内容正文:
Unit 2 My friends 语法专项训练
人教PEP版四年级上册英语(新教材) 知识点讲义&练习
班级:__________ 姓名:__________ 得分:__________
(一)have / has:描述朋友的外貌与拥有
一、核心用法
1.have / has 意为"有",用来表示拥有或描述朋友的外貌特征。主语是 I、you 或复数(we, they, my friends 等)时用 have;主语是第三人称单数(he, she, it 或单个人名)时用 has。
2.描述外貌常用句型:He / She + has + 形容词 + 名词. 如:She has long hair and big eyes.(她有长头发和大眼睛。)
3.hair(头发)是不可数名词,前面可以加 long / short 修饰,但不能加 -s,也不能说 a hair。
4.小提示:has 后面的名词前不再加 have;has 与 have 的选择只看主语,与后面的名词无关。
二、句式框架
✔ 肯定句:主语 + have / has + 名词 (+其他).
She has long hair. 她有长头发。
◎ 疑问与回答:—Is he / she + 形容词? —Yes, he / she is. / No, he / she isn't.
—Is she quiet? 她文静吗?—No, she isn't. She is funny. 不,她不是。她很有趣。
三、例句对译
I have a new friend. 我有一个新朋友。
He's tall and strong. He has short hair. 他又高又壮。他留短发。
My best friend is Amy. She has long hair and big eyes. 我最好的朋友是埃米。她有长头发和大眼睛。
趁热打铁
一、用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
1.My friend ________ (have) short hair.
2.I ________ (have) a new friend. Her name is Amy.
3.She ________ (have) long hair and big eyes.
4.We ________ (have) four good friends in our class.
5.He ________ (have) a nice schoolbag. It's blue.
二、单项选择。
( )1.She is ________ and thin.
A. short B. long C. strong
( )2.She has ________ hair.
A. long B. tall C. big
( )3.Mike likes basketball. He is ________.
A. tall and strong B. short and thin C. long hair
( )4.—Is he quiet? —________ He is funny.
A. Yes, he is. B. No, he isn't. C. No, she isn't.
( )5.She has long hair and big ________.
A. eyes B. eye C. hairs
三、连词成句,注意大小写与标点。
1. I, a, friend, have, new (.)
________________________________________
2. has, my, brother, short, hair (.)
________________________________________
3. big, she, eyes, has (.)
________________________________________
4. do, have, what, you (?)
________________________________________
四、【生活小故事・我的新同桌】读对话,选择合适的句子补全对话,将序号写在横线上。
A. He is tall and strong.
B. He has short hair and big eyes.
C. Yes, we do.
D. No, we don't.
E. His name is Mike.
Mum: You look happy today, dear.
Chen Jie: Mum, I have a new friend. He is my deskmate.
Mum: Great! Is he tall?
Chen Jie: 1.________ He often plays basketball after class.
Mum: Tell me more about him.
Chen Jie: 2.________ He is a good boy.
Mum: Do you often play together?
Chen Jie: 3.________ We often play games and read books after class.
(二)形容词性物主代词 his / her 与询问朋友
一、核心句型
1.询问朋友的名字:What's your friend's name?(你朋友叫什么名字?)回答:His / Her name is... 如:—What's your friend's name? —His name is Zhang Peng.
2.询问最好的朋友是谁:Who's your best friend?(谁是你最好的朋友?)回答:My best friend is... 如:—Who's your best friend? —My best friend is Amy.
3.What's = What is;Who's = Who is;He's = He is;She's = She is。
二、his 与 her 的用法
1.his 意为"他的",用于男性(男孩、男士);her 意为"她的",用于女性(女孩、女士)。
2.his / her 是形容词性物主代词,后面必须接名词,如:his hair(他的头发)、her glasses(她的眼镜)。
3.注意区分:He's = He is(他是),his(他的)——He's tall. / his tall ✗,两者拼写相近,不要混用。
三、例句对译
—Who's your best friend? 谁是你最好的朋友?—My best friend is Sarah. 我最好的朋友是萨拉。
His name is Mike. He is quiet but kind. 他的名字叫迈克。他很安静但是很友善。
Lily has long hair. Her bag is new. 莉莉有长头发。她的书包是新的。
趁热打铁
一、用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
1.—What's your friend's name? —________ (he) name is Zhang Peng.
2.Amy is my good friend. ________ (she) hair is long.
3.Mike is quiet. ________ (he) eyes are big.
4.This is my friend Lily. ________ (she) schoolbag is red.
5.I have a friend. ________ (she) name is Lucy.
二、单项选择。
( )1.—What's your friend's name? —________ name is Mike.
A. His B. He C. Him
( )2.—________ your best friend? —Sarah.
A. Who's B. What's C. Where's
( )3.My friend Lily has long hair. ________ bag is new.
A. His B. Her C. She
( )4.He's = ________.
A. he is B. his is C. he his
( )5.My friend is a boy. ________ hair is short.
A. His B. Her C. He's
三、连词成句,注意大小写与标点。
1. your, what's, friend's, name (?)
________________________________________
2. is, my, Amy, best, friend (.)
________________________________________
3. name, her, is, Lucy (.)
________________________________________
4. friend, good, he's, my (.)
________________________________________
四、按要求完成句子。
1. She is quiet.(改为否定句)
________________________________________
2. My best friend is Amy.(对划线部分提问 )
________________________________________
3. Her name is Lucy.(对划线部分提问)
________________________________________
4. He's tall and strong.(改为一般疑问句)
________________________________________
综合训练
一、单项选择。
( )1.She is quiet ________ funny. She often makes us laugh.
A. but B. and C. or
( )2.He often helps me ________ my Chinese.
A. with B. for C. to
( )3.He is funny. He often makes me ________.
A. smile B. smiles C. smiling
( )4.Zhang Peng and Mike ________ like playing football.
A. both B. all C. too
( )5.在图书馆里,你应该:________
A. Be quiet. B. Play games. C. Tell jokes.
( )6.同学帮你学英语,你应该说:________
A. Thank you. B. Goodbye. C. You're tall.
( )7.—What's in your schoolbag? —________ English book and two storybooks.
A. A B. An C. Some
( )8.放学后想和朋友一起踢足球,可以说:________
A. Let's play football together. B. Let's go to bed. C. Let's do some chores.
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.My friend often ________ (read) books in the library.
2.Zhang Peng and John often ________ (play) football after class.
3.Let's ________ (share) the books.
4.My best friend ________ (be) Zhang Peng.
5.I often ________ (draw) pictures with my friend.
三、连词成句,注意大小写与标点。
1. often, we, games, play, together (.)
________________________________________
2. friend, my, tall, and, is, strong (.)
________________________________________
3. often, he, me, helps, English, with, my (.)
________________________________________
4. read, we, books, together, after, class (.)
________________________________________
四、【联系生活・班里的新朋友】选择合适选项补全对话,将序号写在横线上。
A. What's his name?
B. Yes, he is.
C. He has short hair and big eyes.
D. What do you often do together?
E. We often read books and play games together.
Amy: Sarah, I have a new friend in my class.
Sarah: Great! 1.________
Amy: His name is Mike.
Sarah: Is he tall?
Amy: 2.________ He is tall and strong.
Sarah: 3.________
Amy: He has short hair and big eyes.
Sarah: Is he quiet?
Amy: No, he isn't. He is funny. He often makes me smile.
Sarah: 4.________
Amy: 5.________ We often play games after class, too.
五、【生活小故事・我的好朋友 Lily】选词补全短文,将序号写在横线上,每词限用一次。
A. best B. tall C. hair D. big E. quiet
F. helps G. read H. smile I. play J. together
Lucy is my 1.______ friend. She is 2.______ and thin. She has long 3.______ and 4.______ eyes. She is 5.______ and kind. She often 6.______ me with my English. We often 7.______ books together after class. Lucy is funny. She often makes me 8.______. On weekends, we 9.______ games on the playground. We are good friends and we are happy 10.______.
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参考答案与解析
(一)have / has
一、用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
1.has
【解析】主语 My friend 是第三人称单数,have 变 has。
2.have
【解析】主语 I 是第一人称,用原形 have;下文 Her name is Amy 中的 Her 是"她的",不填空。
3.has
【解析】主语 She 是第三人称单数,用 has;long hair and big eyes 描述外貌。
4.have
【解析】主语 We 是第一人称复数,用 have。
5.has
【解析】主语 He 是第三人称单数,用 has;a nice schoolbag 意为"一个漂亮的书包"。
二、单项选择。
1.A
【解析】"又矮又瘦"是 short and thin,为固定搭配;long 和 strong 不与 thin 搭配描述外形。
2.A
【解析】hair(头发)用 long(长的)或 short(短的)修饰;tall 修饰人的身高,big 修饰眼睛等,不修饰 hair。
3.A
【解析】迈克喜欢篮球,说明他"又高又壮"(tall and strong),形容词描述人;C 项 long hair 是名词短语,不能放在 is 后作表语。
4.B
【解析】由后文 He is funny.(他很有趣)可知他并不文静,用否定回答 No, he isn't.;C 项人称 she 错误。
5.A
【解析】big eyes(大眼睛),两只眼睛要用复数 eyes;eye 是单数,hairs 拼写错误(eye 可数,hair 不可数)。
三、连词成句。
1.I have a new friend.
【解析】"主语 + have + a + 形容词 + 名词",a new friend 意为"一个新朋友"。
2.My brother has short hair.
【解析】主语 My brother 是三单,用 has;short hair(短发)中 hair 不可数,不加 -s。
3.She has big eyes.
【解析】"She + has + big eyes",两只眼睛用复数 eyes。
4.What do you have?
【解析】特殊疑问句:疑问词 What + do + 主语 + 动词原形 have,句末用问号。
四、补全对话。
1.A 2.B 3.C
【解析】对话场景是"向妈妈介绍新同桌"的生活小故事。第 1 空妈妈问 Is he tall?,回答是肯定句且补充"他经常放学后打篮球",选 A(He is tall and strong.);第 2 空妈妈说"再多讲讲他",接着介绍外貌"他留短发、有大眼睛",选 B;第 3 空妈妈问 Do you often play together?,用 Yes, we do. 回答,选 C;D 项 No, we don't. 与后文"经常一起玩"矛盾,E 项 His name is Mike. 文中未设此空。
(二)形容词性物主代词 his / her
一、用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
1.His
【解析】Zhang Peng 是男孩,"他的名字"用 His;句首首字母大写。
2.Her
【解析】Amy 是女孩,"她的头发"用 Her;句首首字母大写。
3.His
【解析】Mike 是男孩,"他的眼睛"用 His;句首首字母大写。
4.Her
【解析】Lily 是女孩,"她的书包"用 Her;句首首字母大写。
5.Her
【解析】由 She 可知朋友是女孩,"她的名字"用 Her;句首首字母大写。
二、单项选择。
1.A
【解析】Mike 是男孩,"他的名字"用 His name is Mike.;B 项 He 是主格"他",不能修饰名词;C 项 Him 是宾格。
2.A
【解析】由答句 Sarah(人名)可知问的是"谁",用 Who's your best friend?;B 项问名字或事物,C 项问地点。
3.B
【解析】Lily 是女孩,"她的书包"用 Her bag;A 项 His 指男孩,C 项 She 是主格,后面不能直接接名词。
4.A
【解析】He's 是 He is 的缩写,意为"他是";his 意为"他的",两者拼写相近但意思不同。
5.A
【解析】由 a boy 可知朋友是男孩,"他的头发"用 His hair;B 项 Her 指女孩;C 项 He's 是"他是",不能修饰名词。
三、连词成句。
1.What's your friend's name?
【解析】询问名字句型 What's + 某人 + name?,注意 friend's 中的 's 表示"朋友的",句末用问号。
2.My best friend is Amy.
【解析】"My best friend + is + 人名",best friend(最好的朋友)词序固定。
3.Her name is Lucy.
【解析】"Her + name + is + 人名",Her 首字母大写,句末用句号。
4.He's my good friend.
【解析】"He's + a/my + 形容词 + 名词",He's = He is;good friend 意为"好朋友"。
四、按要求完成句子。
1.She isn't quiet.
【解析】肯定句改否定句:在 be 动词 is 后加 not,缩写为 isn't,后面内容不变。
2.Who's your best friend?
【解析】对人名 Amy 提问用 Who(谁),把 My 改为 your,即 Who's your best friend?
3.What's her name?
【解析】对名字 Lucy 提问用 What,句型为 What's her name?;her 不变,因为 still 指"她的名字"。
4.Is he tall and strong?
【解析】He's = He is,改为一般疑问句把 Is 提到句首,其余部分不变,句末用问号。
综合训练
一、单项选择。
1.A
【解析】"安静但有趣"前后是转折关系,用 but;and 表并列,or 表选择,均不合句意。
2.A
【解析】help sb. with sth. 意为"在某方面帮助某人",是固定搭配,"帮我学语文"用 helps me with my Chinese。
3.A
【解析】make + sb. + 动词原形,意为"让某人做某事","让我微笑"用 make me smile,smile 不加 -s。
4.A
【解析】Zhang Peng 和 Mike 是两个人,"两者都"用 both;all 指"三者或以上都",too 意为"也",放句尾。
5.A
【解析】图书馆要保持安静(Be quiet);玩游戏、讲笑话都会打扰别人,不合语境。
6.A
【解析】别人帮了你,应该说 Thank you.(谢谢你);B 项告别用语,C 项答非所问。
7.B
【解析】English 是以元音音素 /ɪ/ 开头的单词,"一本英语书"用 An English book;a 用于辅音音素开头前。
8.A
【解析】和朋友一起踢足球说 Let's play football together.(让我们一起踢足球吧);B 项"去睡觉"、C 项"做家务"都不合语境。
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.reads
【解析】主语 My friend 是第三人称单数,often 标志一般现在时,read 加 -s 变成 reads。
2.play
【解析】主语 Zhang Peng and John 是两个人(复数),动词用原形 play。
3.share
【解析】Let's = Let us,后面接动词原形,share the books 意为"分享图书"。
4.is
【解析】主语 My best friend 是第三人称单数,be 动词用 is。
5.draw
【解析】主语 I 是第一人称,一般现在时动词用原形 draw;draw pictures 意为"画画"。
三、连词成句。
1.We often play games together.
【解析】频度副词 often 放在实义动词 play 之前;together(一起)放句末。
2.My friend is tall and strong.
【解析】"主语 + be + 形容词 + and + 形容词",tall and strong(又高又壮)是固定说法。
3.He often helps me with my English.
【解析】help sb. with sth. 结构,主语 He 是三单,help 加 -s;often 放在 helps 之前。
4.We read books together after class.
【解析】"主语 + 动词 + 宾语 + together + 时间",after class(课后)放句末。
四、补全对话。
1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D 5.E
【解析】对话场景是"介绍班里新朋友 Mike"的联系生活小故事。第 1 空下句 His name is Mike.(他的名字叫迈克)反推问句是"他叫什么名字",选 A;第 2 空问句 Is he tall? 的肯定回答,选 B;第 3 空下句介绍外貌"他留短发、有大眼睛",选 C;第 4 空下句回答"我们经常一起读书",反推问句"你们经常一起做什么",选 D;第 5 空与后文 We often play games after class, too. 相承,选 E。
五、选词补全短文。
1.A(best) 2.B(tall) 3.C(hair) 4.D(big) 5.E(quiet)
6.F(helps) 7.G(read) 8.H(smile) 9.I(play) 10.J(together)
【解析】短文讲"我的好朋友莉莉"的生活小故事。第 1 空 best friend(最好的朋友)是固定短语;第 2 空 tall and thin(又高又瘦)描述外形;第 3 空 long hair(长头发),hair 不可数;第 4 空 big eyes(大眼睛);第 5 空 quiet and kind(文静又友善)描述性格;第 6 空主语 She 是三单,"帮助我学英语"用 helps;第 7 空 read books(读书);第 8 空 make me smile(逗我微笑),make 后接动词原形;第 9 空 play games(玩游戏);第 10 空 together(一起)放句末。
单元知识点梳理(Unit 2 My friends)
一、重点单词
friend 朋友 best 最好的 new 新的 tall 高的 short 矮的;短的
strong 强壮的 thin 瘦的 quiet 安静的 funny 有趣的;爱笑的 kind 友善的
friendly 友好的 hair 头发 his 他的 her 她的 both 两者都
all 全部 always 总是 read 阅读 help 帮助 play 玩耍
game 游戏 football 足球 basketball 篮球运动 share 分享 Chinese 中文;中国的
二、重点短语
a new friend 一个新朋友 best friend 最好的朋友 tall and strong 又高又壮
short and thin 又矮又瘦 long hair 长头发 short hair 短头发 big eyes 大眼睛
read books 读书 play games 玩游戏 play football 踢足球 after class 课后
help me with English 帮我学英语 make me smile 逗我微笑 draw pictures 画画
be quiet 保持安静 get along 相处融洽 together 一起
三、核心句型
1.—What's your friend's name? 你朋友叫什么名字?—His name is Zhang Peng. 他叫张鹏。
2.—Who's your best friend? 谁是你最好的朋友?—My best friend is Amy. 我最好的朋友是埃米。
3.He's tall and strong. 他又高又壮。
4.She has long hair and big eyes. 她有长头发和大眼睛。
5.—Is she quiet? 她文静吗?—No, she isn't. She is funny. 不,她不是。她很有趣。
6.He often helps me with my Chinese. 他经常帮助我学语文。
7.We often play games together after class. 我们经常课后一起玩游戏。
8.I have a new friend. 我有一个新朋友。
四、语法聚焦
1.have / has 表示"有":主语是 I、you 或复数时用 have;主语是第三人称单数(he, she, it 或单个人名)时用 has。如:I have a new friend. / She has short hair.
2.have / has 后接名词描述朋友的外貌:He has short hair. / She has long hair and big eyes.;hair(头发)不可数,不能加 -s;eye 可数,两只眼睛用 eyes。
3.形容词性物主代词 his(他的)/ her(她的)后面必须接名词:his name, her hair, her schoolbag。his 用于男性,her 用于女性。
4.He's = He is(他是),与 his(他的)拼写相近,注意区分:He's tall. / his tall ✗。
5.—What's your friend's name? —His / Her name is... 询问朋友的名字;—Who's your best friend? —My best friend is... 询问最好的朋友是谁。
6.Is he / she + 形容词? 询问性格外貌,肯定回答 Yes, he / she is.,否定回答 No, he / she isn't.。
7.help sb. with sth. 意为"在某方面帮助某人":He helps me with my English.;make + sb. + 动词原形:He often makes me smile.。
8.and 表并列(tall and strong),but 表转折(quiet but funny / quiet but kind);both 意为"两者都"(We both like reading.)。
9.主语是第三人称单数时,一般现在时的动词要加 -s:reads, plays, helps;主语是复数时动词用原形:They play games.。
10.语音:字母组合 sh 发 /ʃ/ 音,如 she, ship, shop, fish, English, shell, share。
五、易错提醒
1.have / has 的选择只看主语:She has long hair.(不能写 She have long hair.);We have four good friends.(不能写 We has...)。
2.hair 是不可数名词:She has long hair.(不能写 She has long hairs.);big eyes 中 eye 要用复数。
3.his / her 后面必须接名词,并注意男女对应:Mike is a boy. His bag is blue.(不能写 Her bag...)。
4.区分 He's(他是)与 his(他的):He's my friend. / His name is Mike.,不要混写。
5.help sb. with sth. 中用 with:He helps me with my Chinese.(不能写 helps me my Chinese)。
6.make 后接动词原形:He often makes me smile.(不能写 makes me smiles)。
7.both 指"两者都",all 指"三者及以上都":Zhang Peng and Mike both like football.(两个人用 both)。
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