it wasn’t strong enough. However, Silver didn’t give up. He gave talks and demonstrations within the company, hoping someone would see its potential. That someone was Art Fry, a colleague of Silver’s who sang in a church choir. Fry was frustrated because the slips of paper he used as bookmarks in his hymnal kept falling out. He remembered Silver’s adhesive and thought, “What if I coat these slips with that sticky stuff?” In 1974, Fry created the first prototype of the Post-it Note. He wrote on it, stuck it to a page, and it stayed put. When he removed it, the page was undamaged. Initially, 3M was hesitant to market the product. They thought nobody would want a note that didn’t stick permanently. But after a successful test run in offices, where employees loved the convenience, Post-it Notes were officially launched in 1980. Today, billions are sold annually. The story of the Post-it Note proves that accidents can lead to brilliant ideas if you have the creativity to see their value. 1．What was Spencer Silver originally trying to develop? 2．Why was the adhesive considered a failure at first? 3．What problem did Art Fry face with his hymnal bookmarks? 4．How did Fry use Silver’s adhesive to solve his problem? 5．What does the story of the Post-it Note teach us? 五、完形填空 根据短文内容，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个能填入相应空格内的最佳答案，并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。 Creative thinking is a precious ability for teenagers. It helps people break old rules and create new possibilities. All social progress comes from continuous observation and independent thinking. Great thinkers in history never stick to fixed rules blindly. Those wise minds dare to 1 old traditional ways and try creative methods. When most people accept common rules without doubt, they choose to think 2 the box and explore more chances. They believe truth always comes from constant practice and reflection. Creating new ideas is never easy. Many creative pioneers met lots of failures 3 they finally achieved great success. They never 4 their goals and kept practicing day after day. Their experience teaches us a meaningful 5 : creativity comes from persistence and courage. In modern society, creative thinking is more necessary than before. It helps us 6 different kinds of problems in study and daily life. Small creative ideas can bring huge changes to the whole world. We should 7 the spirit of great thinkers and keep improving ourselves. Long-term practice makes our mind much more 8 . We will no longer be fooled by wrong ideas and keep a 9 and clear mind. In general, creative thinking is the most 10 treasure for teenagers’ long-term development. 1．A．break B．follow C．copy D．repeat 2．A．in B．outside C．inside D．on 3．A．after B．before C．when D．while 4．A．gave up B．got up C．woke up D．stood up 5．A．story B．lesson C．speech D．skill 6．A．solve B．create C．invent D．discover 7．A．refuse B．doubt C．value D．ignore 8．A．foolish B．creative C．lazy D．strict 9．A．balanced B．boring C．simple D．messy 10．A．useless B．ordinary C．valuable D．common 阅读短文，理解其大意，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 In China, the Yellow Emperor is a name that everybody knows. He’s remembered as a smart ruler in ancient China. His wife, Leizu, was also 1 . At that time, people’s 2 were made of animal skins, which were not comfortable at all. What was worse, they were too heavy in summer. Leizu wanted to find a new 3 to make clothes. One day, Leizu was boiling water under a mulberry tree (桑树). She 4 that little worms (虫子) were eating the leaves of the tree. There were many small and strange white “fruits” on the tree. 5 , one of them fell into the hot water by accident. When Leizu took the white “fruit” out, she found it was actually made of long and thin threads (线). It seemed that the hot water made the threads fall apart. Leizu touched the soft silk threads and 6 a good idea. “If these threads can be woven (编织), I’ll be able to make clothes with them. Perhaps I could invent a machine to weave them into cloth.” After trying many times, Leizu finally 7 such a machine. With it, she turned the silk threads into a piece of cloth that was soft and light. People had worn animal skins for a long time, but no one had ever seen such a new thing before. They were very 8 about it. “It feels soft and is so light.” “What a wonderful invention!” “Clothes made of it must be 9 and beautiful.” Later, Leizu taught other people how to make silk. Soon, they began to wear clothes made of it. That was how the secret of silk was discovered in China. Over time, it 10 to other parts of the world and quickly won the hearts of people everywhere. 1．A．friendly B．patient C．pretty D．wise 2．A．toys B．tools C．clothes D．bags 3．A．place B．style C．material D．form 4．A．discovered B．believed C．mentioned D．explained 5．A．Suddenly B．Finally C．Fortunately D．Naturally 6．A．dreamed of B．thought of C．looked for D．asked for 7．A．destroyed B．required C．bought D．invented 8．A．worried B．excited C．angry D．nervous 9．A．comfortable B．simple C．heavy D．traditional 10．A．connected B．returned C．compared D．spread 六、书面表达 1．历史上许多伟大的发明与科学发现都源于生活中的观察与思考。请以 Great Ideas Change the World 为题，写一篇英语短文，介绍一位你了解的科学家及其重要发现。 要求： 1.包含人物遇到的难题、灵感来源、解决过程、这项发现带来的影响； 2. 最后写出你的感悟； 3. 词数 80–100 词。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．从古至今，许多伟大的创意都源于人们遇到的难题。为锻炼同学们叙事与说明类写作能力，英语课开展写作练习。请你选取一个知名伟大创意，以 A Brilliant Idea That Changed Lives 为题写一篇英语短文。 内容必须包含： 1.当时人们亟待解决的难题是什么； 2.是谁想出这个绝妙创意； 3.这个创意是什么、如何解决了难题； 4.该创意对人类生活带来的深远影响。 注意： 1.文中不得出现真实人名、校名； 2.行文流畅，句式多样，词数 80–100 词； ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2 / 26 1 / 26 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $