Unit 4 Once upon a Time 一般现在时和一般过去时对比（核心语法精练）英语新教材鲁教版五四学制七年级上册

**基本信息** 通过对比表格系统梳理一般现在时与一般过去时的核心区别，分层设计基础到综合练习，强化时态辨析与应用能力，提升语言理解与表达的准确性。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |知识回顾|1对比表格|通过概念、构成、关键词三维对比，结合频度副词特殊用法辨析|概念→构成→关键词→特殊用法，构建时态认知框架| |考点夯基|填空15题/选择15题/完成句子15题/句型转换15题|动词形式变化（如fly-flew）、时态标志词判断（yesterday/every day）、否定/疑问句式转换|从单一动词填空到句式转换，逐步提升时态应用复杂度| |综合提升|语法选择1篇/短文填空1篇|语境中综合判断时态，结合上下文理解时态呼应（如过去动作描述）|从单句到语篇，实现时态知识的情境化迁移与综合运用|

Unit 4 Once upon a Time 核心语法精练 （一般现在时和一般过去时对比） 目录 二、考点夯基 2 一、用所给单词的正确形式填空 2 二、单项选择 2 三、完成句子 4 四、句型转换 5 一、语法选择 6 二、短文填空 7 一般现在时和一般过去时对比 一般现在时 一般过去时 概念 表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态；普遍真理、科学事实等不受时间限制的客观存在。 表示过去发生的动作或状态；过去常常发生的动作。 构成 1 主语+be+其他 2 主语+实意动词（原形/单三）+其他 1 主语+be过去式+其他 2 主语+动词过去式+其他 关键词 always, usually, often, sometimes, never, every+时间(every day, every year), 次数+时间段(once a week, three times a month), in the morning/afternoon/evening等。 yesterday, the day before yesterday, last+时间(last night, last year), 时间段+ago(two weeks ago), just now等 【注意】通常情况下，一般现在时与频度副词(如 often、always等)连用，但一般过去时也可与频度副词连用，表示过去某个动作发生的频率。 He always played basketball with his classmates after school last term. 上学期放学后，他总是和同学们一起打篮球。 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1．Tony ________ (fly) to Australia with his parents last Monday. 2．Last weekend, they ________ (make) colorful paper stars in the art club. 3．We _________ (visit) a science museum yesterday. 4．I ________ (meet) my best friend on my way to school yesterday. 5．Mark Twain ________ (become) very famous in the 1860s. 6．Peter ________ (create) a fun game for his friends to play just now. 7．—Did you have breakfast? —Yes, I ________ an egg and porridge. (have) 8．After we talked for an hour, my Mom finally ________ with me. (agree) 9．Miss Li was so busy that she didn’t ________ on a trip with her family. (go) 10．When she walked along the street, she ________ (hear) the sound of drums. 11．The old man ________ (experience) lots of difficulties in his past life. 12．I ________ (realize) it was important to get up early in the morning. 13．I ________ (see) a lovely cat on my way to school yesterday 14．They ________ (fill) the bag with books and took it out. 15．Mr. Li went to the library and ________ (bring) back some books. 二、单项选择。 1．— How was your school trip to Mount Mulan last weekend? — It was wonderful. We ________ the forest and found a small waterfall. A．brought B．compared C．dropped D．explored 2．Zhao Li started his interest in insects when he ________ 4 or 5 years old. A．is B．are C．was D．were 3．—Betty, did you see Mickey Mouse in Disneyland? —No, but I _________ Snow White and talked with her. A．meet B．will meet C．met   D．meeting 4．My sister ________ a new bike yesterday because her old one was broken. A．buys B．bought C．will buy D．is buying 5．Mrs White usually ________ some shopping at the market, but today she ________ online because it rained. A．did; shopped B．did; shops C．does; shops D．does; shopped 6．Jenny ________ Harbin, Heilongjiang in February and watched the Harbin Asian Winter Games. A．visit B．visited C．visits D．is visiting 7．Jenny usually ________ to the mountains on weekends, but she ________ her uncle last weekend. A．went; visits B．went; visited C．goes; visits D．goes; visited 8．My uncle lives in Beijing now, but he ________ in Shanghai three years ago. A．lives B．lived C．is living D．will live 9．Nina ________ luosifen for the first time and said she wanted to have it again. A．sold B．tasted C．saw D．carried 10．My spoken English ________ a lot after I practiced speaking every day. A．improves B．is improving C．will improve D．improved 11．My mother ________ TV last night, but she cleaned the room. A．doesn’t watch B．isn’t watching C．didn’t watch D．won’t watch 12．—Did you ________ a kite in the park yesterday? —Yes, I ________. A．fly; did B．flew; did C．fly; do D．flew; do 13．—Where is your father? —He ________ his car in the yard. He ________ it last Sunday too. A．washes; washes B．is washing; washed C．washed; is washing D．is washing; washes 14．My grandma always ________ me stories before I went to bed when I was little. A．tells B．told C．is telling D．will tell 15．—Did you see any animals in the zoo? —Yes, I ________ some beautiful giraffes. They’re quite tall. A． see B．sees C．saw D．am seeing 3、 完成句子。 1．上周我们班去了一个农场旅行。 Last week, our class ________ ________ a trip to a farm. 2．他们上周六成功登上了泰山顶峰。 They ________________ in getting to the top of Mount Taishan last Saturday. 3．上周末，我和朋友们决定去爬山。 Last weekend, my friends and I _____ to climb a mountain. 4．去年西蒙通过卖旧故事书赚钱，来帮助生病的孩子。 Last year, Simon ________ ________ by selling old storybooks to help sick children. 5．自年少时，徐霞客就梦想着访遍中国的山海。 From an early age, Xu Xiake ________ ________ visiting China’s seas and mountains. 6．乌鸦衔起一块又一块的石头，把它们慢慢地放进瓶子里。 It picked up one stone after another and ________ them into the bottle. 7．上周末，我们去参观了世界最高桥——花江峡谷大桥。 Last weekend, we ________ ________ visit the tallest bridge in the world—Huajiang Canyon Bridge. 8．玛丽一家去北京路闲逛并买了暖和的衣物。 Mary’s family ________ through Beijing Road and bought some warm clothes. 9．他减少了看视频和玩游戏的时间。 He ________ ________ on his video and game time. 10．昨天我帮我妈妈打扫了房间。 I ________ my mother ________ the room yesterday. 11．昨晚老鼠咬破了网。 The mouse ________ ________ the net last night. 12．赛前，我们所有人都期待这场班级合唱比赛。 We all ________ the class singing competition before it started. 13．去年，我做了一个狗狗雕塑，还获了奖。 Last year, I made a sculpture of a dog and ____________________. 14．老师带领我们参观了博物馆。 The teacher ________ us ________ visit the museum. 15．他昨天仔细地在笔记本上写下他朋友的新家庭住址。 He carefully ________ ________ his friend’s new home address in his notebook yesterday. 4、 句型转换。 1．I flew a kite last weekend. (就划线部分提问) ________ did you ________ last weekend? 2．We had some bread and milk for breakfast this morning. (改为否定句) We _________ have any bread _________ milk for breakfast this morning. 3．Tony liked playing football better than swimming in his free time. (同义句转换) Tony ________ playing football ________ swimming in his free time. 4．I went to the museum with my parents yesterday. (改为一般疑问句) ________ you ________ to the museum with your parents yesterday? 5．Linda’s father bought a new bike for Linda.(改为否定句) Linda’s father ________ ________ a new bike for Linda. 6．We learned many old things on that special day. (对划线部分提问) What ________ you ________ on that special day? 7．Were you afraid of dogs before, Mike?（作肯定回答） Yes, ________ ________. 8．They went to the USA last week.（对画线部分提问） ________ ________ they go last week? 9．Tony often takes photos.(用yesterday改写句子) Tony ________ ________ yesterday. 10．It was raining heavily. She went to school on time.（合并为一句） ________ it was raining heavily, she ________ to school on time. 11．We went to Xihu Park yesterday. (改为一般疑问句) ________ you ________ to Xihu Park yesterday? 12．This girl set the fish free after catching it.（改为否定句） This girl ________ ________ the fish free after catching it. 13．We had a football match last Friday.（对划线部分提问） ________ ________ you have a football match? 14．We played ping-pong last Sunday. （改为一般疑问句） ________ you ________ ping-pong last Sunday? 15．I was in Shanghai yesterday. (改为一般疑问句并作否定回答) —________ you in Shanghai yesterday? —No, I ________. 一、语法选择 根据短文内容，从A、B、C、D三个选项中选出一个语法正确的答案，并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。 A woman had two water buckets (桶). One of the buckets had a hole in it. The other bucket was 1 and could hold water without leaking (泄漏). Every day, during the long walk from the river to her house, the woman 2 the two buckets of water. This 3 every day for two years. The nice bucket was proud of itself, for it always 4 a full bucket of water home. But the bucket with the hole in it was 5 . It thought it was 6 and useless. One day, it said to the woman, “I feel bad because this 7 in my side causes water to leak out all the way to your house. I can’t even do my job well!” The old woman smiled and said, “Did you see that there are flowers on your side of the path, 8 not on the other bucket’s side?” “That’s because I 9 flower seeds (种子) on your side of the path long ago. Every day when we walk back, you 10 them with the leaked water. I have used these beautiful flowers to decorate (装饰) my house for two years. Without you, my house wouldn’t be so colorful and 11 . I even 12 some flowers to my neighbors, and they all loved them.” The holey bucket felt warm inside. It realized that its “weakness” had 13 something wonderful. Just like the bucket, we all have our own 14 . But these things can sometimes make our lives more interesting and meaningful. We should learn to 15 our flaws (缺点) and turn them into strengths. 1．A．bigger B．better C．cleaner D．thicker 2．A．needed B．drank C．carried D．found 3．A．went away B．went off C．went back D．went on 4．A．lost B．brought C．left D．wasted 5．A．relaxed B．unhappy C．excited D．tired 6．A．perfect B．strong C．lazy D．broken 7．A．hole B．spot C．mark D．weight 8．A．so B．or C．but D．if 9．A．planted B．bought C．picked D．washed 10．A．notice B．move C．see D．water 11．A．large B．beautiful C．strong D．quiet 12．A．gave B．sold C．threw D．kept 13．A．bought B．created C．stopped D．said 14．A．interests B．plans C．problems D．ideas 15．A．hate B．ignore C．accept D．Receive 二、语法填空 阅读下列短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Oscar Wilde is a famous 1 (write) from Ireland. He is born in Dublin in 1854 and studies at Trinity College and later at Oxford University. He is known for his sharp wit and his works, including plays, 2 (story) and poetry. His only novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray, shocks Victorian society. His plays, such as The Importance of Being Earnest, make fun of the upper class and remain popular today. His writing shows 3 unusual ability to mix humor with deep meaning. In 1888, Wilde writes The Happy Prince and Other Tales for his two sons. One of the stories, The Fisherman and His Soul, tells of a young fisherman. One day, he 4 (catch) a mermaid in his net. The mermaid is really beautiful so he falls in love 5 her. However, he learns that he cannot be with her 6 he has a human soul. To be with her, he must 7 (send) away his soul. With the help of a witch, he finally makes it. After that, his soul travels the world alone. It comes back every year, trying to tempt the fisherman with riches, power, and adventures. But the fisherman always refuses because his love for the mermaid proves 8 (strong) than everything. The story explores themes of temptation and love. 9 (it) language is poetic and full of allegory, with influences from the East. The meaning goes much deeper than it first appears. Many readers enjoy 10 (find) out who wins in the end, and the story stays with them long after they finish reading. 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Once upon a Time 核心语法精练 （一般现在时和一般过去时对比） 目录 二、考点夯基 3 一、用所给单词的正确形式填空 3 二、单项选择 4 三、完成句子 5 四、句型转换 6 一、语法选择 7 二、短文填空 8 一般现在时和一般过去时对比 一般现在时 一般过去时 概念 表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态；普遍真理、科学事实等不受时间限制的客观存在。 表示过去发生的动作或状态；过去常常发生的动作。 构成 1 主语+be+其他 2 主语+实意动词（原形/单三）+其他 1 主语+be过去式+其他 2 主语+动词过去式+其他 关键词 always, usually, often, sometimes, never, every+时间(every day, every year), 次数+时间段(once a week, three times a month), in the morning/afternoon/evening等。 yesterday, the day before yesterday, last+时间(last night, last year), 时间段+ago(two weeks ago), just now等 【注意】通常情况下，一般现在时与频度副词(如 often、always等)连用，但一般过去时也可与频度副词连用，表示过去某个动作发生的频率。 He always played basketball with his classmates after school last term. 上学期放学后，他总是和同学们一起打篮球。 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1．Tony ________ (fly) to Australia with his parents last Monday. 【答案】flew 【详解】句意：托尼上周一和他的父母一起乘飞机去了澳大利亚。句中的时间状语是“last Monday”，表示过去的时间，时态为一般过去时，谓语动词应用过去式flew。 2．Last weekend, they ________ (make) colorful paper stars in the art club. 【答案】made 【详解】句意：上周末，他们在艺术俱乐部制作了彩色的纸星星。根据时间状语“Last weekend”（上周末）可知，句子描述的是过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时。“make”的过去式为made。 3．We _________ (visit) a science museum yesterday. 【答案】visited 【详解】句意：我们昨天参观了一个科学博物馆。时间状语“yesterday”表明动作发生在过去，因此句子应使用一般过去时；动词visit的过去式是visited。 4．I ________ (meet) my best friend on my way to school yesterday. 【答案】met 【详解】句意：昨天在我去上学的路上，我遇见了我最好的朋友。句中“yesterday”为过去的时间状语，提示动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，meet的过去式为met。 5．Mark Twain ________ (become) very famous in the 1860s. 【答案】became 【详解】句意：马克·吐温在19世纪60年代就变得非常有名了。时间状语“in the 1860s”提示使用一般过去时，become的过去式是became。 6．Peter ________ (create) a fun game for his friends to play just now. 【答案】created 【详解】句意：彼得刚才为朋友们制作了一款好玩的游戏。句中时间标志词“just now”意为“刚才”，描述过去发生的动作，要用一般过去时，动词create的过去式为created，因此填created。 7．—Did you have breakfast? —Yes, I ________ an egg and porridge. (have) 【答案】had 【详解】句意：——你吃过早饭了吗？——吃过了，我吃了一个鸡蛋和粥。问句使用助动词Did，为一般过去时的疑问句，说明“吃早饭”这件事发生在过去，答句对应使用一般过去时，have的过去式为had。 8．After we talked for an hour, my Mom finally ________ with me. (agree) 【答案】agreed 【详解】句意：我们聊了一个小时后，妈妈终于同意了我的意见。根据时间状语从句“After we talked for an hour”，主句的动作也发生在过去，所以要用一般过去时；“agree”的过去式是“agreed”。 9．Miss Li was so busy that she didn’t ________ on a trip with her family. (go) 【答案】go 【详解】句意：李老师太忙了，没能和家人一起去旅行。助动词didn’t后必须使用动词原形，因此填go。 10．When she walked along the street, she ________ (hear) the sound of drums. 【答案】heard 【详解】句意：当她在街上走的时候，她听到了鼓声。根据从句中的“walked”可知，句子应用一般过去时。hear的过去式为heard，故填heard。 11．The old man ________ (experience) lots of difficulties in his past life. 【答案】experienced 【详解】句意：这位老人在过往的人生中经历了许许多多的困难。句中的“in his past life”表示过去的时间段，句子要使用一般过去时，谓语动词需要变为过去式。括号内给出的单词experience，此处它用作动词，含义为“经历”；它的过去式是规则变化，直接在末尾加-d，所以填experienced。 12．I ________ (realize) it was important to get up early in the morning. 【答案】realized 【详解】句意：我意识到早上早起是很重要的。 从句中was为一般过去时，主从句时态保持一致，主句动词用过去式；realize的过去式是realized。 13．I ________ (see) a lovely cat on my way to school yesterday 【答案】saw 【详解】句意：我昨天在上学路上看到了一只可爱的猫。句中时间状语yesterday表明动作发生在过去，谓语需要用一般过去时，提示词see的一般过去式为saw，saw在句中作谓语。故填saw。 14．They ________ (fill) the bag with books and took it out. 【答案】filled 【详解】句意：他们把书装满袋子，然后拿了出去。and连接并列谓语，took是过去式，说明句子时态为一般过去时，fill变过去式filled。 15．Mr. Li went to the library and ________ (bring) back some books. 【答案】brought 【详解】句意：李先生去了图书馆，带回了一些书。and连接并列谓语，前面动词went是go的过去式，句子为一般过去时，bring的过去式是brought。 二、单项选择。 1．— How was your school trip to Mount Mulan last weekend? — It was wonderful. We ________ the forest and found a small waterfall. A．brought B．compared C．dropped D．explored 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你上周末去木兰山的学校旅行怎么样？——很棒。我们探索了森林并且发现了一个小瀑布。 brought带来；compared比较；dropped掉落；explored探索。根据“We ... the forest and found a small waterfall.”可知在旅行中探索森林才发现瀑布，explored符合语境。 2．Zhao Li started his interest in insects when he ________ 4 or 5 years old. A．is B．are C．was D．were 【答案】C 【详解】句意：赵立在四五岁时就开始对昆虫产生兴趣。 根据主句谓语动词“started”可知，句子时态为一般过去时；从句主语是he，be动词应用was。 3．—Betty, did you see Mickey Mouse in Disneyland? —No, but I _________ Snow White and talked with her. A．meet B．will meet C．met   D．meeting 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——Betty，你在迪士尼乐园看到米老鼠了吗？——没有，但我遇到了白雪公主并且和她交谈了。 根据答语中talked可知句子描述的是过去发生的事情，时态为一般过去时，and连接并列谓语，前后时态保持一致，所以空白处应用meet的过去式met。 4．My sister ________ a new bike yesterday because her old one was broken. A．buys B．bought C．will buy D．is buying 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我妹妹昨天买了一辆新自行车，因为她的旧车坏了。 buys买（第三人称单数）；bought买（过去式）；will buy将要买（一般将来时）；is buying正在买（现在进行时）。根据时间状语“yesterday”可知，句子应用一般过去时，谓语动词应用过去式bought。 5．Mrs White usually ________ some shopping at the market, but today she ________ online because it rained. A．did; shopped B．did; shops C．does; shops D．does; shopped 【答案】D 【详解】句意：怀特夫人通常在市场上购物，但今天因为下雨她在网上购物了。 第一空根据“usually”可知是一般现在时，主语“Mrs White”是第三人称单数，谓语动词用does；第二空根据“today”及“because it rained”可知描述的是今天发生过的动作，用一般过去时shopped。故填does; shopped。 6．Jenny ________ Harbin, Heilongjiang in February and watched the Harbin Asian Winter Games. A．visit B．visited C．visits D．is visiting 【答案】B 【详解】句意：珍妮二月份去了黑龙江哈尔滨，并观看了哈尔滨亚冬会。 根据句中并列连词“and”后的“watched”可知，前后时态保持一致，应用过去式visited。 7．Jenny usually ________ to the mountains on weekends, but she ________ her uncle last weekend. A．went; visits B．went; visited C．goes; visits D．goes; visited 【答案】D 【详解】句意：Jenny通常周末去爬山，但上周末她去看望了她叔叔。 根据“usually”可知第一空表示习惯性动作，需用一般现在时，主语Jenny是第三人称单数，故用goes；根据“last weekend”可知，第二空表示过去发生的动作，需用一般过去时，故用visited。 8．My uncle lives in Beijing now, but he ________ in Shanghai three years ago. A．lives B．lived C．is living D．will live 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我叔叔现在住在北京，但是他三年前住在上海。 lives第三人称单数；lived过去式；is living现在进行时；will live一般将来时。句中时间状语“three years ago”，提示句子描述的是过去的状态，应用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式lived。 9．Nina ________ luosifen for the first time and said she wanted to have it again. A．sold B．tasted C．saw D．carried 【答案】B 【详解】句意：妮娜第一次品尝了螺蛳粉，她说她想再吃一次。 sold卖；tasted品尝；saw看见；carried携带。根据“said she wanted to have it again”可知，她想再吃一次，说明她之前尝过了觉得好吃，符合语境。 10．My spoken English ________ a lot after I practiced speaking every day. A．improves B．is improving C．will improve D．improved 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在我每天练习口语之后，我的英语口语提高了很多。 improves提高，一般现在时；is improving正在提高，现在进行时；will improve将要提高，一般将来时；improved提高了，一般过去时。根据从句“after I practiced speaking every day”中的谓语动词“practiced”为过去式，可知主句动作也发生在过去，用一般过去时。故选D。 11．My mother ________ TV last night, but she cleaned the room. A．doesn’t watch B．isn’t watching C．didn’t watch D．won’t watch 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我妈妈昨天晚上没有看电视，但她打扫了房间。 根据时间状语“last night”可知，句子是一般过去时，谓语动词是实义动词，改为否定句要借助助动词did，didn’t放在实义动词前，实义动词用原形，watch TV意为“看电视”，是固定短语。 12．—Did you ________ a kite in the park yesterday? —Yes, I ________. A．fly; did B．flew; did C．fly; do D．flew; do 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你昨天在公园放风筝了吗？——是的，我放了。 第一空：句首有助动词Did，构成一般过去时的一般疑问句，谓语动词需用原形fly；第二空：一般过去时的一般疑问句肯定回答结构为“Yes, 主语+did”。 13．—Where is your father? —He ________ his car in the yard. He ________ it last Sunday too. A．washes; washes B．is washing; washed C．washed; is washing D．is washing; washes 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你父亲在哪里？——他正在院子里洗他的车。他上周日也洗了它。 第一空，根据问句“Where is your father?”可知询问此刻的状态，答语表示动作正在进行，应用现在进行时，结构为“be+doing”，主语He对应is washing；第二空，根据时间状语“last Sunday”可知动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，wash的过去式为washed。 14．My grandma always ________ me stories before I went to bed when I was little. A．tells B．told C．is telling D．will tell 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当我小的时候，我奶奶总是在我睡觉前给我讲故事。 根据时间状语“when I was little”及从句中的“went”可知，句子描述的是过去习惯性发生的动作，谓语动词应用一般过去时。应填told。 15．—Did you see any animals in the zoo? —Yes, I ________ some beautiful giraffes. They’re quite tall. A．see B．sees C．saw D．am seeing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你在动物园看到任何动物了吗？——是的，我看到了一些漂亮的长颈鹿。它们相当高。 根据问句“Did you see any animals in the zoo?”可知是一般过去时的一般疑问句，答语描述过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时，see的过去式为saw。 3、 完成句子。 1．上周我们班去了一个农场旅行。 Last week, our class ________ ________ a trip to a farm. 【答案】 went on 【详解】原句中“去……旅行”是关键词，“去……旅行”的英文表达是go on a trip，根据“Last week”可知，此处用一般过去时，go的过去式是went。 2．他们上周六成功登上了泰山顶峰。 They ________________ in getting to the top of Mount Taishan last Saturday. 【答案】succeeded 【详解】原句中“成功”是关键词，表示“成功做某事”的短语是succeed in doing sth.。句中“last Saturday”为一般过去时标志，succeed的过去式直接加-ed，构成succeeded。 3．上周末，我和朋友们决定去爬山。 Last weekend, my friends and I _____ to climb a mountain. 【答案】decided 【详解】句中时间状语“Last weekend”表明动作发生在过去，谓语需用过去式。原句中“决定”是关键词，用英文表达为decide，其过去式为decided。 4．去年西蒙通过卖旧故事书赚钱，来帮助生病的孩子。 Last year, Simon ________ ________ by selling old storybooks to help sick children. 【答案】 made money 【详解】原句中“赚钱”是关键词；固定短语make money意为“赚钱”，时间状语Last year提示时态为一般过去时，make需要变为过去式made。 5．自年少时，徐霞客就梦想着访遍中国的山海。 From an early age, Xu Xiake ________ ________ visiting China’s seas and mountains. 【答案】 dreamed of 【详解】原句中“梦想着”是关键词，表示“梦想着”的短语是dream of。本句描述的是徐霞客从年少时开始的状态或动作，句子应用一般过去时，动词需用过去式，故填dreamed；of。 6．乌鸦衔起一块又一块的石头，把它们慢慢地放进瓶子里。 It picked up one stone after another and ________ them into the bottle. 【答案】slowly dropped/slowly put 【详解】原句中“慢慢地放进”是关键词，表示该含义的短语是slowly dropped。本句为一般过去时，and前后谓语动词时态保持一致。 同时，put也符合语法语境：原句中“放进”是关键词，表示“放置”的短语是put。本句为一般过去时，put的过去式仍为put。 7．上周末，我们去参观了世界最高桥——花江峡谷大桥。 Last weekend, we ________ ________ visit the tallest bridge in the world—Huajiang Canyon Bridge. 【答案】 went to 【详解】句子中“去”为关键词，go to visit表示“去参观”，时间状语为Last weekend，应使用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，空处应填went；to。 8．玛丽一家去北京路闲逛并买了暖和的衣物。 Mary’s family ________ through Beijing Road and bought some warm clothes. 【答案】wandered 【详解】原句中“闲逛”是关键词，表示“闲逛”的单词是wander。固定短语：wander through表示“闲逛、漫无目的地溜达”。并列连词“and”连接两个谓语，后面“bought”是“buy”的过去式，前面动词必须用过去式。故填wandered。 9．他减少了看视频和玩游戏的时间。 He ________ ________ on his video and game time. 【答案】 cut down 【详解】原句中“减少”是关键词，表示“减少”的短语是cut down。本句动作已经完成，使用一般过去时，cut的过去式形式不变。故填cut；down。 10．昨天我帮我妈妈打扫了房间。 I ________ my mother ________ the room yesterday. 【答案】 helped clean/to clean 【详解】原句中“帮”和“打扫”是关键词，表示“帮助”的动词是help，help sb do/to do sth“帮助某人做某事”，动词短语；表示“打扫”的动词是clean；时间状语“yesterday”提示句子应用一般过去时，谓语动词应用过去式helped。 11．昨晚老鼠咬破了网。 The mouse ________ ________ the net last night. 【答案】 bit through 【详解】原句中“咬破”是关键词，表示“咬破”的短语是bite through。本句为一般过去时，动词bite需使用过去式bit。故①填bit；②填through。 12．赛前，我们所有人都期待这场班级合唱比赛。 We all ________ the class singing competition before it started. 【答案】looked forward to 【详解】原句关键词“期待”对应短语look forward to；时间状语从句“before it started”提示使用一般过去时，谓语动词使用过去式looked。 13．去年，我做了一个狗狗雕塑，还获了奖。 Last year, I made a sculpture of a dog and ____________________. 【答案】won an award/got an award/won a prize 【详解】原句中“获了奖”是关键词，表示“获奖”的短语是win an award/get an award/win a prize。本句为一般过去时，and连接并列谓语，前面made为过去式，此处动词需使用过去式。故填won an award/got an award/won a prize。 14．老师带领我们参观了博物馆。 The teacher ________ us ________ visit the museum. 【答案】 led to 【详解】原句中“带领”是关键词，表示“带领某人做某事”的短语是lead sb. to do sth.；句子叙述已经发生的事情，时态用一般过去时，lead的过去式为led。故填led；to。 15．他昨天仔细地在笔记本上写下他朋友的新家庭住址。 He carefully ________ ________ his friend’s new home address in his notebook yesterday. 【答案】 wrote down 【详解】原句中“写下”是关键词，表示“写下”的短语是write down。由“yesterday”可知，本句为一般过去时，谓语动词要用过去式，write的过去式为wrote，因此填写wrote down。 4、 句型转换。 1．I flew a kite last weekend. (就划线部分提问) ________ did you ________ last weekend? 【答案】 What do 【详解】句意：我上周末放风筝了。划线部分“flew a kite”表示动作，对动作提问用特殊疑问词What，且位于句首，需大写首字母；同时原句的动作需要用实义动词do来代替，助动词did后接动词原形。故填What；do。 2．We had some bread and milk for breakfast this morning. (改为否定句) We _________ have any bread _________ milk for breakfast this morning. 【答案】 didn’t or 【详解】句意：今天早上我们早餐吃了一些面包和牛奶。原句谓语动词“had”是过去式，表明句子为一般过去时。改为否定句需借助助动词didn’t，后接动词原形have。在否定句中，连接两个并列成分时，将“and”改为or。故填didn’t；or。 3．Tony liked playing football better than swimming in his free time. (同义句转换) Tony ________ playing football ________ swimming in his free time. 【答案】 preferred to 【详解】句意：托尼在空闲时间喜欢踢足球胜过游泳。原句中“更喜欢足球而不是游泳”是关键词，表示“比起游泳更喜欢足球”的短语是“prefer playing football to swimming”。本句描述过去的一般情况，应用一般过去时，“prefer”的过去式需双写末尾辅音字母“r”再加“-ed”，故填preferred；to。 4．I went to the museum with my parents yesterday. (改为一般疑问句) ________ you ________ to the museum with your parents yesterday? 【答案】 Did go 【详解】句意：我昨天和父母一起去博物馆了。原句为一般过去时，变一般疑问句时，将助动词Did提到主语前，谓语动词went还原为原形go，主语I变为you。 5．Linda’s father bought a new bike for Linda.(改为否定句) Linda’s father ________ ________ a new bike for Linda. 【答案】 didn’t buy 【详解】句意：琳达的爸爸给琳达买了辆新的自行车。原句谓语动词“bought”是buy的过去式，表明句子为一般过去时。一般过去时中，实义动词变否定句需借助助动词didn’t，并将后面的动词bought还原为原形buy。 6．We learned many old things on that special day. (对划线部分提问) What ________ you ________ on that special day? 【答案】 did learn 【详解】句意：在那个特殊的日子里我们学到了许多古老的东西。划线部分为“many old things”，对事物内容提问用疑问词“What”。原句为一般过去时（learned），谓语为实义动词，疑问句中需借助助动词“did”放在主语“you”前，动词“learn”恢复原形，故填did；learn。 7．Were you afraid of dogs before, Mike?（作肯定回答） Yes, ________ ________. 【答案】 I was 【详解】句意：迈克，你以前害怕狗吗？本句是以Were you开头的一般过去时一般疑问句，作肯定回答时，第二人称you要改为第一人称I，对应的be动词匹配单数主语使用was。 8．They went to the USA last week.（对画线部分提问） ________ ________ they go last week? 【答案】 Where did 【详解】句意：他们上周去了美国。划线部分为“to the USA”，这里是提问地点，用疑问词Where来提问；原句谓语动词went是go的过去式，时态为一般过去时，变特殊疑问句需借助助动词did放在主语they前面，谓语动词还原为原形go，因此①应填Where， ②应填did。 9．Tony often takes photos.(用yesterday改写句子) Tony ________ ________ yesterday. 【答案】 took photos 【详解】句意：Tony经常拍照。用“yesterday”改写句子，表明句子时态需改为一般过去时。谓语动词takes需变为过去式took；宾语photos保持不变。 10．It was raining heavily. She went to school on time.（合并为一句） ________ it was raining heavily, she ________ to school on time. 【答案】 Although/Though went 【详解】句意：下得很大。她准时去上学。前句“雨下得很大”与后句“她按时到校”之间存在转折或让步关系（虽然……但是……）。引导让步状语从句常用Although或Though，意为“虽然”。位于句首，首字母需大写。原句动词为was和went，均为一般过去时，合并后的句子时态保持不变，所以第二空填went。 11．We went to Xihu Park yesterday. (改为一般疑问句) ________ you ________ to Xihu Park yesterday? 【答案】 Did go 【详解】句意：我们昨天去了西湖公园。根据时间状语yesterday和谓语动词went可知，原句为一般过去时。含有实义动词的一般过去时句子变一般疑问句，需借助助动词Did，置于句首，首字母大写。使用助动词Did后，谓语动词went必须还原为动词原形go。 12．This girl set the fish free after catching it.（改为否定句） This girl ________ ________ the fish free after catching it. 【答案】 didn’t set 【详解】句意：这个女孩抓到鱼后把它放生了。句子为一般过去时，谓语动词set是实义动词的过去式，改为否定句需要借助助动词didn’t，后面的动词要恢复为原形。 13．We had a football match last Friday.（对划线部分提问） ________ ________ you have a football match? 【答案】 When did 【详解】句意：上周五我们进行了一场足球比赛。你们什么时候进行了一场足球比赛？划线部分“last Friday”表示时间，对时间提问应使用疑问副词when，意为“什么时候”，放在句首，注意首字母大写；结合过去式“had”，句子用的是一般过去时，变为特殊疑问句时，需要借助助动词did，放在主语之前。 14．We played ping-pong last Sunday. （改为一般疑问句） ________ you ________ ping-pong last Sunday? 【答案】 Did play 【详解】句意：我们上周日打了乒乓球。句子为一般过去时，改为一般疑问句需要借助助动词Did，放在句首，首字母大写。原句中的谓语动词played是过去式，变为疑问句时需恢复为原形play。应填Did；play。 15．I was in Shanghai yesterday. (改为一般疑问句并作否定回答) —________ you in Shanghai yesterday? —No, I ________. 【答案】 Were wasn’t 【详解】句意：我昨天在上海。原句是含有be动词was的陈述句。变为一般疑问句时，主语I改为you，be动词was对应变为were并提到句首，首字母大写，句末改为问号，其余成分语序不变。问句主语是you，在回答时需换回主语I，以保持人称一致。肯定回答用Yes，主语+be动词（Yes, I was.）；否定回答用No，主语+be动词+not（No, I wasn’t.）。 一、语法选择 根据短文内容，从A、B、C、D三个选项中选出一个语法正确的答案，并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。 A woman had two water buckets (桶). One of the buckets had a hole in it. The other bucket was 1 and could hold water without leaking (泄漏). Every day, during the long walk from the river to her house, the woman 2 the two buckets of water. This 3 every day for two years. The nice bucket was proud of itself, for it always 4 a full bucket of water home. But the bucket with the hole in it was 5 . It thought it was 6 and useless. One day, it said to the woman, “I feel bad because this 7 in my side causes water to leak out all the way to your house. I can’t even do my job well!” The old woman smiled and said, “Did you see that there are flowers on your side of the path, 8 not on the other bucket’s side?” “That’s because I 9 flower seeds (种子) on your side of the path long ago. Every day when we walk back, you 10 them with the leaked water. I have used these beautiful flowers to decorate (装饰) my house for two years. Without you, my house wouldn’t be so colorful and 11 . I even 12 some flowers to my neighbors, and they all loved them.” The holey bucket felt warm inside. It realized that its “weakness” had 13 something wonderful. Just like the bucket, we all have our own 14 . But these things can sometimes make our lives more interesting and meaningful. We should learn to 15 our flaws (缺点) and turn them into strengths. 1．A．bigger B．better C．cleaner D．thicker 2．A．needed B．drank C．carried D．found 3．A．went away B．went off C．went back D．went on 4．A．lost B．brought C．left D．wasted 5．A．relaxed B．unhappy C．excited D．tired 6．A．perfect B．strong C．lazy D．broken 7．A．hole B．spot C．mark D．weight 8．A．so B．or C．but D．if 9．A．planted B．bought C．picked D．washed 10．A．notice B．move C．see D．water 11．A．large B．beautiful C．strong D．quiet 12．A．gave B．sold C．threw D．kept 13．A．bought B．created C．stopped D．said 14．A．interests B．plans C．problems D．ideas 15．A．hate B．ignore C．accept D．receive 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．D 4．B 5．B 6．D 7．A 8．C 9．A 10．D 11．B 12．A 13．B 14．C 15．C 【导语】本文讲述一位妇人有两只水桶，一只完好不漏，一只底部有洞漏水；破水桶自卑，妇人告知沿路因漏水浇灌花种开出鲜花，点明每个人的缺点也能创造美好，要接纳自身不足。 【详解】1．句意：另一只水桶更好，装水不会渗漏。 根据后文“could hold water without leaking”可知，这只水桶完好好用，better“更好的”符合语境；bigger“更大的”、cleaner“更干净的”、thicker“更厚的”均无法对应不漏水的优势。 2．句意：每天从河边到家里漫长路上，妇人提着两桶水。 carry water为固定搭配，表示“提水”，carried是carry过去式契合全文一般过去时；needed“需要”、drank“饮用”、found“发现”语义不通。 3．句意：这样的情况持续两年，日复一日。 go on表示“持续、一直发生”，went on为过去式匹配叙事时态；went away“离开”、went off“熄灭；出发”、went back“返回”不符合“每天重复提水”语境。 4．句意：完好的水桶为自己感到自豪，因为它总能把满满一桶水带回家。 brought a full bucket of water home符合“从河边提水回家”的语境；lost“丢失”、wasted“浪费”语义不符。 5．句意：但那只有洞的水桶很不开心。 后文它主动向妇人倾诉愧疚，能看出它情绪低落，unhappy“不开心的”贴合心理；relaxed“放松的”、excited“兴奋的”、tired“疲惫的”与自卑情绪相反。 6．句意：它觉得自己破损、毫无用处。 水桶有漏洞、总漏水，自认残缺无用，broken“破损的”对应桶上破洞；perfect“完美的”、strong“结实的”、lazy“懒惰的”和水桶现状矛盾。 7．句意：我很愧疚，因为我这边的洞一路漏水到你家。 前文交代水桶有一处破洞，hole“洞”完全对应原文线索；spot“斑点”、mark“印记”、weight“重量”均不能指代漏水缺口。 8．句意：你有没有留意路边你这一侧有鲜花，而另一侧没有？ 前后分句形成对比，but“但是”表转折；so“因此”表因果，or“或者；否则”表选择，if“如果”表假设，均无法体现两边有无鲜花的对比。 9．句意：很久以前我就在你这一侧路边种下花种。 plant seeds是固定搭配“播种”，planted为过去式匹配全文时态；bought“购买”、picked“采摘”、washed“清洗”不能搭配花种。 10．句意：每天我们走回来时，你用漏出来的水浇灌它们。 后文鲜花盛开，water此处作动词意为“浇水”；notice“注意到”、move“移动”、see“看见”无法对应用水滋养花朵的动作。 11．句意：没有你，我的房子不会这么五彩斑斓、漂亮。 鲜花装饰房屋，beautiful“漂亮的”形容房屋美观；large“巨大的”、strong“坚固的”、quiet“安静的”不能形容鲜花装点后的房屋。 12．句意：我甚至送一些花给邻居，所有人都很喜欢它们。 give sth. to sb.固定搭配“把某物送给某人”，gave为give过去式；sold“售卖”、threw“扔掉”、kept“保存”不符合分享鲜花的暖心语境。 13．句意：破损水桶内心倍感温暖，它意识到自己的“缺陷”创造出了美好的事物。 漏水这个看似缺点的特点催生一路鲜花，created“创造”契合文意；bought“购买”、stopped“停止”、said“说”语义不通。 14．句意：就像这只水桶，我们每个人都有自己的难题、缺憾。 全文围绕水桶的缺陷展开，problems“难题、缺憾”对应自身不足；interests“兴趣”、plans“计划”、ideas“想法”和文章主旨无关。 15．句意：我们应当学会接纳自身缺点，并把弱点转化为长处。 文章核心主旨是包容自己的不足，accept“接纳”贴合中心；hate“厌恶”、ignore“忽视”、receive“收到 (实物)”不符合积极接纳缺点的立意。 二、语法填空 阅读下列短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Oscar Wilde is a famous 1 (write) from Ireland. He is born in Dublin in 1854 and studies at Trinity College and later at Oxford University. He is known for his sharp wit and his works, including plays, 2 (story) and poetry. His only novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray, shocks Victorian society. His plays, such as The Importance of Being Earnest, make fun of the upper class and remain popular today. His writing shows 3 unusual ability to mix humor with deep meaning. In 1888, Wilde writes The Happy Prince and Other Tales for his two sons. One of the stories, The Fisherman and His Soul, tells of a young fisherman. One day, he 4 (catch) a mermaid in his net. The mermaid is really beautiful so he falls in love 5 her. However, he learns that he cannot be with her 6 he has a human soul. To be with her, he must 7 (send) away his soul. With the help of a witch, he finally makes it. After that, his soul travels the world alone. It comes back every year, trying to tempt the fisherman with riches, power, and adventures. But the fisherman always refuses because his love for the mermaid proves 8 (strong) than everything. The story explores themes of temptation and love. 9 (it) language is poetic and full of allegory, with influences from the East. The meaning goes much deeper than it first appears. Many readers enjoy 10 (find) out who wins in the end, and the story stays with them long after they finish reading. 【答案】 1．writer 2．stories 3．an 4．catches 5．with 6．because 7．send 8．stronger 9．Its 10．finding 【导语】本文讲述了奥斯卡・王尔德创作的童话《渔夫和他的灵魂》的故事，探讨了诱惑与爱的主题，指出真挚的爱情比一切都更强大。 【详解】1．句意：奥斯卡・王尔德是来自爱尔兰的著名作家。根据空前的“a famous”可知，需用名词单数形式；结合主语“Oscar Wilde”，此处是指一位著名的作家，应用write的名词形式writer“作家”。 2．句意：他的作品包括戏剧、故事和诗歌。根据并列的“plays”和“poetry”可知，此处需用名词；结合语境，应用可数名词story的复数形式stories“故事”。 3．句意：他的写作展现了一种将幽默与深刻内涵结合的非凡能力。根据空后的“unusual ability”可知，此处需用不定冠词表示泛指，unusual以元音音素开头，应用an。 4．句意：一天，他在网里捕到了一条美人鱼。上下文用一般现在时介绍故事内容，主语为“he”，需用动词的第三人称单数形式catches“捕捉”。 5．句意：这条美人鱼很美丽，所以他爱上了她。fall in love with sb.“爱上某人”，固定搭配，需用介词with。 6．句意：然而他知道，因为他拥有人类的灵魂，所以无法和她在一起。根据前后句的因果逻辑，无法在一起的原因是他拥有人类灵魂，需用连词because引导原因状语从句。 7．句意：为了和她在一起，他必须送走自己的灵魂。情态动词“must”后接动词原形send“送走”。 8．句意：但渔夫总是拒绝，因为他对美人鱼的爱比一切都更强烈。空格后“than”表明此处需用比较级；结合空格前系动词“proves”，应用形容词strong的比较级形式stronger“更强烈的”。 9．句意：它的语言富有诗意，充满寓言色彩，还带有东方文化的影响。空格后是名词“language”，需用形容词性物主代词its“它的”作定语，位于句首，首字母大写。 10．句意：许多读者都喜欢探寻故事最终谁会胜出，读完之后，这个故事也会长久留在他们心中。enjoy doing sth.“喜欢做某事”，固定搭配，需用动名词形式finding。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Once upon a Time 核心语法精练 （一般现在时和一般过去时对比） 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1．flew 2．made 3．visited 4．met 5. became 6．created 7．had 8．agreed 9．go 10．heard 11．experienced 12．realized 13．saw 14．filled 15．brought 二、单项选择。 1．D 2．C 3．C 4．B 5．D 6．B 7．D 8．B 9．B 10．D 11．C 12．A 13．B 14．B 15. C 三、完成句子。 1．went on 2．succeeded 3．decided 4． made money 5． dreamed of 6．slowly dropped/slowly put 7． went to 8．wandered 9． cut down 10．helped clean/to clean 11．bit through 12．looked forward to 13．won an award/got an award/won a prize 14. led to 15．wrote down 四、句型转换。 1．What do 2．didn’t or 3． preferred to 4．Did go 5．didn’t buy 6．did learn 7． I was 8． Where did 9．took photos 10．Although/Though went 11． Did go 12．didn’t set 13．When did 14．Did play 15. Were wasn’t 一、语法选择 1．B 2．C 3．D 4．B 5．B 6．D 7．A 8．C 9．A 10．D 11．B 12．A 13．B 14．C 15．C 二、语法填空 1．writer 2．stories 3．an 4．catches 5．with 6．because 7．send 8．stronger 9．Its 10．finding 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $