Unit2 Period 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas-【优学精讲】2026-2027学年高中英语选择性必修一同步教参（外研版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语核心语言知识，系统梳理词汇（如debt, inform等，含派生词、近义词）、短语（如have...in common, turn down等固定搭配）及重点句型（独立主格、with复合结构、祈使句+and+陈述句等），构建从基础语言要素到语篇理解、语法分析的学习支架。 该资料以“语言能力+思维品质+学习能力”为核心设计，通过作家案例（如J.K. Rowling的退稿经历）解析词汇句型，提升语言运用能力；阅读理解题（如作者意图推断）培养分析思维；分层练习（词汇练通、句型补全）助力主动学习。课中辅助教师系统授课，课后帮助学生巩固知识、弥补盲点。

debt n．债务，欠款 pace n．速度；进度　v．踱步 [短语]　at a/the pace of...以……的速度 at one's own pace按照某人自己的节奏 keep pace (with sb./sth.) (与某人/某物)并驾齐驱；步调一致 pace up and down来回踱步 regret to do 很遗憾；遗憾(做) [派生词]　regretful adj.遗憾的；后悔的 inform v．通知，告知；对……有影响 [派生词]　information n．信息 informed adj.见多识广的；有见识的 informative adj.提供有用信息的，增长见闻的 dread v．畏惧，惧怕 [短语]　dread doing sth.害怕做某事 rarely adv.很少，难得 rare adj.稀有的；珍贵的；稀少的；稀罕的 [近义词]　seldom/hardly/barely rarely为否定副词，置于句首时，其后要使用部分倒装 overnight adv.突然，一下子；整夜地，通宵地 adj.整夜的；通宵的 rejection n．拒绝，否决；嫌弃，冷落 reject v．拒绝接受；不予考虑 [同义词]　turn down/refuse/decline [短语]　a rejection letter一封回绝信 take for example 举个例子；譬如 [同义词]　for instance have...in common (with...) (与……)有共同之处 stick...on... 把……粘贴在……上 [短语]　stick to坚持 along the lines of 类似于 nevertheless adv.然而，不过 [近义词]　however persevere v．锲而不舍，坚持不懈 [派生词]　perseverance n．毅力 turn...down 调低，关小；拒绝 [同义词]　reject/refuse/decline a total of 总共；总数为 total adj.总的；全部的；总计的　n．总额；总数；合计 criticism n．批评；指责 critic n．批评家；评论家；反对……的人 [派生词]　critical adj.批判的；关键的 criticiz(s)e v．批评 [短语]　criticise sb. for sth.因某事批评某人 manuscript n．手稿，底稿 best-seller n．畅销书；畅销产品 [派生词]　best-selling adj.畅销的 classic n．名著；经典作品　adj.经典的；典型的；第一流的 [派生词]　classical adj.古典的 [短语]　classic literature经典文学 a classic mistake一个典型错误 classical music古典音乐 within the pages of 在……的页面中，在……的篇幅里 endurance n．(忍)耐力 endure v．忍受，忍耐 guarantee v．保证；确保　n．保证；保修单 play a part 参与；扮演……角色；(在某事中)起作用 [同义词]　play a role delighted adj.愉快的，高兴的 delight n．使人高兴的事；愉快　vt.使高兴；使欣喜 [派生词]　delightful adj.令人愉快的，讨人喜欢的 outcome n．结果，后果 [同义词]　result/consequence worthwhile adj.重要的；值得做的 worth adj.值得的；具有……价值的　n.价值；作用；意义 [派生词]　worthy adj.值得尊敬的；值得赞赏的 [短语]　worthy of...值得……的 blanket n．毯子，毛毯；厚的覆盖层　vt.覆盖；笼罩 [短语]　a blanket of snow 厚厚的一层雪 cucumber n．黄瓜 [短语]　as cold as a cucumber 非常冷静；泰然自若 enthusiastic adj.热心的，热衷的 enthusiast n．热衷者 [派生词]　enthusiasm n．热情；热忱；热心 enthusiastically adv.热心地，满腔热情地 contest n．比赛，竞赛　v．争辩 [近义词]　competition upset adj.心烦意乱的，烦恼的；(胃肠)不适的 vt.弄翻，打翻；打乱；使生气，使烦恼 elect v．选举，推选 [派生词]　election n．选举；当选 elective adj.选举的；可选择的 blessing n．[C]幸事，幸运；[U&C]保佑 bless vt.祝福；赋予 [短语]　be blessed with有幸得到 be blessed to do sth.很有福气/很幸运地做了某事 It is a blessing that...幸运的是…… be stricken blind and deaf 突然失明、耳聋 appreciative adj.感激的 appreciate vt.感激；欣赏 [派生词]　appreciation n．感激；欣赏 [同义词]　grateful/thankful mere adj.仅仅，只不过 [派生词]　merely adv.只是；仅仅，只不过 gentleness n．和蔼，温和 gentle adj.温和的；轻柔的 [派生词]　gently adv.温和地 gentleman n．绅士 companionship n．友谊；友好交往 companion n．同伴；伙伴 fingertip n．指尖 [短语]　at one's fingertips 掌握(信息)；熟悉/精通(知识等)；对……了如指掌 outline n．外形，轮廓；概要，提纲　vt.概述 probe v．调查；探究　n．调查；宇宙探测器 [短语]　probe into调查；探究 dawn n．黎明，破晓　vi.破晓；被理解 [短语]　at dawn黎明时分 It dawned on sb. that...某人突然意识到…… revelation n．展现，显示 reveal v．揭示；显示；透露 workaday adj.平凡的；平淡的 go about 着手做，从事；走来走去，四处走动 permanent adj.长久的；永久的 [派生词]　permanently adv.永久地 [反义词]　temporary adj.临时的 close in on 接近；逼近；逐渐接近 descend v．降临；来临 [短语]　descend on/upon降落；突然降临；突然袭击 give one hint to 给……一个提示 mighty adj.强有力的；雄伟的 might n．强大力量；威力 strains of 音乐的曲调或旋律 orchestra n．(大型的)管弦乐队 perfume n．香味 embarrassed adj.难堪的，尴尬的 embarrass vt.使尴尬，使困窘 [派生词]　embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的，令人难堪的 embarrassment n．困窘；尴尬，难堪；为难 [Difficulties] depression n.　　　　　　沮丧 take away 夺走 go through 经历 ups and downs 起伏 twists and turns 曲折变化 be stuck in 被困在……中 [Characteristics] active adj. 积极的 positive adj. 乐观的 unselfish adj. 无私的 honest adj. 正直的 persevering adj.　　　　　坚韧不拔的 determined adj. 坚定的 hard-working adj. 努力的 warm-hearted adj. 热心的 modest adj. 谦虚的 [Achievements] build up confidence 增强自信 overcome/work out problems 解决问题 make life worth living 使生命有价值 win the admiration of... 赢得……的敬佩 contribute to... 促进，促使；有助于…… 话题佳句 1.Our greatest glory consists not in never falling but in rising each time we fall. 我们最伟大的荣耀不在于永不跌倒，而在于每次跌倒后都能重新站起来。 2.No matter what happens, don't give up, and there certainly will be unexpected scenery. 不管发生什么，都不要放弃，前方肯定会有意想不到的风景。 3.Life isn't about waiting for the storm to pass, but about learning how to dance in the rain. 人生并非坐等暴风雨过去，而是要学会如何在雨中起舞。 Period 1　Starting out & Understanding ideas What does the passage mainly talk about? A．Hard work leads to success. B．All authors achieve great aims. C．Persistence is the key to success. D．The response disappoints authors. 答案：C 1．What's the author's purpose by writing the last sentence in paragraph 1? A．To advise us to be patient. B．To introduce the following context. C．To show everyone must face rejection. D．To promote novels of the famous authors. 2．What is special about J.D.Salinger compared with other writers mentioned in this passage? A．He worked on his novel when serving in the army. B．His novel was not popular when it was published. C．He had faced many rejections before his novel was published. D．He once wanted to give up trying but later changed his mind. 3．What did J.D.Salinger have in common with J.K. Rowling? A．Neither of them got married. B．Both of them were bilingual. C．Both of them once suffered from poverty. D．Both of them were filled with perseverance. 4．Which of the following can best describe the Brontё sisters? A．Gentle and generous. B．Wise and kind. C．Intelligent and considerate. D．Talented and strong-minded. 答案：1～4.BADD 1．The response from a publisher comes back and the writer eagerly opens and reads it, their hearts sinking when they reach that final sentence.(Para.1) [分析]　本句为and连接的并列复合句。其中“their hearts sinking”为独立主格结构，在句中作状语；“when they reach that final sentence”为when引导的时间状语从句。 [翻译]出版商的回复来了，作家急切地展开阅读，当他们读到最后一句时，心随即跌落谷底。 2．When she received her first rejection letter, she decided that it meant she now had something in common with her favourite writers, and stuck it on her kitchen wall.(Para.2) [分析]　本句为主从复合句。“When she received her first rejection letter”为when引导的时间状语从句；主句中“that it meant...writers”为that引导的宾语从句，在此从句中 “she now had something in common with her favourite writers”为省略that的宾语从句。 [翻译]当她收到第一封退稿信时，她认为这意味着她现在和她最喜欢的作家们有了共同之处，并把这封信贴在了厨房的墙上。 Ⅰ.核心词汇·练通 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词 1．be heavily in debt 　　　 负债累累 2．pace of life 生活节奏 3．inform us of the meeting time 通知我们会议时间 4．classics of world literature 世界文学的经典作品 5．guarantee success 保证成功 6．the outcome of the debate 辩论结果 Ⅱ.拓展词汇·用活 根据提示写出相应的单词 1．rarely adv.很少，难得→rare adj.稀少的；罕有的 2．rejection n．拒绝，否决→reject v．拒绝接受；不予考虑 3．criticism n．批评；指责→criticise vt.&vi. 批评→critic n．批评家；评论家；反对……的人 4．delighted adj.愉快的，高兴的→delight n．使人高兴的事；高兴；愉快；快乐 vt.使高兴；使欣喜→delightful adj.令人愉快的，讨人喜欢的 Ⅲ.重点短语·再现 根据语境及汉语提示填入合适的短语 1．We regret to inform you(遗憾地通知你) that we are unable to offer you the position you applied for. 　 2．Perseverance is the key to success. Take Edison for example(以……为例), he failed thousands of times before inventing the light bulb. 3．My friends and I have many different interests, but we all enjoy travelling, which is one thing we have in common(有……共同之处). 4．Before leaving home, my mom stuck a handwritten letter on (把……贴到……上) my suitcase, filled with her blessings. 5．I wonder if you could arrange an activity along the lines of(类似于) a cultural exchange with foreign students. 6．He turned down(拒绝) the invitation to the party because he had to prepare for an important exam. 7．As can be seen from the table, a total of(总共) 60% of students prefer online learning. 8．Reading plays a positive part (起积极作用) in improving our language skills and broadening our horizons. Ⅳ.重点句型·呈现 根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子 1．独立主格结构 The response from a publisher comes back and the writer eagerly opens and reads it, their hearts sinking(他们的心跌落谷底) when they reach that final sentence.(Para.1) 2．with复合结构 After a total of twelve rejections, one publisher eventually agreed to print 500 copies of her first book, and as we know, Harry Potter became a global success, with over 400 million books sold and translated into more than seventy different languages(销量超过4亿册，并被翻译成70多种不同的语言).(Para.2) 3．get＋宾语＋宾语补足语 J．D．Salinger started writing short stories in high school, but later struggled to get his works published(让他的作品发表).(Para.3) 4．状语从句的省略 Even when serving in the US Army(当他在美国军队服役时) during the Second World War, he carried six chapters of The Catcher in the Rye with him and worked on the novel throughout his war service.(Para.3) 5．祈使句＋and＋陈述句 Keep trying and eventually you will read the words (继续努力，最终你会读到这些话) “We are delighted to inform you...”(Para.5) 　　debt n.债务，欠款；负债情况；人情债；恩情 【经典例句】 ①(译林选必一U4)Generations of poets, both in China and abroad, owe a debt to his inspirational poems. 一代又一代的中外诗人都对他的励志诗情有独钟。 ②Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune. 他成年生活的大部分时间都在与债务和不幸进行一场失败的抗争。 in debt　　　 欠款；欠债 be/get out of debt 摆脱债务 get/run/fall into debt 陷入债务 pay off one's debts 还清某人的债务 repay the debt 偿还债务 owe sb.a debt 欠某人人情 owe a debt to 欠……债务；欠…… 人情；归功于 【补全句子/完成句子】 (1) She was in debt(负债) during her difficult years, but with her own efforts and the support of her family, she has been out of debt(摆脱债务) since last year and no longer worries about financial pressure. (2) It's easy to get/run/fall into debt(陷入债务之中) if you rely too much on credit cards without planning your spending. (3) After years of hard work, John finally managed to pay off all his debts(还清他所有的债务) and became financially free. (4)你对我如此之好，我永远无法报答我欠你的这份人情，因为你无私的帮助一直温暖着我。 You are so good to me that I can never repay the debt I owe you, for your selfless help always warms me. 　　regret to do sth. 很遗憾要做某事 【经典例句】 ①(教材P18) “We regret to inform you...” These are the words that every writer dreads receiving, but words every writer knows well. “我们遗憾地通知您……”这些是每个作家都害怕收到的话，但又为每个作家所熟知。 ②Should you choose to ignore this warning, you may come to regret it in ways you cannot yet foresee. 如果你选择忽视这一警告，你可能会以目前无法预见的方式感到后悔。 (1)regret v.　　　　　　 懊悔；对……感到遗憾 n. 遗憾；后悔 (2)regret doing/having done sth. 后悔做了某事 regret to do sth. 遗憾地做某事 (3)with great regret 非常遗憾 much to one's regret/to one's great regret 令某人非常遗憾的是；很抱歉 【单句语法填空/补全句子/完成句子】 (1) I regret to tell (tell) you that I won't be able to attend the meeting due to the late arrival of my flight. (2)Regretting doing(do) something useless can't change the past; what matters is learning from mistakes.[应用文写作之建议信] (3) Much to my regret/To my great regret(非常抱歉), I can't go to the bookstore with you tomorrow afternoon as planned because I have an urgent thing to deal with. [应用文写作之道歉信] (4)(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅱ读后续写)一想到他这几个月一直孤单一人，我心里就充满了深深的愧疚。 The thought of him spending these months being isolated filled me with deep regret. [读后续写之情感描写] 　　inform v.通知，告知 【经典例句】 I'd like to inform you that our sports meeting will be put off until next Thursday. 我想通知你们， 我们的运动会将推迟到下周四。 (1)inform sb.of/about sth. 通知某人某事 inform sb.that... 告知某人…… (2)informed adj. 了解情况的；见多识 广的；明智的 keep sb.informed of/about... 使某人知道……； 通知某人关于…… (3)information n. 信息 【单句语法填空/完成句子】 (1)(2025·浙江卷1月) If the information(inform) you're communicating isn't urgent, consider sending an email.　 (2)Effective communication requires keeping others informed(inform) of your thoughts and plans, which helps build trust. (3)得知你接受了我们的邀请，我写信是告知您什么文学最吸引我们中国学生。 Having learnt that you have accepted our invitation，I am writing to inform you of/about what literature fascinates us Chinese students most． 与inform sb.of sth.结构相同的短语还有： rob sb.of sth.　　　　　　 抢劫某人某物 remind sb.of sth. 提醒某人某事 warn sb.of sth. 警告某人某事 accuse sb.of sth. 指控某人某事 　　have...in common (with...) (与……)在……方面有共同之处 【经典例句】 (教材P19)When she received her first rejection letter, she decided that it meant she now had something in common with her favourite writers, and stuck it on her kitchen wall. 当她收到第一封退稿信时，她认为这意味着她现在和她最喜欢的作家们有了共同之处，并把这封信贴在了厨房的墙上。 (1)have a lot/much/a great deal/nothing/little in common with...　 　　　 与……有很多/没有共同之处 in common with... 与……一样 (2)common sense 常识 【补全句子/完成句子】 (1) In common with most successful people(和大多数成功人士一样), he attributes his achievements to hard work and perseverance. (2) (人教必修三U1)And if you study festivals carefully, you may be surprised to find that different cultures actually have a lot in common(有很多共同之处) after all. (3)你和你朋友的共性越多，你们的友谊就越有可能发展。 The more you have in common with your friend, the more likely your friendship will develop.[应用文写作之建议信] 　　guarantee v.保证；确保　n．保证；保修单 【经典例句】 (教材P20)So, it seems that talent alone isn't enough to guarantee success. 所以，仅靠天赋似乎不足以保证成功。 (1)guarantee sb.sth./guarantee sth.to sb. 　　　　　 向某人保证某事 guarantee to do/that... 保证做……/ 确保…… guarantee sb.that... 向某人保证……be guaranteed to do sth. 必定/肯定会做某事 (2)under guarantee 在保修期内 give sb.a guarantee (that)... 向某人保证…… a guarantee of... ……的保证 【单句语法填空/完成句子】 (1)Not every stranger you meet is guaranteed to turn(turn) into a real friend. (2)The old man guaranteed to keep(keep) the secret for the boy, who then felt relieved and told him the truth.[读后续写之动作描写] (3)If there is something wrong with the cellphones while they are still under guarantee, we will repair them free of charge. (4) 努力工作并不是成功的保证，但它是必不可少的条件之一。 Working hard is not a guarantee of success, but it is among the essential requirements. [应用文写作之建议信] 　　 delighted adj.愉快的；高兴的 【经典例句】 What delighted me most during the volunteer activity was the smiles on the faces of the elderly we helped.　在志愿活动中，最让我高兴的是我们所帮助的老人脸上的笑容。 (1)be delighted at/with/by...　 对……感到高兴 be delighted to do sth. 很高兴做某事 be delighted that... 很高兴…… (2)delight n.　　　 使人高兴的事； 高兴；愉快；快乐 vt. 使高兴；使愉快 take delight in... 以……为乐 to one's delight/to the delight of sb. 令某人高兴的是 with/in delight 高兴地，乐意地 (3)delightful adj. 令人愉快的； 讨人喜欢的 【单句语法填空/补全句子/完成句子】 (1)When I heard of the delightful(delight) news that my brother had been admitted into Peking University, I couldn't contain my excitement. (2)To my great delight(令我非常高兴的是)，they were greatly touched by the plan and all agreed to join in.[读后续写之情绪描写] (3)(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ读后续写)I gave Gunter an attractive souvenir I had bought at Prague in reward for his kindness, which he accepted with delight(愉快地接受了)．[读后续写之动作描写] (4)很高兴得知你正计划到中国旅游，我想推荐一处必游景点——张家界。 Delighted to know (that) you are planning a trip to China, I'd like to recommend a must-see scenic spot, Zhangjiajie. (形容词短语作状语) [应用文写作之推荐信] 　　with复合结构 【经典例句】 (教材P19)After a total of twelve rejections, one publisher eventually agreed to print 500 copies of her first book, and as we know, Harry Potter became a global success, with over 400 million books sold and translated into more than seventy different languages. 在总共被拒绝了12次之后，终于有一家出版商同意出版她的第一本书并印刷了500本。后来，正如我们所知的，《哈利·波特》在全球大获成功，销量超过4亿册，并被翻译成70多种不同的语言。 with复合结构在句中作状语和定语，其结构为： (1)with＋宾语＋介词短语/形容词/副词； (2)with＋宾语＋doing(表示主动或进行)； (3)with＋宾语＋done(表示被动或完成)； (4)with＋宾语＋to do(表示将来的动作，其中动词不定式的主动形式表示被动含义) 【单句语法填空/完成句子】 (1)(译林必修三U3)The Internet has also made our lives unbelievably convenient, with all sorts of goods and services provided (provide) by electronic commerce, more commonly known as e-commerce. (2)With an important class meeting to attend (attend), I can't accompany you to the library this weekend. I'm sorry for the inconvenience this may cause you.[应用文写作之道歉信] (3)汤姆扑进妈妈的怀里，他的眼里噙满了羞愧的泪水。 Tom threw himself into his mother's arms, with tears of shame welling up in his eyes. [读后续写之动作描写＋情绪描写] (4)(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ读后续写)冈特把出租车停在公共汽车后面，转过身来，脸上带着灿烂的笑容看着我。 Gunter parked the taxi behind the bus, turned around, and looked at me with a big smile on his face．[读后续写之动作描写] 　　祈使句＋and＋陈述句 【经典例句】 (教材P20)Keep trying and eventually you will read the words “We are delighted to inform you...”　 继续努力，最终你会读到这些话，“我们高兴地通知您……”。 “祈使句＋and＋陈述句”中的祈使句相当于由if引导的条件状语从句，and之后的句子相当于主句，所以用一般将来时。 (1)祈使句＋and＋陈述句＝If...，＋主句； (2)祈使句＋or/or else/otherwise＋陈述句＝If...not...，＋主句； (3)名词词组(常含有more、another等词)＋and＋陈述句。 【单句语法填空/句型转换】 (1)A bit more effort, I think, and you will achieve your goal as you've always desired. (2)(北师大必修一U2)Don't drink too much while running, or/otherwise it'll make you feel sick. (3)If you follow your teacher's advice, you'll catch up with others in English study. →Follow your teacher's advice and you'll catch up with others in English study.(祈使句＋and＋陈述句) 　 →Following your teacher's advice, you'll catch up with others in English study. (现在分词短语作状语)　[应用文写作之建议信] What does every writer most dread 1.reading/to read(read) in the comments from publishers? It's “We regret 2.to inform(inform) you...”， which will make their hearts sink. In fact, a lot of writers of great works have 3.previously (previous) faced rejection. J.K. Rowling, after a total of twelve rejections, eventually got her first book Harry Potter published, which became 4.a global success. Another famous writer J．D．Salinger persevered in working 5.on his novel The Catcher in the Rye despite the criticism along with rejections from several publishers and when it was eventually published, it became an immediate best-seller. The three Brontё sisters lived in Victorian England, a time 6.when women were not encouraged to become writers. Although they 7.dreamed/dreamt(dream) of seeing their words in print, they experienced many rejections, but they persevered and now Charlotte's Jane Eyre, Emily's Wuthering Heights and Anne's Agnes Grey 8.are regarded(regard) as classics of world literature. From the stories of the above famous writers, we can learn that it was 9.perseverance(persevere) that made them realize their dreams. Therefore, keep trying and eventually you'll read the words “We are 10.delighted (delight) to inform you...” Ⅰ.品句填词 1．(译林选必一U2)Why don't you try to listen to some great country music? I guarantee(保证)you'll enjoy it! 2．Journey to the West, one of the four great classics(名著) in the history of Chinese literature, is very popular among children. 3．She was in a great mood today because she finally paid off all her debts (债务) and felt a huge weight lifted off her shoulders. 4．Every choice we make will affect the final outcome of our lives, so we must think twice before acting. 5．With online shopping developing at a fast pace, we can purchase almost whatever we want online. Ⅱ.词块运用 1.Some people think online shopping and traditional shopping have nothing in common (没有共同之处), but both focus on customer satisfaction. 2．She never expected that her best friend would turn down her request for help(拒绝她的求助), which made her feel sad and confused. 3．A total of 150 students (总共有 150 名学生) who participated in the survey said they liked reading in their spare time. 4．Take running for example(以跑步为例), it's a great way to improve overall health and keep fit both physically and mentally. 5．Exercise plays an important part in maintaining good health(在保持身体健康方面起着重要作用), as it helps to reduce stress levels and promote a general sense of well-being. Ⅲ.根据汉语提示并使用本部分句式结构完成下面的小短文 There was a time when I was interested in writing and dreamed of being a writer in the future. However, 1.while working hard day and night on my writing(尽管我夜以继日地努力写作；状语从句的省略)，I was faced with many rejections from publishers，which made my heart sink deeply. Having been turned down too many times，I finally lost heart and 2. got all my works burned(把我所有的作品都付之一炬；get＋宾语＋宾语补足语). It was not until I had a conversation with my literature teacher that I decided to carry on my dream. He told me 3.“Just keep on and you will succeed in the end(只要坚持下去，你最终会成功的；祈使句＋and＋陈述句)”．With his encouragement and guidance, I stuck to my dream，and finally achieved my goal. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $