Unit 3 Section Ⅲ Grammar —— 被动语态(Word教参)-【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2026-2027学年高中英语必修第一册(北师大版)
2026-10-12
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教辅
摘要:
本高中英语讲义聚焦被动语态核心知识点,以“概念-构成-使用-特殊情况”为学习支架,系统梳理“助动词be+及物动词过去分词”的构成规则,涵盖一般现在时到含情态动词等8种时态的被动结构,衔接主动形式表被动的特殊用法,形成完整知识脉络。
资料设计突出探究式学习,通过“探究发现”环节引导学生从例句自主总结规律,培养思维品质。配套高考真题实例、即时演练及基础、写作、语段多维度练习,提升语言运用能力。课中辅助教师清晰授课,课后助力学生巩固知识,查漏补缺,强化学习效果。
内容正文:
Section Ⅲ Grammar —— 被动语态
①Spring Festival is highly valued by every Chinese family.
②The house was cleaned from top to bottom.
③Fireworks were being let off across the city.
④The spirit of the festival — the spirit of family — has largely been kept.
⑤Every year, the moment I get on the train, I am surrounded by Shanxi accents.
【我的发现】
1.被动语态一般由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
2.助动词 be 本身无词义,但有人称、数和时态的变化。
一、概念
语态是动词的一种形式,用来说明句子的主语和谓语动词之间的关系。英语动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
二、构成形式
使用被动语态的句子,谓语动词的形式是“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”。助动词 be 本身无词义,但有人称、数和时态的变化。下表为各种时态的被动语态形式(以do为例):
时态
构成形式
一般现在时
am/is/are+done
一般过去时
was/were+done
一般将来时
be going to/will/shall+be done
现在进行时
am/is/are+being done
时态
构成形式
过去进行时
was/were+being done
现在完成时
have/has+been done
过去完成时
had+been done
含情态动词
情态动词+be done
(2025•全国二卷)Volunteers are also more likely to look after their own health and are more focused on adding physical activity into their lives.
志愿者也更有可能关注自己的健康,并且更加专注于将体育活动融入他们的生活中。
(2024•1月浙江卷)To Eva, “a mile” was used to describe long distances.
对伊娃来说,“一英里”是用来形容长距离的。(一般过去时)
The interview will be broadcast live.
这个采访将现场直播。(一般将来时)
The problem is being discussed at the meeting.
会议上正在讨论这个问题。(现在进行时)
A meeting was being held when I got there.
我到那儿时,会议正在举行。(过去进行时)
All these flowers have been watered.
这些花都浇过了。(现在完成时)
The building had been completed before I arrived.
在我去之前那座建筑就已经竣工了。(过去完成时)
The computer might be repaired by tomorrow.
电脑可能明天才能修好。(含情态动词)
名师点津
“get+过去分词”构成被动语态
这种结构多用在口语中,强调动作的结果,动作的执行者一般不指出来。
It is said that the singer got hurt on her way back home.
据说那位歌手在回家的路上受伤了。
【即时演练 1】 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The room was being cleaned (clean) by him at nine yesterday morning.
②—So what is the procedure?
—All the applicants are interviewed (interview) before a final decision is made by the authority.
③The boy was punished (punish) by his teacher at school.
④So far, most of the infected people have been cured (cure).
⑤—Hi, Li Ping.Can I use your computer for a while this afternoon?
—Sorry.It is being repaired (repair).
⑥Experiments of this kind had been conducted (conduct) in both the US and Europe well before the Second World War.
⑦The flowers should be watered (water) every two days.
⑧Music and songs will be published (publish) and concerts and festivals will be organised (organise) in three months.
⑨More than ten passengers got injured in the accident.
十多位乘客在事故中受伤。
⑩The dancers only have two minutes to get changed.
舞蹈演员们换服装的时间仅有两分钟。
三、使用被动语态的主要情况
1.不知道动作的执行者或没有必要指明动作的执行者。(这时可省略by短语)
His wallet was stolen last night.
昨晚他的钱包被偷了。
2.强调或突出动作的承受者。
The bike was knocked down by a car.
这辆自行车被一辆车撞倒了。
3.当动作的执行者被较长的修饰语修饰时,为了使句子保持平衡或使句子更加合理,常用被动语态。
The plan was supported by those who wished to live on the campus.
这个计划得到了那些希望住在校内的人的支持。
4.在书面语中,特别是在科技报告或新闻报道中,被动语态比主动语态更正式。
The International Space Station has been built in the Earth’s orbit.
国际空间站已在地球轨道上建造。
5.有些习惯用法常以被动语态的形式出现,这类词常见的有born, determine, devote, seat, dress, situate等。
He was born in China in 2014.
他2014年在中国出生。
【即时演练 2】 单句语法填空
①Our school is situated (situate) in the center of the city.
②It is said that their house was broken (break) into last night.
③Most of the trees have been cut (cut) down by those who are eager to become rich.
④All the students were inspired by the inspiring speech.(inspire)
四、被动语态的主动形式
1.某些连系动词,如prove, look, sound, feel, smell, taste, seem, appear, get, grow, keep等,后面跟形容词、名词构成系表结构,常用主动形式表示被动含义。
She proves very patient and warm-hearted.
她被证明很有耐心而且很热心。
The whole story sounded very odd.
整个故事听起来很古怪。
The dish tasted very good.
这道菜尝起来很不错。
2.当sell, read, draw, wash, write, open, wear, run, burn等不及物动词后跟状语(well/easily等),用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时用主动形式表示被动含义。
These clothes wash easily.
这些衣服很容易洗。
The door won’t lock.
这扇门锁不上。(指门本身有毛病)
The door won’t be locked.
这扇门不会被锁上的。(指不会有人来锁门)
3.当动词不定式作定语,与前面被修饰的名词或代词构成动宾关系,且动词不定式的逻辑主语为主句的主语时,用动词不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
I have a lot of work to do.
我有许多工作要做。
4.当动词不定式修饰作表语或宾语补足语的形容词时,如difficult, easy, comfortable, convenient, hard, cheap, expensive等,用动词不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
Those signs are hard to see clearly.
那些标志很难看清楚。
I find the question difficult to answer.
我发现这个问题很难回答。
5.在need, want, require, deserve等少数表示“需要”的动词后,用动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动含义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
The problem requires studying with great care.
=The problem requires to be studied with great care.
这个问题需要仔细研究。
6.表示开始、结束、运动的动词,如begin, finish, start, open, close, stop, end, run, move等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,通常用主动形式表示被动意义。
The shop closes at 6 o’clock pm every day.
这家商店每天下午六点关门。
7.不及物动词无被动语态,容易出错的词有appear, die, disappear, end, fail, fall, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, stand等。
Three days later a rash appeared.
三天后出现了皮疹。
The weather won’t last.
这种天气持续不了多久。
Very little of the house remained after the fire.
火灾之后,这座房子所剩无几。
8.有些动词短语不能用于被动语态,如agree with, arrive at, succeed in, happen to, take part in, belong to, break out, come true, take place, run out, come up, come out等。
【即时演练 3】 单句语法填空
①The meeting will start (start) at nine tomorrow.
②Whether we can have a holiday remains (remain) unknown.
③This kind of shoes washes easily, so my son’s shoes are washed twice a week.(wash)
④The knife cuts (cut) badly, so I’m going to buy a new one.
维度一:基础题型练
1.Our old house is being decorated (decorate) and we have been in a small apartment while waiting for the beautiful new look.
2.It’s a custom in China to have some tea or other drinks before the meal is served (serve).
3.Come and look.What has happened (happen) to the flowers?
4.Great changes have taken (take) place in China in the past 10 years.
5.I have a letter to write (write).I can’t go out with you.
6.This kind of apples sell (sell) well, because of good quality.
7.Hurry up! There is no time to get changed (change).
8.As a result of the serious flood, two thirds of the buildings in the area need repairing/to be repaired (repair).
9.In the last few years thousands of films have been produced (produce) all over the world.
10.The negotiations have been conducted (conduct) in a positive manner.
维度二:语法与写作
1.A birthday party is being held tonight.
今晚将要举行一场生日聚会。
2.In the old days, dragon boat races were organised only by Chinese people.
在古代,只有中国人举行龙舟比赛。
3.More work needs to be done/doing to achieve the final success.
为了实现最后的胜利,还有很多工作要做。
4.Owing to his hard work, his dream has come true.
由于他努力工作,他的梦想已经实现了。
维度三:语段练习
The Mid-Autumn Festival is a traditional festival with a long history.It 1.is celebrated (celebrate) on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month.Before it, good preparations 2.are made (make).For example, moon cakes as well as other delicious dishes 3.are prepared (prepare).On the evening of this day, people have a family gathering, eating moon cakes, enjoying the moon and watching wonderful programs on TV.So people have a good time on this special day.I believe this traditional festival 4.will be kept (keep) forever.
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