Unit1 Period 2 Grammar and usage-【优学精讲】2026-2027学年高中英语选择性必修一同步教参（译林版）

Period 2　Grammar and usage 动词不定式(短语)作主语和表语 一、动词不定式(短语)作主语 (1)(教材P3)It is hardest to give up the food that you grow up with. 放弃你吃着长大的食物是最难的。 (2)(教材P6)To eat out was also a social activity, allowing me to enhance the relationship with my friends. 外出就餐也是一种社交活动，可以增进我和朋友的关系。 (3)To master something about English is one thing; to master English is quite another. 懂一点英语是一回事；掌握英语完全是另一回事。 (4)To read without reflecting is like eating without digesting. 读书不思考，犹如吃饭不消化。 (5)It's very important for us to keep the water clean. 保持水质清洁对我们来说是很重要的。 (6)It must be great fun to fly to the moon in a spaceship. 乘宇宙飞船飞往月球一定很有趣。 (7)How to solve the problem has not been decided yet. 如何解决这个问题还未确定。 (8)It took me more than an hour to do my homework yesterday evening. 昨天晚上我做作业用了一个多小时。 1．动词不定式(短语)可以作句子的主语，通常位于句首，谓语动词用单数形式。 2．动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将动词不定式移至句末，以保持句子平衡。 it作形式主语时，有以下三种情况： (1)常用形容词作表语。作真正的主语的动词不定式(短语)通常有逻辑主语，一般用for/of短语来表示，即“It is/was＋adj.＋for/of sb.＋to do sth.”，其中sb.就是to do的逻辑主语。 (2)有时也接名词作表语。 (3)常用于“It takes/took/will take sb. some time to do sth.”句型中。 在“It is/was＋adj.＋for/of sb.＋to do sth.”结构中，若形容词侧重于评价人物的特性、特征，则构成动词不定式复合结构的介词应用of，此时形容词常为kind、 nice、 foolish等，且sb.与形容词之间可构成逻辑上的系表关系；若形容词侧重于描写动词不定式动作的特征、特点，则构成动词不定式复合结构的介词应用for。 *It's very kind of you to say so. 你这样说真是太好了。 *It's difficult for him to finish the work ahead of time. 对他来说，提前完成工作太难了。 3．“疑问词＋动词不定式(短语)”结构： 动词不定式(短语)可与疑问词when、where、how、what、which、who等组合，在句中作主语。 二、动词不定式(短语)作表语 (1)(教材P6)Not that long ago, my first thought at mealtimes was to eat at a restaurant. 不久前，我吃饭时的第一想法是去餐馆吃饭。 (2)(外研选必一 U4)Every artist's wish is to create something that expresses an idea. 每位艺术家的愿望都是创作出表达思想的作品。 (3)(外研选必一 U4)To listen to Tan's music is to experience a mix of Chinese musical traditions and Western influences. 聆听谭的音乐，就是体验中国音乐传统和西方影响因素的融合。 (4)(北师大选必一U2) What I want is to live simply and be helpful to others. 我想要的是简单地生活并能帮助别人。 (5)All we need to do is (to) live each day with passion. 我们所需要做的就是充满激情地度过每一天。 1．动词不定式(短语)作表语，可以说明主语的具体内容，还可以表示目的、结果、安排、命令、决定、劝告、意愿等，其主语通常为aim、duty、hope、idea、job、plan、 problem、 purpose、 wish 等名词，或是what引导的名词性从句。动词不定式(短语)作表语时，主语和表语有时可以互换位置，其意思不变。 2．动词不定式(短语)作表语时，一般情况下动词不定式(短语)中的to不能省略，但当主语部分含有从句，且从句谓语部分有实义动词do的某种形式时，作表语的动词不定式(短语)常省略to。 动词不定式(短语)作表语省略to的情况 动词不定式(短语)作表语时，一般情况下动词不定式符号to不能省略，但在以下几种情况下可省略动词不定式符号to： (1)all作主句主语，其后的定语从句中含有实义动词do的某种形式时。 *All we need to do is (to) keep calm when facing danger. 遇到危险时我们需要做的就是保持冷静。 (2)what引导的从句作主语，从句中含有实义动词do的某种形式时。 *What I want to do is (to) take a holiday right away. 我想做的是马上去度假。 (3)(主句)主语被the only、the first、 the one、 the least或形容词最高级修饰，且其后作定语的从句或短语中含有实义动词do的某种形式时。 *In the evening the only thing he did was (to) read the newspaper. 晚上他做的唯一一件事就是看报纸。 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅰ) She had prepared lots of snacks，while my job was to__have(have) the backyard in order. 2．It is not easy for a foreigner to__learn(learn) to speak Chinese. 3．Our task now is to__increase(increase) food production to meet the growing demand for food in the region. 4．The duty of a doctor is to__treat(treat) the sick, to__cure(cure) the injured, and to__save(save) lives. 5．It's necessary to__discuss(discuss) the problem with an experienced teacher. 6．One of the important missions for contemporary students is to__help(help) more people understand our country and its culture. 7．It is my great honour to make a speech here. 8．To__get(get) enough protein each day is beneficial to our health. 9．To__alter(alter) our outdated teaching method is very important. 10．To__change(change) bad habits is never easy, even with many attempts. Ⅱ.语法与写作 1．To study hard to realize our great ambition in the future is our students' job. →Our__students'__job__is__to__study__hard__to__realize__our__great__ambition__in__the__future.[动词不定式(短语)作表语] 2．To become a successful entrepreneur is my dream. →My__dream__is__to__become__a__successful__entrepreneur.[动词不定式(短语)作表语] 3．To speak English fluently is not easy. →It__is__not__easy__to__speak__English__fluently.(it作形式主语) 4．To teach the three children is my job this afternoon. →My__job__this__afternoon__is__to__teach__the__three__children.[动词不定式(短语)作表语] 5．To talk with you is a great pleasure. →It's__a__great__pleasure__to__talk__with__you.(it作形式主语) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $