Unit1 Period 2 Grammar and usage-【优学精讲】2026-2027学年高中英语选择性必修一同步教参(译林版)
Period 2 Grammar and usage
动词不定式(短语)作主语和表语
一、动词不定式(短语)作主语
(1)(教材P3)It is hardest to give up the food that you grow up with.
放弃你吃着长大的食物是最难的。
(2)(教材P6)To eat out was also a social activity, allowing me to enhance the relationship with my friends.
外出就餐也是一种社交活动,可以增进我和朋友的关系。
(3)To master something about English is one thing; to master English is quite another.
懂一点英语是一回事;掌握英语完全是另一回事。
(4)To read without reflecting is like eating without digesting.
读书不思考,犹如吃饭不消化。
(5)It's very important for us to keep the water clean.
保持水质清洁对我们来说是很重要的。
(6)It must be great fun to fly to the moon in a spaceship.
乘宇宙飞船飞往月球一定很有趣。
(7)How to solve the problem has not been decided yet.
如何解决这个问题还未确定。
(8)It took me more than an hour to do my homework yesterday evening.
昨天晚上我做作业用了一个多小时。
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1.动词不定式(短语)可以作句子的主语,通常位于句首,谓语动词用单数形式。
2.动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而将动词不定式移至句末,以保持句子平衡。
it作形式主语时,有以下三种情况:
(1)常用形容词作表语。作真正的主语的动词不定式(短语)通常有逻辑主语,一般用for/of短语来表示,即“It is/was+adj.+for/of sb.+to do sth.”,其中sb.就是to do的逻辑主语。
(2)有时也接名词作表语。
(3)常用于“It takes/took/will take sb. some time to do sth.”句型中。
在“It is/was+adj.+for/of sb.+to do sth.”结构中,若形容词侧重于评价人物的特性、特征,则构成动词不定式复合结构的介词应用of,此时形容词常为kind、 nice、 foolish等,且sb.与形容词之间可构成逻辑上的系表关系;若形容词侧重于描写动词不定式动作的特征、特点,则构成动词不定式复合结构的介词应用for。
*It's very kind of you to say so.
你这样说真是太好了。
*It's difficult for him to finish the work ahead of time.
对他来说,提前完成工作太难了。
3.“疑问词+动词不定式(短语)”结构:
动词不定式(短语)可与疑问词when、where、how、what、which、who等组合,在句中作主语。
二、动词不定式(短语)作表语
(1)(教材P6)Not that long ago, my first thought at mealtimes was to eat at a restaurant.
不久前,我吃饭时的第一想法是去餐馆吃饭。
(2)(外研选必一 U4)Every artist's wish is to create something that expresses an
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