专题12 阅读理解新考向之图文结合题（专项训练）（上海专用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

**基本信息** 聚焦高考阅读理解图文结合新考向，通过基础-重难-真题三级演练，系统培养细节定位、逻辑梳理等语言能力与思维品质，构建图表类型与解题策略的对应体系。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |模拟·基础演练|1套|提炼细节定位、逻辑梳理等四大核心能力|从基础能力识别到图文信息初步整合| |重难·创新演练|6考向（含流程图等）|针对流程图抓时序、树状图理分支等图表专项策略|按图表复杂度递进，构建“类型-能力-技巧”对应链条| |真题·实战演练|5篇名校真题|融合多图表综合解题，强化推理匹配能力|从单一图表到复合图文，贴合高考命题趋势|

第12讲 阅读理解新考向之图文结合题 目 录 模拟·基础演练 1 重难·创新演练 7 真题·实战演练 13 模拟·基础演练 考查重点：图文结合题为高考阅读特色综合题型，融合文字描述与各类可视化图表，兼顾细节定位、逻辑梳理、原理解读、主旨识别四大能力，常与篇章结构、推理判断交叉命题。… 重难·创新演练 考向 1：流程图（时序变化、事物演变、实验过程、强弱数值随时间变化） How to Observe Variable Stars Variable stars are, as the name suggests, stars that vary in brightness. They can be interesting to observe, and this is where amateur astronomy can make great contributions to the professional area.Step 1: Finding Variable Stars #1 Go out observing stars. Go out and familiarize yourself with the stars. #2 Identify a variable star you want to observe (target star). #3 Find a couple of non-variable stars (guide stars) near your star. These stars should be of a similar brightness to your target star. #4 Compare how bright the variable star is to the guide stars every night.Step 2: Recording Your Observations #1 Get yourself a notebook and a pencil. If you need a flashlight, place a red filter (过滤器) when the light shines through. Using a flashlight without doing this will ruin your night vision. #2 At the top, write down the name of the target star and then the guide stars. #3 Every night, record how bright your target star is compared to the guide stars. Write down the date and time as well. #4 Try drawing a chart of how your target star changes in its brightness. The chart can help you identify what type of variable star you are observing.Step 3: Identifying the Types #1 Based on your chart, judge if your target star belongs to the main types or the rarer types of variable stars. The main types generally have regular and predictable variations, while the rarer types don’t. #2 If your target star belongs to the main types of variable stars, click here for reference charts to identify its subtype. If it belongs to the rarer types, refer to the following explanations and reference charts. ·Flare stars spend most of their time at a low brightness, and sometimes, for a few minutes, jump up in brightness. ·Recurrent novae are similar to flare stars, but they have much greater jumps in brightness, and jumps are a lot rarer. ·R Coronae Borealis stars spend most time at their maximum brightness. At unpredictable intervals, their brightness decreases quickly, and then goes back up. ·Supernovae are rare events. When a star runs out of fuel, its life changes dramatically. They are incredibly bright, but seeing one with the naked eye can be a once-in-a-lifetime event. (* In the above reference charts, T stands for TIME; B stands for BRIGHTNESS) A． B． C． D． （配图：4 张 B‑T 坐标曲线图；B 代表 brightness 亮度，T 代表 time 时间） 考向 2：树状层级结构图（考查文本内部逻辑分类、总分分支关系） I struggle with letting go of things. Distressing situations that occurred decades ago still regularly pop into my mind and stress me out. I don’t seem to be able to move past them and forget them. Even small irrelevant things get me worked up. Can you suggest some techniques to move on and lead a calmer life?——A painful reader Since you said a lot of these are insignificant upon reflection, I’ll assume we’re not talking about big traumas (创伤) but the kinds of sour memories we all have. It feels unpleasant to be pulled back into the past, forced to relive those painful memories. So why do we keep going back? One possibility is that we feel not enough has changed. Time might have passed, but in the respects that matter, we still feel as though we’re right there. Still scared in the same ways those situations made us feel, still vulnerable to those same stressors, even uninsured against the same mistakes. If you feel as though a lot has changed since an indignity, the memory feels more like a postcard from somewhere distant. But if you feel the same in the ways that matter, an upsetting thing from the past can still seem threatening insofar as that version of us persists today. Or maybe we go back to these memories because there’s some unanswered question we keep trying to solve. Why did I say that? Why did they do that? If I’d done that differently, would this have changed? Maybe, more rarely, we go back because we’re bored. Sometimes if present-day life doesn’t quite feel stimulating enough we can go back to conflicts or hard choices from the past, because even though they were unpleasant, they somehow feel more real. Therapy can help figure out which it is for you. When the distressing thought comes knocking, why does it seem worth opening the door? That would really help you tailor your strategies. The calm you’ll need if you’re trying to solve a question may not be the calm you need if you still feel vulnerable in those same ways. Well-meaning people might say you need closure, a way to tell a coherent (有条理的) story. Closure is great if you can get it, but I’m not convinced it’s essential. What concerns me is that trying to find narratively pleasing ways to transform painful memories ultimately makes our capacity to move on depend on whether we can make sense of those events. Coherence may be genuinely beyond our reach. Bad luck doesn’t make sense. People don’t always have a “why”. I think it’s less “I have to get closure” and more “I have to see this as past; over”. As you try to figure out what is captivating about these memories, it might help to try seeing them in past tense. Not solved, just over—not a source of new pain, not part of a pattern; an echo of hurts gone by. According to the columnist, why do we keep going back to painful memories? A．(a) Still vulnerable as before; (b) Wondering “why”; (c) Feeling bored in present life. B．(a) Becoming stronger over time; (b) Gaining closure ultimately; (c) Seeking excitement. C．(a) Avoiding current problems; (b) Hoping to erase past; (c) Searching for luck. D．(a) Developing new skills; (b) Rewriting the past; (c) Enjoying old conflicts. 考向 3：概念具象示意图（抽象文字描述匹配实物 / 剖面 / 原理示意图） WAKING A SLEEPWALKER IS BAD FOR THEIR HEALTH ① Sleepwalking typically occurs during the non-rapid eye movement stage of sleep. Several factors can lead to walking while sleeping, including alcohol use, stress and even brain injury. However, there is a genetic explanation for sleepwalking. Studies have shown that children with one or both sleepwalking parents are 40 to 60 per cent more likely to sleepwalk themselves. As for the consequences of waking a sleepwalker, there is no evidence that it will hurt or harm him, but will likely cause disorientation and confusion. LYING ON YOUR BACK MAKES YOU SNORE MORE ② Snoring, namely breathing noisily, is caused by airflow being restricted through the body’s airways during sleep. When you lie on your back, gravity pulls tissues that surround your airways downwards, narrowing them. As air passes through the passage through the nose, it causes tissue to vibrate (振动) with every breath and can create a snoring sound. When you sleep on your side this tissue doesn’t move downwards, opening up the airways s and reducing the volume of snoring. YOU ONLY USE TEN PERCENT OF YOUR BRAIN ③ This common theory in question dates back to the early 1900s, when the philosopher and founder of American psychology William James suggested that we only use a small portion of our potential. In a 1907 paper titled The Energies of Men, James wrote: “We are making use of only a small part of our possible mental and physical resources.” It’s sustained by a book How to Win Friends and Influence People, where American writer Lowell Thomas wrote that “professor William James of Harvard used to say that the average person develops only ten per cent of his potential 1mental ability”. However, the truth is that your brain is firing on all cylinders (气缸) and not limited to just ten percent of its power. Which of the following pictures best illustrates SNORING SCIENCE? A． B． C． D． （四幅人体上呼吸道剖面示意图） 考向 4：数据可视化图表（柱状图、饼图，匹配原文百分比、统计占比） Travelling around the bank holidays is a great way to boost your annual leave — by booking time off strategically, you can enjoy longer breaks without eating into your holiday allowance. Here are the bank holiday dates to look out for in 2026 if you want to make more out of your time off. What are the bank holiday dates in England and Wales for 2026? Date Holiday Date Holiday Thursday, January 1 New Year’s Day Monday, May 25 Spring bank holiday Friday, April 3 Good Friday Monday, August 31 Summer bank holiday Monday, April 6 Easter Monday Friday, December 25 Christmas Day Monday, May 4 Early May bank holiday Monday, December 28 Boxing Day The most effective way to use the bank holidays Making the most of bank holidays is all about taking off strategic days around them so you can tag on the weekends. This will let you take a longer chunk of time off without having to use as much of your holiday allowance.This is especially true around Christmas and new year when the cluster of bank holidays makes it easy to have a couple of weeks off. Different bank holidays in different regions of the UK There are four nations in the UK and the number of bank holidays for each one is different. England and Wales have eight bank holidays a year while Scotland enjoys nine and Northern Ireland has ten.The next bank holiday in England, Wales and Scotland is April 3, Good Friday. But for Northern Ireland it’s March 17, St Patrick’s Day. In some years, there have also been additional bank holidays due to special events, such as the King’s coronation in 2023. Lily is an engineer in Ireland (excluding weekends and bank holidays, she can take an additional 4 days off each month). In 2026, if Lily wants to visit the Maldives, where the weather will be perfect in April, she can take up to ________ consecutive days off. A．14 B．16 C．18 D．20 （配图：2026 年 3 月、4 月日历图） 考向 5：机理结构示意图（地理、物理、数学，物体结构、剖面、排布方式）      When I was 14, I began collecting all the interesting math facts and puzzles that weren’t covered in school into a notebook. This notebook eventually expanded into six volumes. These collections became the basis for my book, Professor Stewart’s Cabinet of Mathematical Curiosities.      One of the most interesting topics I revisited while writing my book was the “sausage conjecture,” a unique mathematical challenge. A conjecture is a theory that mathematicians believe could be true but hasn’t been proven or disproven yet. The sausage conjecture is about finding the most efficient way to wrap circles or spheres. For example, if you wrap a string tightly around several identical circles laid out on a flat surface, the conjecture explores which arrangement minimizes the area inside the string.     Mathematicians have long studied how to pack objects tightly. For instance, it took nearly 400 years to prove that stacking oranges in hexagonal layers is the most compact form in three dimensions. However, this area of math isn’t fully resolved, especially when considering more than three dimensions or different shapes. Consider a simple situation: if you were to wrap a ribbon around six flat, circular pies, you would find that placing the pies in a straight line (forming a “sausage” shape with the string) covers the smallest area. But if you wrap seven pies, a hexagonal layout with one pie in the center touching the others is more space-efficient. This pattern holds true for up to six circles; a linear layout is best. But for seven or more, a rounder arrangement minimizes the area inside the string. This has been proven mathematically for up to six circles. The problem becomes even more complex with spheres. For wrapping 56 or fewer identical spheres, a sausage-shaped arrangement minimizes the volume inside the wrapping. With 57 spheres, a compact shape is better, as it balances thinness with volume. This too is a proven theorem. 55．According to the passage, how should six flat, circular items be arranged to minimize the area enclosed by a string? A． B． C． D． （四幅圆形馅饼排布示意图） 考向 6：图文推理匹配（原理文字描述，选出符合原理的模型图） From the time human beings began to draw them, maps have helped people find their way around their environments. But maps can show us many things, not just which direction to go. They show the path of history, the earth’s shape development of mathematics, and the progress of technology. One of the oldest-known land maps is an almost 1,600-year-old tablet from Southwest Asia. The map shows a circle of land that is divided by a river and surrounded by ocean. Triangles on the map indicate eight different regions. And the map’s text describes legendary beasts and heroes that were important to the ancient people of the area. Around AD 150,a Greek scientist drew north-south and east-west lines on a map. This addition applies mathematics to mapping and was an early attempt to show the earth’s shape on a flat piece of paper. Maps gradually became much more detailed as new regions were explored and put down on paper. Also, mathematical and astronomical advances helped to perfect the world map to what we know and love today! Now that you know a little about the early history of maps, lets learn some fun facts. East at the Top These days, most maps feature north at the top. However, during the Middle Ages, most maps had east at the top. This was done to point in the direction of the morning sun. Puzzle Maps When printed maps became available to the general population in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, not everyone could understand them. In fact, the first jigsaw puzzles(拼图游戏)were designed as practice maps for eighteenth-century geography classes! Fake Places Mapmakers need to make sure that their work is not copied by others. To protect their work, many mapmakers add made-up towns or streets to their maps. Only the original mapmaker would know about the fake entry. Modern Technology Today, digital maps and GPS technology have revolutionized the way we explore our world. With the touch of a screen, we can see our exact location, plan routes, and even view real-time traffic updates. 44．Which of the following pictures best shows the modern form of the Greek scientist’s addition to the map? A． B． C． D． （四幅地图 / 经纬线示意图） 重难·创新演练 Passage 1 Types of Faults A fault is a fracture surface within the earth on which slip or displacement has taken place. The total displacement on a fault may be less than a few centimeters or may be measured in hundreds of kilometers. Large displacements are commonly achieved by a series of sudden slips associated with earthquakes, but under some conditions involving slow slip, called creep. Many possible fault structures are possible; the fracture surface may be planar or curved, and the slip may be uniform everywhere or may change from place to place, as in a rotational displacement or a displacement that becomes smaller and smaller and finally dies out. The three fundamental fault types are normal, reverse, and strike-slip. Normal faults involve a dipping fracture surface on which the block above the fault plane, the hanging-wall block, is downthrown with respect to the block below, called the footwall block. Normal faults are common in regions of crustal (地壳的) extension. In contrast, reverse fault displacements, which are common in regions of compression (压挤), are such that the block above the fracture surface is uplifted with respect to the block below. Strike-slip faults generally involve no vertical motion, but instead are produced by two blocks that are sliding laterally past one another. The sense of lateral motion can be right lateral (dextral) or left lateral (sinistral). Imagine that you are standing on one side of the fault. If the other side has moved to the right, as may be indicated by offset streams, ridges, roads, fences, or other features that cross the fault, it is a right-lateral fault. If the other side has been offset to the left, the fault is left lateral. Few faults are, in fact, purely normal, reverse, or transverse, but instead combine transverse motion with either normal or reverse motion. This combined motion is termed oblique slip. Complex fault types When faults extend to the Earth’s surface, displacing parts of the landscape, landforms are developed or modified. The portion of the fracture surface that is exposed by faulting is called the fault scarp. Fault scarps may initially be angular and well defined, but over time they are modified by weathering and erosion on the upper portions while the lower portions become buried by eroded debris. If a region is sliced by a series of subparallel normal faults with sufficient displacement, horst-and-graben topography may develop. A horst is a block that has remained high relative to those on either side, whereas a graben is depressed relative to the adjacent blocks. 1．Which of the statement is TRUE according to the passage? A．Faults range in length from a few centimeters to many hundreds of kilometers B．Faults are generally caused by a series of slips associated with creep. C．The fracture surface is always in line with the angle of the slip structure. D．The angle of inclination of a specific fault plane is by no means uniform. 2．Which picture correctly illustrates Reverse fault? A． B． C． D． 3．Which part of the picture is called “fault scarp” according to the passage? A．① B．② C．③ D．④ 4．In which section would you most likely find this article? A．History and Society B．Science and Tech C．Animals and Nature D．Geopolitics and Travel Passage 2 Experience the newly opened Grand Canyon (大峡谷) West Skywalk in Colorado. Departing from Grand Canyon’s South Rim by Airplane to Grand Canyon’s West Rim, you will land and take a ground tour to the Skywalk! Walk on air for 70 feet over the edge of Grand Canyon West. This Skywalk has been open since March 28, 2007. Daily visitorship to the Skywalk has been over 4,000 people. Please be patient to enjoy your moment on the Skywalk. After you have experienced the one and only Grand Canyon Skywalk Glass Bridge, you will return to the Grand Canyon West Airport and take your Airplane for a flight back to the South Rim of the Canyon. This is a tour never to be forgotten as you will have walked on air over the Grand Canyon .Tour Itinerary (行程) Tour Duration 5.7 Hours The Grand Canyon Adventure Skywalk Flight from Grand Canyon South Rim to Grand Canyon West 1 Hour Experience a bird’s-eye view of the Grand Canyon as you make your way to Grand Canyon West. Light Lunch at Guano Point at Grand Canyon West 2 Hours You’ll be taken by bus to Guano Point with breathtaking views of the western part of the Grand Canyon, where the Colorado River makes its way into Lake Mead. Every table for lunch has a view. Walk on the World Famous Skywalk 1.5 Hours Finally, you’ll board your bus to Eagle Point, home of the Grand Canyon Skywalk. Now it is time for you to walk on air for 70 feet over the Grand Canyon. Flight Back to Grand Canyon South Rim 1.2 Hours After time on the Skywalk, you’ll return to the Grand Canyon West Airport and return to Grand Canyon South Rim in time for dinner and sunset. 1．This advertisement is for __________. A．Grand Canyon B．Grand Canyon South C．the Skywalk D．Grand Canyon West 2．The package fee does NOT cover the cost of _______. A． B． C． D． 3．According to the Tour Itinerary, the route is ______. A．South Rim→Guano Point→West Airport→Eagle Point→West Airport→South Rim B．South Rim→West Airport→Guano Point→Eagle Point→West Airport→South Rim C．South Rim→West Airport→Eagle Point→Guano Point→West Airport→South Rim D．South Rim→West Airport→Eagle Point→West Airport→Guano Point→South Rim Passage 3 New understanding of the relation between thought and emotion have strengthened the scientific foundation of the study of emotional intelligence. Using a simple decision-making task, neurologist Antonio R. Damasio and his colleagues at the University of low a have provided convincing evidence that emotion and reason are essentially inseparable. In the early 1990s Damasio had people participate in a gambling task in which the goal is to maximize profit on a loan of play money. Participants were instructed to select 100 cards, one at a time, from four different decks. The experimenter arranged the cards such that two of the decks provided larger payoffs ($100 compared to only $50) but also doled out (按份额发放) larger penalties at unpredictable intervals. One group of participants in this study had been identified as having lesions (捐赠害) to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex of the brain. Patients with this type of brain damage have normal intellectual function but are unable to use emotion in making decisions. The other group was normal, meaning that their brains were fully intact. Because there was no way for any of the players to calculate precisely which decks were riskier, they had to rely on their “gut” feelings to avoid losing money. Damasio’s group demonstrated that the brain-lesion patients failed to pay attention to these feelings and thus lost significantly more money. Therefore, defects in the brain that impair emotion and feeling detection can impair decision-making. Damasio concluded that “individuals make judgments not only by assessing the severity of outcomes, but also and primarily in terms of their emotional quality.” 1．How much can one participant get if he or she keeps picking cards from Deck C and D? A．Almost $1. 250 B．About $5. 000. C．Around $2. 500. D．Hard to tell. 2．What can we infer from the passage and pictures? A．The brain-damaged patients rely on their emotion to play games. B．There is no significant difference between the brain-damaged and normal participants C．The normal participants are likely to win more money because of their reasoning ability. D．The brain-damaged participants may lose more money than the normal participants 3．Which of the following chart best represents the result of card selection of those with ventromedial lesion? A． B． C． D． 名校真题·实战演练 Passage 1 Perhaps you wouldn’t want to live over 100, but certainly you would live a long and healthy life. We all want to know the trick for extending out lives, and physicians and researchers have written thoudsands of pages on that topic. Most of them write about the ways of taking care of our body; Cut your Cholesterol (胆固醇), lose weight, exercise, stop smoking, and watch out blood pressure. While these are important, there is more to consider. Just as critical are how much you like your job, whether you have a good relationship with your parents and children, whether you’re depressed or happy. We would all agree that these factors counts in quality of life. The fact is that they count in length of life, too. The truth is that being well does not simply mean being in great physical shape. Overall good health is composed of five unique circles of wellness: the physical, the mental, the family and the social, the spiritual, and the material. The five circles of wellness interlock and interact. Most of us have experienced the way the circles affect one another. Perhaps mental sress caused a headache, which hurt so much that you stayed home from a party, which meant you spent Saturday night alone, which made you so depressed that you ate a quarter of ice cream. Or perhaps the circles of wellness interacted in a positive way: A peaceful walk on the beach calmed your mind, relaxed your body, gave you physical exercise, helped you sleep better, and made you more pleasant to be around, and so on. In order to live a life that is not only long, but happy, satisfying and fulfilling- what I call a “sweet” life- you must have good health in all five circles. Knowing which areas need the most improvement and which are already healthy is the key to increasing your life span. 1．What can be concluded from paragraph 1? A．We are more concerned about our body than physicians. B．Researchers haven’t agreed on what benefits our health. C．Living over 100 is something that we are all agree for. D．Our mental state is as important as physical condition for a long life. 2．Which of the following is an example given in the passage to show the positive interaction of the circles of wellness? A．A headache prevented you from attending a party and that hurt so much. B．You spent Saturday night alone, which caused a headache and hurt so much. C．A peaceful walk on the beach relaxed your body and helped you sleep better. D．You were so depressed that you ate an ice cream, which relaxed your body. 3．Which of the following pictures best illustrates the relationship between the five circles? A． B． C． D． Passage 2 The Rise of the 0.5 Selfie Julia Herzig, a 22-year-old from Larchmont, N.Y., has “an obsession.” It’s with taking a new kind of selfie—one that doesn’t exactly look normal. In some of these selfies, Ms. Herzig’s forehead bulges across half of the frame. Her eyes are half disks, peering up at something beyond the camera. Her nose juts out. Her mouth is invisible. These images are best when they build “weird, creepy atmospheres,” she said. Wherever Gen Z gathers these days, a 0.5 selfie is almost bound to be taken. The 0.5 selfies are showing up on Instagram, spreading in group chats, becoming the talk of parties and often being snapped to record the trivial details of daily life. Unlike a traditional selfie, which people can endlessly prepare and pose for, the 0.5 selfie—so named because users tap 0.5x on a smartphone camera to switch to ultra-wide mode—has become popular because it is far from pre-designed. Since the ultra-wide-angle lens is built into the back cameras of phones, people can’t watch themselves take a 0.5 selfie, creating random images that convey the fanciful ideas of distortion (歪曲). Because of the wide angle, subjects closer to a lens seem larger, while those farther away seem smaller. That shift twists subjects in a way that is welcome in, for example, architectural photography but traditionally discouraged in portraiture. “Wide angle for portrait shoots was always really different because it just made it more distorted,” said Alessandro Uribe-Rheinbolt, 23, a Colombian photographer based in Detroit. Mr. Uribe-Rheinbolt said he had recently brought the wide angle from his portrait work —where clients have asked for the look of a 0.5 selfie — to his personal life, using it to capture his friends, his outfits and his daily routine. “It does give it a more casual look,” he said. “There’s a lot more creativity with the way you angle and the way that you put it closer.” An unedited 0.5 selfie is more organically playful than a front-facing selfie. Posting the selfies on Instagram, where limbs are noodly or eyes are buggy, is meant to be silly, making it seem like the photographers take themselves— and social media—less seriously. “Something about it breaks the fourth wall because you’re acknowledging that you’re taking a picture for the sake of taking a picture,” said Hannah Kaplon, 22, from Sacramento. “It’s trying to make Instagram casual again.” 1．Which of the following photos CANNOT be counted as 0.5 selfie? A． B． C． D． 2．Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about 0.5 selfie? A．The invention of ultra-wide-angle lens gave birth to 0.5 selfie. B．The way 0.5 selfies are taken is unpopular in architectural photography C．People can take some time to prepare and pose for 0.5 selfie in advance. D．It is impossible for photographers to include everyone present in a 0.5 selfie. 3．What does the underlined “breaks the fourth wall” probably mean in the last paragraph? A．is mistakenly against the rules of taking pictures. B．makes it difficult to please the viewers deliberately C．shows casualness without caring too much about purpose D．seeks creativity by completely ignoring common knowledge Passage 3 More and more online shopping platforms now offer consumers a detailed look into products’ historical prices. But how does this information influence buying decisions? To explore this question, we conducted a series of experiments with a total of more than 5,000 business school students and working adults. We measured the impact of different kinds of price shifts on people’s interest in purchasing products and identified several consistent trends: First, when consumers saw that the price today was lower than it had been in the past, they were more likely to buy now, because the current price seemed like a good deal. However, the picture gets more complicated when you consider the frequency of historical price shifts: In our studies, we found that if consumers were shown at least three changes in the same direction, they were likely to assume the price would continue to move in the same direction. While if they were only shown one or two changes in the same direction, they expected the price to change in the opposite direction. So what does this mean for sellers? It may be tempting to slowly lower the price over time. However, our data shows that this can lead consumers to assume that the price will continue to fall, making them hesitant to buy. But if they just see a single price drop, they ‘re more likely to expect a reversal in the near future, pushing them to buy the product now. Our findings can also help buyers make more informed decisions about whether and when they choose to make a purchase. As with any irrational bias (非理性的偏见), awareness of the natural tendency to expect trends to continue and single large changes to reverse can help consumers question this assumption before acting on it. Instead of letting this arbitrary (武断的) expectation guide buying decisions, consumers may benefit by doing a bit more research around the underlying factors driving price shifts. Buyers may also benefit from learning more about a product’s longer-term price history, fluctuations (波动), and typical industry-wide price ranges, to avoid being disproportionately influenced by near-term price changes. It’s also always a good idea to think about both how urgent your need for a given product is, and your own risk tolerance for a potential price increase, as this can affect whether it’s worth it for you to wait and see if the price falls. Of course, there are countless factors that influence both consumers’ decisions around whether and when to buy and sellers’ decisions around how to price their products. But it’s important for both sides to recognize the key role that expectations play in influencing these decisions. 1．Which of the following is true about the experiment? A．It proves that people’s interest in the product drives the purchasing behavior. B．E-commerce platforms turn to it to connect with customers and boost sales. C．It’s designed to figure out the purchasing decision process based on pricing. D．Business school students make up the whole control group for comparison. 2．Which of the following price trends might tempt consumers to buy on May 8th? A． B． C． D． 3．Consumers are advised to . A．decide on the assumptions that long-term price trend will continue B．research longer-term price history, price ranges and hidden factors C．put off the purchase for better deals because of the unsustainable market D．cooperate with sellers while putting aside the personal risk and urgency 4．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．How do price changes influence buying decisions? B．Why should products’ historical prices be shown? C．When is the best time for consumers to purchase? D．What do businesses need to price their products? Passage 4 A well-designed PowerPoint presentation can help communicate your ideas effectively and engage your audience. To avoid creating text-heavy slides that bore your audience, follow these essential 4 sorts of tips compiled from PowerPoint expert Ferry Pereboom. 1. Text Tips: Keep Text Short: Stick to the 5×5 rule — no more than 5 lines with 5 words per line. Choose Readable Fonts: Use classic, easy-to-read fonts like Calibri or Helvetica. Font Size: Set headers to 20pt and body text to 18pt for better legibility .2. Design Tips: Increase Contrast: Make text easy to read by using high contrast, such as dark text on a light background. Use Colors Wisely: Choose colors based on your audience — bright colors for informal presentations and subdued (柔和的) tones for professional settings. PowerPoint Shapes: Replace bullet points with shapes to make your message clearer and visually appealing. Select Relevant Visuals: Use high-quality images that support your message and maintain consistency. Mock-ups Over Screenshots: Use device mock-ups instead of screenshots for a more polished look. Visualize Data: Use graphs, charts, and SmartArt to represent data clearly. Simplify Tables: Avoid clutter in tables by removing unnecessary borders and colors. Industry Templates (模版): Use industry-specific templates to make your slides more relevant. 3. ____________: Minimize Transitions: Use simple transitions, like fade, to keep the focus on your content. Presenter View: Use Presenter View to monitor time, slides, and notes. Provide an Outline: Start with a welcome slide, followed by a menu slide and a summary slide to help your audience follow along. 4. Hardware Tips: Back Up Your Presentation: Save your slides in multiple formats (e.g., PDF or Google Slides) to prevent technical issues. By applying these tips, you can create a PowerPoint that is engaging, clear, and professional, ensuring your message is communicated effectively. 1．Which of the following phrases can best fill in the blank? A．Standardization Tips B．Orientation Tips C．Limitation Tips D．Easy-to-Read Tips 2．According to the passage, which of the following may upset the audience’s visual experience during a rather formal meeting? A．Templates customized for the corresponding academic fields. B．Calm and soft background colors combined with texts using high-contrast colors. C．A diagram directly captured from a paper via print screen key on the keyboard. D．Ideas described in an easy form and appropriate number of technical terms. 3．Sheryl is preparing for her annual academic medical outcome presentation. Following is one of her slides. To modify the unproper place(s), she should refer to Sort ________ of tips. A．1 B．2 C．1 and 4 D．1,2, 3 and 4 Passage 5 【上海市进才中学2024-2025学年下学期期末考试英语试题】 If five-year-olds could read academic research reports, they might be alarmed by what they would find in a recent one from the Stanford Center on Longevity. The report opened with a bit of promising news: “In the United States, demographers (人口统计学家) predict that as many as half of today’s five-year-olds can expect to live to the age of 100.” But that was followed, several pages down, by a haunting prediction: “Over the course of 100-year lives, we can expect to work for 60 years or more.” In the United States, the average retirement age is 62. For most people, 40 or so years of work is more than enough, so the idea of an additional 20 is depressing. Perhaps that’s because we are imagining 60 years of work as it is for many people today: inflexible, all-consuming, poorly matched to the rhythms of life. For the sake of the five-year-olds, we should redesign work. “We work increasingly harder through the years when we’re having children,” said Laura Carstensen, director of the Stanford Center on Longevity. Work and family responsibilities both commonly peak in mid-adulthood. They can be really stressful, especially for women, who primarily bear the heavy burden of childcare. To address this, Carstensen proposes allowing workers to scale their hours up or down throughout their careers, based on their responsibilities outside of paid work. She imagines two parents being able to temporarily reduce their full-time jobs to 20 hours a week when caring for their young children, and then gradually increasing their working hours later on. Under this model, people would work the same amount overall as they do now, but spread work out over more years of their lives. Moreover, working less during life’s “peak periods” would allow people to spend more time on their hobbies and with their friends. This could help avoid exhaustion. At some point in their 20s or 30s, many workers enter a season of life when jobs and families “steal” time from friendships. Temporarily reducing workloads could mitigate (缓和) that shift and allow people to live more varied lives. This vision makes a 60-year career feel manageable, but there are significant barriers to redesigning work in this way. “When we started having dual-earner households, that translated into people buying more stuff,” said Louis Hyman, a historian at Cornell University. So when people stay healthier for longer, it is unlikely that they will be able to opt out of working more. That said, retirement as we know it is a relatively new invention. Until the late 19th century, people typically worked until they were no longer physically able to. What has changed between then and now is that retirement became financially feasible. People’s incomes rose as productivity increased. And in the 1930s, the U. S. government started distributing Social Security payments to support people in their old age. It might be difficult to imagine a more humane style of work becoming the new norm. However, the world we are living in now would have been just as hard to imagine for our ancestors who-practically worked up until the moment they died. 1．What’s the main problem with today’s working career for most people? A．They may have to work full-time for as long as 60 years. B．They feel tired of having to engage in various social activities. C．They find it hard to be promoted when they have children. D．They struggle to balance their work and family commitments in middle age. 2．Which of the following chart might Laura Carstensen agree with about future career? A． B． C． D． 3．What might prevent people from retiring from work in the future? A．Unexpected health problems. B．The increasing desire for consumption. C．The busy schedule of parents. D．The Social Security payment. 4．What can be inferred form the last two paragraphs? A．Retirement is an idea that dates back to the Industrial Revolution. B．Retirement wouldn’t have become possible without economic progress. C．It was impossible for our ancestors to build up savings by doing a full-time job. D．Our ancestors worked until their death because of their poor working conditions. 20 / 20网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第12讲 阅读理解新考向之图文结合题 目 录 模拟·基础演练 1 重难·创新演练 7 真题·实战演练 13 模拟·基础演练 考查重点：图文结合题为高考阅读特色综合题型，融合文字描述与各类可视化图表，兼顾细节定位、逻辑梳理、原理解读、主旨识别四大能力，常与篇章结构、推理判断交叉命题。… 重难·创新演练 考向 1：流程图（时序变化、事物演变、实验过程、强弱数值随时间变化） How to Observe Variable Stars Variable stars are, as the name suggests, stars that vary in brightness. They can be interesting to observe, and this is where amateur astronomy can make great contributions to the professional area.Step 1: Finding Variable Stars #1 Go out observing stars. Go out and familiarize yourself with the stars. #2 Identify a variable star you want to observe (target star). #3 Find a couple of non-variable stars (guide stars) near your star. These stars should be of a similar brightness to your target star. #4 Compare how bright the variable star is to the guide stars every night.Step 2: Recording Your Observations #1 Get yourself a notebook and a pencil. If you need a flashlight, place a red filter (过滤器) when the light shines through. Using a flashlight without doing this will ruin your night vision. #2 At the top, write down the name of the target star and then the guide stars. #3 Every night, record how bright your target star is compared to the guide stars. Write down the date and time as well. #4 Try drawing a chart of how your target star changes in its brightness. The chart can help you identify what type of variable star you are observing.Step 3: Identifying the Types #1 Based on your chart, judge if your target star belongs to the main types or the rarer types of variable stars. The main types generally have regular and predictable variations, while the rarer types don’t. #2 If your target star belongs to the main types of variable stars, click here for reference charts to identify its subtype. If it belongs to the rarer types, refer to the following explanations and reference charts. ·Flare stars spend most of their time at a low brightness, and sometimes, for a few minutes, jump up in brightness. ·Recurrent novae are similar to flare stars, but they have much greater jumps in brightness, and jumps are a lot rarer. ·R Coronae Borealis stars spend most time at their maximum brightness. At unpredictable intervals, their brightness decreases quickly, and then goes back up. ·Supernovae are rare events. When a star runs out of fuel, its life changes dramatically. They are incredibly bright, but seeing one with the naked eye can be a once-in-a-lifetime event. (* In the above reference charts, T stands for TIME; B stands for BRIGHTNESS) Which of the following chart best illustrates the change in brightness of a Recurrent novae? A． B． C． D． （配图：4 张 B‑T 坐标曲线图；B 代表 brightness 亮度，T 代表 time 时间） 答案：A 适配考向解析： 本题属于时序变化流程图 / 坐标曲线图，用曲线图形展示天体亮度随时间的动态变化。原文描述：再发新星大部分时间亮度低，偶发大幅度亮度跃升，且跃升现象很罕见。解题需要把文字描述转化为图像特征：基线亮度低、突变幅度大、突变次数稀少。命题陷阱：混淆耀星 flare 和再发新星 recurrent novae 的曲线特征，把频繁波动曲线当作答案。 考向 2：树状层级结构图（考查文本内部逻辑分类、总分分支关系） I struggle with letting go of things. Distressing situations that occurred decades ago still regularly pop into my mind and stress me out. I don’t seem to be able to move past them and forget them. Even small irrelevant things get me worked up. Can you suggest some techniques to move on and lead a calmer life?——A painful reader Since you said a lot of these are insignificant upon reflection, I’ll assume we’re not talking about big traumas (创伤) but the kinds of sour memories we all have. It feels unpleasant to be pulled back into the past, forced to relive those painful memories. So why do we keep going back? One possibility is that we feel not enough has changed. Time might have passed, but in the respects that matter, we still feel as though we’re right there. Still scared in the same ways those situations made us feel, still vulnerable to those same stressors, even uninsured against the same mistakes. If you feel as though a lot has changed since an indignity, the memory feels more like a postcard from somewhere distant. But if you feel the same in the ways that matter, an upsetting thing from the past can still seem threatening insofar as that version of us persists today. Or maybe we go back to these memories because there’s some unanswered question we keep trying to solve. Why did I say that? Why did they do that? If I’d done that differently, would this have changed? Maybe, more rarely, we go back because we’re bored. Sometimes if present-day life doesn’t quite feel stimulating enough we can go back to conflicts or hard choices from the past, because even though they were unpleasant, they somehow feel more real. Therapy can help figure out which it is for you. When the distressing thought comes knocking, why does it seem worth opening the door? That would really help you tailor your strategies. The calm you’ll need if you’re trying to solve a question may not be the calm you need if you still feel vulnerable in those same ways. Well-meaning people might say you need closure, a way to tell a coherent (有条理的) story. Closure is great if you can get it, but I’m not convinced it’s essential. What concerns me is that trying to find narratively pleasing ways to transform painful memories ultimately makes our capacity to move on depend on whether we can make sense of those events. Coherence may be genuinely beyond our reach. Bad luck doesn’t make sense. People don’t always have a “why”. I think it’s less “I have to get closure” and more “I have to see this as past; over”. As you try to figure out what is captivating about these memories, it might help to try seeing them in past tense. Not solved, just over—not a source of new pain, not part of a pattern; an echo of hurts gone by. According to the columnist, why do we keep going back to painful memories? A．(a) Still vulnerable as before; (b) Wondering “why”; (c) Feeling bored in present life. B．(a) Becoming stronger over time; (b) Gaining closure ultimately; (c) Seeking excitement. C．(a) Avoiding current problems; (b) Hoping to erase past; (c) Searching for luck. D．(a) Developing new skills; (b) Rewriting the past; (c) Enjoying old conflicts. 答案：A 适配考向解析： 本题属于树状并列分支结构图，用框图可视化呈现 “痛苦记忆” 的三大并列成因。中心主题Painful memories为总节点，下面三个方框是三个平行分论点。解题第一步要回到原文定位三处原因：①依旧和从前一样脆弱；②内心不断追问 “为什么”；③现实生活感到无聊。该类题型核心是识别总‑并列分论点层级关系。命题陷阱：选项会混入文中没有出现的主观推断，把结果当成原因。 考向 3：概念具象示意图（抽象文字描述匹配实物 / 剖面 / 原理示意图） WAKING A SLEEPWALKER IS BAD FOR THEIR HEALTH ① Sleepwalking typically occurs during the non-rapid eye movement stage of sleep. Several factors can lead to walking while sleeping, including alcohol use, stress and even brain injury. However, there is a genetic explanation for sleepwalking. Studies have shown that children with one or both sleepwalking parents are 40 to 60 per cent more likely to sleepwalk themselves. As for the consequences of waking a sleepwalker, there is no evidence that it will hurt or harm him, but will likely cause disorientation and confusion. LYING ON YOUR BACK MAKES YOU SNORE MORE ② Snoring, namely breathing noisily, is caused by airflow being restricted through the body’s airways during sleep. When you lie on your back, gravity pulls tissues that surround your airways downwards, narrowing them. As air passes through the passage through the nose, it causes tissue to vibrate (振动) with every breath and can create a snoring sound. When you sleep on your side this tissue doesn’t move downwards, opening up the airways s and reducing the volume of snoring. YOU ONLY USE TEN PERCENT OF YOUR BRAIN ③ This common theory in question dates back to the early 1900s, when the philosopher and founder of American psychology William James suggested that we only use a small portion of our potential. In a 1907 paper titled The Energies of Men, James wrote: “We are making use of only a small part of our possible mental and physical resources.” It’s sustained by a book How to Win Friends and Influence People, where American writer Lowell Thomas wrote that “professor William James of Harvard used to say that the average person develops only ten per cent of his potential 1mental ability”. However, the truth is that your brain is firing on all cylinders (气缸) and not limited to just ten percent of its power. Which of the following pictures best illustrates SNORING SCIENCE? A． B． C． D． （四幅人体上呼吸道剖面示意图） 答案：D 适配考向解析： 本题属于生理原理剖面示意图。原文：仰卧睡觉时重力牵拉软组织，气道被挤压变窄，气流振动软组织产生鼾声。D 图直观展示仰卧状态下软腭堵塞气道的剖面结构。解题要点：区分 “通畅气道” 和 “被挤压堵塞气道” 两张示意图。命题陷阱：选择气道打开的 C 图，混淆打鼾时气道受阻的核心条件。 考向 4：数据可视化图表（柱状图、饼图，匹配原文百分比、统计占比） Travelling around the bank holidays is a great way to boost your annual leave — by booking time off strategically, you can enjoy longer breaks without eating into your holiday allowance. Here are the bank holiday dates to look out for in 2026 if you want to make more out of your time off. What are the bank holiday dates in England and Wales for 2026? Date Holiday Date Holiday Thursday, January 1 New Year’s Day Monday, May 25 Spring bank holiday Friday, April 3 Good Friday Monday, August 31 Summer bank holiday Monday, April 6 Easter Monday Friday, December 25 Christmas Day Monday, May 4 Early May bank holiday Monday, December 28 Boxing Day The most effective way to use the bank holidays Making the most of bank holidays is all about taking off strategic days around them so you can tag on the weekends. This will let you take a longer chunk of time off without having to use as much of your holiday allowance.This is especially true around Christmas and new year when the cluster of bank holidays makes it easy to have a couple of weeks off. Different bank holidays in different regions of the UK There are four nations in the UK and the number of bank holidays for each one is different. England and Wales have eight bank holidays a year while Scotland enjoys nine and Northern Ireland has ten.The next bank holiday in England, Wales and Scotland is April 3, Good Friday. But for Northern Ireland it’s March 17, St Patrick’s Day. In some years, there have also been additional bank holidays due to special events, such as the King’s coronation in 2023. Lily is an engineer in Ireland (excluding weekends and bank holidays, she can take an additional 4 days off each month). In 2026, if Lily wants to visit the Maldives, where the weather will be perfect in April, she can take up to ________ consecutive days off. A．14 B．16 C．18 D．20 （配图：2026 年 3 月、4 月日历图） 答案：B 适配考向解析： 本题属于日历信息图表，属于数据可视化衍生题型。需要读取日历图表上周末、法定假日日期，叠加个人可休假天数，计算最长连续休假。解题要把图片日历信息 + 文本规则结合运算。命题陷阱：漏看银行公共假日；忽略每月最多 4 天额外休假限制，造成计算天数偏大。 考向 5：机理结构示意图（地理、物理、数学，物体结构、剖面、排布方式）      When I was 14, I began collecting all the interesting math facts and puzzles that weren’t covered in school into a notebook. This notebook eventually expanded into six volumes. These collections became the basis for my book, Professor Stewart’s Cabinet of Mathematical Curiosities.      One of the most interesting topics I revisited while writing my book was the “sausage conjecture,” a unique mathematical challenge. A conjecture is a theory that mathematicians believe could be true but hasn’t been proven or disproven yet. The sausage conjecture is about finding the most efficient way to wrap circles or spheres. For example, if you wrap a string tightly around several identical circles laid out on a flat surface, the conjecture explores which arrangement minimizes the area inside the string.     Mathematicians have long studied how to pack objects tightly. For instance, it took nearly 400 years to prove that stacking oranges in hexagonal layers is the most compact form in three dimensions. However, this area of math isn’t fully resolved, especially when considering more than three dimensions or different shapes. Consider a simple situation: if you were to wrap a ribbon around six flat, circular pies, you would find that placing the pies in a straight line (forming a “sausage” shape with the string) covers the smallest area. But if you wrap seven pies, a hexagonal layout with one pie in the center touching the others is more space-efficient. This pattern holds true for up to six circles; a linear layout is best. But for seven or more, a rounder arrangement minimizes the area inside the string. This has been proven mathematically for up to six circles. The problem becomes even more complex with spheres. For wrapping 56 or fewer identical spheres, a sausage-shaped arrangement minimizes the volume inside the wrapping. With 57 spheres, a compact shape is better, as it balances thinness with volume. This too is a proven theorem. 55．According to the passage, how should six flat, circular items be arranged to minimize the area enclosed by a string? A． B． C． D． （四幅圆形馅饼排布示意图） 【答案】B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个复杂的数学理论——香肠猜想。 适配考向解析： 本题属于数学排布机理示意图。原文香肠猜想：6 个圆形馅饼，排成一条直线（香肠形），绳子包围面积最小。B 图为直线排布。解题提取文本 “placing the pies in a straight line”，匹配图像布局。命题陷阱：误选六边形紧凑排布，该排布适用于 7 个及以上圆，不适合 6 个。 考向 6：图文推理匹配（原理文字描述，选出符合原理的模型图） From the time human beings began to draw them, maps have helped people find their way around their environments. But maps can show us many things, not just which direction to go. They show the path of history, the earth’s shape development of mathematics, and the progress of technology. One of the oldest-known land maps is an almost 1,600-year-old tablet from Southwest Asia. The map shows a circle of land that is divided by a river and surrounded by ocean. Triangles on the map indicate eight different regions. And the map’s text describes legendary beasts and heroes that were important to the ancient people of the area. Around AD 150,a Greek scientist drew north-south and east-west lines on a map. This addition applies mathematics to mapping and was an early attempt to show the earth’s shape on a flat piece of paper. Maps gradually became much more detailed as new regions were explored and put down on paper. Also, mathematical and astronomical advances helped to perfect the world map to what we know and love today! Now that you know a little about the early history of maps, lets learn some fun facts. East at the Top These days, most maps feature north at the top. However, during the Middle Ages, most maps had east at the top. This was done to point in the direction of the morning sun. Puzzle Maps When printed maps became available to the general population in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, not everyone could understand them. In fact, the first jigsaw puzzles(拼图游戏)were designed as practice maps for eighteenth-century geography classes! Fake Places Mapmakers need to make sure that their work is not copied by others. To protect their work, many mapmakers add made-up towns or streets to their maps. Only the original mapmaker would know about the fake entry. Modern Technology Today, digital maps and GPS technology have revolutionized the way we explore our world. With the touch of a screen, we can see our exact location, plan routes, and even view real-time traffic updates. 44．Which of the following pictures best shows the modern form of the Greek scientist’s addition to the map? A． B． C． D． （四幅地图 / 经纬线示意图） 【答案】44．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了地图的历史以及一些有趣的地图相关知识。 适配考向解析： 本题属于科学原理推理匹配图。原文：希腊科学家在地图上绘制南北、东西方向线条，也就是经纬线。需要读懂文字描述，推理现代对应的经纬网图像。命题陷阱：混淆黄道、天体运行图（C 选项）和地图经纬线。 重难·创新演练 Passage 1 Types of Faults A fault is a fracture surface within the earth on which slip or displacement has taken place. The total displacement on a fault may be less than a few centimeters or may be measured in hundreds of kilometers. Large displacements are commonly achieved by a series of sudden slips associated with earthquakes, but under some conditions involving slow slip, called creep. Many possible fault structures are possible; the fracture surface may be planar or curved, and the slip may be uniform everywhere or may change from place to place, as in a rotational displacement or a displacement that becomes smaller and smaller and finally dies out. The three fundamental fault types are normal, reverse, and strike-slip. Normal faults involve a dipping fracture surface on which the block above the fault plane, the hanging-wall block, is downthrown with respect to the block below, called the footwall block. Normal faults are common in regions of crustal (地壳的) extension. In contrast, reverse fault displacements, which are common in regions of compression (压挤), are such that the block above the fracture surface is uplifted with respect to the block below. Strike-slip faults generally involve no vertical motion, but instead are produced by two blocks that are sliding laterally past one another. The sense of lateral motion can be right lateral (dextral) or left lateral (sinistral). Imagine that you are standing on one side of the fault. If the other side has moved to the right, as may be indicated by offset streams, ridges, roads, fences, or other features that cross the fault, it is a right-lateral fault. If the other side has been offset to the left, the fault is left lateral. Few faults are, in fact, purely normal, reverse, or transverse, but instead combine transverse motion with either normal or reverse motion. This combined motion is termed oblique slip. Complex fault types When faults extend to the Earth’s surface, displacing parts of the landscape, landforms are developed or modified. The portion of the fracture surface that is exposed by faulting is called the fault scarp. Fault scarps may initially be angular and well defined, but over time they are modified by weathering and erosion on the upper portions while the lower portions become buried by eroded debris. If a region is sliced by a series of subparallel normal faults with sufficient displacement, horst-and-graben topography may develop. A horst is a block that has remained high relative to those on either side, whereas a graben is depressed relative to the adjacent blocks. 1．Which of the statement is TRUE according to the passage? A．Faults range in length from a few centimeters to many hundreds of kilometers B．Faults are generally caused by a series of slips associated with creep. C．The fracture surface is always in line with the angle of the slip structure. D．The angle of inclination of a specific fault plane is by no means uniform. 2．Which picture correctly illustrates Reverse fault? A． B． C． D． 3．Which part of the picture is called “fault scarp” according to the passage? A．① B．② C．③ D．④ 4．In which section would you most likely find this article? A．History and Society B．Science and Tech C．Animals and Nature D．Geopolitics and Travel 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文主要介绍地质断层的定义、分类、运动特点以及断层形成的相关地貌。 【详解】1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Many possible fault structures are possible; the fracture surface may be planar or curved, and the slip may be uniform everywhere or may change from place to place, as in a rotational displacement or a displacement that becomes smaller and smaller and finally dies out.(断层可能存在多种结构；断裂面可以是平面的，也可以是曲面的；滑动也可能在各处均匀，或者像旋转位移或逐渐减小直至消失的位移那样，随地而异。)”可知，断层面的形态、滑动方式都不是固定不变的，由此可以推断出 “特定断层面的倾角绝非一成不变”。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In contrast, reverse fault displacements, which are common in regions of compression (压挤), are such that the block above the fracture surface is uplifted with respect to the block below.(相反，逆断层多形成于挤压区域，断层面上方的岩块相对下方岩块向上抬升。)”，对比四个选项，只有C图中上方岩块相对下方岩块向上抬升，符合逆断层的特征。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The portion of the fracture surface that is exposed by faulting is called the fault scarp.(因断层作用裸露在外的断裂面部分被称作断层崖。)”，结合图示，④标注的位置正是断层作用裸露在外的断裂面，符合断层崖的定义。 4．推理判断题。根据“Types of Faults(断层的类型)”可知，全文围绕地质断层、地质地貌展开专业科普，属于科学技术类内容。 Passage 2 Experience the newly opened Grand Canyon (大峡谷) West Skywalk in Colorado. Departing from Grand Canyon’s South Rim by Airplane to Grand Canyon’s West Rim, you will land and take a ground tour to the Skywalk! Walk on air for 70 feet over the edge of Grand Canyon West. This Skywalk has been open since March 28, 2007. Daily visitorship to the Skywalk has been over 4,000 people. Please be patient to enjoy your moment on the Skywalk. After you have experienced the one and only Grand Canyon Skywalk Glass Bridge, you will return to the Grand Canyon West Airport and take your Airplane for a flight back to the South Rim of the Canyon. This is a tour never to be forgotten as you will have walked on air over the Grand Canyon .Tour Itinerary (行程) Tour Duration 5.7 Hours The Grand Canyon Adventure Skywalk Flight from Grand Canyon South Rim to Grand Canyon West 1 Hour Experience a bird’s-eye view of the Grand Canyon as you make your way to Grand Canyon West. Light Lunch at Guano Point at Grand Canyon West 2 Hours You’ll be taken by bus to Guano Point with breathtaking views of the western part of the Grand Canyon, where the Colorado River makes its way into Lake Mead. Every table for lunch has a view. Walk on the World Famous Skywalk 1.5 Hours Finally, you’ll board your bus to Eagle Point, home of the Grand Canyon Skywalk. Now it is time for you to walk on air for 70 feet over the Grand Canyon. Flight Back to Grand Canyon South Rim 1.2 Hours After time on the Skywalk, you’ll return to the Grand Canyon West Airport and return to Grand Canyon South Rim in time for dinner and sunset. 1．This advertisement is for __________. A．Grand Canyon B．Grand Canyon South C．the Skywalk D．Grand Canyon West 2．The package fee does NOT cover the cost of _______. A． B． C． D． 3．According to the Tour Itinerary, the route is ______. A．South Rim→Guano Point→West Airport→Eagle Point→West Airport→South Rim B．South Rim→West Airport→Guano Point→Eagle Point→West Airport→South Rim C．South Rim→West Airport→Eagle Point→Guano Point→West Airport→South Rim D．South Rim→West Airport→Eagle Point→West Airport→Guano Point→South Rim 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要推广大峡谷西峡空中走廊游览项目，介绍行程路线、时长及核心体验。 1．推理判断题。根据广告开头“Experience the newly opened Grand Canyon West Skywalk in Colorado.(体验科罗拉多州新开放的大峡谷西峡空中走廊。)”及全文对该游览项目的行程、体验的详细介绍，可知广告核心推广对象是空中走廊。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据表格中“Flight, by bus, walk on air, for dinner”可判断出费用包括了乘坐飞机和汽车、空中行走和餐饮而不包括住宿。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据行程表及正文描述，路线顺序为：从大峡谷南缘乘飞机前往西峡机场（Flight from Grand Canyon South Rim to Grand Canyon West）→ 乘车前往瓜诺角享用午餐（Light Lunch at Guano Point）→ 乘车前往鹰角体验空中走廊（Walk on the World Famous Skywalk）→ 返回西峡机场（return to the Grand Canyon West Airport）→ 乘飞机返回南缘（Flight Back to Grand Canyon South Rim）。对应选项B的路线顺序一致。故选B项。 Passage 3 New understanding of the relation between thought and emotion have strengthened the scientific foundation of the study of emotional intelligence. Using a simple decision-making task, neurologist Antonio R. Damasio and his colleagues at the University of low a have provided convincing evidence that emotion and reason are essentially inseparable. In the early 1990s Damasio had people participate in a gambling task in which the goal is to maximize profit on a loan of play money. Participants were instructed to select 100 cards, one at a time, from four different decks. The experimenter arranged the cards such that two of the decks provided larger payoffs ($100 compared to only $50) but also doled out (按份额发放) larger penalties at unpredictable intervals. One group of participants in this study had been identified as having lesions (捐赠害) to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex of the brain. Patients with this type of brain damage have normal intellectual function but are unable to use emotion in making decisions. The other group was normal, meaning that their brains were fully intact. Because there was no way for any of the players to calculate precisely which decks were riskier, they had to rely on their “gut” feelings to avoid losing money. Damasio’s group demonstrated that the brain-lesion patients failed to pay attention to these feelings and thus lost significantly more money. Therefore, defects in the brain that impair emotion and feeling detection can impair decision-making. Damasio concluded that “individuals make judgments not only by assessing the severity of outcomes, but also and primarily in terms of their emotional quality.” 1．How much can one participant get if he or she keeps picking cards from Deck C and D? A．Almost $1. 250 B．About $5. 000. C．Around $2. 500. D．Hard to tell. 2．What can we infer from the passage and pictures? A．The brain-damaged patients rely on their emotion to play games. B．There is no significant difference between the brain-damaged and normal participants C．The normal participants are likely to win more money because of their reasoning ability. D．The brain-damaged participants may lose more money than the normal participants 3．Which of the following chart best represents the result of card selection of those with ventromedial lesion? A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 【来源】上海市同济大学第一附属中学2023-2024学年高三上学期10月考试英语试题 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是通过一个简单的决策任务，神经学家Antonio R. Damasio和他的同事们提供了令人信服的证据，证明情感和理性在本质上是不可分割的。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Participants were instructed to select 100 cards, one at a time, from four different decks.(参与者被要求从四副不同的牌组中选择100张牌，每次一张。)”和图片中的Deck C和Deck D下面的字“net gain $250 every 10 card picked(每抽10张牌净赚250美元)”可知，如果一个参与者一直从C和D牌中抽牌，他或她可以得到的钱是$250乘以10，等于$2500，故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Damasio’s group demonstrated that the brain-lesion patients failed to pay attention to these feelings and thus lost significantly more money.(Damasio的研究小组证明，脑损伤患者没有注意到这些感觉，因此损失了更多的钱。)”可知，脑损伤的参与者可能比正常的参与者损失更多的钱。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Patients with this type of brain damage have normal intellectual function but are unable to use emotion in making decisions. The other group was normal, meaning that their brains were fully intact. Because there was no way for any of the players to calculate precisely which decks were riskier, they had to rely on their “gut” feelings to avoid losing money.(患有这种类型脑损伤的患者具有正常的智力功能，但在做决定时无法运用情感。另一组是正常的，这意味着他们的大脑完全完好无损。因为玩家无法准确计算出哪副牌风险更大，所以他们只能依靠自己的“直觉”来避免赔钱。)”和最后一段的“Damasio’s group demonstrated that the brain-lesion patients failed to pay attention to these feelings and thus lost significantly more money.(Damasio的研究小组证明，脑损伤患者没有注意到这些感觉，因此损失了更多的钱。)”可知，脑损伤患者会损失更多的钱，所以A的图表最能代表腹内侧病变患者的卡片选择结果。故选A。 名校真题·实战演练 Passage 1 【上海市金山中学2023-2024学年上学期9月月考英语试题】 Perhaps you wouldn’t want to live over 100, but certainly you would live a long and healthy life. We all want to know the trick for extending out lives, and physicians and researchers have written thoudsands of pages on that topic. Most of them write about the ways of taking care of our body; Cut your Cholesterol (胆固醇), lose weight, exercise, stop smoking, and watch out blood pressure. While these are important, there is more to consider. Just as critical are how much you like your job, whether you have a good relationship with your parents and children, whether you’re depressed or happy. We would all agree that these factors counts in quality of life. The fact is that they count in length of life, too. The truth is that being well does not simply mean being in great physical shape. Overall good health is composed of five unique circles of wellness: the physical, the mental, the family and the social, the spiritual, and the material. The five circles of wellness interlock and interact. Most of us have experienced the way the circles affect one another. Perhaps mental sress caused a headache, which hurt so much that you stayed home from a party, which meant you spent Saturday night alone, which made you so depressed that you ate a quarter of ice cream. Or perhaps the circles of wellness interacted in a positive way: A peaceful walk on the beach calmed your mind, relaxed your body, gave you physical exercise, helped you sleep better, and made you more pleasant to be around, and so on. In order to live a life that is not only long, but happy, satisfying and fulfilling- what I call a “sweet” life- you must have good health in all five circles. Knowing which areas need the most improvement and which are already healthy is the key to increasing your life span. 1．What can be concluded from paragraph 1? A．We are more concerned about our body than physicians. B．Researchers haven’t agreed on what benefits our health. C．Living over 100 is something that we are all agree for. D．Our mental state is as important as physical condition for a long life. 2．Which of the following is an example given in the passage to show the positive interaction of the circles of wellness? A．A headache prevented you from attending a party and that hurt so much. B．You spent Saturday night alone, which caused a headache and hurt so much. C．A peaceful walk on the beach relaxed your body and helped you sleep better. D．You were so depressed that you ate an ice cream, which relaxed your body. 3．Which of the following pictures best illustrates the relationship between the five circles? A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了影响健康的因素以及全面的健康由五个独特的健康圈组成，解释了这些健康圈之间的联系。 【详解】1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Most of them write about the ways of taking care of our body; Cut your Cholesterol (胆固醇), lose weight, exercise, stop smoking, and watch out blood pressure. While these are important, there is more to consider. Just as critical are how much you like your job, whether you have a good relationship with your parents and children, whether you’re depressed or happy.(他们中的大多数写的是照顾我们身体的方法；降低胆固醇，减肥，锻炼，戒烟，注意血压。虽然这些都很重要，但还有更多需要考虑的因素。同样重要的是，你有多喜欢你的工作，你与父母和孩子的关系是否良好，你是抑郁还是快乐)”可推知，对于长寿来说，我们的精神状态和身体状况一样重要。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Or perhaps the circles of wellness interacted in a positive way: A peaceful walk on the beach calmed your mind, relaxed your body, gave you physical exercise, helped you sleep better, and made you more pleasant to be around, and so on.(或者健康的圈子以一种积极的方式相互作用：在海滩上平静地散步，让你平静下来，放松你的身体，让你锻炼身体，帮助你睡得更好，让你更愉快，等等)”可知，C选项“在海滩上安静地散步放松你的身体，帮助你睡得更好”是文章给出的例子，以显示健康圈的积极互动。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第二段“Overall good health is composed of five unique circles of wellness: the physical, the mental, the family and the social, the spiritual, and the material. The five circles of wellness interlock and interact.(全面的健康由五个独特的健康圈组成：身体健康、精神健康、家庭和社会健康、精神健康和物质健康。这五个健康圈相互联系、相互作用)” 可知这五种健康之环相互重叠、互相作用。故B选项的图最能说明这五个圆之间的关系。故选B。 Passage 2 【2025年上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学下学期期末考试英语试题】 The Rise of the 0.5 Selfie Julia Herzig, a 22-year-old from Larchmont, N.Y., has “an obsession.” It’s with taking a new kind of selfie—one that doesn’t exactly look normal. In some of these selfies, Ms. Herzig’s forehead bulges across half of the frame. Her eyes are half disks, peering up at something beyond the camera. Her nose juts out. Her mouth is invisible. These images are best when they build “weird, creepy atmospheres,” she said. Wherever Gen Z gathers these days, a 0.5 selfie is almost bound to be taken. The 0.5 selfies are showing up on Instagram, spreading in group chats, becoming the talk of parties and often being snapped to record the trivial details of daily life. Unlike a traditional selfie, which people can endlessly prepare and pose for, the 0.5 selfie—so named because users tap 0.5x on a smartphone camera to switch to ultra-wide mode—has become popular because it is far from pre-designed. Since the ultra-wide-angle lens is built into the back cameras of phones, people can’t watch themselves take a 0.5 selfie, creating random images that convey the fanciful ideas of distortion (歪曲). Because of the wide angle, subjects closer to a lens seem larger, while those farther away seem smaller. That shift twists subjects in a way that is welcome in, for example, architectural photography but traditionally discouraged in portraiture. “Wide angle for portrait shoots was always really different because it just made it more distorted,” said Alessandro Uribe-Rheinbolt, 23, a Colombian photographer based in Detroit. Mr. Uribe-Rheinbolt said he had recently brought the wide angle from his portrait work —where clients have asked for the look of a 0.5 selfie — to his personal life, using it to capture his friends, his outfits and his daily routine. “It does give it a more casual look,” he said. “There’s a lot more creativity with the way you angle and the way that you put it closer.” An unedited 0.5 selfie is more organically playful than a front-facing selfie. Posting the selfies on Instagram, where limbs are noodly or eyes are buggy, is meant to be silly, making it seem like the photographers take themselves— and social media—less seriously. “Something about it breaks the fourth wall because you’re acknowledging that you’re taking a picture for the sake of taking a picture,” said Hannah Kaplon, 22, from Sacramento. “It’s trying to make Instagram casual again.” 1．Which of the following photos CANNOT be counted as 0.5 selfie? A． B． C． D． 2．Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about 0.5 selfie? A．The invention of ultra-wide-angle lens gave birth to 0.5 selfie. B．The way 0.5 selfies are taken is unpopular in architectural photography C．People can take some time to prepare and pose for 0.5 selfie in advance. D．It is impossible for photographers to include everyone present in a 0.5 selfie. 3．What does the underlined “breaks the fourth wall” probably mean in the last paragraph? A．is mistakenly against the rules of taking pictures. B．makes it difficult to please the viewers deliberately C．shows casualness without caring too much about purpose D．seeks creativity by completely ignoring common knowledge 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。0.5自拍是指用户在智能手机相机上轻按0.5倍切换到超广角模式，由于超广角镜头内置在手机的后置摄像头中，人们无法看到，从而产生随机的图像，传达出扭曲的奇妙想法的自拍模式，这种形式的自拍受到了极大的欢迎。 1．细节理解题。根据第四段“Unlike a traditional selfie, which people can endlessly prepare and pose for, the 0.5 selfie—so named because users tap 0.5x on a smartphone camera to switch to ultra-wide mode—has become popular because it is far from pre-designed. Since the ultra-wide-angle lens is built into the back cameras of phones, people can’t watch themselves take a 0.5 selfie, creating random images that convey the fanciful ideas of distortion (歪曲).(与人们可以无休止地准备和摆姿势的传统自拍不同，0.5自拍之所以如此命名，是因为用户在智能手机相机上轻按0.5倍就可以切换到超广角模式。它之所以流行，是因为它远非预先设计的。由于超广角镜头内置在手机的后置摄像头中，人们无法看到自己拍摄0.5倍的自拍，从而产生随机的图像，传达出扭曲的奇妙想法。)”可知，0.5倍的自拍，产生的是随机的图像，传达出扭曲的奇妙想法。A、C、D三个选项不是摆拍的都是随机的图像。选项B是摆拍，不能被看做是0.5倍自拍。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段“Since the ultra-wide-angle lens is built into the back cameras of phones, people can’t watch themselves take a 0.5 selfie, creating random images that convey the fanciful ideas of distortion (歪曲).(由于超广角镜头内置在手机的后置摄像头中，人们无法看到自己拍摄0.5倍的自拍，从而产生随机的图像，传达出扭曲的奇妙想法。)”可知，因为后置摄像头有超广角镜头才能拍摄出0.5倍的自拍，可以推断出超广角镜头的发明催生了0.5自拍。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“‘Something about it breaks the fourth wall because you’re acknowledging that you’re taking a picture for the sake of taking a picture,’ said Hannah Kaplon, 22, from Sacramento. ‘It’s trying to make Instagram casual again.’（来自萨克拉门托、22 岁的汉娜·卡普隆 (Hannah Kaplon) 说道:“它的某些特点打破了第四面墙，因为通过这样的照片，就意味着你承认自己只是为了拍照而拍照)”可知，第四面墙是摆拍，打破第四面墙就是随意不可以为了拍照而摆拍。以及第二句“It’s trying to make Instagram casual again.(它试图让Instagram再次变得随意。)”可知，breaks the fourth wall意为“表现出漫不经心而不太在意目的”。故选C。 Passage 3 【2024上海浦东新区高三第二学期高三英语练习卷】 More and more online shopping platforms now offer consumers a detailed look into products’ historical prices. But how does this information influence buying decisions? To explore this question, we conducted a series of experiments with a total of more than 5,000 business school students and working adults. We measured the impact of different kinds of price shifts on people’s interest in purchasing products and identified several consistent trends: First, when consumers saw that the price today was lower than it had been in the past, they were more likely to buy now, because the current price seemed like a good deal. However, the picture gets more complicated when you consider the frequency of historical price shifts: In our studies, we found that if consumers were shown at least three changes in the same direction, they were likely to assume the price would continue to move in the same direction. While if they were only shown one or two changes in the same direction, they expected the price to change in the opposite direction. So what does this mean for sellers? It may be tempting to slowly lower the price over time. However, our data shows that this can lead consumers to assume that the price will continue to fall, making them hesitant to buy. But if they just see a single price drop, they ‘re more likely to expect a reversal in the near future, pushing them to buy the product now. Our findings can also help buyers make more informed decisions about whether and when they choose to make a purchase. As with any irrational bias (非理性的偏见), awareness of the natural tendency to expect trends to continue and single large changes to reverse can help consumers question this assumption before acting on it. Instead of letting this arbitrary (武断的) expectation guide buying decisions, consumers may benefit by doing a bit more research around the underlying factors driving price shifts. Buyers may also benefit from learning more about a product’s longer-term price history, fluctuations (波动), and typical industry-wide price ranges, to avoid being disproportionately influenced by near-term price changes. It’s also always a good idea to think about both how urgent your need for a given product is, and your own risk tolerance for a potential price increase, as this can affect whether it’s worth it for you to wait and see if the price falls. Of course, there are countless factors that influence both consumers’ decisions around whether and when to buy and sellers’ decisions around how to price their products. But it’s important for both sides to recognize the key role that expectations play in influencing these decisions. 1．Which of the following is true about the experiment? A．It proves that people’s interest in the product drives the purchasing behavior. B．E-commerce platforms turn to it to connect with customers and boost sales. C．It’s designed to figure out the purchasing decision process based on pricing. D．Business school students make up the whole control group for comparison. 2．Which of the following price trends might tempt consumers to buy on May 8th? A． B． C． D． 3．Consumers are advised to . A．decide on the assumptions that long-term price trend will continue B．research longer-term price history, price ranges and hidden factors C．put off the purchase for better deals because of the unsustainable market D．cooperate with sellers while putting aside the personal risk and urgency 4．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．How do price changes influence buying decisions? B．Why should products’ historical prices be shown? C．When is the best time for consumers to purchase? D．What do businesses need to price their products? 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，该研究分析了网上购物平台所提供的产品历史价格的详细信息是如何影响消费者购买决策的。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“More and more online shopping platforms now offer consumers a detailed look into products’ historical prices. But how does this information influence buying decisions? (现在，越来越多的网上购物平台为消费者提供了产品历史价格的详细信息。但是这些信息是如何影响购买决策的呢？)”和第二段“To explore this question, we conducted a series of experiments with a total of more than 5,000 business school students and working adults. We measured the impact of different kinds of price shifts on people’s interest in purchasing products and identified several consistent trends(为了探索这个问题，我们对5000多名商学院学生和在职成年人进行了一系列实验。我们测量了不同种类的价格变化对人们购买产品兴趣的影响，并确定了几个一致的趋势)”可知，该实验设计是为了弄清楚消费者基于价格的购买决策过程。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“However, the picture gets more complicated when you consider the frequency of historical price shifts: In our studies, we found that if consumers were shown at least three changes in the same direction, they were likely to assume the price would continue to move in the same direction. While if they were only shown one or two changes in the same direction, they expected the price to change in the opposite direction.(然而，当你考虑到历史价格变动的频率时，情况就变得更加复杂了：在我们的研究中，我们发现，如果消费者看到至少三次相同方向的变化，他们很可能会认为价格将继续朝着同一方向移动。而如果他们只看到一个或两个相同方向的变化，他们预计价格会朝着相反的方向变化。)”以及第五段“But if they just see a single price drop, they ‘re more likely to expect a reversal in the near future, pushing them to buy the product now.(但如果他们只看到一次价格下跌，他们更有可能预计价格在不久的将来会逆转，这促使他们现在购买该产品。)”可知，想要让消费者在5月8日购买某产品，那么卖家在那之前最好只有一次价格下跌。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第六段“Instead of letting this arbitrary (武断的) expectation guide buying decisions, consumers may benefit by doing a bit more research around the underlying factors driving price shifts. Buyers may also benefit from learning more about a product’s longer-term price history, fluctuations (波动), and typical industry-wide price ranges, to avoid being disproportionately influenced by near-term price changes. It’s also always a good idea to think about both how urgent your need for a given product is, and your own risk tolerance for a potential price increase, as this can affect whether it’s worth it for you to wait and see if the price falls.(与其让这种武断的预期指导购买决定，消费者还不如多研究一下驱动价格变化的潜在因素。买家也可以从更多地了解产品的长期价格历史、波动和典型的全行业价格范围中受益，以避免受到近期价格变化的不成比例的影响。考虑你对特定产品的需求有多迫切，以及你自己对潜在价格上涨的风险承受能力也是一个好主意，因为这可能会影响到你是否值得等待，看看价格是否会下降。)”可知，文章建议消费者在购买之前最好能研究产品的长期价格历史、价格区间以及驱动价格变化的潜在因素等。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“More and more online shopping platforms now offer consumers a detailed look into products’ historical prices. But how does this information influence buying decisions? (现在越来越多的网上购物平台为消费者提供产品历史价格的详细信息。但是这些信息是如何影响购买决策的呢？)”以及第二段“To explore this question, we conducted a series of experiments with a total of more than 5,000 business school students and working adults. We measured the impact of different kinds of price shifts on people’s interest in purchasing products and identified several consistent trends(为了探索这个问题，我们对5000多名商学院学生和在职成年人进行了一系列实验。我们测量了不同种类的价格变化对人们购买产品兴趣的影响，并确定了几个一致的趋势)”可知，文章主要分析了价格的变化是如何影响消费者购买决策的。故选A。 Passage 4 【2025届上海市高三下学期2月联考调研英语试题】 A well-designed PowerPoint presentation can help communicate your ideas effectively and engage your audience. To avoid creating text-heavy slides that bore your audience, follow these essential 4 sorts of tips compiled from PowerPoint expert Ferry Pereboom. 1. Text Tips: Keep Text Short: Stick to the 5×5 rule — no more than 5 lines with 5 words per line. Choose Readable Fonts: Use classic, easy-to-read fonts like Calibri or Helvetica. Font Size: Set headers to 20pt and body text to 18pt for better legibility .2. Design Tips: Increase Contrast: Make text easy to read by using high contrast, such as dark text on a light background. Use Colors Wisely: Choose colors based on your audience — bright colors for informal presentations and subdued (柔和的) tones for professional settings. PowerPoint Shapes: Replace bullet points with shapes to make your message clearer and visually appealing. Select Relevant Visuals: Use high-quality images that support your message and maintain consistency. Mock-ups Over Screenshots: Use device mock-ups instead of screenshots for a more polished look. Visualize Data: Use graphs, charts, and SmartArt to represent data clearly. Simplify Tables: Avoid clutter in tables by removing unnecessary borders and colors. Industry Templates (模版): Use industry-specific templates to make your slides more relevant. 3. ____________: Minimize Transitions: Use simple transitions, like fade, to keep the focus on your content. Presenter View: Use Presenter View to monitor time, slides, and notes. Provide an Outline: Start with a welcome slide, followed by a menu slide and a summary slide to help your audience follow along. 4. Hardware Tips: Back Up Your Presentation: Save your slides in multiple formats (e.g., PDF or Google Slides) to prevent technical issues. By applying these tips, you can create a PowerPoint that is engaging, clear, and professional, ensuring your message is communicated effectively. 1．Which of the following phrases can best fill in the blank? A．Standardization Tips B．Orientation Tips C．Limitation Tips D．Easy-to-Read Tips 2．According to the passage, which of the following may upset the audience’s visual experience during a rather formal meeting? A．Templates customized for the corresponding academic fields. B．Calm and soft background colors combined with texts using high-contrast colors. C．A diagram directly captured from a paper via print screen key on the keyboard. D．Ideas described in an easy form and appropriate number of technical terms. 3．Sheryl is preparing for her annual academic medical outcome presentation. Following is one of her slides. To modify the unproper place(s), she should refer to Sort ________ of tips. A．1 B．2 C．1 and 4 D．1,2, 3 and 4 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，提供了一系列关于如何设计高效、吸引人的PowerPoint演示文稿的技巧，这些技巧分为四个类别：文本技巧、设计技巧、演示技巧和硬件技巧。文章强调了简洁、对比、视觉吸引力以及技术准备的重要性。 【详解】 1．主旨大意题。根据第三部分“Minimize Transitions: Use simple transitions, like fade, to keep the focus on your content. Presenter View: Use Presenter View to monitor time, slides, and notes. Provide an Outline: Start with a welcome slide, followed by a menu slide and a summary slide to help your audience follow along. (减少过渡动画：使用简单的过渡效果（如淡入淡出）以保持观众对内容的关注。使用演示者视图：利用演示者视图来监控时间、幻灯片和笔记。提供大纲：以欢迎页开始，随后是目录页和总结页，帮助观众更好地跟随演示内容)”可知，这些技巧主要涉及演示过程中的操作和设置，帮助演讲者更好地引导观众。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二部分“Use Colors Wisely: Choose colors based on your audience — bright colors for informal presentations and subdued (柔和的) tones for professional settings. (明智地选择颜色：根据观众选择颜色——非正式演讲使用鲜艳的颜色，专业场合则使用柔和的色调)”可知，在正式会议中，应使用柔和的色调而非明亮的颜色。此外，“Mock-ups Over Screenshots: Use device mock-ups instead of screenshots for a more polished look. (使用设备模型代替截图：为了使外观更加精致，建议使用设备模型而不是直接的截图)”可知，这可能会显得不专业，影响观众的视觉体验。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第一部分的“Text Tips (文本建议)”可知，建议保持文本简洁（5×5规则）、选择易读字体（如Calibri或Helvetica）以及设置合适的字号（标题20pt，正文18pt）。这些技巧直接关联到文本的可读性和视觉效果。因此，Sheryl在准备年度学术医疗成果展示时，应参考第一部分的文本技巧来修改幻灯片中的不当之处。故选A。 Passage 5 【上海市进才中学2024-2025学年下学期期末考试英语试题】 If five-year-olds could read academic research reports, they might be alarmed by what they would find in a recent one from the Stanford Center on Longevity. The report opened with a bit of promising news: “In the United States, demographers (人口统计学家) predict that as many as half of today’s five-year-olds can expect to live to the age of 100.” But that was followed, several pages down, by a haunting prediction: “Over the course of 100-year lives, we can expect to work for 60 years or more.” In the United States, the average retirement age is 62. For most people, 40 or so years of work is more than enough, so the idea of an additional 20 is depressing. Perhaps that’s because we are imagining 60 years of work as it is for many people today: inflexible, all-consuming, poorly matched to the rhythms of life. For the sake of the five-year-olds, we should redesign work. “We work increasingly harder through the years when we’re having children,” said Laura Carstensen, director of the Stanford Center on Longevity. Work and family responsibilities both commonly peak in mid-adulthood. They can be really stressful, especially for women, who primarily bear the heavy burden of childcare. To address this, Carstensen proposes allowing workers to scale their hours up or down throughout their careers, based on their responsibilities outside of paid work. She imagines two parents being able to temporarily reduce their full-time jobs to 20 hours a week when caring for their young children, and then gradually increasing their working hours later on. Under this model, people would work the same amount overall as they do now, but spread work out over more years of their lives. Moreover, working less during life’s “peak periods” would allow people to spend more time on their hobbies and with their friends. This could help avoid exhaustion. At some point in their 20s or 30s, many workers enter a season of life when jobs and families “steal” time from friendships. Temporarily reducing workloads could mitigate (缓和) that shift and allow people to live more varied lives. This vision makes a 60-year career feel manageable, but there are significant barriers to redesigning work in this way. “When we started having dual-earner households, that translated into people buying more stuff,” said Louis Hyman, a historian at Cornell University. So when people stay healthier for longer, it is unlikely that they will be able to opt out of working more. That said, retirement as we know it is a relatively new invention. Until the late 19th century, people typically worked until they were no longer physically able to. What has changed between then and now is that retirement became financially feasible. People’s incomes rose as productivity increased. And in the 1930s, the U. S. government started distributing Social Security payments to support people in their old age. It might be difficult to imagine a more humane style of work becoming the new norm. However, the world we are living in now would have been just as hard to imagine for our ancestors who-practically worked up until the moment they died. 1．What’s the main problem with today’s working career for most people? A．They may have to work full-time for as long as 60 years. B．They feel tired of having to engage in various social activities. C．They find it hard to be promoted when they have children. D．They struggle to balance their work and family commitments in middle age. 2．Which of the following chart might Laura Carstensen agree with about future career? A． B． C． D． 3．What might prevent people from retiring from work in the future? A．Unexpected health problems. B．The increasing desire for consumption. C．The busy schedule of parents. D．The Social Security payment. 4．What can be inferred form the last two paragraphs? A．Retirement is an idea that dates back to the Industrial Revolution. B．Retirement wouldn’t have become possible without economic progress. C．It was impossible for our ancestors to build up savings by doing a full-time job. D．Our ancestors worked until their death because of their poor working conditions. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要探讨了斯坦福长寿中心的一份研究报告，该报告指出如今的五岁儿童可能要工作60年甚至更久，这一现象引发了人们对工作与生活平衡的思考。文中还介绍了劳拉·卡斯滕森提出的弹性工作模式，以及未来人们可能难以退休的原因和退休制度的演变。 【详解】 1．细节理解题。根据第三段““We work increasingly harder through the years when we’re having children,” said Laura Carstensen, director of the Stanford Center on Longevity. Work and family responsibilities both commonly peak in mid-adulthood. They can be really stressful, especially for women, who primarily bear the heavy burden of childcare. (斯坦福长寿中心主任劳拉·卡斯滕森说：“在生孩子的那几年里，我们的工作越来越辛苦。”工作和家庭责任通常都在中年达到顶峰。他们可能会感到压力很大，尤其是对女性来说，她们主要承担着照顾孩子的重担。)”可知，对于大多数人来说，如今职业生涯的主要问题在于他们在中年时难以平衡工作和家庭责任。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段“To address this, Carstensen proposes allowing workers to scale their hours up or down throughout their careers, based on their responsibilities outside of paid work. She imagines two parents being able to temporarily reduce their full-time jobs to 20 hours a week when caring for their young children, and then gradually increasing their working hours later on. Under this model, people would work the same amount overall as they do now, but spread work out over more years of their lives. (为了解决这个问题，卡斯滕森建议允许员工根据有偿工作以外的责任，在整个职业生涯中增加或减少工作时间。她想象着两位父母在照顾年幼的孩子时，能够暂时将全职工作减少到每周20小时，然后在晚些时候逐渐增加工作时间。在这种模式下，人们的工作总量将与现在相同，但工作将分散在他们生命的更多年份中。)”可知，未来职业模式应是人们根据非工作责任灵活调整工作时间，整体工作总量不变但分散到更多年份，C项图表符合这种工作模式，即工作时长随人生阶段灵活变化，整体工作总量稳定。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第六段中““When we started having dual-earner households, that translated into people buying more stuff,” said Louis Hyman, a historian at Cornell University. So when people stay healthier for longer, it is unlikely that they will be able to opt out of working more. (康奈尔大学的历史学家路易斯·海曼说：“当我们开始出现双职工家庭时，这就意味着人们会购买更多的东西。”因此，当人们的健康状况保持得更久时，他们不太可能选择减少工作。)”可知，人们消费欲望的增加可能会阻止人们未来退休。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“That said, retirement as we know it is a relatively new invention. Until the late 19th century, people typically worked until they were no longer physically able to. What has changed between then and now is that retirement became financially feasible. People’s incomes rose as productivity increased. And in the 1930s, the U. S. government started distributing Social Security payments to support people in their old age. (话虽如此，我们所知道的退休是一个相对较新的发明。直到19世纪后期，人们通常会一直工作到身体无法承受为止。从那时到现在发生变化的是，退休在经济上变得可行了。随着生产率的提高，人们的收入增加了。20世纪30年代，美国政府开始发放社会保障金，以支持老年人的生活。)”可知，没有经济的进步，退休就不可能实现。故选B项。 20 / 20网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $