Units 3～4高频考点+语法+练习题 2026-2027学年人教版英语八年级上册

该初中英语期末复习讲义通过单元思维导图系统构建Units 3~4知识体系，将“相似与差异”“动植物与生态”主题的核心词汇、句型、语法及写作要点分层呈现，并用表格归纳比较级与最高级的结构规则、核心示例，清晰梳理形容词/副词比较级、最高级的构成与用法等重难点内在联系。 讲义亮点在于“分层实战+方法指导”设计，如书面表达提供“观点-理由-例子”三段式提纲及范文，核心知识点配易错警示和典例（如比较级than的单选），助力学生提升语言运用能力与逻辑思维品质。分层练习覆盖单词拼写、阅读等题型，基础生可夯实基础，优秀生能拓展提升，为教师实施精准教学提供有力支持。

专题 02 Units 3~4（期末复习讲义）八年级上册 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期末考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 ❯❯❯考情透视·目标导航❮❮❮ 1. 复习目标 类别 具体内容 复习重点 1 掌握形容词和副词比较级、最高级的构成与基本用法； 2 掌握 as...as、not as/so...as、much/a little + 比较级等结构； 3 掌握“相似与差异”“动植物与生态”教材核心词汇与短语； 4 掌握 one of the + 最高级 + 名词复数、play a role/part in 等高频表达； 5 能写“朋友应相似还是不同”的观点回复和动植物介绍。 复习难点 1 比较级/最高级规则变化与不规则变化的准确拼写； 2 比较范围的判断：两者用比较级，三者及以上用最高级； 3 as...as 中间必须用原级；one of 后名词用复数； 4 写作中用具体例子支撑观点，而不是只写形容词。 2. 高频考点速览 高频考点 考查形式 建议掌握度 比较级 + than 单选、语法填空、写作 ★★★★★ as...as / not as...as 单选、句型转换 ★★★★★ much/a little/even + 比较级 单选、完成句子 ★★★★☆ have...in common / difference 词汇运用、完形 ★★★★☆ 最高级 + in/of/among 单选、语法填空 ★★★★★ one of the + 最高级 + 复数 单选、完成句子 ★★★★★ be connected with / play a role 词汇运用、阅读 ★★★★☆ 名词后缀 -ance/-tion/-ness/-ity 词形转换、语法填空 ★★★★☆ 3. 考情规律 题型 考察内容 词汇运用 围绕人物性格、比较、生态系统、动植物特征等语境考词义和词形。 语法填空/句型转换 重点考比较级、最高级、as...as 以及修饰比较级的程度副词。 完形/阅读理解 常围绕友谊、合作、生态保护展开，考观点、细节、因果关系和主旨。 书面表达 常要求比较人物或表达朋友观，也可能介绍一种动植物及其重要性。 ❯❯❯知识梳理·方法技巧❮❮❮ 【单元思维导图】 Unit 3 Same or Different? 核心词汇 compare, outgoing, hard-working, similar, difference, personality, strength, honest 核心句型 A is taller than B. / A is as...as B. 语法精讲 比较级；as...as / not as...as 写作指导 朋友观点回复：观点→理由→例子 【单元思维导图】 Unit 4 Amazing Plants and Animals 核心词汇 bamboo, cheetah, blue whale, pollination, ecosystem, protect, importance 核心句型 one of the most... / the ...est in... 语法精讲 形容词/副词最高级 写作指导 动植物介绍：特征→数据→作用→保护 ▶核心知识点 1：比较级 + than：两者之间“更……” 教材原句： Emma is taller than Ella. 译文：艾玛比埃拉高。 Ella dances better than Emma. 译文：埃拉跳舞比艾玛好。 用法 两者比较用“形容词/副词比较级 + than”。形容词比较级作表语/定语；副词比较级修饰动词。 常见不规则变化：good/well→better，bad/badly→worse，many/much→more，little→less。 易错警示： 看到 than 通常考虑比较级；better/worse 等不能再加 more。 典例 Peter plays the flute ______ than I do. A. good B. better C. best D. more good ▶核心知识点 2：比较级规则变化：-er / more 与拼写变化 教材原句： There are more students this year. 译文：今年有更多学生。 It is more colourful than last year. 译文：它比去年更丰富多彩。 用法 单音节和部分双音节词多加 -er；以 e 结尾加 -r；重读闭音节末尾单辅音字母常双写后加 -er；辅音字母+y 变 y 为 i 再加 -er。 多音节词和部分双音节词前加 more。 易错警示： beautiful、outgoing 等通常用 more，不写 beautifuller/outgoinger。 典例 Diana is ______ than before because she often talks with new people now. A. outgoing B. more outgoing C. most outgoing D. the more outgoing ▶核心知识点 3：as...as / not as...as：一样与不如 教材原句： I work as hard as her. 译文：我和她一样努力。 My other friend, Lucy, is not as funny as Lily. 译文：我的另一个朋友露西不如莉莉风趣。 用法 as + 形容词/副词原级 + as 表示“和……一样……”；not as/so + 原级 + as 表示“不如……”。 第一个 as 后不能用比较级。 易错警示： 不能写 as harder as / as more outgoing as。 典例 Tom runs ______ Jack, so they often finish the race together. A. as fast as B. as faster as C. faster as D. so fastest as ▶核心知识点 4：much / a little / even + 比较级：说明差距大小 教材原句： I’m a little quieter than Ella. 译文：我比埃拉稍微安静一点。 You are much stronger together. 译文：你们合作时强大得多。 用法 much、a lot、even 可加强比较程度；a little 表示“稍微”。 这些词放在比较级前，不直接放在原级或最高级前表达同一意义。 易错警示： very 一般不直接修饰比较级；常说 much better，而不是 very better。 典例 The blue whale is ______ heavier than most other sea animals. A. very B. much C. most D. more ▶核心知识点 5：have...in common / alike / difference：表达相同与不同 教材原句： What do you have in common? 译文：你们有什么共同点？ We’re different in many ways. 译文：我们在很多方面都不同。 用法 have sth in common 表示“有共同之处”；be alike 表示“相像”；difference 是名词，different 是形容词。 compare A with B 表示“把A和B进行比较”。 易错警示： alike 通常作表语，不常直接放在名词前作定语；different 后常接 from。 典例 Although the twins look ______, they are different in personality. A. alike B. difference C. differently D. same with ▶核心知识点 6：thanks to / care about / lend a hand：友谊中的作用 教材原句： Thanks to her, I am becoming more outgoing. 译文：多亏了她，我变得更外向。 We are always ready to help each other by lending a hand. 译文：我们总愿意伸出援手帮助彼此。 用法 thanks to 表示“多亏；由于”；care about 表示“关心”；lend (sb) a hand 表示“帮助（某人）”。 写朋友的影响时，可用“品质/差异 + 具体帮助 + 我的变化”形成完整逻辑。 易错警示： thanks to 后接名词、代词或名词性短语，不直接接完整句子。 典例 ______ my outgoing friend, I am less shy now. A. Thanks to B. Because C. Although D. Beside ▶核心知识点 7：最高级：三者及以上范围中的“最……” 教材原句： The blue whale is the largest and heaviest animal in the world. 译文：蓝鲸是世界上最大、最重的动物。 The cheetah runs the fastest among all land animals. 译文：猎豹在所有陆地动物中跑得最快。 用法 三者或三者以上比较用最高级；形容词最高级前一般有 the，副词最高级前 the 可省略。 比较范围常用 in + 地点/群体，of/among + 复数范围。 易错警示： 比较对象只有两个时一般不用最高级；形容词最高级前通常不要漏掉 the。 典例 Which is ______ animal in the world, the blue whale, the elephant or the giraffe? A. large B. larger C. the largest D. the larger ▶核心知识点 8：最高级规则变化与不规则变化 教材原句： It’s one of the fastest-growing plants. 译文：它是生长最快的植物之一。 It is perhaps the most interesting plant in the world. 译文：它也许是世界上最有趣的植物。 用法 最高级的规则变化与比较级对应：-est、-st、双写+est、y→i+est、most + 多音节词。 不规则：good/well→best，bad/badly→worst，many/much→most，little→least。 易错警示： most interesting 已经是最高级，前面不再加 -est；fastest 也不与 most 连用。 典例 Among all the school activities, the science show is ______ to me. A. interesting B. more interesting C. the most interesting D. most interest ▶核心知识点 9：one of the + 最高级 + 名词复数 教材原句： Bamboo is one of the fastest-growing plants. 译文：竹子是生长最快的植物之一。 Bees are one of the best examples of this connection. 译文：蜜蜂是这种联系最好的例子之一。 用法 one of the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数，表示“最……的……之一”。 句子主语若是 one of...，谓语通常按 one 的单数决定。 易错警示： one of 后面的可数名词必须用复数，如 one of the most useful plants。 典例 The ginkgo is one of the ______ trees on earth. A. ancient B. more ancient C. most ancient D. most ancient tree ▶核心知识点 10：up to / weigh / as much as：用数据描述动植物 教材原句： It can weigh as much as 200 tons. 译文：它的体重可达200吨。 Blue whales can live up to 90 years. 译文：蓝鲸的寿命可达90年。 用法 up to 表示“多达；达到”；weigh 作动词表示“有……重”；as much as + 数量可强调“多达”。 描述动植物常用“数字 + 单位”增强说明的准确性。 易错警示： weigh 是动词，weight 是名词；问重量常用 How much does...weigh? 或 What is the weight of...?。 典例 A blue whale can ______ about 200 tons. A. weight B. weigh C. heavy D. weighing ▶核心知识点 11：be connected with / without / in order to：生态联系 教材原句： People, plants, and animals are all connected. 译文：人、植物和动物彼此相连。 In order to store honey, they create honeycombs. 译文：为了储存蜂蜜，它们建造蜂巢。 用法 be connected with/to 表示“与……相关/相连”；without + 名词/动名词表示“没有……”；in order to + 动词原形表示目的。 可用这些结构说明“行为—作用—生态结果”。 易错警示： in order to 后接动词原形；without 后接名词、代词或动名词。 典例 Bees visit many flowers ______ help plants grow. A. in order to B. without C. because of D. instead of ▶核心知识点 12：play a part/role in / protect：说明生态作用 教材原句： Bees play an important part in the ecosystem of our planet. 译文：蜜蜂在地球生态系统中发挥重要作用。 We must protect them. 译文：我们必须保护它们。 用法 play a part/role in + 名词/动名词，表示“在……中发挥作用”；protect sb/sth 表示“保护……”。 importance 是 important 的名词形式，可用于 the importance of...。 易错警示： play a role in 中 in 是介词，后接名词或动名词，不直接接动词原形。 典例 Blue whales play an important role ______ keeping the ocean ecosystem healthy. A. at B. in C. for D. to ▶语法总结 1：比较级与 as...as 结构 核心规则 示例 比较级 + than 两者比较；可用 much/a little/even 修饰比较级 Emma is taller than Ella. as + 原级 + as 两者在某方面相同 I work as hard as her. not as/so + 原级 + as 一方不如另一方 Lucy is not as funny as Lily. 不规则变化 good/well-better; bad/badly-worse; much/many-more Ella dances better than Emma. 典例 My brother is ______ than me, but I run as ______ as he does. A. tall; fast B. taller; fast C. taller; faster D. tallest; fast ▶语法总结 2：最高级：构成与比较范围 结构 核心规则 示例 the + -est 单音节/部分双音节形容词 the largest animal the most + adj. 多音节/部分双音节形容词 the most interesting plant 副词最高级 the 可省略，常与 among/in 范围连用 runs (the) fastest one of the + 最高级 + 复数 “最……的……之一” one of the most useful plants 典例 The cheetah is one of the ______ land animals in the world. A. fast B. faster C. fastest D. most fast ▶写作指导 1：Should Friends Be Similar or Different? 【审题三步走】 1. 先明确自己的观点：similar / different / I don’t mind。 2. 给出1—2个理由，每个理由配一个真实或具体的朋友例子。 3. 结尾回扣“真正重要的是互相尊重、帮助和学习”。 【三段式写作提纲】 段落 写作内容 第一段 Opinion：直接表明朋友应相似、不同或两者皆可。 第二段 Reason + Example：写性格/爱好差异如何带来帮助。 第三段 Conclusion：总结真正重要的友谊品质。 【完整范文】 Should Friends Be Similar or Different? I don’t think friends have to be exactly the same. My best friend Leo is more outgoing than I am, while I am more serious about study. He often encourages me to meet new people, and I help him organize his schoolwork. We both love badminton, so we practise together at weekends. Our differences help us learn from each other, and our common interests give us time to share. For me, what matters most is not being the same, but respecting and helping each other. ▶写作指导 2：An Amazing Animal 【审题三步走】 1. 先写名称、生活环境和最突出的特征。 2. 用比较级/最高级和数字说明体型、速度、寿命等事实。 3. 最后写它在生态中的作用以及保护建议。 【三段式写作提纲】 段落 写作内容 第一段 What/Where：动物名称、栖息地和总体特点。 第二段 Facts：用最高级、数字和具体行为介绍特征。 第三段 Importance/Protection：说明作用并提出保护意识。 【完整范文】 The Blue Whale The blue whale is one of the most amazing animals on earth. It is the largest and heaviest animal in the world and can weigh as much as 200 tons. Blue whales live in most oceans and eat tiny sea animals. They can live for many years. When a blue whale dies at sea, it becomes food for many other animals, so it also plays an important role in the ocean ecosystem. These great animals are connected with our planet, and we should do our best to protect them. ❯❯❯考场练兵·分层实战❮❮❮ 一、单词拼写（每小题1分，共4分） 根据句意及首字母提示填写单词。 1. Diana is o________ and enjoys meeting new people. 2. We should respect the d________ between people. 3. The blue whale is the h________ animal on earth. 4. Bees play an important role in the e________. 二、单项选择（每小题1分，共4分） 1. Emma is ______ than Ella, but Ella dances better. A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. more tall 2. My friend is as ______ as me, so we both finish our work on time. A. careful B. more careful C. carefully D. most careful 3. The blue whale is one of the ______ animals in the world. A. large B. larger C. largest D. most large 4. Bees play an important part ______ helping many plants grow. A. in B. on C. at D. for 三、完成句子（每小题2分，共4分） 1. 我和我最好的朋友有许多共同点。 My best friend and I ______ many things ______ ______. 2. 竹子是世界上最有用的植物之一。 Bamboo is ______ ______ the most useful ______ in the world. 四、完形填空（每小题1分，共5分） Matt and Stephen are good friends. They have many hobbies in (1) ______ and often play badminton together. Stephen plays (2) ______ than Matt, so Matt practises harder. Diana has a different kind of friendship. Her best friend is more outgoing, and (3) ______ her, Diana is becoming less shy. These examples show that similarities can help friends enjoy time together, while differences can help them (4) ______. A good friendship does not require two people to be exactly alike. The most important thing is to respect each other and be ready to (5) ______ a hand. 1. A. common B. difference C. fact D. order 2. A. good B. better C. best D. well 3. A. instead of B. thanks to C. because D. without 4. A. grow B. growing C. grew D. grown 5. A. borrow B. lend C. take D. reach 五、阅读理解A（每小题2分，共10分） Ella and Emma are twins, but they are different in several ways. Emma is a little quieter and gets up earlier. Ella is funnier and enjoys sports more. They both work hard and love music. At a school music festival, they used their different strengths and worked as a team. Ella danced while Emma sang. Their classmates said the performance was wonderful. The twins believe that being different can make a team stronger. 1. What is the relationship between Ella and Emma? ____________________________________________________________________ 2. Who is quieter? ____________________________________________________________________ 3. What does Ella enjoy more? ____________________________________________________________________ 4. What do they have in common? ____________________________________________________________________ 5. What did the twins learn from their differences? ____________________________________________________________________ 六、阅读理解B（每小题2分，共10分） Bees are small, but their work is extremely important. When they fly from flower to flower, they carry pollen and help plants grow. Many fruits and vegetables depend on this process. Bees also work together to build honeycombs and use dances to tell other bees where food is. However, the number of bees is dropping in some places. Protecting bees helps protect plants, animals and the healthy ecosystem that people depend on. 1. What do bees carry from flower to flower? ____________________________________________________________________ 2. How do bees help plants? ____________________________________________________________________ 3. What do bees build to store honey? ____________________________________________________________________ 4. How do bees tell others where food is? ____________________________________________________________________ 5. Why is protecting bees important? ____________________________________________________________________ 七、任务型阅读（每小题2分，共10分） The blue whale is the largest animal on earth. It can weigh about 200 tons, but it eats some of the tiniest animals in the ocean. It lives in most oceans and can live for many years. Blue whales are also important after they die: their bodies can provide food for sea animals for a long time. This helps support a lively ecosystem. Their size is amazing, but their role in nature is even more meaningful. 1. What is special about the blue whale’s size? ____________________________________________________________________ 2. What does it eat? ____________________________________________________________________ 3. Where does it live? ____________________________________________________________________ 4. What happens after a blue whale dies at sea? ____________________________________________________________________ 5. What does the passage say is more meaningful than its size? ____________________________________________________________________ 八、书面表达（共15分） 学校英语论坛正在讨论“Friends: Similar or Different?”。请写一篇约80—100词的回复，内容包括：你的观点；至少两个理由；一个朋友的具体例子；你认为什么是真正重要的友谊品质。 ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 1/1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题 02 Units 3~4（期末复习讲义）八年级上册 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期末考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 ❯❯❯考情透视·目标导航❮❮❮ 1. 复习目标 类别 具体内容 复习重点 1 掌握形容词和副词比较级、最高级的构成与基本用法； 2 掌握 as...as、not as/so...as、much/a little + 比较级等结构； 3 掌握“相似与差异”“动植物与生态”教材核心词汇与短语； 4 掌握 one of the + 最高级 + 名词复数、play a role/part in 等高频表达； 5 能写“朋友应相似还是不同”的观点回复和动植物介绍。 复习难点 1 比较级/最高级规则变化与不规则变化的准确拼写； 2 比较范围的判断：两者用比较级，三者及以上用最高级； 3 as...as 中间必须用原级；one of 后名词用复数； 4 写作中用具体例子支撑观点，而不是只写形容词。 2. 高频考点速览 高频考点 考查形式 建议掌握度 比较级 + than 单选、语法填空、写作 ★★★★★ as...as / not as...as 单选、句型转换 ★★★★★ much/a little/even + 比较级 单选、完成句子 ★★★★☆ have...in common / difference 词汇运用、完形 ★★★★☆ 最高级 + in/of/among 单选、语法填空 ★★★★★ one of the + 最高级 + 复数 单选、完成句子 ★★★★★ be connected with / play a role 词汇运用、阅读 ★★★★☆ 名词后缀 -ance/-tion/-ness/-ity 词形转换、语法填空 ★★★★☆ 3. 考情规律 题型 考察内容 词汇运用 围绕人物性格、比较、生态系统、动植物特征等语境考词义和词形。 语法填空/句型转换 重点考比较级、最高级、as...as 以及修饰比较级的程度副词。 完形/阅读理解 常围绕友谊、合作、生态保护展开，考观点、细节、因果关系和主旨。 书面表达 常要求比较人物或表达朋友观，也可能介绍一种动植物及其重要性。 ❯❯❯知识梳理·方法技巧❮❮❮ 【单元思维导图】 Unit 3 Same or Different? 核心词汇 compare, outgoing, hard-working, similar, difference, personality, strength, honest 核心句型 A is taller than B. / A is as...as B. 语法精讲 比较级；as...as / not as...as 写作指导 朋友观点回复：观点→理由→例子 【单元思维导图】 Unit 4 Amazing Plants and Animals 核心词汇 bamboo, cheetah, blue whale, pollination, ecosystem, protect, importance 核心句型 one of the most... / the ...est in... 语法精讲 形容词/副词最高级 写作指导 动植物介绍：特征→数据→作用→保护 ▶核心知识点 1：比较级 + than：两者之间“更……” 教材原句： Emma is taller than Ella. 译文：艾玛比埃拉高。 Ella dances better than Emma. 译文：埃拉跳舞比艾玛好。 用法 两者比较用“形容词/副词比较级 + than”。形容词比较级作表语/定语；副词比较级修饰动词。 常见不规则变化：good/well→better，bad/badly→worse，many/much→more，little→less。 易错警示： 看到 than 通常考虑比较级；better/worse 等不能再加 more。 典例 Peter plays the flute ______ than I do. A. good B. better C. best D. more good 答案：B 解析：两者比较且修饰 plays，用 well 的比较级 better。 ▶核心知识点 2：比较级规则变化：-er / more 与拼写变化 教材原句： There are more students this year. 译文：今年有更多学生。 It is more colourful than last year. 译文：它比去年更丰富多彩。 用法 单音节和部分双音节词多加 -er；以 e 结尾加 -r；重读闭音节末尾单辅音字母常双写后加 -er；辅音字母+y 变 y 为 i 再加 -er。 多音节词和部分双音节词前加 more。 易错警示： beautiful、outgoing 等通常用 more，不写 beautifuller/outgoinger。 典例 Diana is ______ than before because she often talks with new people now. A. outgoing B. more outgoing C. most outgoing D. the more outgoing 答案：B 解析：outgoing 是多音节形容词，比较级用 more outgoing。 ▶核心知识点 3：as...as / not as...as：一样与不如 教材原句： I work as hard as her. 译文：我和她一样努力。 My other friend, Lucy, is not as funny as Lily. 译文：我的另一个朋友露西不如莉莉风趣。 用法 as + 形容词/副词原级 + as 表示“和……一样……”；not as/so + 原级 + as 表示“不如……”。 第一个 as 后不能用比较级。 易错警示： 不能写 as harder as / as more outgoing as。 典例 Tom runs ______ Jack, so they often finish the race together. A. as fast as B. as faster as C. faster as D. so fastest as 答案：A 解析：表示“和……一样快”使用 as + 副词原级 + as。 ▶核心知识点 4：much / a little / even + 比较级：说明差距大小 教材原句： I’m a little quieter than Ella. 译文：我比埃拉稍微安静一点。 You are much stronger together. 译文：你们合作时强大得多。 用法 much、a lot、even 可加强比较程度；a little 表示“稍微”。 这些词放在比较级前，不直接放在原级或最高级前表达同一意义。 易错警示： very 一般不直接修饰比较级；常说 much better，而不是 very better。 典例 The blue whale is ______ heavier than most other sea animals. A. very B. much C. most D. more 答案：B 解析：much 可以修饰比较级 heavier，加强程度。 ▶核心知识点 5：have...in common / alike / difference：表达相同与不同 教材原句： What do you have in common? 译文：你们有什么共同点？ We’re different in many ways. 译文：我们在很多方面都不同。 用法 have sth in common 表示“有共同之处”；be alike 表示“相像”；difference 是名词，different 是形容词。 compare A with B 表示“把A和B进行比较”。 易错警示： alike 通常作表语，不常直接放在名词前作定语；different 后常接 from。 典例 Although the twins look ______, they are different in personality. A. alike B. difference C. differently D. same with 答案：A 解析：look 是系动词，后接形容词 alike 表示“看起来相像”。 ▶核心知识点 6：thanks to / care about / lend a hand：友谊中的作用 教材原句： Thanks to her, I am becoming more outgoing. 译文：多亏了她，我变得更外向。 We are always ready to help each other by lending a hand. 译文：我们总愿意伸出援手帮助彼此。 用法 thanks to 表示“多亏；由于”；care about 表示“关心”；lend (sb) a hand 表示“帮助（某人）”。 写朋友的影响时，可用“品质/差异 + 具体帮助 + 我的变化”形成完整逻辑。 易错警示： thanks to 后接名词、代词或名词性短语，不直接接完整句子。 典例 ______ my outgoing friend, I am less shy now. A. Thanks to B. Because C. Although D. Beside 答案：A 解析：空格后是名词短语 my outgoing friend，用介词短语 Thanks to。 ▶核心知识点 7：最高级：三者及以上范围中的“最……” 教材原句： The blue whale is the largest and heaviest animal in the world. 译文：蓝鲸是世界上最大、最重的动物。 The cheetah runs the fastest among all land animals. 译文：猎豹在所有陆地动物中跑得最快。 用法 三者或三者以上比较用最高级；形容词最高级前一般有 the，副词最高级前 the 可省略。 比较范围常用 in + 地点/群体，of/among + 复数范围。 易错警示： 比较对象只有两个时一般不用最高级；形容词最高级前通常不要漏掉 the。 典例 Which is ______ animal in the world, the blue whale, the elephant or the giraffe? A. large B. larger C. the largest D. the larger 答案：C 解析：三个对象比较，用形容词最高级 the largest。 ▶核心知识点 8：最高级规则变化与不规则变化 教材原句： It’s one of the fastest-growing plants. 译文：它是生长最快的植物之一。 It is perhaps the most interesting plant in the world. 译文：它也许是世界上最有趣的植物。 用法 最高级的规则变化与比较级对应：-est、-st、双写+est、y→i+est、most + 多音节词。 不规则：good/well→best，bad/badly→worst，many/much→most，little→least。 易错警示： most interesting 已经是最高级，前面不再加 -est；fastest 也不与 most 连用。 典例 Among all the school activities, the science show is ______ to me. A. interesting B. more interesting C. the most interesting D. most interest 答案：C 解析：有 among all 表示三者以上范围，用 the most interesting。 ▶核心知识点 9：one of the + 最高级 + 名词复数 教材原句： Bamboo is one of the fastest-growing plants. 译文：竹子是生长最快的植物之一。 Bees are one of the best examples of this connection. 译文：蜜蜂是这种联系最好的例子之一。 用法 one of the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数，表示“最……的……之一”。 句子主语若是 one of...，谓语通常按 one 的单数决定。 易错警示： one of 后面的可数名词必须用复数，如 one of the most useful plants。 典例 The ginkgo is one of the ______ trees on earth. A. ancient B. more ancient C. most ancient D. most ancient tree 答案：C 解析：固定结构 one of the + 最高级 + 名词复数；空格填 most ancient。 ▶核心知识点 10：up to / weigh / as much as：用数据描述动植物 教材原句： It can weigh as much as 200 tons. 译文：它的体重可达200吨。 Blue whales can live up to 90 years. 译文：蓝鲸的寿命可达90年。 用法 up to 表示“多达；达到”；weigh 作动词表示“有……重”；as much as + 数量可强调“多达”。 描述动植物常用“数字 + 单位”增强说明的准确性。 易错警示： weigh 是动词，weight 是名词；问重量常用 How much does...weigh? 或 What is the weight of...?。 典例 A blue whale can ______ about 200 tons. A. weight B. weigh C. heavy D. weighing 答案：B 解析：情态动词 can 后接动词原形 weigh。 ▶核心知识点 11：be connected with / without / in order to：生态联系 教材原句： People, plants, and animals are all connected. 译文：人、植物和动物彼此相连。 In order to store honey, they create honeycombs. 译文：为了储存蜂蜜，它们建造蜂巢。 用法 be connected with/to 表示“与……相关/相连”；without + 名词/动名词表示“没有……”；in order to + 动词原形表示目的。 可用这些结构说明“行为—作用—生态结果”。 易错警示： in order to 后接动词原形；without 后接名词、代词或动名词。 典例 Bees visit many flowers ______ help plants grow. A. in order to B. without C. because of D. instead of 答案：A 解析：空格后是动词原形 help，且表示目的，用 in order to。 ▶核心知识点 12：play a part/role in / protect：说明生态作用 教材原句： Bees play an important part in the ecosystem of our planet. 译文：蜜蜂在地球生态系统中发挥重要作用。 We must protect them. 译文：我们必须保护它们。 用法 play a part/role in + 名词/动名词，表示“在……中发挥作用”；protect sb/sth 表示“保护……”。 importance 是 important 的名词形式，可用于 the importance of...。 易错警示： play a role in 中 in 是介词，后接名词或动名词，不直接接动词原形。 典例 Blue whales play an important role ______ keeping the ocean ecosystem healthy. A. at B. in C. for D. to 答案：B 解析：固定搭配 play a role in sth/doing sth。 ▶语法总结 1：比较级与 as...as 结构 核心规则 示例 比较级 + than 两者比较；可用 much/a little/even 修饰比较级 Emma is taller than Ella. as + 原级 + as 两者在某方面相同 I work as hard as her. not as/so + 原级 + as 一方不如另一方 Lucy is not as funny as Lily. 不规则变化 good/well-better; bad/badly-worse; much/many-more Ella dances better than Emma. 典例 My brother is ______ than me, but I run as ______ as he does. A. tall; fast B. taller; fast C. taller; faster D. tallest; fast 答案：B 解析：than 前用比较级 taller；as...as 中间用原级 fast。 ▶语法总结 2：最高级：构成与比较范围 结构 核心规则 示例 the + -est 单音节/部分双音节形容词 the largest animal the most + adj. 多音节/部分双音节形容词 the most interesting plant 副词最高级 the 可省略，常与 among/in 范围连用 runs (the) fastest one of the + 最高级 + 复数 “最……的……之一” one of the most useful plants 典例 The cheetah is one of the ______ land animals in the world. A. fast B. faster C. fastest D. most fast 答案：C 解析：one of the + 最高级 + 名词复数，fast 的最高级为 fastest。 ▶写作指导 1：Should Friends Be Similar or Different? 【审题三步走】 1. 先明确自己的观点：similar / different / I don’t mind。 2. 给出1—2个理由，每个理由配一个真实或具体的朋友例子。 3. 结尾回扣“真正重要的是互相尊重、帮助和学习”。 【三段式写作提纲】 段落 写作内容 第一段 Opinion：直接表明朋友应相似、不同或两者皆可。 第二段 Reason + Example：写性格/爱好差异如何带来帮助。 第三段 Conclusion：总结真正重要的友谊品质。 【完整范文】 Should Friends Be Similar or Different? I don’t think friends have to be exactly the same. My best friend Leo is more outgoing than I am, while I am more serious about study. He often encourages me to meet new people, and I help him organize his schoolwork. We both love badminton, so we practise together at weekends. Our differences help us learn from each other, and our common interests give us time to share. For me, what matters most is not being the same, but respecting and helping each other. ▶写作指导 2：An Amazing Animal 【审题三步走】 1. 先写名称、生活环境和最突出的特征。 2. 用比较级/最高级和数字说明体型、速度、寿命等事实。 3. 最后写它在生态中的作用以及保护建议。 【三段式写作提纲】 段落 写作内容 第一段 What/Where：动物名称、栖息地和总体特点。 第二段 Facts：用最高级、数字和具体行为介绍特征。 第三段 Importance/Protection：说明作用并提出保护意识。 【完整范文】 The Blue Whale The blue whale is one of the most amazing animals on earth. It is the largest and heaviest animal in the world and can weigh as much as 200 tons. Blue whales live in most oceans and eat tiny sea animals. They can live for many years. When a blue whale dies at sea, it becomes food for many other animals, so it also plays an important role in the ocean ecosystem. These great animals are connected with our planet, and we should do our best to protect them. ❯❯❯考场练兵·分层实战❮❮❮ 一、单词拼写（每小题1分，共4分） 根据句意及首字母提示填写单词。 1. Diana is o________ and enjoys meeting new people. 2. We should respect the d________ between people. 3. The blue whale is the h________ animal on earth. 4. Bees play an important role in the e________. 【答案】1.outgoing；2.differences；3.heaviest；4.ecosystem 二、单项选择（每小题1分，共4分） 1. Emma is ______ than Ella, but Ella dances better. A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. more tall 2. My friend is as ______ as me, so we both finish our work on time. A. careful B. more careful C. carefully D. most careful 3. The blue whale is one of the ______ animals in the world. A. large B. larger C. largest D. most large 4. Bees play an important part ______ helping many plants grow. A. in B. on C. at D. for 【答案】1.B；2.A；3.C；4.A 【解析】1. than 表示两者比较，tall 的比较级为 taller。 【解析】2. as...as 中用形容词/副词原级；此处系动词 is 后用形容词 careful。 【解析】3. one of the + 最高级 + 名词复数。 【解析】4. 固定搭配 play a part in doing sth。 三、完成句子（每小题2分，共4分） 1. 我和我最好的朋友有许多共同点。 My best friend and I ______ many things ______ ______. 2. 竹子是世界上最有用的植物之一。 Bamboo is ______ ______ the most useful ______ in the world. 【答案】1.have; in; common；2.one; of; plants 四、完形填空（每小题1分，共5分） Matt and Stephen are good friends. They have many hobbies in (1) ______ and often play badminton together. Stephen plays (2) ______ than Matt, so Matt practises harder. Diana has a different kind of friendship. Her best friend is more outgoing, and (3) ______ her, Diana is becoming less shy. These examples show that similarities can help friends enjoy time together, while differences can help them (4) ______. A good friendship does not require two people to be exactly alike. The most important thing is to respect each other and be ready to (5) ______ a hand. 1. A. common B. difference C. fact D. order 2. A. good B. better C. best D. well 3. A. instead of B. thanks to C. because D. without 4. A. grow B. growing C. grew D. grown 5. A. borrow B. lend C. take D. reach 【答案】1.A；2.B；3.B；4.A；5.B 【解析】in common 为固定搭配。 【解析】than 前用比较级 better。 【解析】空格后名词短语，用 thanks to。 【解析】help sb (to) do sth，填 grow。 【解析】lend a hand 表示“帮助”。 五、阅读理解A（每小题2分，共10分） Ella and Emma are twins, but they are different in several ways. Emma is a little quieter and gets up earlier. Ella is funnier and enjoys sports more. They both work hard and love music. At a school music festival, they used their different strengths and worked as a team. Ella danced while Emma sang. Their classmates said the performance was wonderful. The twins believe that being different can make a team stronger. 1. What is the relationship between Ella and Emma? 2. Who is quieter? 3. What does Ella enjoy more? 4. What do they have in common? 5. What did the twins learn from their differences? 【答案】1.They are twins.；2.Emma.；3.Sports.；4.They both work hard and love music.；5.Their differences can make a team stronger. 六、阅读理解B（每小题2分，共10分） Bees are small, but their work is extremely important. When they fly from flower to flower, they carry pollen and help plants grow. Many fruits and vegetables depend on this process. Bees also work together to build honeycombs and use dances to tell other bees where food is. However, the number of bees is dropping in some places. Protecting bees helps protect plants, animals and the healthy ecosystem that people depend on. 1. What do bees carry from flower to flower? 2. How do bees help plants? 3. What do bees build to store honey? 4. How do bees tell others where food is? 5. Why is protecting bees important? 【答案】1.Pollen.；2.They help plants grow through pollination.；3.Honeycombs.；4.By using dances.；5.Because bees are important to plants, animals and the ecosystem. 七、任务型阅读（每小题2分，共10分） The blue whale is the largest animal on earth. It can weigh about 200 tons, but it eats some of the tiniest animals in the ocean. It lives in most oceans and can live for many years. Blue whales are also important after they die: their bodies can provide food for sea animals for a long time. This helps support a lively ecosystem. Their size is amazing, but their role in nature is even more meaningful. 1. What is special about the blue whale’s size? 2. What does it eat? 3. Where does it live? 4. What happens after a blue whale dies at sea? 5. What does the passage say is more meaningful than its size? 【答案】1.It is the largest animal on earth and can weigh about 200 tons.；2.Tiny sea animals.；3.In most oceans.；4.Its body provides food for other sea animals.；5.Its role in nature/the ecosystem. 八、书面表达（共15分） 学校英语论坛正在讨论“Friends: Similar or Different?”。请写一篇约80—100词的回复，内容包括：你的观点；至少两个理由；一个朋友的具体例子；你认为什么是真正重要的友谊品质。 【参考范文】 Friends: Similar or Different? I think friends can be different from each other. My best friend Amy is more outgoing than I am, and she is also better at sports. I am quieter and enjoy reading more. Thanks to her, I am becoming more confident when I meet new people. I often help her with study, and we share books and ideas. Although we are different, we respect each other and learn from each other. For me, honesty, respect and being ready to lend a hand are more important than being exactly alike. 1/1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $