第05讲（译林版选择性必修第二册）单词、短语、重点易考单词变形+词义辨析（复习讲义）（全国通用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

该高中英语高考复习讲义聚焦选择性必修第二册四个单元核心词汇与阅读词汇，按“考情透视-知识导图-考点突破-真题练习”逻辑架构，通过核心词汇变形与拼写、阅读词汇词义与短语辨析等模块，结合考点梳理、方法指导和真题训练，帮助学生系统构建词汇网络，突破词义辨析、词性转换等难点。 资料以高考真题考情为导向，创新采用“词形-词义-语境”三维训练法，如通过“critical-critic-criticism”词性转换链结合2023年真题例句设计练习，培养学生语言能力与思维品质。设置分层练习与真题实战，确保高效复习，为教师提供精准考点分析与节奏把控指导，助力提升学生应考能力。

第05讲 选择性必修第二册 词汇考点 目录 2 8 9 考点一 unit 1~unit 4 核心词汇 12 知识点1 核心单词知变形 12 知识点2　核心单词知拼写 21 考点二 unit 1~unit 4 阅读词汇 26 知识点1 阅读单词知词义 26 知识点2 核心短语知辨析 29 33 一、 真题实战 35 二、 命题演练 38 单元 核心词汇 阅读词汇 Unit 1 The mass media critical, trap, release, extend, construction, minor, automatic, investigate, journalist, priority, contradict, instance, differ, conclusion, false, minimum, maximum, sum, accurate, committed, discrimination, curiosity, journalism, citizen, found, politics, accuse, tax, mount, elevation, profession, drama, scholar, category, nevertheless, witness, edition, platform, interaction, membership, chart, broadcast, advertising, persuasion, persuade, advertisement, channel, peak, advertise, boost, psychology, purchase, memorable, slogan, brand, ambassador, placement, rating, sponsor, absorb, discount, tailor, housing, estate, amuse factual, extension, construction, automatic, contradictory, difference, commitment, curious, profession, scholar, broadcast, psychology, memorable, ambassador, absorb, discount Unit 2 Sports culture solidarity, participate, compete, racial, diverse, joint, motivate, motto, boundary, demonstrate, afterwards, proceed, flame, applaud, consistent, humanity, rank, trend, hurdle, selection, advent, faith, ambition, ascend, identical, fellow, relay, chest, cheek, amateur, ankle, gradually, session, limit, marathon, chairman, constitution, pour, celebrity, opponent, humility, grace, dignity, unselfish, idiom, league, opposing, net, insurance, salesman, complain, council, venue, handle, fist, waist, cruel, remark, towel, iron BCE, unintentionally, literally, faithful, ambitious, graduate, limitation, unlimited, oppose, selfish, complaint, intentional, intention, remarkable, literacy Unit 3 Fit for life surgeon, physician, chemist, dentist, specialize, gene, genome, cell, being, lifespan, affect, contract, virus, cancer, identify, relate, means, delete, restore, ultimately, abnormal, weapon, fundamental, pace, arise, restrict, prohibit game-changing, resistance, flu, characteristic, wrestle, debate, finding, ripe, withdraw, equip, artificial, limb, rubber, outgoing, grateful, disabled, conventional, leather, sensory, patent, fuel, disturb, tackle, adjust, centimeter, acupuncture, needle, evidence, solid, switch, stainless, steel, millimeter, clinic, examine, tongue, pulse, wrist, organ, severe, anxiety, abuse, alcohol, drug, tobacco, phenomenon, substance, widespread, bandage, infection, symbol Unit 4 Living with technology breakthrough, greedy, alternative, decrease, deny, quantity, spy, monitor, highlight, bury, practical, engage, optimistic, envy, input, capacity, massive, network, coin, autonomous, domestic, crime, pose, apparently, database, licence, contemporary, barrier, globe, analyse, finance, threaten, urge, legal castle, dispute, nomadic, law-abiding, abreast, drone, gender, hacker, fail-safe, immersive, clone, muscular, justified, headset, sensor, pub, state-of-the-art, distribution, airline, threat, illegal, stadium, fountain, recognition, warning, demand, detective, enforceable, governing, punishment, diverse, originate, sophisticated, abolish, amend, bullying, legislature, strive, conceivable, browse, impulse, penalty Unit ：1 The mass media 核心词汇考情： investigate：2025年全国新高考I卷完形填空第4题考查词义辨析，选项中出现investigated。完形中常与recognized（认出）、encountered（遇到）、recommended（推荐）等词形成辨析。表“调查、研究”，阅读中高频出现在调查、研究类话题。语法填空常考investigation（名词）及investigator（调查者）词性转换。 critical：2023年全国卷阅读理解中考查critical thinking。高考常考两种含义：一是“批判性的”（如critical thinking，2023年新高考I卷阅读C篇），二是“至关重要的、决定性的”（be critical to）。阅读中常与crucial、vital形成同义替换。完形填空中常作为态度题选项词出现。 release：高考真题中多次考查。2024年全国甲卷阅读理解中考查 “release the pain” 。表“释放、发布”，阅读中常出现在新闻媒体（release a statement/report）、药物缓解（release pain）等语境。语法填空常考released作过去分词或定语。 broadcast：2023年全国卷阅读理解（记叙文）中考查——作者成为学校广播员（school broadcaster）和广播记者（broadcast journalist）。语法填空考查被动语态 “be broadcast live” 。表“广播、播出”，新闻媒体类话题高频词。 psychology：2025年全国新高考II卷听力第4题考查——问男士的专业 “What is the man's major? A. Psychology.” 。阅读中常出现在心理研究类话题，表“心理学”。 accurate：2023年新课标全国I卷阅读理解（说明文）中出现。表“准确的、精确的”，阅读中常考查词义理解，与exact、precise形成同义替换。语法填空常考accuracy（名词）及accurately（副词）词性转换。 priority：高考真题中多次考查搭配 give priority to。完形中常与perspective（视角）、participation（参与）、privilege（特权）等词辨析。表“优先事项、优先权”，写作中常用于表达观点。 阅读词汇考情 appetite：2026年全国新高考I卷阅读B篇考查熟词生义——“the curiosity and the appetite”，本义为“食欲、胃口”，文中引申为“求知欲、渴望”。属于典型的“熟词生义”考点，考生需根据语境判断。 plain：2026年全国新高考I卷阅读C篇考查熟词生义—— “provide wildlife habitat along with just plain beauty” ，本义为“平原”，文中考查“纯粹的、简简单单的”。属于典型的“熟词生义”考点，考生需根据语境判断。 absorb：2026年全国新高考I卷阅读C篇考查—— “absorb carbon” 。表“吸收”，熟词生义可考“理解、消化”。语法填空常考absorbed（全神贯注的）及be absorbed in搭配。 concept：阅读高频词，表“概念”，在科技、文化类阅读中高频出现。语法填空常考conception（概念、观念）词性转换。2026年全国新高考II卷阅读C篇考查concept → conception词性转换。 preserve：2020年新高考II卷（海南卷）阅读理解中考查—— “People are now working to preserve the Everglades National Park for the future” 。环保与文化保护类话题核心动词，常与protect / conserve辨析考查。 generate：2026年全国新高考II卷阅读D篇考查派生词—— generate → regenerative。环保与能源类话题高频词，表“产生、生成”，常与energy / electricity / waste等搭配。语法填空常考generation / regenerative等派生形式。 命题趋势： 2026年全国新高考I卷阅读B篇和C篇集中考查了appetite（食欲→求知欲）、plain（平原→纯粹的）等熟词生义；2026年全国新高考II卷阅读D篇考查generate → regenerative词性转换；2020年新高考II卷（海南卷）考查preserve。建议在教学中重点强化熟词生义的语境推断训练，以及generate/generation/regenerative、accurate/accuracy等词性转换的专项练习。 Unit 2 Sports culture 核心词汇考情： participate：2024年北京卷语法填空考查 —— “Signing up for the programme does not automatically mean that you will be able to register and ______ (参加)” 。2022年新高考I卷完形中也考查了 “participated to the best of his ability” 。常考participate in搭配及participation/ participant词性转换。 motivate：2023年全国甲卷阅读中出现 motivated。2023年浙江1月卷考查非谓语动词motivated。完形中常与overcome、delay、shoulder等动词辨析。表“激励、激发”，常考motivated作形容词或过去分词，与demotivated形成对比。 compete：体育文化类话题核心动词。常考名词competition、competitor及形容词competitive。阅读中出现在体育赛事、商业竞争等语境。完形中常与participate形成同义替换。 demonstrate：阅读中常考词义理解，表“展示、证明、示威”。语法填空常考demonstration（名词）词性转换。完形中可与show、display、prove等词辨析。 consistent：高考阅读中常考查词义，表“一致的、始终如一的”。常考搭配 be consistent with（与……一致），与contradictory形成反义对比。语法填空常考consistency（名词）词性转换。 ambition：高考真题中多次考查。2018年浙江卷阅读中考查—— “what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck” 。表“雄心、抱负”，常考ambitious形容词词性转换。完形中可与goal、aspiration形成同义替换。 handle：高考阅读和完形中高频考查熟词生义。2021年全国乙卷 “If there is anything I feel I cannot handle, I'll call you.” 。2022年全国甲卷 “The way you handle chopsticks is important” 。名词表“把手”，动词表“处理、应付”。完形中可与deal with、cope with形成同义替换 阅读词汇考情： faithful：阅读中常出现在忠诚类话题，表“忠实的、忠诚的”。常考名词faith（信仰、信念）。完形中可与loyal、devoted形成同义替换。 gradually：阅读中常考副词词义，表“逐渐地”。常与slowly、step by step形成同义替换。语法填空考查副词位置。 limitation / unlimited：阅读中常出现在能力、资源限制类话题。limitation表“限制、局限”，unlimited表“无限的”。常考limit词性转换及派生词。 intention：2025年全国新高考I卷七选五中考查 intention。阅读中常考词义，表“意图”。常与purpose形成同义替换，与unintentional（无意的）形成反义对比。 inspire：2025年全国新高考I卷语法填空中考查 inspire。艺术、文化类话题高频动词，常考inspired（受启发的）作后置定语。表“赋予灵感、受到启发”，而非“激励”。 originate：2025年全国新高考I卷语法填空中考查 originate。阅读中常考搭配originate from（起源于、来自）。语法填空常考origin（名词）及original（形容词）词性转换。 命题趋势： 体育精神与个人成长是2020—2026年高考英语的重要考查方向。2024年北京卷考查participate；2023年全国甲卷阅读考查motivated；2023年浙江1月卷考查motivated；2025年全国新高考I卷七选五考查intention，语法填空考查inspire和originate。建议在教学中重点强化participate/participation、motivate/motivation、compete/competition/competitive等词性转换的专项练习。 Unit 3：Fit for life 核心词汇考情： surgeon：2023年全国乙卷阅读理解A篇（人物传记）中考查—— “She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, then joined the British Army.” 。阅读中需识别其职业含义，与physician（内科医生）形成区分。 physician：2023年全国乙卷阅读理解A篇中考查—— “Tan Yunxian was a Chinese physician” 。同篇阅读中多次出现，要求考生在语境中理解“医生、内科医师”的词义。 affect：高考完形和阅读中绝对高频词，表“影响”。常考名词effect及搭配have an effect on。完形中常与effect、influence形成词义辨析（affect为动词，effect为名词）。2024年北京卷语法填空考查 “As I was affected by the show” ，考查被动语态，表“被打动、被感染”。 identify：阅读中常考词义，表“识别、确认、鉴定”。语法填空常考identification（名词）及identity（身份）词性转换。完形中可与recognize、distinguish形成同义替换。 restrict：2018年天津卷阅读理解C篇考查—— “the Environmental Protection Agency restricted the type and amount of lead” 。阅读中常出现在环境、法律类话题，表“限制、约束”。常考搭配restrict...to...，与limit/ confine形成同义替换。 prohibit：高考真题中多次考查。语法填空常考prohibited（过去分词作表语/定语）及prohibition（名词）词性转换。完形中常与ban/ forbid形成同义替换，与permit/ allow形成反义对比。 fundamental： 2018年全国卷I七选五中考查—— “Color is fundamental in home design” 。阅读中常考词义，表“基本的、根本的”。常考搭配be fundamental to（对……至关重要） 阅读词汇考情： characteristic：2022年全国乙卷阅读理解中考查—— “Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact” 。表“特点、特征”，阅读中常与feature/ trait/ quality形成同义替换。 conventional：阅读中常考词义，表“传统的、常规的”。常与traditional形成同义替换，与innovative/ modern形成反义对比。 artificial：阅读中常考词义，表“人造的、人工的”。常出现在科技、AI类话题，与natural形成反义对比。常考搭配artificial intelligence（人工智能）。 severe：高考阅读中常考词义，表“严重的、严厉的”。常与serious形成同义替换。语法填空常考severely（副词）词性转换。 anxiety：2022年北京卷阅读理解中考查—— “I was troubled by an anxiety that crippled my ability” 。阅读中常出现在心理健康类话题，表“焦虑、担忧”。常考形容词anxious及搭配be anxious about。 命题趋势： 医疗健康与人物传记是2020—2026年高考英语的重要考查方向。2023年全国乙卷阅读A篇集中考查了surgeon、physician等医疗职业词汇；affect/effect的拼写与词性辨析是语法填空必考高频点；fundamental在2017-2018年真题中反复出现。建议在教学中重点强化：①surgeon与physician的职业区分（外科vs内科）；②restrict/prohibit/ban/forbid等近义动词的辨析；③affect/effect拼写及词性区分。 Unit 4： Living with technology 核心词汇考情： breakthrough：高考真题中多次考查名词词义。语法填空常考搭配 “achieve a major breakthrough in...” 。表“突破、重大进展”，常在科技、医学类阅读中出现。 alternative：2021年天津卷（第二次）单项填空中考查—— “choose a(n) alternative destination in case your first-choice tourist spot is not available” 。阅读中常考词义，表“替代的、可供选择的”。常考搭配alternative to，完形中常与option/ choice形成同义替换。 decrease：2022年全国乙卷阅读B篇中考查—— “sales decreased sharply” 。表“减少、下降”，与increase形成反义对比。语法填空常考decreasing（现在分词）及decreased（过去分词）形式。 capacity：高考阅读理解中高频考查，表“容量、能力”。常出现在数据描述类语篇，常考搭配seating capacity（座位容量）。 domestic：高考阅读中多次出现在“国内/国际对比”语境，表“国内的、家庭的”。常与international/ foreign形成反义对比。常考搭配domestic appliance（家用电器）、domestic flight（国内航班）。 threaten：高考语法填空与完形中多次考查，常考搭配threaten to do sth（威胁做某事）及threaten...with...（以……威胁）。语法填空常考threatened（过去分词/形容词）及threat（名词）词性转换。 urge：2023年新高考I卷语法填空考查 urge。常考搭配urge sb to do sth（敦促某人做某事）及have an urge to do sth（有强烈的欲望做某事）。名词形式urge表“强烈的欲望、冲动”。 legal：高考阅读中常考词义，表“合法的、法律的”，与illegal形成反义对比。常考搭配legal basis（法律依据）、legal system（法律体系）。语法填空常考legally（副词）及illegal（反义词）词性转换。 阅读词汇考情： contemporary：2020年全国卷II阅读理解中考查—— “contemporary art and family fun are brought together” 。表“当代的、现代的”，常与modern/ current形成同义替换。 abstract：2022年新高考I卷阅读理解中考查—— “abstract cognitive processes” 及 “abstract thinking” 。表“抽象的”，与concrete形成反义对比。阅读中常出现在艺术欣赏、认知科学类话题。 exhibition：2022年全国乙卷阅读理解A篇中考查—— “The Exhibition This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces” 。艺术、文化类阅读高频词，表“展览、展览会”。 opponent：2025年全国新高考I卷语法填空中考查—— “A decent winner always tries to beat the opponent by no more than one or two points” 。体育竞技类话题核心名词，阅读中常与rival/ competitor形成同义替换。 命题趋势： 科技与艺术、法律社会是2020—2026年高考英语的重要考查方向。2022年全国乙卷阅读A篇考查exhibition；2025年全国新高考I卷语法填空集中考查opponent、exhibition、contemporary、inspire、originate等词汇；2023年新高考I卷语法填空考查urge。建议在教学中重点强化：①科技类话题词汇（breakthrough/ alternative/ capacity/ domestic）的语境理解；②legal/illegal、origin/originate/original等词性转换及反义对比；③contemporary/modern/current、opponent/rival/competitor等阅读同义替换词组的积累 考点一 unit 1-unit 4 核心词汇 知识点1 核心单词知变形 【高考导航】 1.  (2022·新高考Ⅱ卷·阅读理解B) We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. 我们记者生活在一个叙事的新时代，拥有许多新的多媒体工具。 2. (2023·全国卷·阅读理解) I drew on the confidence I had gained from my years as a school broadcaster and from my success in selling myself as a broadcast journalist in the hopes of selling myself as a television reporter. 我汲取了从多年学校播音员经历中获得的自信，以及成功把自己推销为一名广播记者所积累的信心，希望以此把自己推销为一名电视记者。 3. (2020·新高考II卷·语法填空) Each volume in the set explores a wide range of material, explains the basic concepts of major applications of digital systems, and discusses the influences they have on everyday life. 这套书中的每一卷都探索了广泛的内容，解释了数字系统主要应用的基本概念，并讨论了它们对日常生活的影响。 4. (2024·新高考I卷·完形填空) I’ve been motivated — and demotivated — by other folks‘ achievements all my life. 我一生中都被别人的成就所激励——也曾因此失去动力。 5. (2023·新高考I卷·完形填空) On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. 10月11日，数百名跑者在明尼苏达州参加了一场越野赛。 6. (2024·新高考II卷·语法填空) Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare‘s birthplace. 两年后，一座六米高的亭子——灵感来自《牡丹亭》——在弗斯花园建成，距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程。 7. (2024·北京卷·语法填空) As I was affected by the show, I developed a deep love for Peking Opera.我被这场演出打动，对京剧产生了深深的热爱。 8. (2025·新高考I卷·语法填空) A decent winner always tries to beat the opponent by no more than one or two points. 一位体面的赢家总是试图以不超过一两分的优势击败对手。 Unit 1 1.critical adj.批评的,批判性的;关键的;危急的→critic n.批评家;评论家;评论员→critically adv.批判性地→criticism n.批评,指责→criticize vt.批评,批判 2.extend vi.& vt.延伸(距离);扩大;延长;伸展→extension n.拓展;延伸→extensive adj.广泛的;大量的 3.construction n.建筑,建造;建造物→construct v.建造→constructive adj.有建设性的 4.minor adj.轻微的,次要的→minority n.少数;少数人→[反义词]major adj.主要的;主修的→majority n.大多数;大多数人 5.bath n.洗澡,洗浴;浴缸,浴盆→bathe v.洗澡;给…洗澡 6.investigate vt.& vi.侦查,调查;研究→investigation n.调查 7.journalist n.新闻记者,新闻工作者→journalism n.新闻业,新闻工作→journal n.报纸,期刊 8.priority n.优先事项,首要事情;优先权,重点→prior adj.优先的,较重要的;在前面的;先前的→prioritize v.按优先顺序列出;优先考虑(处理)  9.contradict vt.相矛盾,相反;反驳,驳斥→contradiction n.矛盾;反驳→contradictory adj.相互矛盾的,对立的;不一致的 10.factual adj.事实的,真实的→factually adv.真实地→fact n.事实 11.differ vi.相异;意见相左→different adj.不同的→differently adv.不同地→difference n.不同之处 12.conclusion n.结论,推论;结束,结果;签订,达成→conclude v.推断,得出结论;终止,结束;签订,达成 13.accurate adj.正确无误的;精确的→accurately adv.准确地→accuracy n.精确度,准确性 14.committed adj.尽心尽力的→commitment n.献身,投入;承诺,许诺;花费 15.curiosity n.好奇心,求知欲;奇物,珍品→curious adj.好奇的 16.found vt.创建,创办;建立,兴建→foundation n.创建;基础;基金会 17.politics n.政治,政治事务;(个人的)政治观点,政见→political adj.政治的→politician n.政客 18.accuse vt.谴责,控诉→accusation n.指责,控诉 19.profession n.行业,职业;同行;宣称,声明→professional adj.专业的;职业的n.专业人员 20.drama n.戏剧;戏剧性事件→dramatic adj.戏剧性的;急剧的→dramatically adv.戏剧性地;急剧地 21.advertising n.广告活动,广告业→advertisement n.广告,启事;广告活动,广告宣传→ advertise vt.& vi.做广告,登广告;公布,征聘;展现,宣传 22.persuasion n.说服,劝说;信仰→persuade vt.说服;使信服 23.psychology n.心理,心理特征;心理学→psychological adj.心理的;精神上的→psychologist n.心理学家 24.memorable adj.难忘的,值得纪念的→memory n.记忆力,记性→memorize v.记住,熟记 25.placement n.放置;安置→place v.放置,安放;安置;使(人)处于某位置 26.amuse vt.(提供)消遣;逗笑→amusement n.娱乐,消遣→amusing adj.好玩的,让人发笑的→amused adj.被逗乐的,觉得好笑的 速效练笔 用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. The report was widely ________________ for its lack of evidence, and several leading ________________ wrote harsh ________________. (critical) 2. The deadline will be ________________ by two weeks to allow for more ________________ research, and the ________________ of the project is now under discussion. (extend) 3. The ________________ of the bridge took five years, and the engineers were thanked for their ________________ suggestions. (construct) 4. A small ________________ of students raised ________________ objections, but the ________________ of the class supported the proposal. (minor) 5. The mother ________________ the baby gently before putting him in the warm ________________. (bath) 6. The police have begun an official ________________ into the cause of the fire and will ________________ every possible lead. (investigate) 7. Before becoming a successful ________________, she studied ________________ and wrote for a medical ________________. (journal) 8. Safety must be our top ________________, so we should ________________ this issue over all others and complete the ________________ checks first. (priority) 9. His latest statement ________________ the evidence given earlier, and this obvious ________________ has left the public with ________________ impressions of the case. (contradict) 10. The essay should include only ________________ information, present it ________________, and distinguish ________________ from opinion. (fact) 11. The two theories ________________ greatly, and the main ________________ lies in how they explain the origin of the universe; each scientist also interprets the data ________________. (differ) 12. After reviewing all the evidence, the researchers ________________ that no single cause was responsible, and their ________________ was published yesterday. (conclude) 13. The witness gave an ________________ account of the incident, describing the events ________________ and with remarkable ________________. (accurate) 14. She is deeply ________________ to improving local education, and her ________________ has inspired many volunteers. (commit) 15. Out of ________________, the boy opened the old box, ________________ to discover what was inside. (curious) 16. The university was ________________ in 1898, and its strong academic ________________ has attracted students worldwide. (found) 【答案】1. criticized; critics; criticisms 2. extended; extensive; extension 3. construction; constructive 4. minority; minor; majority 5. bathed; bath 6. investigation; investigate 7. journalist; journalism; journal 8. priority; prioritize; prior 9. contradicts; contradiction; contradictory 10. factual; factually; facts 11. differ; difference; differently 12. concluded; conclusion 13. accurate; accurately; accuracy 14. committed; commitment 15. curiosity; curious 16. founded; foundation Unit 2 1.participate vi.参加,参与→participation n.参加,参与→participant n.参加者,参与者 2.compete vi.参加比赛;竞争→competition n.比赛;竞争→competitor n.竞争者;对手→ competitive adj.有竞争力的 3.racial adj.种族的;种族间的→race n.人种,种族;民族;赛跑,速度竞赛 v.(使)快速移动;参加比赛 4.diverse adj.多种多样的,不同的→diversity n.多样性 5.motivate vt.激励,激发;成为…的动机,是…的原因→motivation n.动力,积极性;动机,原因 6.demonstrate vt.表现,表露;证实,证明;示范,演示 vi.游行示威→demonstration n.展现;示范;证明;游行示威 7.applaud vt.& vi.称赞,赞许;鼓掌→applause n.掌声 8.consistent adj.一致的,始终如一的;连续的→consistently adv.连贯地;坚持地→consistency n.连贯性;一致性→consist vi.由…组成(或构成);在于 9.election n.选举,推选;当选→elect vt.选举;选择→elective adj.选举的;可选择的 10.faith n.信心;宗教信仰→faithful adj.忠诚的;可靠的→faithfully adv.忠诚地;如实地; 虔诚地 11.ambition n.追求的目标,夙愿;野心,雄心,壮志→ambitious adj.有野心的;有抱负的 12.identical adj.完全同样的→identity n.身份;同一性;一致→identically adv.同一地;相等地 13.limit n.限度,限制;限量,限额;界限vt.限制,限定;限量,减量→limited adj.有限的→ limitless adj.无限的→unlimited adj.无限制的;无条件的→limitation n.限制;局限性 14.celebrity n.名人;名望→celebrated adj.著名的 15.grace n.高雅,文雅;优美;风度,体面→graceful adj.优雅的,优美的→gracefully adv.优雅地,雅致地 16.unselfish adj.无私的,忘我的→[同义词] selfless adj.无私的→[反义词] selfish adj.自私的 17.opposing adj.对抗的;相反的→opposed adj.截然不同的;强烈反对的→oppose v.反对;与…对抗 18.insurance n.保险业;保险;保险费→insure vt.为…投保→insurer n.保险公司 19.complain vi.& vt.抱怨,投诉→complaint n.抱怨,牢骚;投诉 20.unintentionally adv.无意地,非故意地→unintentional adj.无意的,非故意的,偶然的→ intentionally adv.有意地,故意地→intentional adj.故意的,有意的,存心的,蓄意的→intention n.意图,目的,计划→intend v.打算;计划 21.cruel adj.刻毒伤人的,残酷的→cruelty n.(尤指蓄意的)残酷;残暴 22.remark n.谈论,言论 vi.& vt.说起,评论→remarkable adj.非凡的;显著的;引人注目的→ remarkably adv.惊人地 23.literally adv.真正地,确实地;按字面,字面上→literal adj.字面的;缺乏想象的;不夸张的→ literacy n.读写能力 速效练笔 用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. Not until the renowned _____________ had spent a decade ___________ this symphony did its intricate ___________ finally gain recognition. (compose) 2. ___________, the seemingly minor incident escalated into a __________ event, turning the whole affair into a real-life ___________ (drama). 3. The abandoned industrial site, ____________ into a vibrant cultural center, has undergone a remarkable ____________ that few had anticipated. (transform) 4. The ___________ of innovative teaching methods with traditional ones, when ____________ with students’ active engagement, has produced surprisingly positive outcomes. (combine) 5. ___________ by breathtaking scenery, the remote village, whose peaceful _____________are largely unspoiled, attracts nature lovers from afar. (surround) 6. The critically acclaimed film was ___________from the bestselling novel, and the screenwriter’s skillful _____________ was praised for remaining faithful while also being highly ____________ (adapt). 7. A lifelong ______________, he firmly believed that the principles of __________ would eventually bring equality to all. (communist) 8. The soldiers, determined to fight in ___________ of their homeland, built a __________ barrier that proved impenetrable. (defend) 9. Upon entering the hall, the distinguished guests were warmly ___________ by the host, whose gracious __________ set a friendly tone for the evening. (greet) 10. Although the job seemed ___________ for her qualifications, she wondered whether the company culture would be __________ to her personality as well. (suit) 11. The band has __________ three albums to date, and their latest ___________, which won multiple awards, has broken all previous sales records. (record) 12. Having grown increasingly ___________ over the years, they now find the emotional __________ between them almost impossible to bridge. (distant) 13. After the grueling climb, she was completely _______ and ________ heavily for several minutes. (breath) 14. He ___________ arrives punctually, but on that particular morning he was ___________late, an ____________ occurrence that sparked concern. (usual) 15. The unexpected resignation of the manager further __________an already ____________ situation, adding yet another ___________to the negotiations. (complicate) 16. Contrary to all ____________, the team delivered an __________ victory, one that nobody had ____________ possible. (expect) 【答案】 1. participants; participate; participation 2. competition; competitors; competitive 3. diversity; diverse; diversity 4. motivated; motivation; motivated 5. demonstrated; demonstrate; demonstration 6. consistent; consistently; consistency 7. faith; faithful; faithfully 8. ambition; ambitious 9. identical; identity; identically 10. limited; limit; limitless/unlimited 11. opposed; opposing; opposed 12. intended; unintentionally; intention 13. remark; remarkably; remarkable 14. literally; literacy; literal 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 Unit 3 1.surgeon n.外科医生→surgery n.外科手术→surgical adj.外科的 2.physician n.医师,内科医生→physical adj.身体的;物理的→physicist n.物理学家 3.chemist n.药剂师,药商;化学家→chemistry n.化学→chemical adj.化学的→chemical(s) n.化学物质 4.specialize (also specialise) vi.专门研究(或从事),专攻→special adj.特殊的;专门的→specially adv.特殊地;专门地→specialist n.专家;专科医生→specialty n.专业,专长;特产 5.affect vt.影响;侵袭,使感染;深深打动→affection n.喜爱,钟爱→affectionate adj.深情的;表达爱意的→effect n.影响;效果 6.identify vt.找到,发现;确认,认出;显示,说明身份;鉴定→identity n.身份→identification n.鉴定;辨认;身份证明→identical adj.完全同样的 7.relate vi.& vt.联系,使有联系;叙述,讲述→related adj.有关系的,相关的→relative n.亲戚→relation n.关系; (事物之间的)关联→relationship n.关系 8.abnormal adj.反常的,畸形的→[反义词]normal adj.正常的 9.restrict vt.限制,限定;束缚,妨碍;约束,管束→restricted adj.有限的;受限的;受约束的→restriction n.限制;约束 10.prohibit vt.(尤指以法令)禁止;使不可能;阻止;不准→prohibition n.(尤指以法令)禁止;禁令 11.resistance n.抵抗力;抵制,反对;抵抗,反抗→resistant adj.对…有抵抗力的;抵制的→resist v.抵制,阻挡→resistible adj.可抵制的→[反义词]irresistible adj.难以抵制的 12.characteristic n.特征,特点;特性 adj.典型的,独特的→character n.特性;性格;人物;文字 13.ripe adj.成熟的;时机成熟的→ripen v.成熟;使成熟→ripeness n.成熟 14.withdraw vi.& vt.(withdrew,withdrawn) 脱离(社会),不与人交往;(使)撤回;(使)退出;停止提供→withdrawal n.撤走;收回;取款 15.equip vt.配备;使有能力→equipment n.装备;设备,器材;配备 16.grateful adj.感激的,表示感谢的→gratitude n.感激;感激之情→ungrateful adj.忘恩负义的;徒劳的→gratefully adv.感激地→ungratefully adv.忘恩负义地 17.disabled adj.有残疾的,丧失能力的→disability n.缺陷,障碍 18.conventional adj.传统的,习惯的;依照惯例的,遵循习俗的→convention n.传统 19.sensory adj.感觉的,感官的→sense n.感官 v.感觉到→sensible adj.理智的,明智的→sensitive adj.敏感的 20.disturb vt.使不安;打扰;搅乱→disturbing adj.令人不安的;引起烦恼的→disturbed adj.感到烦恼的,心烦意乱的→disturbance n.干扰;骚乱;失调,紊乱 21.adjust vt.& vi.调整,调节;适应,习惯;整理→adjustment n.调整;调节;适应→adjustable adj.可调节的 22.evidence n.证据,证明;物证,人证 vt.证明,表明→evident adj.明显的,清楚的→evidently adv.明显地 23.examine vt.检查,检验;审查,调查;考,测试;审问→examination n.考试;审查;检查 24.organ n.器官;风琴;机构,机关→organize vt.组织→organization n.组织 25.severe adj.十分严重的,极为恶劣的;严厉的;艰难的→severely adv.严重地→severity n.严重性 26.anxiety n.焦虑;担心;渴望→anxious adj.焦虑的 27.symbol n.象征;符号,代号→symbolize vt.象征 28.infection n.传染,感染→infect vt.使感染;传染→infectious adj.传染性的;有感染力的 速效练笔 用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. The doctor finally ________________ (identify) the cause of the illness, which had ________________ (affect) the patient's nervous system, and the symptoms were closely ________________ (relate) to stress. 2. Parents often worry that ________________ (normal) behavior may be caused by too many ________________ (restrict) and the ________________ (prohibit) of outdoor activities. 3. The bacteria have become ________________ (resist) to antibiotics, a ________________ (character) that makes treatment difficult; the ________________ (ripe) of new technology offers hope. 4. The sudden ________________ (withdraw) of troops left the base poorly ________________ (equip), and the soldiers expressed their ________________ (grateful) to the villagers. 5. People with ________________ (disabled) often face barriers in ________________ (convention) buildings, which lack proper ________________ (sense) aids such as tactile paving. 6. The ________________ (disturb) noise from the construction site forced her to make a quick ________________ (adjust) to her schedule; it was ________________ (evidence) that she was feeling stressed. 7. After a thorough ________________ (examine), the doctor discovered that the patient's ________________ (organ) were ________________ (severe) damaged. 8. The constant worry caused her great ________________ (anxious), and the red spots were ________________ (symbol) of a possible ________________ (infect). 9. She decided to ________________ (special) in sports medicine, and her active ________________ (participate) in research made her one of the most respected ________________ (specialist) in the field. 10. The ________________ (compete) among the athletes was fierce, but the ________________ (diverse) of the training program ________________ (motivate) them to improve. 11. The scientist ________________ (demonstrate) the new device, and the audience gave a round of ________________ (applaud); she has ________________ (consistent) followed the same procedure. 12. After winning the ________________ (elect), the new mayor promised to fulfill her ________________ (ambition) goals, and the voters placed great ________________ (faithful) in her. 13. The twins look almost ________________ (identity), but their talents are not ________________ (limit); one became a well-known ________________ (celebrated). 14. She handled the criticism ________________ (grace), and her ________________ (selfish) dedication earned respect even from those ________________ (oppose) to her ideas. 15. The company offers health ________________ (insure) to all employees, but some still ________________ (complaint) about the coverage, although the errors in the policy were made ________________ (intention). 16. Her ________________ (cruelty) words were harsh ________________ (remark) on his performance, and he took them ________________ (literal), feeling deeply hurt. 【答案】1.identified; affected; related 2. abnormal; restrictions; prohibition 3. resistant; characteristic; ripeness 4. withdrawal; equipped; gratitude 5. disabilities; conventional; sensory 6. disturbing; adjustment; evident 7. examination; organs; severely 8. anxiety; symbolic; infection 9. specialize; participation; specialists 10. competition; diversity; motivated 11. demonstrated; applause; consistently 12. election; ambitious; faith 13. identical; limited; celebrity 14. gracefully; unselfish; opposed 15. insurance; complain; unintentionally 16. cruel; remarks; literally Unit 4 1.capacity n.领悟(或理解、办事)能力;容量,容积;职位,职责;生产量→capable adj.有能力的;有本领的;能干的;可以…的;容许…的 2.analyse(AmE analyze) vt.分析→analysis n.分析→analyses n.(pl.)分析→analyst n.分析者;化验员→analytical adj.分析性的;善于分析的 3.finance n.财政,金融;资金;财力,财务管理 vt.提供资金→financial adj.财政上的;金融的→ financially adv.财政上地 4.threaten vt.危及,对…构成威胁;威胁,恐吓→threat n.构成威胁的人(或事物);威胁,恐吓;凶兆→threatening adj.恐吓的;具有威胁的→threatened adj.受到威胁的 5.commit vt.犯(罪);承诺,保证;花(钱或时间) vi.全心全意投入,忠于→commitment n.献身,投入;承诺,许诺;花费→committed adj.尽心尽力的;坚定的 6.crime n.罪,罪行;犯罪活动→criminal n.罪犯 adj.犯罪的 7.murder vt.& n.谋杀,凶杀→murderer n.凶手 8.urge vt.敦促,催促;大力推荐,竭力主张;驱赶,鞭策 n.冲动,强烈的欲望→urgent adj.紧急的;迫切的→urgency n.紧急;紧急情况→urgently adv.紧急地 9.apparently adv.显然,可见→apparent adj.显而易见的 10.demand vt.需要;强烈要求 n.要求,所需之物;需求,需要→demanding adj.要求高的;费力的;苛刻的 11.greedy adj.贪心的,贪婪的→greed n.贪婪,贪欲→greedily adv.贪婪地 12.recognition n.识别,认出;承认,认可;赞誉,赏识→recognize v.识别;意识到;承认,认可→ recognizable adj.可识别的;能认出的 13.distribution n.分发,分送;分配,分布→distribute v.分发;分配;分销 14.predict vt.预言,预告→prediction n.预言,预测→predictable adj.可预测的→unpredictable adj.不可预测的 15.deny vt.否认,否定;拒绝承认,拒绝接受→undeniable adj.不可否认的→denial n.否认 16.illegal adj.不合法的,非法的→[反义词] legal adj.合法的→legally adv.合法地 17.muscular adj.肌肉的;强壮的→muscle n.肌肉 18.conclude vt.& vi.断定,推断出;达成,订立;(使)结束,终止→conclusion n.结论;结束;签订,达成 19.justified adj.合乎情理的,事出有因的;有正当理由的→justify vt.证明…正确;对…做出解释;为…辩护→just adj.公正的→justification n.正当理由 20.definition n.定义;释义,解释→define vt.给…下定义;解释…的含义;明确;界定→definitely adv.确定地,一定地 21.practical adj.实际的,真实的;切实可行的;有用的;实事求是的→practice n.实践;惯例;习俗 v.练习,训练 22.engage vt.& vi.吸引住(注意力、兴趣);雇用,聘用;与…建立密切关系→engagement n.约会;订婚;战斗;雇用→engaged adj.忙碌的;占线的;已订婚的→engaging adj.迷人的,令人愉快的 23.optimistic adj.乐观的,抱乐观看法的→optimism n.乐观,乐观主义→optimist n.乐观主义者→[反义词]pessimistic adj.悲观的 24.annoy vt.使恼怒,使生气;打扰,骚扰→annoyed adj.生气的,恼怒的;烦恼的→annoying adj.令人生气的,惹人恼怒的→annoyance n.恼怒,生气,烦恼;使人烦恼的事 25.globe n.球体,球状物;地球仪;地球,世界→global adj.全球的;球形的→globalize v.使全球化→globalization n.全球化 26.expense n.费用;开销;开支→expensive adj.昂贵的→[反义词]inexpensive adj.不昂贵的 27.envy n.& vt.羡慕,忌妒→envious adj.嫉妒的,羡慕的 速效练笔 用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. The new stadium has a seating ________________ (capacity) of 80,000, and the organizers are ________________ (optimism) about ticket sales because experts have ________________ (predict) a record attendance. 2. After a detailed ________________ (analyse) of the data, the financial ________________ (analyse) came to the ________________ (conclude) that the company was in serious trouble. 3. The company's ________________ (finance) problems have ________________ (threat) its survival, and the board is seeking ________________ (finance) support from investors. 4. He ________________ (commit) a serious ________________ (crime) and was sentenced as a ________________ (crime) by the court. 5. The doctor ________________ (urge) the patient to seek ________________ (urge) medical attention, as the situation was extremely ________________ (demand). 6. It became ________________ (apparent) that his ________________ (greedy) for power knew no bounds, and his talent finally gained international ________________ (recognize). 7. The weather forecast ________________ (predict) heavy snow, which would seriously affect the ________________ (distribute) of supplies; the authorities could not ________________ (deny) the potential crisis. 8. The bodybuilder's ________________ (muscle) strength was impressive, and the court ________________ (conclude) that his actions were ________________ (legal). 9. The teacher asked students to ________________ (definition) the term, and she could not ________________ (justify) why such an unpractical idea was considered ________________ (practice). 10. The ________________ (engage) speaker kept the audience fully ________________ (engage), and despite some ________________ (annoy) interruptions, she remained ________________ (optimism). 11. The ________________ (globe) economic crisis led to a rise in living ________________ (expense), and many people looked at the wealthy with ________________ (envy). 12. The suspect continued to ________________ (deny) any involvement in the ________________ (legal) activity, but the evidence was ________________ (deny), leaving no room for doubt. 13. The job is highly ________________ (demand) and requires a person with great ________________ (capacity) and a strong ________________ (commit) to excellence. 14. After ________________ (analyse) the trends, economists ________________ (predict) a recession, and their ________________ (conclude) was supported by the data. 15. The new policy poses a serious ________________ (threat) to small businesses, which are less ________________ (capable) of absorbing ________________ (finance) shocks. 【答案】1. capacity; optimistic; predicted 2. analysis; analyst; conclusion 3. financial; threatened; financial 4. committed; crime; criminal 5. urged; urgent; demanding 6. apparent; greed; recognition 7. predicted; distribution; deny 8. muscular; concluded; illegal 9. define; justify; practical 10. engaging; engaged; annoying; optimistic 11. global; expenses; envy 12. deny; illegal; undeniable 13. demanding; capacity; commitment 14. analysing; predicted; conclusion 15. threat; capable; financial 知识点2　核心单词知拼写 Unit 1 1.trap　 vt.使落入险境;卡住,绊住n.陷阱,罗网;圈套;困境,牢笼 2.release vt.发布;释放;松开;发泄n.释放;发行;排放,泄漏 3.scream vi.& vt.尖叫;高声喊;发出大而尖的声音n.尖叫,尖锐刺耳的声音 4.bark vi.(狗)吠叫vt.厉声发令n.(狗)吠声;短促响亮的人声;树皮 5.choke vt.& vi.(使)窒息;(使)哽咽,(尤指感情激动而)说不出话来 6.instance n.例子,事例 7.false adj.错误的,不真实的;非天生的;假的,伪造的;不真诚的 8.sum n.金额,款项;总和,总数;全部 9.citizen n.公民;市民,居民 10.tax n.税,税款vt.对…征税,使纳税 11.mount vi.逐步增加vt.攀登,爬上n.山 12.nevertheless adv.尽管如此 13.witness vt.& vi.是发生…的时间(或地点),见证;目击;作证;是…的迹象n.目击者,见证人;证人 14.edition n.版本;一份,一期;版次 15.chart n.图表;海图;(the charts)排行榜vt.记录;制订计划;绘制区域地图 16.broadcast n.广播节目,电视节目vi.& vt.(broadcast,broadcast)播送,广播;散布,传播 17.channel n.途径,渠道;电视台;频道;方法;水渠 18.peak adj.高峰时期的,最高度的n.顶峰,高峰;山峰;尖端vi.达到高峰,达到最高值 19.boost vt.使增长,使兴旺n.增长,提高;帮助,激励 20.purchase vt.买,购买n.购买,采购;购买的东西,购买项目 21.brand n.品牌;类型;烙印 22.rating n.收视率;等级,级别 23.absorb vt.理解,掌握;吸收;吸引全部注意力 24.discount n.折扣vt.打折出售 25.tailor vt.专门制作,定做n.裁缝 26.housing n.住房,住宅 短文故事识记 一位普通的 __________（公民）李先生，深夜在电视 __________（频道）上看到一则 __________（广播节目），声称某 __________（品牌）的 __________（住房）项目正以巨大 __________（折扣）出售。他心动了，决定 __________（购买）一套。然而，这其实是一个利用 __________（虚假的）广告精心设计的 __________（陷阱）。他支付了一大笔 __________（金额），却还要被额外征收高额 __________（税）。当发现问题后，他试图退款，但压力不断__________ （增加）。__________（尽管如此），他并没有放弃。他联系了记者，成为了关键 __________（目击者），并在社交媒体上 __________（发布）了一段视频。视频中他 __________（尖叫）着揭露真相，旁边的狗不停地 __________（吠叫），他激动得几乎 __________（哽咽）。这起事件成为了消费者维权的典型 __________（例子）。媒体报道后，相关新闻的 __________（收视率）达到了 __________（高峰），极大地 __________（提升）了公众的警惕性。专家们在 __________（图表）中展示了数据，最新一期的报纸 __________（版本）也进行了深度报道。观众们开始 __________（吸收）这些信息，并呼吁政府为消费者 __________（专门制定）更严格的法律。 【答案】1.citizen 2.channel 3.broadcast 4.brand 5.housing 6.discount 7.purchase 8.false 9.trap 10.sum 11.tax 12.mount 13.nevertheless 14.witness 15.release 16.scream 17.bark 18.choke 19.instance 20.rating 21.peak 22.boost 23.chart 24.edition 25.absorb 26.tailor Unit 2 1.solidarity　n.团结,齐心协力 2.joint adj.联合的,共同的n.关节;接合处 3.motto n.(pl.mottoes,mottos) 格言,座右铭 4.afterwards (also afterward) adv.以后,后来 5.proceed vi.接着做,继而做;继续从事(或进行);行进,前往 6.flame n.火焰,火舌 7.rank vi.& vt.属于某等级,把…分等级;排列,使排成行n.地位,级别;等级;排,列;军衔 8.trend n.趋势,趋向 9.fellow adj.同伴的,同情况的,同类的n.同辈,同类;男人,家伙 10.relay n.接力赛vt.转发(信息、消息等);播放,转播 11.chest n.胸部;大箱子 12.cheek n.面颊,脸颊 13.ankle n.踝,踝关节 14.gradually adv.逐渐地,逐步地 15.pour vt.& vi.倒,斟;倾倒,倒出;涌流,倾泻;下大雨 16.humility n.谦逊,谦虚 17.dignity n.尊严;自尊;高贵 18.idiom n.习语,成语 19.league n.联赛;等级,级别 20.net n.球门网;网,网状物 21.salesman n.售货员,推销员 22.handle vt.处理,应付;控制,操纵n.把手,拉手;柄 23.fist n.拳,拳头 24.waist n.腰,腰部;(衣服的)腰部 25.towel n.毛巾,抹布,纸巾 26.iron n.铁;熨斗 vt.& vi.(用熨斗)熨,烫平 短文故事识记 在学校体育 __________（联赛）中，我们班参加了4×100米 __________（接力赛）。赛前，大家展现出高度的 __________（团结），我们的 __________（共同的）信念是“团结就是力量”，这成了我们的 __________（座右铭）。比赛开始后，第一棒选手迅速 __________（行进）到弯道，却不慎扭伤了 __________（踝关节）。但他 __________（逐渐地）站起来，咬牙坚持把棒交给了他的__________ （同伴的）队友。（后来），他在场边用 __________（毛巾）擦拭 __________（面颊）上的汗水，并冰敷 __________（腰部）和 __________（胸部）的伤痛。看台上，同学们的加油声如 __________（火焰）般热烈，欢呼声 __________（涌流）而出。最终，我们队在 __________（排名）中位列第三。虽然没有夺冠，但大家展现了 __________（谦逊）和 __________（尊严）。教练说，体育的 __________（趋势）是重视团队精神，而不是个人英雄。他引用了一句 __________（习语）：“独木不成林。” 这次经历让我学会如何 __________（处理）压力和挫折。赛后，一位 __________（推销员）来推销运动装备，我摸了摸自己 __________（拳头）上的伤痕，微笑着拒绝了。回家后，我用 __________（熨斗）把队服 __________（熨）平。我望着窗外足球场上的 __________（网），心中充满感慨。 【答案】1.league 2.relay 3.solidarity 4.joint 5.motto 6.proceed 7.ankle 8.gradually 9.fellow 10.afterwards 11.towel 12.cheek 13.waist 14.chest 15.flame 16.pour 17.rank 18.humility 19.dignity 20.trend 21.idiom 22.handle 23.salesman 24.fist 25.iron 26.iron 27.net Unit 3 1.dentist　n.牙科医生 2.gene n.基因 3.game-changing adj.改变游戏规则的(指彻底改变事态发展的) 4.cell n.细胞 5.being n.生物;存在;身心 6.contract vt.感染(疾病);与…订立合同(或契约)n.合同,合约 7.virus n.病毒;(计算机程序中的)病毒 8.cancer n.癌症;邪恶,毒瘤 9.means n.(pl.means)方法,方式;财富,钱财 10.delete vt.删去,删除 11.restore vt.恢复;修复;使复原,使复位 12.ultimately adv.最终;根本上 13.weapon n.武器,手段;兵器 14.pace n.发生的速度,节奏;步速;快节奏vi.& vt.来回踱步,走来走去;确定速度,调整节奏 15.arise vi.(arose,arisen)发生,出现; (由…)引起,(因…)产生 16.wrestle vi.& vt.奋力对付,努力处理;摔跤 17.debate vt.& vi.讨论,辩论;仔细考虑,思考n.讨论,争论;辩论 18.finding n.调查发现,调研结果 19.outgoing adj.外向的 20.leather n.皮革 21.fuel vt.增加,刺激;给…提供燃料n.燃料 22.tackle vt.应付,处理,解决 23.head-on adv.积极地,果断地;正面相撞地adj.迎头相撞的;正面反对的 24.needle n.针;注射针;指针 25.solid adj.实心的;固体的;结实的;纯色的 26.switch vi.& vt.转变;交换;调班n.开关,闸;转变,改变 27.steel n.钢;钢铁工业 28.clinic n.私人诊所;门诊部;门诊时间 29.abuse vt.滥用;虐待;辱骂 n.滥用;虐待;辱骂 30.drug n.毒品;药物 31.phenomenon n.(pl.phenomena)现象 32.substance n.物质;要点 33.widespread adj.分布广的,普遍的,广泛的 34.department n.(医院的)科,部门,局,系 短文故事识记 在一家医院的 __________（部门）里，一位 __________（牙科医生）发现了一种新型 __________（病毒），它能够攻击人体 __________（细胞），甚至引发 __________（癌症）。这种病毒的传播十分 __________（广泛），成为全球公共卫生领域的严重 __________（现象）。科学家研究发现，这种病毒的 __________（基因）结构特殊，可能通过某种 __________（物质）传播，并与 __________（药物） __________（滥用）密切相关。为了尽快 __________（处理）危机，研究团队决定 __________（转变）思路，采用一项 __________（改变游戏规则的）技术。他们使用特制 __________（针）提取样本，放入 __________（实心的） __________（钢）制容器中分析。经过反复试验，团队终于找到了有效 __________（方法）来 __________（删除）病毒中的致命片段，从而 __________（恢复）细胞的正常功能。然而，研究过程中也 __________（出现）了许多困难，科学家们不得不 __________（奋力对付）来自伦理与科学的激烈 __________（辩论）。最终，他们的 __________（调查发现）证明该疗法能 __________（最终）消灭病毒，成为人类对抗疾病的强大 __________（武器）。这项成果极大地 __________（刺激）了全球医学研究，许多 __________（诊所）开始推广应用。与此同时，社会上仍存在一些不良 __________（现象），如有人 __________（滥用） __________（毒品），还有人因不洁环境 __________（感染）了其他疾病。专家呼吁公众保持健康的 （节奏），（积极地）面对健康问题。一位 __________（外向的）志愿者穿着 __________（皮革）外套参与宣传，告诉大家每一个 __________（生物）都值得被尊重。医院也延长了 __________（门诊时间），并提醒市民不要轻信来路不明的保健品 __________（合同）。最终人们明白，健康才是人生最大的 __________（财富）。 【答案】1.department 2.dentist 3.virus 4.cell 5.cancer 6.widespread 7.phenomenon 8.gene 9.substance 10.drug 11.abuse 12.tackle 13.switch 14.game-changing 15.needle 16.solid 17.steel 18.means 19.delete 20.restore 21.arise 22.wrestle 23.debate 24.finding 25.ultimately 26.weapon 27.fuel 28.clinic 29.phenomenon 30.abuse 31.drug 32.contract 33.pace 34.head-on 35.outgoing 36.leather 37.being 38.clinic 39.contract 40.means Unit 4 1.castle　n.城堡 2.input n.输入的信息;投入 vt.(input,input)输入(信息) 3.massive adj.巨大的,大而重的;非常严重的 4.network n.网络,网状系统;关系网,人际网;(互联)网络 5.coin vt.创造(新词语) 6.breakthrough n.重大进展,突破 adj.突破性的 7.domestic adj.家庭的,家用的;本国的,国内的 8. pose vt.造成,产生;提问,质询 vi.摆好姿势n.姿势 9.warning n.警告,先兆;警戒 10.victim n.受害者,牺牲品;受骗者;祭品 11. alternative n.可供选择的事物adj.可供替代的;非传统的 12.decrease vt.& vi.减少,降低n.减少,降低 13.quantity n.数量;大量 14.spy vi.从事间谍活动vt.突然看见n.间谍 15.monitor vt.监视,跟踪调查;监听n.显示屏;监测器;班长 16.stadium n.体育场,运动场 17.highlight n.最好(或最精彩)的部分vt.突出,强调;使醒目 18.bury vt.埋藏;埋葬,安葬;覆盖;遮盖;使陷入 19.seed n.种子;起源,起因 20.wheat n.小麦,小麦粒 21.virtual adj.虚拟的,模拟的;很接近的,事实上的 22.twin n.双胞胎之一;一对相像的事物之一adj.双胞胎之一的;成对的,成双的 23.clone n.好像一模一样的人,复制品;克隆动物(或植物)vt.克隆,以无性繁殖技术复制 24.barrier n.障碍,阻力;屏障,障碍物;分界线,隔阂 25.initial adj.最初的,开始的n.首字母 26.weed n.杂草,野草 27.gender n.性别 短文故事识记 在一座古老的 __________（城堡）里，科研团队建立了一个现代化的 __________（网络）实验室。他们 __________（输入）了大量数据，希望解决 __________（国内的）粮食安全问题。团队 __________（创造）了一个新词“智慧农业”，并取得了 __________（突破性的）进展。然而，实验也 __________（造成）了一些风险。系统发出 __________（警告）：某种 __________（杂草）正在以 __________（巨大的）规模扩散，威胁 __________（小麦）的生长。这些作物成了潜在的 __________（受害者），而杂草成了它们生长的 __________（障碍）。科学家们找到了 __________（替代的）方法，通过 __________（虚拟的）模拟技术来 __________（监视）农田。他们发现，只要 __________（减少）化肥的 __________（数量），就能控制杂草，同时不伤害 __________（种子）。这一发现成为项目的 __________（亮点）。在 __________（体育场）举办的科学展上，一对 __________（双胞胎）学生展示了这个项目，他们 __________（最初的）目标是让农业更智能。专家们强调，不能 __________（埋藏）这项技术，而应大力推广。此外，团队还研究了 __________（克隆）技术，并讨论了 __________（性别）平等在科研中的重要性。他们甚至在实验室外发现了一名 __________（间谍），企图窃取数据。 【答案】1.castle 2.network 3.input 4.domestic 5.coined 6.breakthrough 7.pose 8.warning 9.weed 10.massive 11.wheat 12.victim 13.barrier 14.alternative 15.virtual 16.monitor 17.decrease 18.quantity 19.seed 20.highlight 21.stadium 22.twin 23.initial 24.bury 25.clone 26.gender 27.spy 考点二 unit 1~unit 4 阅读词汇 知识点1 阅读单词知词义 Unit 1 1.ambulance　 n.救护车 2.dozen n.许多;(一)打;十来个 3.cigarette n.香烟 4.carpet n.地毯;覆盖地面的一层厚东西 5.automatic adj.自动的;无意识的,不假思索的 6.minimum n.最小值,最少量 adj.最低的,最小的 7.maximum n.最大值,最大限度 adj.最高的,最多的 8.discrimination n.辨别力,识别力;歧视,区别对待 9.elevation n.提高;提升;海拔 10.scholarship n.奖学金;学术 11.category n.类别,种类 12.platform n.计算机平台;站台,月台;讲台,舞台 13.interaction n.互动;互相作用 14.membership n.(统称) 会员,会员人数;会员资格  15.slogan n.标语,口号 16.teapot n.茶壶 17.ambassador n.大使,代表 18.sponsor vt.赞助;主办;为慈善活动捐款;资助 n.赞助商;为慈善活动捐款的人 19.estate n.住宅区;(通常指农村的)大片私有土地;个人财产,(尤指)遗产 2 / 2 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 Unit 1 A university student received a __________ (scholarship) to attend an international conference. She registered through an online __________ (platform) and paid the __________ (minimum) fee. The conference was held in a city at a high __________ (elevation). On the first day, she met an __________ (ambassador) who gave a speech about combating __________ (discrimination). The organizers had divided the exhibition hall into several __________ (category). She enjoyed the lively __________ (interaction) with other participants. One company offered to __________ (sponsor) her travel expenses, and she was granted a free __________ (membership) of the student union. After the conference, she visited a large rural __________ (estate) with her host family. In the living room, she saw a beautiful __________ (carpet) and an __________ (automatic) coffee machine. The host served tea from an elegant __________ (teapot) and offered her a __________ (cigarette), which she politely refused. Suddenly, the host's grandfather felt unwell and they called an __________ (ambulance). It arrived within a __________ (dozen) minutes. She remembered the conference's __________ (slogan): “Health First”. The paramedics said the ambulance had reached its __________ (maximum) capacity but still handled the emergency well. 【答案】1.scholarship 奖学金 2.platform 平台 3.minimum 最低的 4.elevation 海拔 5.ambassador 大使 6.discrimination 歧视 7.category 类别 8.interaction 互动 9.sponsor 赞助 10.membership 会员资格 11.estate 庄园 12.carpet 地毯 13.automatic 自动的 14.teapot 茶壶 15.cigarette 香烟 16.ambulance 救护车 17.dozen 十几个 18.slogan 口号 19.maximum 最大的 Unit 2 1.BCE abbr.公元前 2.boundary n.边界,分界线 3.humanity n.(统称) 人,人类;人性;人道,仁慈  4.hurdle n.(hurdles) 跨栏赛;栏架;障碍 5.advent n.(重要事件、人物等的)到来,出现 6.ascend vi.& vt.上升,升高,登高 7.half-marathon n.半程马拉松赛跑 8.amateur n.业余运动员,业余爱好者;生手,外行 adj.业余的 9.session n.一段时间,一场;会议,开庭;学年 10.marathon n.马拉松赛跑;马拉松式的活动 (或工作)  11.chairman n.(委员会的)委员长,主席;(会议的)主席,主持人 12.constitution n.体质,身体素质;宪法,章程 13.bobsleigh n.大雪橇(供两人或两人以上比赛用) 14.council n.政务委员会,地方议会;市政服务机构;委员会 15.backfire vi.产生事与愿违的不良(或危险)后果 16.ballpark n.棒球场;变动范围 17.venue n.活动场地 18.curveball n.曲线球 Unit 2 The city __________ (council) held a sports event at a new __________ (venue). The __________ (chairman), an __________ (amateur) runner, opened the first __________ (session) by talking about the history of long-distance running. He said that in __________ (BCE) times, ancient civilizations already valued __________ (humanity) and physical __________ (constitution). With the __________ (advent) of modern sports, the full __________ (marathon) and the __________ (half-marathon) became popular. Runners would __________ (ascend) a steep hill near the __________ (ballpark), where a pitcher threw a surprising __________ (curveball). After the race, a __________ (bobsleigh) demonstration was planned. But the event nearly __________ (backfire) because someone moved the __________ (boundary) markers of the track. 【答案】1.council 政务委员会，地方议会 2.venue 活动场地 3.chairman 主席，主持人 4.amateur 业余的；业余爱好者 5.session 一段时间，一场；会议 6.BCE 公元前 7.humanity 人类；人性 8.constitution 体质，身体素质 9.advent 到来，出现 10.marathon 马拉松赛跑 11.half-marathon 半程马拉松赛跑 12.ascend 上升，升高 13.ballpark 棒球场 14.curveball 曲线球 15.bobsleigh 大雪橇 16.backfire 产生事与愿违的不良后果 17.boundary 边界，分界线 Unit 3 1.lifespan　n.寿命,有效期 2.fundamental adj.十分重大的,根本的;基础的,基本的n.基本规律,根本法则,基础 3.flu n.流行性感冒,流感 4.artificial adj.人工的,人造的;人为的;虚假的 5.limb n.肢,臂,腿 6.rubber n.橡胶;橡皮 7.patent n.专利,专利证书 adj.有专利的,受专利保护的 8.centimetre(AmE centimeter) n.厘米 9.acupuncture n.针刺疗法 10.stainless adj.不生锈的 11.millimetre(AmE millimeter) n.毫米 12.tongue n.舌头;语言 13.pulse n.脉搏 vi.搏动,跳动;洋溢着 14.wrist n.手腕,腕关节 15.alcohol n.酒精,酒 16.tobacco n.烟草 17.bandage n.绷带 Unit 3 At the clinic, the doctor checked the patient's __________ (pulse) and asked him to stick out his __________ (tongue). The patient had a bad case of __________ (flu). The doctor measured a small cut on his __________ (wrist) to the nearest __________ (millimetre) and wrapped it with a clean __________ (bandage). He warned that smoking __________ (tobacco) and drinking too much __________ (alcohol) could shorten one's __________ (lifespan). These are __________ (fundamental) health rules. The doctor also showed the patient a new __________ (artificial) __________ (limb) made of __________ (rubber) and __________ (stainless) steel. He explained that this device was protected by a __________ (patent). Then he tried __________ (acupuncture) on the patient's leg, inserting a needle about one __________ (centimetre) deep. 【答案】1.pulse 脉搏 2.tongue 舌头 3.flu 流感 4.wrist 手腕 5.millimetre 毫米 6.bandage 绷带 7.tobacco 烟草 8.alcohol 酒精 9.lifespan 寿命 10.fundamental 根本的 11.artificial 人工的 12.limb 肢体 13.rubber 橡胶 14.stainless 不生锈的 15.patent 专利 16.acupuncture 针刺疗法 17.centimetre 厘米 Unit 4 1.autonomous　adj.自主的,有自主权的;自治的 2.database n.数据库 3.hacker n.黑客 4.theft n.偷窃,偷窃罪 5.drone n.无人驾驶飞机 6.airline n.航空公司 7.licence (AmE license) n.许可证,执照 8.capsule n.小塑料容器;(装药的)胶囊;太空舱 9.fountain n.喷射,涌流;喷水池;源泉,丰富来源 10.contemporary adj.当代的,现代的;属同时期的,同一时代的 n.同代人,同辈人 11.superiority n.优越感;优越性,优势 12.headset n.耳机 13.sensor n.传感器,敏感元件 14.academic adj.教学的,学术的;学习良好的;纯理论的 15.immersive adj.(计算机系统或图像)沉浸式虚拟现实的 16.state-of-the-art adj.使用最先进技术(或方法)的,最先进的 17.satellite n.人造卫星;卫星 18.pub n.酒吧,酒馆 Unit 4 An __________ (autonomous) drone was used by an __________ (airline) company to inspect its planes. The drone sent data through a __________ (satellite) link to a central __________ (database). One night, a __________ (hacker) attempted a serious data __________ (theft). Fortunately, the company had a __________ (licence) for a __________ (state-of-the-art) security system equipped with advanced __________ (sensor) technology. The security team put on an __________ (immersive) __________ (headset) to simulate the attack. They also invited an __________ (academic) expert in __________ (contemporary) cyber security. The expert reminded them that no system enjoys permanent __________ (superiority). He placed a tiny backup chip inside a small __________ (capsule) for safety. After the meeting, they relaxed at a nearby __________ (pub), sitting beside a beautiful __________ (fountain). 【答案】 1.autonomous 自主的 2.drone 无人驾驶飞机 3.airline 航空公司 4.satellite 人造卫星 5.database 数据库 6.hacker 黑客 7.theft 偷窃 8.licence 许可证 9.state-of-the-art 最先进的 10.sensor 传感器 11.immersive 沉浸式虚拟现实的 12.headset 耳机 13.academic 学术的 14.contemporary 当代的 15.superiority 优越性 16.capsule 小塑料容器 17.pub 酒吧 18.fountain 喷水池 知识点2 核心短语知辨析 Unit 1 1.dozens of 　很多,许多 2.come about 发生 3.for instance 例如,比如 4.bring sth to light 揭露,披露 5.sum up 总结,概括 6.be committed to 致力于 7.mount up (尺寸和数量上)增加,上升 8.spring up 迅速出现,突然兴起 9.get across 被传达,被理解,把…讲清楚 10.brighten up (使)增添乐趣;使更艳丽 11.housing estate 住宅区,住宅群 12.rush to a conclusion 匆忙下结论 13.give an accurate account of 准确描述 14.make a hit 大获成功 15.appeal to 吸引 16.take...as an example 以…为例 17.in terms of... 谈及,就…而言 18.a top priority 当务之急,优先事项 第一组 序号匹配 英文短语 选项（中文释义） 1— 1. dozens of A. 发生 2. come about B. 很多，许多 3. for instance C. 总结，概括 4. bring sth to light D. 致力于 5. sum up E. 例如，比如 6. be committed to F. 被传达，被理解，把…讲清楚 7. mount up G. 迅速出现，突然兴起 8. spring up H. 揭露，披露 9. get across I. （尺寸和数量上）增加，上升 答案：1-B, 2-A, 3-E, 4-H, 5-C, 6-D, 7-I, 8-G, 9-F 第二组 序号匹配 英文短语 选项（中文释义） 1. brighten up A. 当务之急，优先事项 2. housing estate B. 大获成功 3. rush to a conclusion C. 以…为例 4. give an accurate account of D. 匆忙下结论 5. make a hit E. （使）增添乐趣；使更艳丽 6. appeal to F. 准确描述 7. take...as an example G. 吸引 8. in terms of... H. 住宅区，住宅群 9. a top priority I. 谈及，就…而言 答案：1-E, 2-H, 3-D, 4-F, 5-B, 6-G, 7-C, 8-I, 9-A Unit 2 1.track and field　田径运动 2.call on sb to do sth正式邀请某人做某事;请求某人做某事 3.walk on air欢天喜地,得意扬扬 4.keep sth in perspective正确客观地看待 5.live with忍受/接受/容忍(不快的事) 6.without hesitation 毫不犹豫地 7.find one’s way into偶然来到,无意中处于 8.move the goalposts改变条件(或规则) 9.score an own goal 进乌龙球;无意中做让自己吃亏的事 10.in the ballpark差不多 11.a ballpark estimate大致相近的估计 12.throw sb a curveball给某人出难题 13.three strikes and you are out 三振出局 14.below the belt不公正的,伤人的 15.throw in the towel认输,承认失败 16.the best of the best 优中最优,最好的 17.side by side一起,肩并肩 18.get through to the end坚持到最后 第一组 序号匹配 英文短语 选项（中文释义） 1. track and field A. 欢天喜地，得意扬扬 2. call on sb to do sth B. 进乌龙球；无意中做让自己吃亏的事 3. walk on air C. 正确客观地看待 4. keep sth in perspective D. 毫不犹豫地 5. live with E. 改变条件（或规则） 6. without hesitation F. 田径运动 7. find one’s way into G. 忍受/接受/容忍（不快的事） 8. move the goalposts H. 偶然来到，无意中处于 9. score an own goal I. 正式邀请某人做某事；请求某人做某事 答案：1-F, 2-I, 3-A, 4-C, 5-G, 6-D, 7-H, 8-E, 9-B 第二组 序号匹配 英文短语 选项（中文释义） 10. in the ballpark A. 认输，承认失败 11. a ballpark estimate B. 不公正的，伤人的 12. throw sb a curveball C. 差不多 13. three strikes and you are out D. 坚持到最后 14. below the belt E. 给某人出难题 15. throw in the towel F. 三振出局 16. the best of the best G. 优中最优，最好的 17. side by side H. 一起，肩并肩 18. get through to the end I. 大致相近的估计 答案：10-C, 11-I, 12-E, 13-F, 14-B, 15-A, 16-G, 17-H, 18-D Unit 3 1.relate to　涉及,与…相关 2.prohibit sb from doing sth禁止某人做某事 3.wrestle with努力处理,全力解决 4.put sth in place准备就绪 5.without doubt毫无疑问,的确 6.a ripe old age高龄 7.a much wider range of更大范围的 8.go to great lengths to do sth竭尽全力做某事,不遗余力做某事 9.date back to追溯到,始于,自…至今 10.be equipped with 装备;配备 11.be grateful for 因…感激 12.at a fast pace以飞快的速度 13.be tied to与…有关 14.serve/function as...起着…的作用 15.take the place of...取代…的位置 序号匹配 英文短语 选项（中文释义） 1. relate to A. 因…感激 2. prohibit sb from doing sth B. 装备；配备 3. wrestle with C. 追溯到，始于，自…至今 4. put sth in place D. 竭尽全力做某事，不遗余力做某事 5. without doubt E. 禁止某人做某事 6. a ripe old age F. 涉及，与…相关 7. a much wider range of G. 取代…的位置 8. go to great lengths to do sth H. 努力处理，全力解决 9. date back to I. 毫无疑问，的确 10. be equipped with J. 更大范围的 11. be grateful for K. 准备就绪 12. at a fast pace L. 起着…的作用 13. be tied to M. 以飞快的速度 14. serve/function as... N. 高龄 15. take the place of... O. 与…有关 答案：1-F, 2-E, 3-H, 4-K, 5-I, 6-N, 7-J, 8-D, 9-C, 10-B, 11-A, 12-M, 13-O, 14-L, 15-G Unit 4 1.(build) castles in the air (建)空中楼阁,幻想,空想 2.come true实现 3.(be)capable of doing sth有能力做某事 4.to name but a few略举几例 5.fall victim to受伤,受损,被害 6.break into强行闯入,撬开;突然开始(笑、唱等);顺利打入 7.in large quantities大量,大批 8.spy on暗中监视,窥探 9.at the forefront of 处于最前列,进入重要地位 10.a host of许多,大量 11.boil down to 　归结为,基本问题是 12.at the expense of 在牺牲(或损害)…的情况下 13.pose a danger/threat to对…构成危险/威胁 14.come into widespread use 开始被广泛使用 15.interact with 和…互动 16.have huge impact on 对…有很大影响 第一组 序号匹配 英文短语 选项（中文释义） 1. (build) castles in the air A. 暗中监视，窥探 2. come true B. 略举几例 3. (be) capable of doing sth C. 空中楼阁，幻想，空想 4. to name but a few D. 实现 5. fall victim to E. 强行闯入，撬开；突然开始（笑、唱等）；顺利打入 6. break into F. 有能力做某事 7. in large quantities G. 大量，大批 8. spy on H. 受伤，受损，被害 答案：1-C, 2-D, 3-F, 4-B, 5-H, 6-E, 7-G, 8-A 第二组 序号匹配 英文短语 选项（中文释义） 9. at the forefront of A. 归结为，基本问题是 10. a host of B. 许多，大量 11. boil down to C. 和…互动 12. at the expense of D. 在牺牲（或损害）…的情况下 13. pose a danger/threat to E. 对…有很大影响 14. come into widespread use F. 处于最前列，进入重要地位 15. interact with G. 开始被广泛使用 16. have huge impact on H. 对…构成危险/威胁 答案：9-F, 10-B, 11-A, 12-D, 13-H, 14-G, 15-C, 16-E 一、 真题实战 1.（2022·新高考II卷·阅读理解B篇节选） Sorry, kid. This book is not part of your high-tech world. It’s an outdated, lifeless thing. An antique, like your grandfather. Well, I may be old, but I‘m not hopelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit video and produce audio. I use mobile payment. I’ve even built websites. There‘s one notable gap in my new-media experience, however: I’ve spent little time in front of a camera, since I have a face made for radio. But that didn‘t stop China Daily from asking me last week to share a personal story for a video project about the integration of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei province. Anyway, grandpa is now an internet star — two minutes of fame! I promise not to let it go to my head. But I will make sure my 2-year-old grandson sees it on his tablet. 1. What can we learn about the author as a journalist? A. He lacks experience in his job. B. He seldom appears on television. C. He manages a video department. D. He often interviews internet stars. 答案： B 解析： 文中明确提到“I’ve spent little time in front of a camera, since I have a face made for radio.”即作者很少出现在镜头前（即电视上）。A项“缺乏工作经验”与文中“I edit video and produce audio. I use mobile payment. I‘ve even built websites.”矛盾；C项“管理视频部门”无依据；D项“经常采访网络明星”与“grandpa is now an internet star — two minutes of fame!”不符，作者是被采访对象而非采访者。 【思维建模】文中journalist（记者）为Unit 1核心词汇。人物身份推断题需综合全文信息，关注作者对自己职业的描述及自我评价。注意区分“事实陈述”与“基于身份的推断”。词句猜测题需结合上下文语境，尤其是画线词前后的解释性语句。 2. （2024·新高考I卷·完形填空节选） I‘ve been motivated — and demotivated — by other folks’ achievements all my life. When I was a teenager, a neighborhood friend ___1___ a marathon race. Feeling motivated, I started running ___2___. 1. A. knew　 B. held　 C. won　 D. quit 2. A. regularly　 B. silently　 C. proudly　 D. recently 答案：1. C 2. A 解析：第1题，根据后文“Feeling motivated”可知，作者因邻居朋友的成就而获得动力，应是朋友“赢得了”马拉松比赛，故选C（won）。 第2题，Feeling motivated后，作者应是“定期”跑步，故选A（regularly）。 【思维建模】 motivated（受到激励的）为Unit 2核心词汇。完形填空中，情感线索词（Feeling motivated）是预测后续动作的重要依据——受到激励后通常会采取规律性的积极行动。同时，破折号连接的并列与对比结构（motivated — and demotivated）提示前后意义相反，是重要的语义线索。 3. （2025·新高考I卷·语法填空节选） An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, ______ (originate) in China more than 4,000 years ago. 答案：originated 解析： 句中“______ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago”为定语从句的省略形式，修饰Go/weiqi，Go与originate之间为主动关系，但此处为过去分词短语作后置定语，表“起源于中国的围棋”。inspired为过去分词作后置定语，修饰artwork，表“受围棋启发的艺术作品”。 【思维建模】inspire（赋予灵感）和originate（起源）为Unit 4阅读与核心词汇。语法填空中，非谓语动词是必考考点。判断用现在分词还是过去分词，关键是看逻辑主语与动词的关系：artwork与inspire之间为被动关系（艺术作品被启发），故用inspired；Go/weiqi与originate之间为主动关系（围棋起源于中国），但在定语从句省略结构中用过去分词originated作定语，表“起源于……的”。 4. （2021·天津卷·单项填空） It’s a good idea to choose a(n) ________ destination in case your first-choice tourist spot is not available. A. annual　　B. exact　　C. alternative　　D. pleasant 答案：C 解析： 句意为“如果首选旅游景点无法前往，选择一个______目的地是个好主意。”alternative意为“替代的、可供选择的”，符合“备选方案”的语境。annual“每年的”；exact“精确的”；pleasant“令人愉快的”。in case引导的条件状语从句提示了“备选”的逻辑需求，故选C。 【思维建模】alternative（替代的）为Unit 4核心词汇。单项填空中，逻辑关系词（in case“以防”）是重要解题线索。“in case your first-choice tourist spot is not available”表明需要准备一个“备选的”目的地，直接对应alternative的词义。 5．（2023·全国乙卷·阅读理解A篇） PRACTITIONERS Jacqueline Felice de Almania (c.1322) highlights the  suspicion that women practicing medicine faced. Born to a Jewish family in  Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed  surgery. In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully. In spite of the  court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor, she  was banned from medicine. James Barry (c.1789 — 1865) was born Margaret Bulkley in  Ireland but, dressed as a man, she was accepted by Edinburgh University to  study medicine. She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, then joined the British  Army, serving overseas. Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire  medical profession living and working as a man. Tan Yunxian (1461 — 1554) was a Chinese physician who  learned her skills from her grandparents. Chinese women at the time could not  serve apprenticeships (学徒期) with doctors. However, Tan  passed the official exam. Tan treated women from all walks of life. In 1511,  Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female  Doctor, describing her life as a physician. Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831 — 1895) worked as a nurse for  eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860. Four years  later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree.  She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed  slaves. 1. What did Jacqueline and James have in common? A. Doing teaching jobs.   B.Being hired as physicians. C. Performing surgery.  D.Being banned from medicine. 2. How was Tan Yunxian different from the other practitioners? A. She wrote a book.   B.She went through trials. C. She worked as a dentist. D.She had formal education. 3. Who was the first African American with a medical degree? A. Jacqueline Felice de Almania.   B.Tan Yunxian. C. James Barry.   D.Rebecca Lee Crumpler. 答案：1．C   2．A    3．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四位从医人员的生平与事迹。 1．细节理解题。通过文章第一部分中的“Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery. (她出生于佛罗伦萨的一个犹太家庭，搬到巴黎当医生并做外科手术)”以及第二部分中的“She qualified as a surgeon in 1813 (她获得了做外科医生的资格)”和“Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man. (Barry于1859年退休，她以男人的身份生活和工作，从事了整个医学职业)”可知，Jacqueline和James的共同点是都有资格进行外科手术。故选C。 2．推理判断题。通读全文，再根据文章第三部分中的“Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician. (Tan写了一本书《女医生的故事》，描述了她作为一名医生的生活)”可推知，Tan与其他从业人员的不同之处在于她写了一本书。故选A。 3．细节理解题。通过文章第一部分中的“Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. (四年后，她成为第一位获得医学学位的非裔美国女性)”可知，Rebecca Lee Crumpler是第一位获得医学学位的非裔美国人。故选D。 【思维建模】文中physician（内科医生）、surgeon（外科医生）为Unit 3核心词汇。人物传记类阅读中，共同点题需横向对比不同人物的关键行为；差异题需关注独有信息（如著书）。注意physician与surgeon的职业区分——前者为内科医师，后者为外科医生。 2、 命题演练 一：单句提升词汇填空 1．Can you tell me what makes you choose doctors as your ________（职业）？ 【答案】profession 【详解】考查名词。句意：你能告诉我什么使得你选择了医生作为你的职业？“职业”可翻译为“profession”，且句中只提到了doctor一个职业，所以填名词的单数形式。故填profession。 2．Ten years ago, the house was ________ (做广告) for sale at 500,000 yuan. Now it has doubled. 【答案】advertised 【详解】句意：十年前，这所房子的广告售价为50万元。现在它翻了一番。根据提示的汉语“做广告”可知，此处为动词advertise，与主语之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式advertised与was构成一般过去时的被动语态。 3．Burning with _________ (好奇心), she ran across the field after the hare. 【答案】curiosity 【详解】句意：她充满好奇追着兔子跑过田野。根据汉语提示可知用名词curiosity，作介词的宾语，不可数。 4．The show has been _________ (延长) for another six weeks. 【答案】extended 【详解】句意：这场演出已经被延长六周。句子时态为现在完成时的被动语态（have/has been + 过去分词），汉语提示“延长”对应的动词extend，其过去分词形式为extended。 5．A series of activities have shown the company’s __________ (承诺) to creating more job opportunities. 【答案】commitment 【详解】句意：一系列活动展现了这家公司对于创造更多就业机会的承诺。根据汉语提示“承诺”可知，此处为名词commitment作宾语。 6．This year’s city marathon is going to be ________ (赞助) by three leading domestic enterprises. 【答案】sponsored 【详解】句意：今年的城市马拉松将由三家国内领先企业赞助。“赞助”应用动词sponsor，sponsor和主语marathon是被动关系，需用被动语态，因此用过去分词sponsored。 7．With economy developing at great speed, our city has ________ (目睹，见证) quite a few changes in recent years. 【答案】witnessed 【详解】句意：随着经济高速发展，我们城市近年来目睹了不少变化。“目睹，见证”是witness，由has和in recent years可知，时态是现在完成时，空格处用过去分词。 8．We have spent millions of pounds ________(做广告) this type of cat food in our store. 【答案】advertising 【详解】句意：我们已经花费了数百万英镑，在我们门店为这款猫粮做广告。表示“做广告”用动词advertise。“spend + 时间/金钱 + (in) doing sth.”，表示“花费时间/金钱做某事”，介词in可以省略，因此空处需要填入动词的动名词形式advertising。 9．People stayed silent, listened to us and ___________（鼓掌）at last. 【答案】applauded 【详解】句意：人们保持安静，倾听我们，最后鼓起了掌。分析句子结构可知，空处填动词，且and表示并列关系，再结合句意，故填applauded。 10．All the customers ________ (称赞) the decision to fix a discount day for membership. 【答案】applauded 【详解】句意：所有顾客都称赞设立会员折扣日这一决定。 根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“称赞”可用动词applaud，描述过去发生的事情使用一般过去时，谓语用过去式applauded。 11．Anyone who wants to ________ (参加) will get tailored training courses. 【答案】participate 【详解】句意：任何想要参加的人都将获得定制化的培训课程。want to do sth.意为“想要做某事”，空处应用动词原形，且空后无宾语，此处为不及物动词。根据汉语提示“参加”可知应用participate。 12．They have the confidence and ability to ________ (处理) the important matter well. 【答案】handle 【详解】句意：他们有信心和能力处理好这件重要的事情。空处位于不定式符号to后，应用动词原形；根据汉语提示“处理”，结合语境可知应填handle，handle the important matter表示“处理这件重要的事情”。 13．The pattern of injuries is ________(一致的，吻合的) with an attack with a knife. 【答案】consistent 【详解】句意：受伤的模式与用小刀攻击是吻合的。“一致的，吻合的”为形容词consistent，作表语，be consistent with意为“与……一致，吻合”。 14．The good news is that he becomes ___________ (逐渐地) interested in the subject. 【答案】gradually 【详解】句意：好消息就是他渐渐地对这个科目感兴趣。根据汉语提示可知用副词gradually，修饰interested。 15．I needn't have written to him because he phoned me shortly_______(后来) 【答案】afterwards/fterwards 【详解】afterwards 考查副词。句意：我不必给他写信，因为他后来很快就给我打电话了。副词“后来”是afterwards，故填afterwards. 16．Three athletes will ________ (竞争) for the only gold medal in the game. 【答案】compete 【详解】句意：三名运动员将争夺这场比赛唯一的金牌。表示“竞争”使用动词compete，will后接动词原形，构成一般将来时。 17．Employees ________ (激励) to work more efficiently. 【答案】are motivated 【详解】考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：员工被激励更高效地工作。根据汉语提示可知，“激励”作谓语，用动词motivate，和主语“Employees(员工)”之间是被动关系，句子描述的是一般性的事实，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是复数名词，谓语用复数形式。故填are motivated。 18．I really had no idea how to ________ (处理) the situation. 【答案】handle 【详解】考查动词。句意：我真的不知道该如何处理这种情况。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“处理”应用动词handle，且这里应用动词原形与前面to构成不定式。故填handle。 19．There are __________(根本的) differences between your religious beliefs and mine. 【答案】fundamental 【详解】考查形容词。句意：你的宗教信仰和我的信仰有根本区别。修饰名词用形容词，fundamental意为“基本的；根本的”，故填fundamental。 20．Our job is to protect and ________ (恢复) the natural environment. 【答案】 restore 【详解】句意：我们的工作是保护和恢复自然环境。根据汉语提示“恢复”可知，此处应填动词restore。根据空前的to protect and可知，空处与动词protect并列，同为不定式结构的一部分作表语，and连接两个不定式，第二个不定式符号省略，故使用动词原形。 21．The efforts of the Chinese government and people to protect this much­-loved river will be ___________ (感激) for years to come. 【答案】appreciated 【详解】句意：中国政府和人民为保护这条深受喜爱的河流所付出的努力，在未来数年里都会被人们感念。根据汉语提示可知，动词appreciate“感激”符合语境，结合will be可知句子是一般将来时的被动语态，空处使用过去分词appreciated。 22．Henry David Thoreau was happy to ________(退出) from social life, seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of his life. 【答案】withdraw 【详解】句意：Henry David Thoreau乐于远离社交生活，在宁静的生活中寻求与自然的和谐关系。设空处使用动词与前文的to构成不定式结构，根据汉语提示，表示“退出”用withdraw。 23．Whoever __________ (滥用) his or her authority and high position for personal gain against the law will be punished by the law. 【答案】abuses 【详解】句意：凡是滥用职权、谋取私利的人都将受到法律的惩罚。根据汉语提示“滥用”、“Whoever”以及句子描述客观事实可知，此空是从句谓语abuses。 24．I would be ________ (感激) if the two of you stopped fighting. 【答案】grateful 【详解】句意：如果你们两人停止打架，我将不胜感激。空处作表语，“感激”应用形容词grateful。 25．Do you have enough ___________ (证据) to prove that you are right? 【答案】evidence 【详解】句意：你有足够的证据证明你是对的吗?结合句意可知答案为evidence。 26．This _____________ (现象) has caused wide public concern in many countries. 【答案】phenomenon 【详解】考查名词。句意：这个现象在许多国家已引起了广泛关注。由This修饰用名词，故填phenomenon. 27．The plan received ___________ (普遍的；广泛的) support throughout the country. 【答案】widespread/universal 【详解】句意：该计划在全国范围内得到了广泛的支持。该空需要一个形容词作定语修饰名词support，形容词widespread和universal都可表示“普遍的；广泛的”符合题意。 28．These are the problems _______ (发生,出现) from the lack of communication. 【答案】arising 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这些都是由于缺乏沟通而产生的问题。本句已经存在谓语动词are且句中没有连词，故arise只能做非谓语动词与逻辑主语problems构成主谓关系，故填arising。 29．It’s an interesting idea, but there are many __________ (实际的) difficulties. 【答案】practical 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这是一个有趣的想法，但是有很多实际的困难。difficulties为名词需要形容词修饰，故填practical。 30．The scientists are struggling for a  ____________ (突破) in cancer research. 【答案】breakthrough 【详解】句意：科学家们正努力在癌症研究上取得突破。根据提示的汉语，此处表示“突破”为名词breakthrough，空前有不定冠词a，所以此处使用名词单数形式。 二：课内句式填空训练 1. I was about to have a bath when I heard people screaming and dogs barking.(be about to do...when...)  我正要洗澡,就听到有人尖叫,还有狗在叫。 2. When O’Neill received the Pulitzer Prize in Drama in 1957,it was the fourth time he had won it.[It/This is/was the first/second/...time (that)...] 奥尼尔于1957年获得普利策戏剧奖,这是他第四次获得该奖项。 3. His dream was that the Olympics would help people of different racial origins and from different cultures live side by side in peace.(that引导表语从句) 他的梦想是借助奥运会让不同种族、不同文化的人们和平地生活在一起。 4. By the time he died in 2016,Ali had been recognized as one of the greatest boxers of all time.(by the time引导时间状语从句) 在 2016 年过世前,阿里已被公认为有史以来最伟大的拳击手之一。 5. Since sport is an inseparable part of day-to-day life,there are lots of sports idioms that have found their way into everyday language.(that引导定语从句) 由于体育运动是日常生活中不可分割的一部分,许多体育习语已融入人们的日常语言。 6. Ultimately,this new technology might even make it possible to prevent diseases from ever developing by correcting abnormal genes early on.(make+it+adj.+动词不定式) 最终,这项新技术甚至可能通过及早修正异常基因来预防疾病。 7. Not only can they make a much wider range of movements,but they can also be controlled directly by the brain and feed sensory information back into it.(not only置于句首引起的倒装) 8. Up to now,more than 360 acupuncture points have been identified,each linked to a different part of the body.(独立主格结构) 到目前为止,已有360多个针刺穴位被确认,每个穴位对应身体的一个不同部位。 9. To achieve this aim,many approaches to creating true AI have been put forward,including “deep learning”...(动词不定式作目的状语) 为了实现这个目标,人们提出过许多创造真正的 AI 的方法,其中包括“深度学习”… 10.As we become more and more dependent on computers,some scientists are urging us to think about the dangers posed by the advances in AI.(过去分词短语作后置定语) 随着我们变得越来越依赖于电脑,一些科学家正敦促我们思考人工智能发展带来的危险。 11.One of the essential aims of AI is to develop computer intelligence capable of learning from experience,adjusting to new inputs and performing tasks like humans.(现在分词短语作后置定语) 人工智能的基本目标之一是发展能够从经验中学习、根据新的输入指令做出调整,并像人类一样执行任务的计算机智能。 12.What if I told you that doctors could create a virtual “twin” in order to practise delicate surgery before attempting it on the patient? (what if...?) 如果我告诉你,医生可以先造出一个虚拟的“孪生病人”练习精密的手术,然后再在病人身上进行实际操作呢? 三：篇章填空训练 Passage A 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 For four decades, the true scale of life on Cangshan Mountain in Southwest China’s Yunnan province remained a mystery. Now, the results of 1 massive three-year scientific survey have revealed that the mountain range is home to nearly a quarter of the 2 (province) plant species. The survey, 3 (release) on Friday at a news conference, is the most systematic study of the 1,000-square-kilometer range in the Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture since joint international expeditions in the 1980s. It confirms Cangshan 4 a hot spot for biodiversity, according to Zhong Mingchuan, a member of the research team. Researchers documented over 4,600 plant species, 578 vertebrates and several species entirely new to science. “This is the first time we have truly understood what exists in Cangshan,” said Zhong. Drawing on decades of botanical surveys and high-resolution satellite imagery, a multidisciplinary research team has systematically established a 5 (comprehend) vegetation classification system for the mountain. Concurrently, the team identified three previously 6 (record) vegetation types — a small ancient pine forest, a patch of bushes growing on metal-rich soil, and a grassy meadow along the eastern foot of the mountain that floods every rainy season — each of 7 plays a unique role in maintaining ecological balance. To date, in Guangming village near the mountain, resident Chen Jiaru 8 (sense) growing interest from visitors eager to learn about the mountain’s ecology. “Some tourists come 9 (specific) to understand its natural environment,” he said. “Our village is becoming a window for people to learn about its biodiversity.” Villagers have already begun hosting study groups and 10 (offer) guided walks, often cooperating with visiting educators to share traditional knowledge about the mountain’s vegetation. 【答案】 1．a 2．province’s 3．released 4．as 5．comprehensive 6．unrecorded 7．which 8．has sensed 9．specifically 10．offering 【导语】本文主要介绍了云南苍山为期三年的大规模生物多样性科学考察的重大成果，以及考察对当地社区带来的积极影响。 【详解】31．考查冠词。句意：如今，一项为期三年的大规模科学考察结果揭示：这座山脉孕育了该省近四分之一的植物物种。survey是可数名词的单数形式，表泛指，空格处用不定冠词，massive是辅音音素开头，因此不定冠词用a。 1．考查名词所有格。句意：如今，一项为期三年的大规模科学考察结果揭示：这座山脉孕育了该省近四分之一的植物物种。province和plant species是所属关系，因此空格处用名词所有格province’s。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：这项考察于周五在新闻发布会上公布，是自 20 世纪 80 年代国际联合考察以来，对大理白族自治州这片 1000 平方公里山脉最系统的研究。句中is是系动词，空格处用非谓语动词，survey和release之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此用过去分词表被动，作后置定语。 3．考查介词。句意：研究团队成员钟明川表示，这证实了苍山是生物多样性热点地区。confirm...as...意为“确认……是……”，空格处用介词as表示“作为”。 4．考查形容词。句意：依托数十年的植物调查数据和高分辨率卫星影像，一支多学科研究团队系统地建立了苍山完整的植被分类体系。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰vegetation classification system，comprehend的形容词是comprehensive，意为“全面的”。 5．考查形容词。句意：同时，团队还发现了三种此前未被记录的植被类型 —— 一片小型古松林、一片生长在富含金属土壤上的灌木丛，以及山东麓每到雨季就会被淹没的草甸 —— 每一种都在维持生态平衡中发挥着独特作用。由a small ancient pine forest, a patch of bushes growing on metal-rich soil, and a grassy meadow可知，空格处表示“未被记录的”，是unrecorded。 6．考查定语从句。句意：同时，团队还发现了三种此前未被记录的植被类型 —— 一片小型古松林、一片生长在富含金属土壤上的灌木丛，以及山东麓每到雨季就会被淹没的草甸 —— 每一种都在维持生态平衡中发挥着独特作用。此处是“介词+which/whom”引导非限制性定语从句，先行词vegetation types是物，因此空格处用which。 7．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：截至目前，在苍山附近的光明村，村民陈加汝感受到了游客对了解苍山生态日益浓厚的兴趣。由To date可知，句子时态用现在完成时，主语Chen Jiaru是一个人，因此空格处是has sensed。 8．考查副词。句意：“有些游客专门来了解这里的自然环境，”他说，“我们村正在成为人们了解苍山生物多样性的窗口。”空格处用副词specifically修饰动词come，specifically意为“专门地”。 9．考查动名词。句意：村民们已经开始接待研学团体，提供导览徒步服务，并经常与来访的教育工作者合作，分享有关苍山植被的传统知识。空格处用动名词offering作begun的宾语，与hosting并列。 Passage B 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Most World Cup matches held in North America kick off late Beijing time, so late-night beer bars and seafood stalls all over Qingdao are packed with football fans. Loud cheers erupt whenever a goal 1 (score), and the coastal breeze carries the sweet smells of cold beer and roasted seafood through the night air. The World Cup has added fresh energy to Qingdao, a city 2 football, beer and seafood have long been inseparable. Local people say ordinary beer tastes smooth and light to drink, while 3 (fresh) made beer delivers richer, stronger flavors. However, fresh beer cannot be stored for long and has to be enjoyed immediately. Beer is 4 (centre) to Qingdao’s identity. Annual beer festivals, museums and brewery (酿酒) districts have helped make Qingdao 5 of China’s best-known tourist destinations. However, residents say that the 6 (essential) of the city’s beer culture lies in ordinary summer evenings rather than large events. Families dine outdoors, office workers drink beer after work, and fans stay up together for live games. When the late-night matches come to 7 end, people raise their glasses 8 (celebrate) excitedly about the wonderful moments of the games. As a city noted 9 beer, Qingdao has seen the World Cup naturally become part of its summer traditions 10 (build) around tasty food, cold drinks and heartfelt companionship. 【答案】 1．is scored 2．where 3．freshly 4．central 5．one 6．essence 7．an 8．to celebrate 9．for 10．built 【导语】文章主要讲述世界杯带动青岛夏夜烟火气，介绍啤酒在青岛城市文化与市民生活中的重要地位。 【详解】41．考查动词语态。句意：每当有进球时，就会爆发出响亮的欢呼声，海风在夜色中裹挟着冰啤酒与烤海鲜的香甜气息。根据erupt可知，whenever引导时间状语从句用一般现在时，主语a goal和score是被动关系；用一般现在时的被动语态，单数主语，谓语用is scored。 1．考查定语从句。句意：世界杯为青岛增添了新活力，在这座城市里，足球、啤酒与海鲜长久以来密不可分。本空引导定语从句，先行词为a city，关系词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导。 2．考查副词。句意：当地人说普通啤酒喝起来顺滑清淡，而现酿啤酒拥有更浓郁醇厚的风味。本空修饰动词made，作状语，用副词freshly。 3．考查形容词。句意：啤酒是青岛城市特色的核心。本空位于be动词后，用形容词central作表语，be central to...为固定搭配，意为“是……的核心”。 4．考查代词。句意：一年一度的啤酒节、啤酒博物馆以及酿酒厂区助力青岛成为中国最知名旅游目的地之一。one of...表示“……之一”，为固定结构。 5．考查名词。句意：然而，当地居民表示这座城市啤酒文化的精髓蕴藏在普通的夏夜，而非大型活动。本空为that引导的宾语从句的主语，用essential的名词形式essence“精髓，本质”。 6．考查冠词。句意：当深夜的比赛落下帷幕，人们举起酒杯，为比赛的精彩瞬间兴奋地庆祝。come to an end是固定短语，意为“结束”。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：当深夜的比赛落下帷幕，人们举起酒杯，为比赛的精彩瞬间兴奋地庆祝。本空作目的状语，用不定式to celebrate。 8．考查介词。句意：作为一座以啤酒闻名的城市，世界杯自然而然成为青岛夏日传统的一部分，这份传统围绕美食、冰饮与真挚情谊建立。be noted for为固定搭配，意为“因……而出名”，本空用介词for。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一座以啤酒闻名的城市，世界杯自然而然成为青岛夏日传统的一部分，这份传统围绕美食、冰饮与真挚情谊建立。traditions和build是被动关系，用过去分词built作后置定语。 Passage C 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Chinese Spring Festival 1 (regard) as the most significant festival of the year among the Chinese. There are 2 number of things people usually do before the Chinese Spring Festival. One of these is cleaning the house for the Lunar New Year. Dust makes people think of old or outdated things. 3 , sweeping dust out of the house is a way of saying goodbye to old things and welcoming new things. The most important custom is the big family dinner 4 the eve of the Lunar New Year. This is usually a big reunion of grandparents, parents, and children. It reflects 5 important family is to Chinese people around the world. Also, families typically eat certain lucky food at the family reunion dinner. Eating fish, for example, is supposed 6 (bring) more wealth and prosperity than one needs, as the 7 (pronounce) of “fish” in Chinese (yu) is also used for “surplus”. New Year activities include giving children lucky money in red envelopes, greeting with “Gongxi Facai,” and visiting relatives with gifts. Commonly 8 (exchange) gifts include food such as fruit, sticky rice cakes and homemade desserts. Additionally, friends and family go out to enjoy loud and colourful fireworks, spend time at temple fairs and watch exciting dragon and lion dances. The Chinese Spring Festival 9 (full) shows the values of love for family and hopes for a better future 10 Chinese people hold dear. 【答案】 1．is regarded 2．a 3．Therefore/Thus/Hence 4．on 5．how 6．to bring 7．pronunciation 8．exchanged 9．fully 10．that/ which 【导语】文章主要介绍了中国春节的节前准备习俗(如扫尘)、除夕夜的重头戏(年夜饭及其吉祥寓意)以及节日期间的各项庆祝活动。 【详解】51．考查动词时态和语态。句意：中国春节被认为是中国人一年中最重要的节日。空格处是谓语动词，句子的主语The Chinese Spring Festival与动词regard之间是被动关系，句子描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时的被动语态，结构为“is/am/are+过去分词”，主语是单数，所以填is regarded。 1．考查固定搭配。句意：在中国春节之前，人们通常会做很多事情。a number of是固定搭配，意为“许多；大量”，后接可数名词复数。 2．考查副词。句意：因此，把灰尘扫出房子是一种告别旧事物、迎接新事物的方式。空格前后是因果关系（灰尘代表旧事物，所以扫灰寓意辞旧迎新），需要用表示因果关系的副词，Therefore/Thus/Hence都表示“因此；所以”，符合语境。 3．考查介词。句意：最重要的习俗是农历新年前夜的大家庭聚餐。具体到某一天的前夕用介词on，此处是on the eve of the Lunar New Year (农历新年前夜)。 4．考查宾语从句引导词。句意：它反映了家庭对世界各地的中国人来说是多么重要。空格处引导宾语从句，在从句中修饰形容词important，表示“多么”，所以用how。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，吃鱼应该会带来超出需求的财富和繁荣，因为中文里“鱼”的发音(yu)也表示“余”(盈余)。be supposed to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“应该做某事；被期望做某事”，所以空格处填to bring。 6．考查名词。句意：同上。空格处作主语，需要用名词形式；pronounce是动词，其名词形式是pronunciation，表示“发音”。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：常见的交换礼物包括水果、年糕和自制甜点等食物。空格处应该用非谓语动词作定语，修饰名词gifts，名词gifts与动词exchange之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词exchanged作定语。 8．考查副词。句意：中国春节充分展现了中国人珍视的家庭观念和对美好未来的希望。空格处修饰动词shows，需要用副词形式；full是形容词，其副词形式是fully，表示“充分地；完全地”。 9．考查定语从句。句意：中国春节充分展现了中国人珍视的家庭观念和对美好未来的希望。空格处引导定语从句，先行词是the values of love for family and hopes for a better future，关系词在从句中作hold的宾语，所以用关系代词that/which。 Passage D 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In 2026, Chinese scientific researchers have made a major breakthrough in new energy technology. A new type of solar cell, 1 (develop) by scientists from Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, has broken multiple industry records for energy conversion efficiency recently. The core material of the solar cell is copper-zinc-tin-sulfur-selenium, 2 (offer) a low-cost and eco-friendly choice for global energy 3 (transform). The research team stuck firmly to their original research goal of developing affordable clean energy, making the technology suitable 4 (promote). Strict professional 5 (criterion) have been set for material performance and energy conversion to guarantee the practical value of the new technology. Over the past year, a large quantity of related experiments 6 (conduct) to optimize (优化) the material structure and improve energy utilization efficiency. To ensure the accuracy of the research data, professional participants from multiple domestic research institutions joined the project. They devoted months to adjusting technical settings 7 testing equipment. The outstanding achievements have won 8 (extend) international recognition and laid a solid foundation for China’s leading position in the global new energy industry. With global low-carbon development accelerating, this innovative technology is expected to be applied 9 a large scale in the next few years. The research team, 10 efforts have facilitated the upgrading of new energy industry, will continue to explore more efficient green technologies. 【答案】 1．developed 2．offering 3．transformation 4．to promote 5．criteria 6．has been conducted 7．and 8．extensive 9．on 10．whose 【导语】文章报道了2026年中国科研人员利用铜锌锡硫硒材料成功开发出打破多项效率纪录的新型太阳能电池，该技术兼具低成本与环保优势，已获得国际广泛认可，并有望在未来几年大规模应用。 【详解】61．考查非谓语动词。句意：由青岛生物能源与过程研究所科学家开发的一种新型太阳能电池，近日打破了多项能量转换效率的行业纪录。句子已有谓语has broken，空处是非谓语，作solar cell的后置定语，develop“研发”和A new type of solar cell逻辑上是被动关系，因此用过去分词形式developed。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：该太阳能电池的核心材料是铜锌锡硫硒，为全球能源转型提供了一种低成本、环保的选择。句子主干成分完整，空处为非谓语，offer“提供”和The core material逻辑上是主动关系，因此用现在分词形式offering，作状语。 2．考查名词。句意：该太阳能电池的核心材料是铜锌锡硫硒，为全球能源转型提供了一种低成本、环保的选择。空处作for的宾语，被global energy修饰，名词transformation符合题意，意为“转型”，是不可数名词。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：研究团队始终坚持开发可负担的清洁能源这一最初研究目标，使该技术适合推广。形容词suitable后常接不定式，表示“适合做某事”，且逻辑主语the technology与promote“推广”为动宾关系，用主动形式to promote表被动意义。 4．考查名词复数。句意：为了保证新技术的实用价值，已对材料性能和能量转换制定了严格的专业标准。空处作主语，被Strict professional修饰，根据谓语动词“have been set”可知，需用可数名词criterion“标准”的复数形式criteria。 5．考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：过去一年中，进行了大量相关实验，以优化材料结构并提高能源利用效率。空处作句子的谓语，结合“Over the past year”可知，时态应用现在完成时，表示过去的动作持续到现在，conduct“进行”和主语a large quantity of related experiments之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语中quantity为单数，助动词应用has。 6．考查连词。句意：他们花费了数月时间调整技术设置和测试设备。空处连接两个并列的动名词短语adjusting technical settings和testing equipment，应用并列连词and。 7．考查形容词。句意：这些杰出成就赢得了广泛的国际认可，并为中国在全球新能源产业中的领先地位奠定了坚实基础。空处修饰recognition的定语，形容词extensive符合题意，意为“广泛的”。 8．考查介词。句意：随着全球低碳发展的加速，这项创新技术有望在未来几年内大规模应用。on a large scale是固定短语，意为“大规模地”。 9．考查定语从句。句意：该研究团队的努力促进了新能源产业的升级，他们将继续探索更高效的绿色技术。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The research team，先行词在从句中作定语，和efforts之间是所属关系，应用关系代词whose作引导词。 Passage E 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China has conducted its first hot-water drilling (钻探) test in East Antarctica, 1 (reach) a record depth of 3,413 meters and surpassing the previous international record for the excavation (挖掘) method. Polar hot water drilling is used to study Earth’s former environmental changes, predict future climate trends, 2 explore the limits of life. Compared with traditional mechanical ice drilling, it can penetrate (穿透) deeper and more efficiently while causing minimal disturbance to the ice, making it 3 (easy) to access subglacial lakes and the bases of ice shelves. 4 (previous), the record depth reached by hot water drilling was 2,540 meters. 5 part of the 42nd Chinese Antarctic Expedition, the test demonstrated the application of a deep ice-sheet hot-water drilling system in Antarctica. By penetrating the ice sheet above the region’s Qilin Subglacial Lake, 6 is named for the mythical Chinese creature, the operation established a channel for future 7 (observe) of the lake, as well as water and sediment collection. Beyond the drilling test, the expedition is also advancing the construction and system optimization of China’s Qinling Station, 8 Antarctic research station. China dispatched its first Antarctic expedition team in November 1984 9 (conduct) comprehensive scientific research in Antarctica and the South Pacific. The following year, China 10 (complete) construction of its Great Wall Station on King George Island in West Antarctica, making it the 18th country to establish a scientific research station on the continent. 【答案】 1．reaching 2．and 3．easier 4．Previously 5．As 6．which 7．observations 8．an 9．to conduct 10．completed 【导语】文章主要报道了中国首次在南极洲东部进行热水钻探测试，刷新了该方法的国际深度纪录，并介绍了热水钻探的用途、优势以及意义。 【详解】71．考查非谓语动词。句意：中国在南极洲东部进行了首次热水钻探测试，达到了3413米的纪录深度，并超越了该钻探方法的此前国际纪录。句子的谓语是has conducted，空处和surpassing并列，为非谓语，reach“达到”和China逻辑上是主动关系，因此用现在分词形式reaching，作状语。 1．考查连词。句意：极地热水钻探用于研究地球过去的环境变化、预测未来气候趋势，以及探索生命的极限。空处连接三个并列的动词不定式to study...、predict...和explore...，在最后一个之前应用并列连词and。 2．考查形容词比较级。句意：与传统机械冰钻相比，它能钻得更深、更高效，同时对冰层扰动极小，从而使其更容易进入冰下湖和冰架底部。空处作宾语补足语，应用形容词，结合“Compared with traditional mechanical ice drilling”可知，此处含比较，指“更容易进入冰下湖和冰架底部”，所以用比较级easier。 3．考查副词。句意：此前，热水钻探达到的纪录深度是2540米。空处修饰整个句子，应用副词previously作状语，意为“此前”，句首单词的首字母需大写。 4．考查介词。句意：作为中国第42次南极考察的一部分，此次测试展示了深冰盖热水钻探系统在南极的应用。结合“the test”可知，此处介绍该测试的身份，固定搭配as part of符合题意，意为“作为……的一部分”，句首单词的首字母需大写。 5．考查定语从句。句意：通过钻穿该区域麒麟冰下湖上方的冰盖——该湖以传说中的中国神兽命名——此次作业为未来观测该湖以及采集水和沉积物建立了一条通道。空处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词Qilin Subglacial Lake作补充说明，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which作引导词。 6．考查名词复数。句意：通过钻穿该区域麒麟冰下湖上方的冰盖——该湖以传说中的中国神兽命名——此次作业为未来观测该湖以及采集水和沉积物建立了一条通道。空处被future修饰，作for的宾语，名词observation符合题意，意为“观察，观测”，宜用复数形式observations表示“未来的多次观测活动”。 7．考查冠词。句意：除了钻探测试，本次考察还在推进中国一所南极研究站——秦岭站的建设与系统优化。空处是同位语，表示泛指，意为“一个南极研究站”，应用不定冠词，且Antarctic的发音以元音音素开头，应用an。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：中国于1984年11月派出了首支南极考察队，以开展对南极和南太平洋的综合性科学研究。句子已有谓语dispatched，空处是非谓语，“开展综合性科学研究”是谓语行为的目的，因此用不定式形式to conduct，作目的状语。 9．考查动词时态。句意：次年，中国完成了位于西南极乔治王岛的长城站建设，成为第18个在南极大陆建立科学考察站的国家。空处作句子的谓语，根据时间状语“The following year”可知，此处在叙述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时，所以用过去式completed。 $第05讲 选择性必修第二册 词汇考点 目录 2 8 9 考点一 unit 1~unit 4 核心词汇 12 知识点1 核心单词知变形 12 知识点2　核心单词知拼写 21 考点二 unit 1~unit 4 阅读词汇 25 知识点1 阅读单词知词义 25 知识点2 核心短语知辨析 28 33 一、 真题实战 33 二、 命题演练 35 单元 核心词汇 阅读词汇 Unit 1 The mass media critical, trap, release, extend, construction, minor, automatic, investigate, journalist, priority, contradict, instance, differ, conclusion, false, minimum, maximum, sum, accurate, committed, discrimination, curiosity, journalism, citizen, found, politics, accuse, tax, mount, elevation, profession, drama, scholar, category, nevertheless, witness, edition, platform, interaction, membership, chart, broadcast, advertising, persuasion, persuade, advertisement, channel, peak, advertise, boost, psychology, purchase, memorable, slogan, brand, ambassador, placement, rating, sponsor, absorb, discount, tailor, housing, estate, amuse factual, extension, construction, automatic, contradictory, difference, commitment, curious, profession, scholar, broadcast, psychology, memorable, ambassador, absorb, discount Unit 2 Sports culture solidarity, participate, compete, racial, diverse, joint, motivate, motto, boundary, demonstrate, afterwards, proceed, flame, applaud, consistent, humanity, rank, trend, hurdle, selection, advent, faith, ambition, ascend, identical, fellow, relay, chest, cheek, amateur, ankle, gradually, session, limit, marathon, chairman, constitution, pour, celebrity, opponent, humility, grace, dignity, unselfish, idiom, league, opposing, net, insurance, salesman, complain, council, venue, handle, fist, waist, cruel, remark, towel, iron BCE, unintentionally, literally, faithful, ambitious, graduate, limitation, unlimited, oppose, selfish, complaint, intentional, intention, remarkable, literacy Unit 3 Fit for life surgeon, physician, chemist, dentist, specialize, gene, genome, cell, being, lifespan, affect, contract, virus, cancer, identify, relate, means, delete, restore, ultimately, abnormal, weapon, fundamental, pace, arise, restrict, prohibit game-changing, resistance, flu, characteristic, wrestle, debate, finding, ripe, withdraw, equip, artificial, limb, rubber, outgoing, grateful, disabled, conventional, leather, sensory, patent, fuel, disturb, tackle, adjust, centimeter, acupuncture, needle, evidence, solid, switch, stainless, steel, millimeter, clinic, examine, tongue, pulse, wrist, organ, severe, anxiety, abuse, alcohol, drug, tobacco, phenomenon, substance, widespread, bandage, infection, symbol Unit 4 Living with technology breakthrough, greedy, alternative, decrease, deny, quantity, spy, monitor, highlight, bury, practical, engage, optimistic, envy, input, capacity, massive, network, coin, autonomous, domestic, crime, pose, apparently, database, licence, contemporary, barrier, globe, analyse, finance, threaten, urge, legal castle, dispute, nomadic, law-abiding, abreast, drone, gender, hacker, fail-safe, immersive, clone, muscular, justified, headset, sensor, pub, state-of-the-art, distribution, airline, threat, illegal, stadium, fountain, recognition, warning, demand, detective, enforceable, governing, punishment, diverse, originate, sophisticated, abolish, amend, bullying, legislature, strive, conceivable, browse, impulse, penalty Unit ：1 The mass media 核心词汇考情： investigate：2025年全国新高考I卷完形填空第4题考查词义辨析，选项中出现investigated。完形中常与recognized（认出）、encountered（遇到）、recommended（推荐）等词形成辨析。表“调查、研究”，阅读中高频出现在调查、研究类话题。语法填空常考investigation（名词）及investigator（调查者）词性转换。 critical：2023年全国卷阅读理解中考查critical thinking。高考常考两种含义：一是“批判性的”（如critical thinking，2023年新高考I卷阅读C篇），二是“至关重要的、决定性的”（be critical to）。阅读中常与crucial、vital形成同义替换。完形填空中常作为态度题选项词出现。 release：高考真题中多次考查。2024年全国甲卷阅读理解中考查 “release the pain” 。表“释放、发布”，阅读中常出现在新闻媒体（release a statement/report）、药物缓解（release pain）等语境。语法填空常考released作过去分词或定语。 broadcast：2023年全国卷阅读理解（记叙文）中考查——作者成为学校广播员（school broadcaster）和广播记者（broadcast journalist）。语法填空考查被动语态 “be broadcast live” 。表“广播、播出”，新闻媒体类话题高频词。 psychology：2025年全国新高考II卷听力第4题考查——问男士的专业 “What is the man's major? A. Psychology.” 。阅读中常出现在心理研究类话题，表“心理学”。 accurate：2023年新课标全国I卷阅读理解（说明文）中出现。表“准确的、精确的”，阅读中常考查词义理解，与exact、precise形成同义替换。语法填空常考accuracy（名词）及accurately（副词）词性转换。 priority：高考真题中多次考查搭配 give priority to。完形中常与perspective（视角）、participation（参与）、privilege（特权）等词辨析。表“优先事项、优先权”，写作中常用于表达观点。 阅读词汇考情 appetite：2026年全国新高考I卷阅读B篇考查熟词生义——“the curiosity and the appetite”，本义为“食欲、胃口”，文中引申为“求知欲、渴望”。属于典型的“熟词生义”考点，考生需根据语境判断。 plain：2026年全国新高考I卷阅读C篇考查熟词生义—— “provide wildlife habitat along with just plain beauty” ，本义为“平原”，文中考查“纯粹的、简简单单的”。属于典型的“熟词生义”考点，考生需根据语境判断。 absorb：2026年全国新高考I卷阅读C篇考查—— “absorb carbon” 。表“吸收”，熟词生义可考“理解、消化”。语法填空常考absorbed（全神贯注的）及be absorbed in搭配。 concept：阅读高频词，表“概念”，在科技、文化类阅读中高频出现。语法填空常考conception（概念、观念）词性转换。2026年全国新高考II卷阅读C篇考查concept → conception词性转换。 preserve：2020年新高考II卷（海南卷）阅读理解中考查—— “People are now working to preserve the Everglades National Park for the future” 。环保与文化保护类话题核心动词，常与protect / conserve辨析考查。 generate：2026年全国新高考II卷阅读D篇考查派生词—— generate → regenerative。环保与能源类话题高频词，表“产生、生成”，常与energy / electricity / waste等搭配。语法填空常考generation / regenerative等派生形式。 命题趋势： 2026年全国新高考I卷阅读B篇和C篇集中考查了appetite（食欲→求知欲）、plain（平原→纯粹的）等熟词生义；2026年全国新高考II卷阅读D篇考查generate → regenerative词性转换；2020年新高考II卷（海南卷）考查preserve。建议在教学中重点强化熟词生义的语境推断训练，以及generate/generation/regenerative、accurate/accuracy等词性转换的专项练习。 Unit 2 Sports culture 核心词汇考情： participate：2024年北京卷语法填空考查 —— “Signing up for the programme does not automatically mean that you will be able to register and ______ (参加)” 。2022年新高考I卷完形中也考查了 “participated to the best of his ability” 。常考participate in搭配及participation/ participant词性转换。 motivate：2023年全国甲卷阅读中出现 motivated。2023年浙江1月卷考查非谓语动词motivated。完形中常与overcome、delay、shoulder等动词辨析。表“激励、激发”，常考motivated作形容词或过去分词，与demotivated形成对比。 compete：体育文化类话题核心动词。常考名词competition、competitor及形容词competitive。阅读中出现在体育赛事、商业竞争等语境。完形中常与participate形成同义替换。 demonstrate：阅读中常考词义理解，表“展示、证明、示威”。语法填空常考demonstration（名词）词性转换。完形中可与show、display、prove等词辨析。 consistent：高考阅读中常考查词义，表“一致的、始终如一的”。常考搭配 be consistent with（与……一致），与contradictory形成反义对比。语法填空常考consistency（名词）词性转换。 ambition：高考真题中多次考查。2018年浙江卷阅读中考查—— “what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck” 。表“雄心、抱负”，常考ambitious形容词词性转换。完形中可与goal、aspiration形成同义替换。 handle：高考阅读和完形中高频考查熟词生义。2021年全国乙卷 “If there is anything I feel I cannot handle, I'll call you.” 。2022年全国甲卷 “The way you handle chopsticks is important” 。名词表“把手”，动词表“处理、应付”。完形中可与deal with、cope with形成同义替换 阅读词汇考情： faithful：阅读中常出现在忠诚类话题，表“忠实的、忠诚的”。常考名词faith（信仰、信念）。完形中可与loyal、devoted形成同义替换。 gradually：阅读中常考副词词义，表“逐渐地”。常与slowly、step by step形成同义替换。语法填空考查副词位置。 limitation / unlimited：阅读中常出现在能力、资源限制类话题。limitation表“限制、局限”，unlimited表“无限的”。常考limit词性转换及派生词。 intention：2025年全国新高考I卷七选五中考查 intention。阅读中常考词义，表“意图”。常与purpose形成同义替换，与unintentional（无意的）形成反义对比。 inspire：2025年全国新高考I卷语法填空中考查 inspire。艺术、文化类话题高频动词，常考inspired（受启发的）作后置定语。表“赋予灵感、受到启发”，而非“激励”。 originate：2025年全国新高考I卷语法填空中考查 originate。阅读中常考搭配originate from（起源于、来自）。语法填空常考origin（名词）及original（形容词）词性转换。 命题趋势： 体育精神与个人成长是2020—2026年高考英语的重要考查方向。2024年北京卷考查participate；2023年全国甲卷阅读考查motivated；2023年浙江1月卷考查motivated；2025年全国新高考I卷七选五考查intention，语法填空考查inspire和originate。建议在教学中重点强化participate/participation、motivate/motivation、compete/competition/competitive等词性转换的专项练习。 Unit 3：Fit for life 核心词汇考情： surgeon：2023年全国乙卷阅读理解A篇（人物传记）中考查—— “She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, then joined the British Army.” 。阅读中需识别其职业含义，与physician（内科医生）形成区分。 physician：2023年全国乙卷阅读理解A篇中考查—— “Tan Yunxian was a Chinese physician” 。同篇阅读中多次出现，要求考生在语境中理解“医生、内科医师”的词义。 affect：高考完形和阅读中绝对高频词，表“影响”。常考名词effect及搭配have an effect on。完形中常与effect、influence形成词义辨析（affect为动词，effect为名词）。2024年北京卷语法填空考查 “As I was affected by the show” ，考查被动语态，表“被打动、被感染”。 identify：阅读中常考词义，表“识别、确认、鉴定”。语法填空常考identification（名词）及identity（身份）词性转换。完形中可与recognize、distinguish形成同义替换。 restrict：2018年天津卷阅读理解C篇考查—— “the Environmental Protection Agency restricted the type and amount of lead” 。阅读中常出现在环境、法律类话题，表“限制、约束”。常考搭配restrict...to...，与limit/ confine形成同义替换。 prohibit：高考真题中多次考查。语法填空常考prohibited（过去分词作表语/定语）及prohibition（名词）词性转换。完形中常与ban/ forbid形成同义替换，与permit/ allow形成反义对比。 fundamental： 2018年全国卷I七选五中考查—— “Color is fundamental in home design” 。阅读中常考词义，表“基本的、根本的”。常考搭配be fundamental to（对……至关重要） 阅读词汇考情： characteristic：2022年全国乙卷阅读理解中考查—— “Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact” 。表“特点、特征”，阅读中常与feature/ trait/ quality形成同义替换。 conventional：阅读中常考词义，表“传统的、常规的”。常与traditional形成同义替换，与innovative/ modern形成反义对比。 artificial：阅读中常考词义，表“人造的、人工的”。常出现在科技、AI类话题，与natural形成反义对比。常考搭配artificial intelligence（人工智能）。 severe：高考阅读中常考词义，表“严重的、严厉的”。常与serious形成同义替换。语法填空常考severely（副词）词性转换。 anxiety：2022年北京卷阅读理解中考查—— “I was troubled by an anxiety that crippled my ability” 。阅读中常出现在心理健康类话题，表“焦虑、担忧”。常考形容词anxious及搭配be anxious about。 命题趋势： 医疗健康与人物传记是2020—2026年高考英语的重要考查方向。2023年全国乙卷阅读A篇集中考查了surgeon、physician等医疗职业词汇；affect/effect的拼写与词性辨析是语法填空必考高频点；fundamental在2017-2018年真题中反复出现。建议在教学中重点强化：①surgeon与physician的职业区分（外科vs内科）；②restrict/prohibit/ban/forbid等近义动词的辨析；③affect/effect拼写及词性区分。 Unit 4： Living with technology 核心词汇考情： breakthrough：高考真题中多次考查名词词义。语法填空常考搭配 “achieve a major breakthrough in...” 。表“突破、重大进展”，常在科技、医学类阅读中出现。 alternative：2021年天津卷（第二次）单项填空中考查—— “choose a(n) alternative destination in case your first-choice tourist spot is not available” 。阅读中常考词义，表“替代的、可供选择的”。常考搭配alternative to，完形中常与option/ choice形成同义替换。 decrease：2022年全国乙卷阅读B篇中考查—— “sales decreased sharply” 。表“减少、下降”，与increase形成反义对比。语法填空常考decreasing（现在分词）及decreased（过去分词）形式。 capacity：高考阅读理解中高频考查，表“容量、能力”。常出现在数据描述类语篇，常考搭配seating capacity（座位容量）。 domestic：高考阅读中多次出现在“国内/国际对比”语境，表“国内的、家庭的”。常与international/ foreign形成反义对比。常考搭配domestic appliance（家用电器）、domestic flight（国内航班）。 threaten：高考语法填空与完形中多次考查，常考搭配threaten to do sth（威胁做某事）及threaten...with...（以……威胁）。语法填空常考threatened（过去分词/形容词）及threat（名词）词性转换。 urge：2023年新高考I卷语法填空考查 urge。常考搭配urge sb to do sth（敦促某人做某事）及have an urge to do sth（有强烈的欲望做某事）。名词形式urge表“强烈的欲望、冲动”。 legal：高考阅读中常考词义，表“合法的、法律的”，与illegal形成反义对比。常考搭配legal basis（法律依据）、legal system（法律体系）。语法填空常考legally（副词）及illegal（反义词）词性转换。 阅读词汇考情： contemporary：2020年全国卷II阅读理解中考查—— “contemporary art and family fun are brought together” 。表“当代的、现代的”，常与modern/ current形成同义替换。 abstract：2022年新高考I卷阅读理解中考查—— “abstract cognitive processes” 及 “abstract thinking” 。表“抽象的”，与concrete形成反义对比。阅读中常出现在艺术欣赏、认知科学类话题。 exhibition：2022年全国乙卷阅读理解A篇中考查—— “The Exhibition This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces” 。艺术、文化类阅读高频词，表“展览、展览会”。 opponent：2025年全国新高考I卷语法填空中考查—— “A decent winner always tries to beat the opponent by no more than one or two points” 。体育竞技类话题核心名词，阅读中常与rival/ competitor形成同义替换。 命题趋势： 科技与艺术、法律社会是2020—2026年高考英语的重要考查方向。2022年全国乙卷阅读A篇考查exhibition；2025年全国新高考I卷语法填空集中考查opponent、exhibition、contemporary、inspire、originate等词汇；2023年新高考I卷语法填空考查urge。建议在教学中重点强化：①科技类话题词汇（breakthrough/ alternative/ capacity/ domestic）的语境理解；②legal/illegal、origin/originate/original等词性转换及反义对比；③contemporary/modern/current、opponent/rival/competitor等阅读同义替换词组的积累 考点一 unit 1-unit 4 核心词汇 知识点1 核心单词知变形 【高考导航】 1.  (2022·新高考Ⅱ卷·阅读理解B) We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. 我们记者生活在一个叙事的新时代，拥有许多新的多媒体工具。 2. (2023·全国卷·阅读理解) I drew on the confidence I had gained from my years as a school broadcaster and from my success in selling myself as a broadcast journalist in the hopes of selling myself as a television reporter. 我汲取了从多年学校播音员经历中获得的自信，以及成功把自己推销为一名广播记者所积累的信心，希望以此把自己推销为一名电视记者。 3. (2020·新高考II卷·语法填空) Each volume in the set explores a wide range of material, explains the basic concepts of major applications of digital systems, and discusses the influences they have on everyday life. 这套书中的每一卷都探索了广泛的内容，解释了数字系统主要应用的基本概念，并讨论了它们对日常生活的影响。 4. (2024·新高考I卷·完形填空) I’ve been motivated — and demotivated — by other folks‘ achievements all my life. 我一生中都被别人的成就所激励——也曾因此失去动力。 5. (2023·新高考I卷·完形填空) On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. 10月11日，数百名跑者在明尼苏达州参加了一场越野赛。 6. (2024·新高考II卷·语法填空) Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare‘s birthplace. 两年后，一座六米高的亭子——灵感来自《牡丹亭》——在弗斯花园建成，距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程。 7. (2024·北京卷·语法填空) As I was affected by the show, I developed a deep love for Peking Opera.我被这场演出打动，对京剧产生了深深的热爱。 8. (2025·新高考I卷·语法填空) A decent winner always tries to beat the opponent by no more than one or two points. 一位体面的赢家总是试图以不超过一两分的优势击败对手。 Unit 1 1.critical adj.批评的,批判性的;关键的;危急的→critic n.批评家;评论家;评论员→critically adv.批判性地→criticism n.批评,指责→criticize vt.批评,批判 2.extend vi.& vt.延伸(距离);扩大;延长;伸展→extension n.拓展;延伸→extensive adj.广泛的;大量的 3.construction n.建筑,建造;建造物→construct v.建造→constructive adj.有建设性的 4.minor adj.轻微的,次要的→minority n.少数;少数人→[反义词]major adj.主要的;主修的→majority n.大多数;大多数人 5.bath n.洗澡,洗浴;浴缸,浴盆→bathe v.洗澡;给…洗澡 6.investigate vt.& vi.侦查,调查;研究→investigation n.调查 7.journalist n.新闻记者,新闻工作者→journalism n.新闻业,新闻工作→journal n.报纸,期刊 8.priority n.优先事项,首要事情;优先权,重点→prior adj.优先的,较重要的;在前面的;先前的→prioritize v.按优先顺序列出;优先考虑(处理)  9.contradict vt.相矛盾,相反;反驳,驳斥→contradiction n.矛盾;反驳→contradictory adj.相互矛盾的,对立的;不一致的 10.factual adj.事实的,真实的→factually adv.真实地→fact n.事实 11.differ vi.相异;意见相左→different adj.不同的→differently adv.不同地→difference n.不同之处 12.conclusion n.结论,推论;结束,结果;签订,达成→conclude v.推断,得出结论;终止,结束;签订,达成 13.accurate adj.正确无误的;精确的→accurately adv.准确地→accuracy n.精确度,准确性 14.committed adj.尽心尽力的→commitment n.献身,投入;承诺,许诺;花费 15.curiosity n.好奇心,求知欲;奇物,珍品→curious adj.好奇的 16.found vt.创建,创办;建立,兴建→foundation n.创建;基础;基金会 17.politics n.政治,政治事务;(个人的)政治观点,政见→political adj.政治的→politician n.政客 18.accuse vt.谴责,控诉→accusation n.指责,控诉 19.profession n.行业,职业;同行;宣称,声明→professional adj.专业的;职业的n.专业人员 20.drama n.戏剧;戏剧性事件→dramatic adj.戏剧性的;急剧的→dramatically adv.戏剧性地;急剧地 21.advertising n.广告活动,广告业→advertisement n.广告,启事;广告活动,广告宣传→ advertise vt.& vi.做广告,登广告;公布,征聘;展现,宣传 22.persuasion n.说服,劝说;信仰→persuade vt.说服;使信服 23.psychology n.心理,心理特征;心理学→psychological adj.心理的;精神上的→psychologist n.心理学家 24.memorable adj.难忘的,值得纪念的→memory n.记忆力,记性→memorize v.记住,熟记 25.placement n.放置;安置→place v.放置,安放;安置;使(人)处于某位置 26.amuse vt.(提供)消遣;逗笑→amusement n.娱乐,消遣→amusing adj.好玩的,让人发笑的→amused adj.被逗乐的,觉得好笑的 速效练笔 用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. The report was widely ________________ for its lack of evidence, and several leading ________________ wrote harsh ________________. (critical) 2. The deadline will be ________________ by two weeks to allow for more ________________ research, and the ________________ of the project is now under discussion. (extend) 3. The ________________ of the bridge took five years, and the engineers were thanked for their ________________ suggestions. (construct) 4. A small ________________ of students raised ________________ objections, but the ________________ of the class supported the proposal. (minor) 5. The mother ________________ the baby gently before putting him in the warm ________________. (bath) 6. The police have begun an official ________________ into the cause of the fire and will ________________ every possible lead. (investigate) 7. Before becoming a successful ________________, she studied ________________ and wrote for a medical ________________. (journal) 8. Safety must be our top ________________, so we should ________________ this issue over all others and complete the ________________ checks first. (priority) 9. His latest statement ________________ the evidence given earlier, and this obvious ________________ has left the public with ________________ impressions of the case. (contradict) 10. The essay should include only ________________ information, present it ________________, and distinguish ________________ from opinion. (fact) 11. The two theories ________________ greatly, and the main ________________ lies in how they explain the origin of the universe; each scientist also interprets the data ________________. (differ) 12. After reviewing all the evidence, the researchers ________________ that no single cause was responsible, and their ________________ was published yesterday. (conclude) 13. The witness gave an ________________ account of the incident, describing the events ________________ and with remarkable ________________. (accurate) 14. She is deeply ________________ to improving local education, and her ________________ has inspired many volunteers. (commit) 15. Out of ________________, the boy opened the old box, ________________ to discover what was inside. (curious) 16. The university was ________________ in 1898, and its strong academic ________________ has attracted students worldwide. (found) Unit 2 1.participate vi.参加,参与→participation n.参加,参与→participant n.参加者,参与者 2.compete vi.参加比赛;竞争→competition n.比赛;竞争→competitor n.竞争者;对手→ competitive adj.有竞争力的 3.racial adj.种族的;种族间的→race n.人种,种族;民族;赛跑,速度竞赛 v.(使)快速移动;参加比赛 4.diverse adj.多种多样的,不同的→diversity n.多样性 5.motivate vt.激励,激发;成为…的动机,是…的原因→motivation n.动力,积极性;动机,原因 6.demonstrate vt.表现,表露;证实,证明;示范,演示 vi.游行示威→demonstration n.展现;示范;证明;游行示威 7.applaud vt.& vi.称赞,赞许;鼓掌→applause n.掌声 8.consistent adj.一致的,始终如一的;连续的→consistently adv.连贯地;坚持地→consistency n.连贯性;一致性→consist vi.由…组成(或构成);在于 9.election n.选举,推选;当选→elect vt.选举;选择→elective adj.选举的;可选择的 10.faith n.信心;宗教信仰→faithful adj.忠诚的;可靠的→faithfully adv.忠诚地;如实地; 虔诚地 11.ambition n.追求的目标,夙愿;野心,雄心,壮志→ambitious adj.有野心的;有抱负的 12.identical adj.完全同样的→identity n.身份;同一性;一致→identically adv.同一地;相等地 13.limit n.限度,限制;限量,限额;界限vt.限制,限定;限量,减量→limited adj.有限的→ limitless adj.无限的→unlimited adj.无限制的;无条件的→limitation n.限制;局限性 14.celebrity n.名人;名望→celebrated adj.著名的 15.grace n.高雅,文雅;优美;风度,体面→graceful adj.优雅的,优美的→gracefully adv.优雅地,雅致地 16.unselfish adj.无私的,忘我的→[同义词] selfless adj.无私的→[反义词] selfish adj.自私的 17.opposing adj.对抗的;相反的→opposed adj.截然不同的;强烈反对的→oppose v.反对;与…对抗 18.insurance n.保险业;保险;保险费→insure vt.为…投保→insurer n.保险公司 19.complain vi.& vt.抱怨,投诉→complaint n.抱怨,牢骚;投诉 20.unintentionally adv.无意地,非故意地→unintentional adj.无意的,非故意的,偶然的→ intentionally adv.有意地,故意地→intentional adj.故意的,有意的,存心的,蓄意的→intention n.意图,目的,计划→intend v.打算;计划 21.cruel adj.刻毒伤人的,残酷的→cruelty n.(尤指蓄意的)残酷;残暴 22.remark n.谈论,言论 vi.& vt.说起,评论→remarkable adj.非凡的;显著的;引人注目的→ remarkably adv.惊人地 23.literally adv.真正地,确实地;按字面,字面上→literal adj.字面的;缺乏想象的;不夸张的→ literacy n.读写能力 速效练笔 用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. Not until the renowned _____________ had spent a decade ___________ this symphony did its intricate ___________ finally gain recognition. (compose) 2. ___________, the seemingly minor incident escalated into a __________ event, turning the whole affair into a real-life ___________ (drama). 3. The abandoned industrial site, ____________ into a vibrant cultural center, has undergone a remarkable ____________ that few had anticipated. (transform) 4. The ___________ of innovative teaching methods with traditional ones, when ____________ with students’ active engagement, has produced surprisingly positive outcomes. (combine) 5. ___________ by breathtaking scenery, the remote village, whose peaceful _____________are largely unspoiled, attracts nature lovers from afar. (surround) 6. The critically acclaimed film was ___________from the bestselling novel, and the screenwriter’s skillful _____________ was praised for remaining faithful while also being highly ____________ (adapt). 7. A lifelong ______________, he firmly believed that the principles of __________ would eventually bring equality to all. (communist) 8. The soldiers, determined to fight in ___________ of their homeland, built a __________ barrier that proved impenetrable. (defend) 9. Upon entering the hall, the distinguished guests were warmly ___________ by the host, whose gracious __________ set a friendly tone for the evening. (greet) 10. Although the job seemed ___________ for her qualifications, she wondered whether the company culture would be __________ to her personality as well. (suit) 11. The band has __________ three albums to date, and their latest ___________, which won multiple awards, has broken all previous sales records. (record) 12. Having grown increasingly ___________ over the years, they now find the emotional __________ between them almost impossible to bridge. (distant) 13. After the grueling climb, she was completely _______ and ________ heavily for several minutes. (breath) 14. He ___________ arrives punctually, but on that particular morning he was ___________late, an ____________ occurrence that sparked concern. (usual) 15. The unexpected resignation of the manager further __________an already ____________ situation, adding yet another ___________to the negotiations. (complicate) 16. Contrary to all ____________, the team delivered an __________ victory, one that nobody had ____________ possible. (expect) Unit 3 1.surgeon n.外科医生→surgery n.外科手术→surgical adj.外科的 2.physician n.医师,内科医生→physical adj.身体的;物理的→physicist n.物理学家 3.chemist n.药剂师,药商;化学家→chemistry n.化学→chemical adj.化学的→chemical(s) n.化学物质 4.specialize (also specialise) vi.专门研究(或从事),专攻→special adj.特殊的;专门的→specially adv.特殊地;专门地→specialist n.专家;专科医生→specialty n.专业,专长;特产 5.affect vt.影响;侵袭,使感染;深深打动→affection n.喜爱,钟爱→affectionate adj.深情的;表达爱意的→effect n.影响;效果 6.identify vt.找到,发现;确认,认出;显示,说明身份;鉴定→identity n.身份→identification n.鉴定;辨认;身份证明→identical adj.完全同样的 7.relate vi.& vt.联系,使有联系;叙述,讲述→related adj.有关系的,相关的→relative n.亲戚→relation n.关系; (事物之间的)关联→relationship n.关系 8.abnormal adj.反常的,畸形的→[反义词]normal adj.正常的 9.restrict vt.限制,限定;束缚,妨碍;约束,管束→restricted adj.有限的;受限的;受约束的→restriction n.限制;约束 10.prohibit vt.(尤指以法令)禁止;使不可能;阻止;不准→prohibition n.(尤指以法令)禁止;禁令 11.resistance n.抵抗力;抵制,反对;抵抗,反抗→resistant adj.对…有抵抗力的;抵制的→resist v.抵制,阻挡→resistible adj.可抵制的→[反义词]irresistible adj.难以抵制的 12.characteristic n.特征,特点;特性 adj.典型的,独特的→character n.特性;性格;人物;文字 13.ripe adj.成熟的;时机成熟的→ripen v.成熟;使成熟→ripeness n.成熟 14.withdraw vi.& vt.(withdrew,withdrawn) 脱离(社会),不与人交往;(使)撤回;(使)退出;停止提供→withdrawal n.撤走;收回;取款 15.equip vt.配备;使有能力→equipment n.装备;设备,器材;配备 16.grateful adj.感激的,表示感谢的→gratitude n.感激;感激之情→ungrateful adj.忘恩负义的;徒劳的→gratefully adv.感激地→ungratefully adv.忘恩负义地 17.disabled adj.有残疾的,丧失能力的→disability n.缺陷,障碍 18.conventional adj.传统的,习惯的;依照惯例的,遵循习俗的→convention n.传统 19.sensory adj.感觉的,感官的→sense n.感官 v.感觉到→sensible adj.理智的,明智的→sensitive adj.敏感的 20.disturb vt.使不安;打扰;搅乱→disturbing adj.令人不安的;引起烦恼的→disturbed adj.感到烦恼的,心烦意乱的→disturbance n.干扰;骚乱;失调,紊乱 21.adjust vt.& vi.调整,调节;适应,习惯;整理→adjustment n.调整;调节;适应→adjustable adj.可调节的 22.evidence n.证据,证明;物证,人证 vt.证明,表明→evident adj.明显的,清楚的→evidently adv.明显地 23.examine vt.检查,检验;审查,调查;考,测试;审问→examination n.考试;审查;检查 24.organ n.器官;风琴;机构,机关→organize vt.组织→organization n.组织 25.severe adj.十分严重的,极为恶劣的;严厉的;艰难的→severely adv.严重地→severity n.严重性 26.anxiety n.焦虑;担心;渴望→anxious adj.焦虑的 27.symbol n.象征;符号,代号→symbolize vt.象征 28.infection n.传染,感染→infect vt.使感染;传染→infectious adj.传染性的;有感染力的 速效练笔 用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. The doctor finally ________________ (identify) the cause of the illness, which had ________________ (affect) the patient's nervous system, and the symptoms were closely ________________ (relate) to stress. 2. Parents often worry that ________________ (normal) behavior may be caused by too many ________________ (restrict) and the ________________ (prohibit) of outdoor activities. 3. The bacteria have become ________________ (resist) to antibiotics, a ________________ (character) that makes treatment difficult; the ________________ (ripe) of new technology offers hope. 4. The sudden ________________ (withdraw) of troops left the base poorly ________________ (equip), and the soldiers expressed their ________________ (grateful) to the villagers. 5. People with ________________ (disabled) often face barriers in ________________ (convention) buildings, which lack proper ________________ (sense) aids such as tactile paving. 6. The ________________ (disturb) noise from the construction site forced her to make a quick ________________ (adjust) to her schedule; it was ________________ (evidence) that she was feeling stressed. 7. After a thorough ________________ (examine), the doctor discovered that the patient's ________________ (organ) were ________________ (severe) damaged. 8. The constant worry caused her great ________________ (anxious), and the red spots were ________________ (symbol) of a possible ________________ (infect). 9. She decided to ________________ (special) in sports medicine, and her active ________________ (participate) in research made her one of the most respected ________________ (specialist) in the field. 10. The ________________ (compete) among the athletes was fierce, but the ________________ (diverse) of the training program ________________ (motivate) them to improve. 11. The scientist ________________ (demonstrate) the new device, and the audience gave a round of ________________ (applaud); she has ________________ (consistent) followed the same procedure. 12. After winning the ________________ (elect), the new mayor promised to fulfill her ________________ (ambition) goals, and the voters placed great ________________ (faithful) in her. 13. The twins look almost ________________ (identity), but their talents are not ________________ (limit); one became a well-known ________________ (celebrated). 14. She handled the criticism ________________ (grace), and her ________________ (selfish) dedication earned respect even from those ________________ (oppose) to her ideas. 15. The company offers health ________________ (insure) to all employees, but some still ________________ (complaint) about the coverage, although the errors in the policy were made ________________ (intention). 16. Her ________________ (cruelty) words were harsh ________________ (remark) on his performance, and he took them ________________ (literal), feeling deeply hurt. Unit 4 1.capacity n.领悟(或理解、办事)能力;容量,容积;职位,职责;生产量→capable adj.有能力的;有本领的;能干的;可以…的;容许…的 2.analyse(AmE analyze) vt.分析→analysis n.分析→analyses n.(pl.)分析→analyst n.分析者;化验员→analytical adj.分析性的;善于分析的 3.finance n.财政,金融;资金;财力,财务管理 vt.提供资金→financial adj.财政上的;金融的→ financially adv.财政上地 4.threaten vt.危及,对…构成威胁;威胁,恐吓→threat n.构成威胁的人(或事物);威胁,恐吓;凶兆→threatening adj.恐吓的;具有威胁的→threatened adj.受到威胁的 5.commit vt.犯(罪);承诺,保证;花(钱或时间) vi.全心全意投入,忠于→commitment n.献身,投入;承诺,许诺;花费→committed adj.尽心尽力的;坚定的 6.crime n.罪,罪行;犯罪活动→criminal n.罪犯 adj.犯罪的 7.murder vt.& n.谋杀,凶杀→murderer n.凶手 8.urge vt.敦促,催促;大力推荐,竭力主张;驱赶,鞭策 n.冲动,强烈的欲望→urgent adj.紧急的;迫切的→urgency n.紧急;紧急情况→urgently adv.紧急地 9.apparently adv.显然,可见→apparent adj.显而易见的 10.demand vt.需要;强烈要求 n.要求,所需之物;需求,需要→demanding adj.要求高的;费力的;苛刻的 11.greedy adj.贪心的,贪婪的→greed n.贪婪,贪欲→greedily adv.贪婪地 12.recognition n.识别,认出;承认,认可;赞誉,赏识→recognize v.识别;意识到;承认,认可→ recognizable adj.可识别的;能认出的 13.distribution n.分发,分送;分配,分布→distribute v.分发;分配;分销 14.predict vt.预言,预告→prediction n.预言,预测→predictable adj.可预测的→unpredictable adj.不可预测的 15.deny vt.否认,否定;拒绝承认,拒绝接受→undeniable adj.不可否认的→denial n.否认 16.illegal adj.不合法的,非法的→[反义词] legal adj.合法的→legally adv.合法地 17.muscular adj.肌肉的;强壮的→muscle n.肌肉 18.conclude vt.& vi.断定,推断出;达成,订立;(使)结束,终止→conclusion n.结论;结束;签订,达成 19.justified adj.合乎情理的,事出有因的;有正当理由的→justify vt.证明…正确;对…做出解释;为…辩护→just adj.公正的→justification n.正当理由 20.definition n.定义;释义,解释→define vt.给…下定义;解释…的含义;明确;界定→definitely adv.确定地,一定地 21.practical adj.实际的,真实的;切实可行的;有用的;实事求是的→practice n.实践;惯例;习俗 v.练习,训练 22.engage vt.& vi.吸引住(注意力、兴趣);雇用,聘用;与…建立密切关系→engagement n.约会;订婚;战斗;雇用→engaged adj.忙碌的;占线的;已订婚的→engaging adj.迷人的,令人愉快的 23.optimistic adj.乐观的,抱乐观看法的→optimism n.乐观,乐观主义→optimist n.乐观主义者→[反义词]pessimistic adj.悲观的 24.annoy vt.使恼怒,使生气;打扰,骚扰→annoyed adj.生气的,恼怒的;烦恼的→annoying adj.令人生气的,惹人恼怒的→annoyance n.恼怒,生气,烦恼;使人烦恼的事 25.globe n.球体,球状物;地球仪;地球,世界→global adj.全球的;球形的→globalize v.使全球化→globalization n.全球化 26.expense n.费用;开销;开支→expensive adj.昂贵的→[反义词]inexpensive adj.不昂贵的 27.envy n.& vt.羡慕,忌妒→envious adj.嫉妒的,羡慕的 速效练笔 用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. The new stadium has a seating ________________ (capacity) of 80,000, and the organizers are ________________ (optimism) about ticket sales because experts have ________________ (predict) a record attendance. 2. After a detailed ________________ (analyse) of the data, the financial ________________ (analyse) came to the ________________ (conclude) that the company was in serious trouble. 3. The company's ________________ (finance) problems have ________________ (threat) its survival, and the board is seeking ________________ (finance) support from investors. 4. He ________________ (commit) a serious ________________ (crime) and was sentenced as a ________________ (crime) by the court. 5. The doctor ________________ (urge) the patient to seek ________________ (urge) medical attention, as the situation was extremely ________________ (demand). 6. It became ________________ (apparent) that his ________________ (greedy) for power knew no bounds, and his talent finally gained international ________________ (recognize). 7. The weather forecast ________________ (predict) heavy snow, which would seriously affect the ________________ (distribute) of supplies; the authorities could not ________________ (deny) the potential crisis. 8. The bodybuilder's ________________ (muscle) strength was impressive, and the court ________________ (conclude) that his actions were ________________ (legal). 9. The teacher asked students to ________________ (definition) the term, and she could not ________________ (justify) why such an unpractical idea was considered ________________ (practice). 10. The ________________ (engage) speaker kept the audience fully ________________ (engage), and despite some ________________ (annoy) interruptions, she remained ________________ (optimism). 11. The ________________ (globe) economic crisis led to a rise in living ________________ (expense), and many people looked at the wealthy with ________________ (envy). 12. The suspect continued to ________________ (deny) any involvement in the ________________ (legal) activity, but the evidence was ________________ (deny), leaving no room for doubt. 13. The job is highly ________________ (demand) and requires a person with great ________________ (capacity) and a strong ________________ (commit) to excellence. 14. After ________________ (analyse) the trends, economists ________________ (predict) a recession, and their ________________ (conclude) was supported by the data. 15. The new policy poses a serious ________________ (threat) to small businesses, which are less ________________ (capable) of absorbing ________________ (finance) shocks. 知识点2　核心单词知拼写 Unit 1 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.trap　 vt.使落入险境;卡住,绊住n.陷阱,罗网;圈套;困境,牢笼 2.release vt.发布;释放;松开;发泄n.释放;发行;排放,泄漏 3.scream vi.& vt.尖叫;高声喊;发出大而尖的声音n.尖叫,尖锐刺耳的声音 4.bark vi.(狗)吠叫vt.厉声发令n.(狗)吠声;短促响亮的人声;树皮 5.choke vt.& vi.(使)窒息;(使)哽咽,(尤指感情激动而)说不出话来 6.instance n.例子,事例 7.false adj.错误的,不真实的;非天生的;假的,伪造的;不真诚的 8.sum n.金额,款项;总和,总数;全部 9.citizen n.公民;市民,居民 10.tax n.税,税款vt.对…征税,使纳税 11.mount vi.逐步增加vt.攀登,爬上n.山 12.nevertheless adv.尽管如此 13.witness vt.& vi.是发生…的时间(或地点),见证;目击;作证;是…的迹象n.目击者,见证人;证人 14.edition n.版本;一份,一期;版次 15.chart n.图表;海图;(the charts)排行榜vt.记录;制订计划;绘制区域地图 16.broadcast n.广播节目,电视节目vi.& vt.(broadcast,broadcast)播送,广播;散布,传播 17.channel n.途径,渠道;电视台;频道;方法;水渠 18.peak adj.高峰时期的,最高度的n.顶峰,高峰;山峰;尖端vi.达到高峰,达到最高值 19.boost vt.使增长,使兴旺n.增长,提高;帮助,激励 20.purchase vt.买,购买n.购买,采购;购买的东西,购买项目 21.brand n.品牌;类型;烙印 22.rating n.收视率;等级,级别 23.absorb vt.理解,掌握;吸收;吸引全部注意力 24.discount n.折扣vt.打折出售 25.tailor vt.专门制作,定做n.裁缝 26.housing n.住房,住宅 短文故事识记 一位普通的 __________（公民）李先生，深夜在电视 __________（频道）上看到一则 __________（广播节目），声称某 __________（品牌）的 __________（住房）项目正以巨大 __________（折扣）出售。他心动了，决定 __________（购买）一套。然而，这其实是一个利用 __________（虚假的）广告精心设计的 __________（陷阱）。他支付了一大笔 __________（金额），却还要被额外征收高额 __________（税）。当发现问题后，他试图退款，但压力不断__________ （增加）。__________（尽管如此），他并没有放弃。他联系了记者，成为了关键 __________（目击者），并在社交媒体上 __________（发布）了一段视频。视频中他 __________（尖叫）着揭露真相，旁边的狗不停地 __________（吠叫），他激动得几乎 __________（哽咽）。这起事件成为了消费者维权的典型 __________（例子）。媒体报道后，相关新闻的 __________（收视率）达到了 __________（高峰），极大地 __________（提升）了公众的警惕性。专家们在 __________（图表）中展示了数据，最新一期的报纸 __________（版本）也进行了深度报道。观众们开始 __________（吸收）这些信息，并呼吁政府为消费者 __________（专门制定）更严格的法律。 Unit 2 1.solidarity　n.团结,齐心协力 2.joint adj.联合的,共同的n.关节;接合处 3.motto n.(pl.mottoes,mottos) 格言,座右铭 4.afterwards (also afterward) adv.以后,后来 5.proceed vi.接着做,继而做;继续从事(或进行);行进,前往 6.flame n.火焰,火舌 7.rank vi.& vt.属于某等级,把…分等级;排列,使排成行n.地位,级别;等级;排,列;军衔 8.trend n.趋势,趋向 9.fellow adj.同伴的,同情况的,同类的n.同辈,同类;男人,家伙 10.relay n.接力赛vt.转发(信息、消息等);播放,转播 11.chest n.胸部;大箱子 12.cheek n.面颊,脸颊 13.ankle n.踝,踝关节 14.gradually adv.逐渐地,逐步地 15.pour vt.& vi.倒,斟;倾倒,倒出;涌流,倾泻;下大雨 16.humility n.谦逊,谦虚 17.dignity n.尊严;自尊;高贵 18.idiom n.习语,成语 19.league n.联赛;等级,级别 20.net n.球门网;网,网状物 21.salesman n.售货员,推销员 22.handle vt.处理,应付;控制,操纵n.把手,拉手;柄 23.fist n.拳,拳头 24.waist n.腰,腰部;(衣服的)腰部 25.towel n.毛巾,抹布,纸巾 26.iron n.铁;熨斗 vt.& vi.(用熨斗)熨,烫平 短文故事识记 在学校体育 __________（联赛）中，我们班参加了4×100米 __________（接力赛）。赛前，大家展现出高度的 __________（团结），我们的 __________（共同的）信念是“团结就是力量”，这成了我们的 __________（座右铭）。比赛开始后，第一棒选手迅速 __________（行进）到弯道，却不慎扭伤了 __________（踝关节）。但他 __________（逐渐地）站起来，咬牙坚持把棒交给了他的__________ （同伴的）队友。（后来），他在场边用 __________（毛巾）擦拭 __________（面颊）上的汗水，并冰敷 __________（腰部）和 __________（胸部）的伤痛。看台上，同学们的加油声如 __________（火焰）般热烈，欢呼声 __________（涌流）而出。最终，我们队在 __________（排名）中位列第三。虽然没有夺冠，但大家展现了 __________（谦逊）和 __________（尊严）。教练说，体育的 __________（趋势）是重视团队精神，而不是个人英雄。他引用了一句 __________（习语）：“独木不成林。” 这次经历让我学会如何 __________（处理）压力和挫折。赛后，一位 __________（推销员）来推销运动装备，我摸了摸自己 __________（拳头）上的伤痕，微笑着拒绝了。回家后，我用 __________（熨斗）把队服 __________（熨）平。我望着窗外足球场上的 __________（网），心中充满感慨。 Unit 3 1.dentist　n.牙科医生 2.gene n.基因 3.game-changing adj.改变游戏规则的(指彻底改变事态发展的) 4.cell n.细胞 5.being n.生物;存在;身心 6.contract vt.感染(疾病);与…订立合同(或契约)n.合同,合约 7.virus n.病毒;(计算机程序中的)病毒 8.cancer n.癌症;邪恶,毒瘤 9.means n.(pl.means)方法,方式;财富,钱财 10.delete vt.删去,删除 11.restore vt.恢复;修复;使复原,使复位 12.ultimately adv.最终;根本上 13.weapon n.武器,手段;兵器 14.pace n.发生的速度,节奏;步速;快节奏vi.& vt.来回踱步,走来走去;确定速度,调整节奏 15.arise vi.(arose,arisen)发生,出现; (由…)引起,(因…)产生 16.wrestle vi.& vt.奋力对付,努力处理;摔跤 17.debate vt.& vi.讨论,辩论;仔细考虑,思考n.讨论,争论;辩论 18.finding n.调查发现,调研结果 19.outgoing adj.外向的 20.leather n.皮革 21.fuel vt.增加,刺激;给…提供燃料n.燃料 22.tackle vt.应付,处理,解决 23.head-on adv.积极地,果断地;正面相撞地adj.迎头相撞的;正面反对的 24.needle n.针;注射针;指针 25.solid adj.实心的;固体的;结实的;纯色的 26.switch vi.& vt.转变;交换;调班n.开关,闸;转变,改变 27.steel n.钢;钢铁工业 28.clinic n.私人诊所;门诊部;门诊时间 29.abuse vt.滥用;虐待;辱骂 n.滥用;虐待;辱骂 30.drug n.毒品;药物 31.phenomenon n.(pl.phenomena)现象 32.substance n.物质;要点 33.widespread adj.分布广的,普遍的,广泛的 34.department n.(医院的)科,部门,局,系 短文故事识记 在一家医院的 __________（部门）里，一位 __________（牙科医生）发现了一种新型 __________（病毒），它能够攻击人体 __________（细胞），甚至引发 __________（癌症）。这种病毒的传播十分 __________（广泛），成为全球公共卫生领域的严重 __________（现象）。科学家研究发现，这种病毒的 __________（基因）结构特殊，可能通过某种 __________（物质）传播，并与 __________（药物） __________（滥用）密切相关。为了尽快 __________（处理）危机，研究团队决定 __________（转变）思路，采用一项 __________（改变游戏规则的）技术。他们使用特制 __________（针）提取样本，放入 __________（实心的） __________（钢）制容器中分析。经过反复试验，团队终于找到了有效 __________（方法）来 __________（删除）病毒中的致命片段，从而 __________（恢复）细胞的正常功能。然而，研究过程中也 __________（出现）了许多困难，科学家们不得不 __________（奋力对付）来自伦理与科学的激烈 __________（辩论）。最终，他们的 __________（调查发现）证明该疗法能 __________（最终）消灭病毒，成为人类对抗疾病的强大 __________（武器）。这项成果极大地 __________（刺激）了全球医学研究，许多 __________（诊所）开始推广应用。与此同时，社会上仍存在一些不良 __________（现象），如有人 __________（滥用） __________（毒品），还有人因不洁环境 __________（感染）了其他疾病。专家呼吁公众保持健康的 （节奏），（积极地）面对健康问题。一位 __________（外向的）志愿者穿着 __________（皮革）外套参与宣传，告诉大家每一个 __________（生物）都值得被尊重。医院也延长了 __________（门诊时间），并提醒市民不要轻信来路不明的保健品 __________（合同）。最终人们明白，健康才是人生最大的 __________（财富）。 Unit 4 1.castle　n.城堡 2.input n.输入的信息;投入 vt.(input,input)输入(信息) 3.massive adj.巨大的,大而重的;非常严重的 4.network n.网络,网状系统;关系网,人际网;(互联)网络 5.coin vt.创造(新词语) 6.breakthrough n.重大进展,突破 adj.突破性的 7.domestic adj.家庭的,家用的;本国的,国内的 8. pose vt.造成,产生;提问,质询 vi.摆好姿势n.姿势 9.warning n.警告,先兆;警戒 10.victim n.受害者,牺牲品;受骗者;祭品 11. alternative n.可供选择的事物adj.可供替代的;非传统的 12.decrease vt.& vi.减少,降低n.减少,降低 13.quantity n.数量;大量 14.spy vi.从事间谍活动vt.突然看见n.间谍 15.monitor vt.监视,跟踪调查;监听n.显示屏;监测器;班长 16.stadium n.体育场,运动场 17.highlight n.最好(或最精彩)的部分vt.突出,强调;使醒目 18.bury vt.埋藏;埋葬,安葬;覆盖;遮盖;使陷入 19.seed n.种子;起源,起因 20.wheat n.小麦,小麦粒 21.virtual adj.虚拟的,模拟的;很接近的,事实上的 22.twin n.双胞胎之一;一对相像的事物之一adj.双胞胎之一的;成对的,成双的 23.clone n.好像一模一样的人,复制品;克隆动物(或植物)vt.克隆,以无性繁殖技术复制 24.barrier n.障碍,阻力;屏障,障碍物;分界线,隔阂 25.initial adj.最初的,开始的n.首字母 26.weed n.杂草,野草 27.gender n.性别 短文故事识记 在一座古老的 __________（城堡）里，科研团队建立了一个现代化的 __________（网络）实验室。他们 __________（输入）了大量数据，希望解决 __________（国内的）粮食安全问题。团队 __________（创造）了一个新词“智慧农业”，并取得了 __________（突破性的）进展。然而，实验也 __________（造成）了一些风险。系统发出 __________（警告）：某种 __________（杂草）正在以 __________（巨大的）规模扩散，威胁 __________（小麦）的生长。这些作物成了潜在的 __________（受害者），而杂草成了它们生长的 __________（障碍）。科学家们找到了 __________（替代的）方法，通过 __________（虚拟的）模拟技术来 __________（监视）农田。他们发现，只要 __________（减少）化肥的 __________（数量），就能控制杂草，同时不伤害 __________（种子）。这一发现成为项目的 __________（亮点）。在 __________（体育场）举办的科学展上，一对 __________（双胞胎）学生展示了这个项目，他们 __________（最初的）目标是让农业更智能。专家们强调，不能 __________（埋藏）这项技术，而应大力推广。此外，团队还研究了 __________（克隆）技术，并讨论了 __________（性别）平等在科研中的重要性。他们甚至在实验室外发现了一名 __________（间谍），企图窃取数据。 考点二 unit 1~unit 4 阅读词汇 知识点1 阅读单词知词义 Unit 1 1.ambulance　 n.救护车 2.dozen n.许多;(一)打;十来个 3.cigarette n.香烟 4.carpet n.地毯;覆盖地面的一层厚东西 5.automatic adj.自动的;无意识的,不假思索的 6.minimum n.最小值,最少量 adj.最低的,最小的 7.maximum n.最大值,最大限度 adj.最高的,最多的 8.discrimination n.辨别力,识别力;歧视,区别对待 9.elevation n.提高;提升;海拔 10.scholarship n.奖学金;学术 11.category n.类别,种类 12.platform n.计算机平台;站台,月台;讲台,舞台 13.interaction n.互动;互相作用 14.membership n.(统称) 会员,会员人数;会员资格  15.slogan n.标语,口号 16.teapot n.茶壶 17.ambassador n.大使,代表 18.sponsor vt.赞助;主办;为慈善活动捐款;资助 n.赞助商;为慈善活动捐款的人 19.estate n.住宅区;(通常指农村的)大片私有土地;个人财产,(尤指)遗产 2 / 2 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 Unit 1 A university student received a __________ (scholarship) to attend an international conference. She registered through an online __________ (platform) and paid the __________ (minimum) fee. The conference was held in a city at a high __________ (elevation). On the first day, she met an __________ (ambassador) who gave a speech about combating __________ (discrimination). The organizers had divided the exhibition hall into several __________ (category). She enjoyed the lively __________ (interaction) with other participants. One company offered to __________ (sponsor) her travel expenses, and she was granted a free __________ (membership) of the student union. After the conference, she visited a large rural __________ (estate) with her host family. In the living room, she saw a beautiful __________ (carpet) and an __________ (automatic) coffee machine. The host served tea from an elegant __________ (teapot) and offered her a __________ (cigarette), which she politely refused. Suddenly, the host's grandfather felt unwell and they called an __________ (ambulance). It arrived within a __________ (dozen) minutes. She remembered the conference's __________ (slogan): “Health First”. The paramedics said the ambulance had reached its __________ (maximum) capacity but still handled the emergency well. Unit 2 1.BCE abbr.公元前 2.boundary n.边界,分界线 3.humanity n.(统称) 人,人类;人性;人道,仁慈  4.hurdle n.(hurdles) 跨栏赛;栏架;障碍 5.advent n.(重要事件、人物等的)到来,出现 6.ascend vi.& vt.上升,升高,登高 7.half-marathon n.半程马拉松赛跑 8.amateur n.业余运动员,业余爱好者;生手,外行 adj.业余的 9.session n.一段时间,一场;会议,开庭;学年 10.marathon n.马拉松赛跑;马拉松式的活动 (或工作)  11.chairman n.(委员会的)委员长,主席;(会议的)主席,主持人 12.constitution n.体质,身体素质;宪法,章程 13.bobsleigh n.大雪橇(供两人或两人以上比赛用) 14.council n.政务委员会,地方议会;市政服务机构;委员会 15.backfire vi.产生事与愿违的不良(或危险)后果 16.ballpark n.棒球场;变动范围 17.venue n.活动场地 18.curveball n.曲线球 Unit 2 The city __________ (council) held a sports event at a new __________ (venue). The __________ (chairman), an __________ (amateur) runner, opened the first __________ (session) by talking about the history of long-distance running. He said that in __________ (BCE) times, ancient civilizations already valued __________ (humanity) and physical __________ (constitution). With the __________ (advent) of modern sports, the full __________ (marathon) and the __________ (half-marathon) became popular. Runners would __________ (ascend) a steep hill near the __________ (ballpark), where a pitcher threw a surprising __________ (curveball). After the race, a __________ (bobsleigh) demonstration was planned. But the event nearly __________ (backfire) because someone moved the __________ (boundary) markers of the track. Unit 3 1.lifespan　n.寿命,有效期 2.fundamental adj.十分重大的,根本的;基础的,基本的n.基本规律,根本法则,基础 3.flu n.流行性感冒,流感 4.artificial adj.人工的,人造的;人为的;虚假的 5.limb n.肢,臂,腿 6.rubber n.橡胶;橡皮 7.patent n.专利,专利证书 adj.有专利的,受专利保护的 8.centimetre(AmE centimeter) n.厘米 9.acupuncture n.针刺疗法 10.stainless adj.不生锈的 11.millimetre(AmE millimeter) n.毫米 12.tongue n.舌头;语言 13.pulse n.脉搏 vi.搏动,跳动;洋溢着 14.wrist n.手腕,腕关节 15.alcohol n.酒精,酒 16.tobacco n.烟草 17.bandage n.绷带 Unit 3 At the clinic, the doctor checked the patient's __________ (pulse) and asked him to stick out his __________ (tongue). The patient had a bad case of __________ (flu). The doctor measured a small cut on his __________ (wrist) to the nearest __________ (millimetre) and wrapped it with a clean __________ (bandage). He warned that smoking __________ (tobacco) and drinking too much __________ (alcohol) could shorten one's __________ (lifespan). These are __________ (fundamental) health rules. The doctor also showed the patient a new __________ (artificial) __________ (limb) made of __________ (rubber) and __________ (stainless) steel. He explained that this device was protected by a __________ (patent). Then he tried __________ (acupuncture) on the patient's leg, inserting a needle about one __________ (centimetre) deep. Unit 4 1.autonomous　adj.自主的,有自主权的;自治的 2.database n.数据库 3.hacker n.黑客 4.theft n.偷窃,偷窃罪 5.drone n.无人驾驶飞机 6.airline n.航空公司 7.licence (AmE license) n.许可证,执照 8.capsule n.小塑料容器;(装药的)胶囊;太空舱 9.fountain n.喷射,涌流;喷水池;源泉,丰富来源 10.contemporary adj.当代的,现代的;属同时期的,同一时代的 n.同代人,同辈人 11.superiority n.优越感;优越性,优势 12.headset n.耳机 13.sensor n.传感器,敏感元件 14.academic adj.教学的,学术的;学习良好的;纯理论的 15.immersive adj.(计算机系统或图像)沉浸式虚拟现实的 16.state-of-the-art adj.使用最先进技术(或方法)的,最先进的 17.satellite n.人造卫星;卫星 18.pub n.酒吧,酒馆 Unit 4 An __________ (autonomous) drone was used by an __________ (airline) company to inspect its planes. The drone sent data through a __________ (satellite) link to a central __________ (database). One night, a __________ (hacker) attempted a serious data __________ (theft). Fortunately, the company had a __________ (licence) for a __________ (state-of-the-art) security system equipped with advanced __________ (sensor) technology. The security team put on an __________ (immersive) __________ (headset) to simulate the attack. They also invited an __________ (academic) expert in __________ (contemporary) cyber security. The expert reminded them that no system enjoys permanent __________ (superiority). He placed a tiny backup chip inside a small __________ (capsule) for safety. After the meeting, they relaxed at a nearby __________ (pub), sitting beside a beautiful __________ (fountain). 知识点2 核心短语知辨析 Unit 1 1.dozens of 　很多,许多 2.come about 发生 3.for instance 例如,比如 4.bring sth to light 揭露,披露 5.sum up 总结,概括 6.be committed to 致力于 7.mount up (尺寸和数量上)增加,上升 8.spring up 迅速出现,突然兴起 9.get across 被传达,被理解,把…讲清楚 10.brighten up (使)增添乐趣;使更艳丽 11.housing estate 住宅区,住宅群 12.rush to a conclusion 匆忙下结论 13.give an accurate account of 准确描述 14.make a hit 大获成功 15.appeal to 吸引 16.take...as an example 以…为例 17.in terms of... 谈及,就…而言 18.a top priority 当务之急,优先事项 第一组 序号匹配 英文短语 选项（中文释义） 1— 1. dozens of A. 发生 2. come about B. 很多，许多 3. for instance C. 总结，概括 4. bring sth to light D. 致力于 5. sum up E. 例如，比如 6. be committed to F. 被传达，被理解，把…讲清楚 7. mount up G. 迅速出现，突然兴起 8. spring up H. 揭露，披露 9. get across I. （尺寸和数量上）增加，上升 第二组 序号匹配 英文短语 选项（中文释义） 1. brighten up A. 当务之急，优先事项 2. housing estate B. 大获成功 3. rush to a conclusion C. 以…为例 4. give an accurate account of D. 匆忙下结论 5. make a hit E. （使）增添乐趣；使更艳丽 6. appeal to F. 准确描述 7. take...as an example G. 吸引 8. in terms of... H. 住宅区，住宅群 9. a top priority I. 谈及，就…而言 Unit 2 1.track and field　田径运动 2.call on sb to do sth正式邀请某人做某事;请求某人做某事 3.walk on air欢天喜地,得意扬扬 4.keep sth in perspective正确客观地看待 5.live with忍受/接受/容忍(不快的事) 6.without hesitation 毫不犹豫地 7.find one’s way into偶然来到,无意中处于 8.move the goalposts改变条件(或规则) 9.score an own goal 进乌龙球;无意中做让自己吃亏的事 10.in the ballpark差不多 11.a ballpark estimate大致相近的估计 12.throw sb a curveball给某人出难题 13.three strikes and you are out 三振出局 14.below the belt不公正的,伤人的 15.throw in the towel认输,承认失败 16.the best of the best 优中最优,最好的 17.side by side一起,肩并肩 18.get through to the end坚持到最后 第一组 序号匹配 英文短语 选项（中文释义） 1. track and field A. 欢天喜地，得意扬扬 2. call on sb to do sth B. 进乌龙球；无意中做让自己吃亏的事 3. walk on air C. 正确客观地看待 4. keep sth in perspective D. 毫不犹豫地 5. live with E. 改变条件（或规则） 6. without hesitation F. 田径运动 7. find one’s way into G. 忍受/接受/容忍（不快的事） 8. move the goalposts H. 偶然来到，无意中处于 9. score an own goal I. 正式邀请某人做某事；请求某人做某事 第二组 序号匹配 英文短语 选项（中文释义） 10. in the ballpark A. 认输，承认失败 11. a ballpark estimate B. 不公正的，伤人的 12. throw sb a curveball C. 差不多 13. three strikes and you are out D. 坚持到最后 14. below the belt E. 给某人出难题 15. throw in the towel F. 三振出局 16. the best of the best G. 优中最优，最好的 17. side by side H. 一起，肩并肩 18. get through to the end I. 大致相近的估计 Unit 3 1.relate to　涉及,与…相关 2.prohibit sb from doing sth禁止某人做某事 3.wrestle with努力处理,全力解决 4.put sth in place准备就绪 5.without doubt毫无疑问,的确 6.a ripe old age高龄 7.a much wider range of更大范围的 8.go to great lengths to do sth竭尽全力做某事,不遗余力做某事 9.date back to追溯到,始于,自…至今 10.be equipped with 装备;配备 11.be grateful for 因…感激 12.at a fast pace以飞快的速度 13.be tied to与…有关 14.serve/function as...起着…的作用 15.take the place of...取代…的位置 序号匹配 英文短语 选项（中文释义） 1. relate to A. 因…感激 2. prohibit sb from doing sth B. 装备；配备 3. wrestle with C. 追溯到，始于，自…至今 4. put sth in place D. 竭尽全力做某事，不遗余力做某事 5. without doubt E. 禁止某人做某事 6. a ripe old age F. 涉及，与…相关 7. a much wider range of G. 取代…的位置 8. go to great lengths to do sth H. 努力处理，全力解决 9. date back to I. 毫无疑问，的确 10. be equipped with J. 更大范围的 11. be grateful for K. 准备就绪 12. at a fast pace L. 起着…的作用 13. be tied to M. 以飞快的速度 14. serve/function as... N. 高龄 15. take the place of... O. 与…有关 Unit 4 1.(build) castles in the air (建)空中楼阁,幻想,空想 2.come true实现 3.(be)capable of doing sth有能力做某事 4.to name but a few略举几例 5.fall victim to受伤,受损,被害 6.break into强行闯入,撬开;突然开始(笑、唱等);顺利打入 7.in large quantities大量,大批 8.spy on暗中监视,窥探 9.at the forefront of 处于最前列,进入重要地位 10.a host of许多,大量 11.boil down to 　归结为,基本问题是 12.at the expense of 在牺牲(或损害)…的情况下 13.pose a danger/threat to对…构成危险/威胁 14.come into widespread use 开始被广泛使用 15.interact with 和…互动 16.have huge impact on 对…有很大影响 第一组 序号匹配 英文短语 选项（中文释义） 1. (build) castles in the air A. 暗中监视，窥探 2. come true B. 略举几例 3. (be) capable of doing sth C. 空中楼阁，幻想，空想 4. to name but a few D. 实现 5. fall victim to E. 强行闯入，撬开；突然开始（笑、唱等）；顺利打入 6. break into F. 有能力做某事 7. in large quantities G. 大量，大批 8. spy on H. 受伤，受损，被害 第二组 序号匹配 英文短语 选项（中文释义） 9. at the forefront of A. 归结为，基本问题是 10. a host of B. 许多，大量 11. boil down to C. 和…互动 12. at the expense of D. 在牺牲（或损害）…的情况下 13. pose a danger/threat to E. 对…有很大影响 14. come into widespread use F. 处于最前列，进入重要地位 15. interact with G. 开始被广泛使用 16. have huge impact on H. 对…构成危险/威胁 一、 真题实战 1.（2022·新高考II卷·阅读理解B篇节选） Sorry, kid. This book is not part of your high-tech world. It’s an outdated, lifeless thing. An antique, like your grandfather. Well, I may be old, but I‘m not hopelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit video and produce audio. I use mobile payment. I’ve even built websites. There‘s one notable gap in my new-media experience, however: I’ve spent little time in front of a camera, since I have a face made for radio. But that didn‘t stop China Daily from asking me last week to share a personal story for a video project about the integration of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei province. Anyway, grandpa is now an internet star — two minutes of fame! I promise not to let it go to my head. But I will make sure my 2-year-old grandson sees it on his tablet. 1. What can we learn about the author as a journalist? A. He lacks experience in his job. B. He seldom appears on television. C. He manages a video department. D. He often interviews internet stars. 【思维建模】文中journalist（记者）为Unit 1核心词汇。人物身份推断题需综合全文信息，关注作者对自己职业的描述及自我评价。注意区分“事实陈述”与“基于身份的推断”。词句猜测题需结合上下文语境，尤其是画线词前后的解释性语句。 2. （2024·新高考I卷·完形填空节选） I‘ve been motivated — and demotivated — by other folks’ achievements all my life. When I was a teenager, a neighborhood friend ___1___ a marathon race. Feeling motivated, I started running ___2___. 1. A. knew　 B. held　 C. won　 D. quit 2. A. regularly　 B. silently　 C. proudly　 D. recently 【思维建模】 motivated（受到激励的）为Unit 2核心词汇。完形填空中，情感线索词（Feeling motivated）是预测后续动作的重要依据——受到激励后通常会采取规律性的积极行动。同时，破折号连接的并列与对比结构（motivated — and demotivated）提示前后意义相反，是重要的语义线索。 3. （2025·新高考I卷·语法填空节选） An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, ______ (originate) in China more than 4,000 years ago. 【思维建模】inspire（赋予灵感）和originate（起源）为Unit 4阅读与核心词汇。语法填空中，非谓语动词是必考考点。判断用现在分词还是过去分词，关键是看逻辑主语与动词的关系：artwork与inspire之间为被动关系（艺术作品被启发），故用inspired；Go/weiqi与originate之间为主动关系（围棋起源于中国），但在定语从句省略结构中用过去分词originated作定语，表“起源于……的”。 4. （2021·天津卷·单项填空） It’s a good idea to choose a(n) ________ destination in case your first-choice tourist spot is not available. A. annual　　B. exact　　C. alternative　　D. pleasant 【思维建模】alternative（替代的）为Unit 4核心词汇。单项填空中，逻辑关系词（in case“以防”）是重要解题线索。“in case your first-choice tourist spot is not available”表明需要准备一个“备选的”目的地，直接对应alternative的词义。 5．（2023·全国乙卷·阅读理解A篇） PRACTITIONERS Jacqueline Felice de Almania (c.1322) highlights the  suspicion that women practicing medicine faced. Born to a Jewish family in  Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed  surgery. In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully. In spite of the  court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor, she  was banned from medicine. James Barry (c.1789 — 1865) was born Margaret Bulkley in  Ireland but, dressed as a man, she was accepted by Edinburgh University to  study medicine. She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, then joined the British  Army, serving overseas. Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire  medical profession living and working as a man. Tan Yunxian (1461 — 1554) was a Chinese physician who  learned her skills from her grandparents. Chinese women at the time could not  serve apprenticeships (学徒期) with doctors. However, Tan  passed the official exam. Tan treated women from all walks of life. In 1511,  Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female  Doctor, describing her life as a physician. Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831 — 1895) worked as a nurse for  eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860. Four years  later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree.  She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed  slaves. 1. What did Jacqueline and James have in common? A. Doing teaching jobs.   B.Being hired as physicians. C. Performing surgery.  D.Being banned from medicine. 2. How was Tan Yunxian different from the other practitioners? A. She wrote a book.   B.She went through trials. C. She worked as a dentist. D.She had formal education. 3. Who was the first African American with a medical degree? A. Jacqueline Felice de Almania.   B.Tan Yunxian. C. James Barry.   D.Rebecca Lee Crumpler. 【思维建模】文中physician（内科医生）、surgeon（外科医生）为Unit 3核心词汇。人物传记类阅读中，共同点题需横向对比不同人物的关键行为；差异题需关注独有信息（如著书）。注意physician与surgeon的职业区分——前者为内科医师，后者为外科医生。 2、 命题演练 一：单句提升词汇填空 1．Can you tell me what makes you choose doctors as your ________（职业）？ 2．Ten years ago, the house was ________ (做广告) for sale at 500,000 yuan. Now it has doubled. 3．Burning with _________ (好奇心), she ran across the field after the hare. 4．The show has been _________ (延长) for another six weeks. 5．A series of activities have shown the company’s __________ (承诺) to creating more job opportunities. 6．This year’s city marathon is going to be ________ (赞助) by three leading domestic enterprises. 7．With economy developing at great speed, our city has ________ (目睹，见证) quite a few changes in recent years. 8．We have spent millions of pounds ________(做广告) this type of cat food in our store. 9．People stayed silent, listened to us and ___________（鼓掌）at last. 10．All the customers ________ (称赞) the decision to fix a discount day for membership. 11．Anyone who wants to ________ (参加) will get tailored training courses. 12．They have the confidence and ability to ________ (处理) the important matter well. 13．The pattern of injuries is ________(一致的，吻合的) with an attack with a knife. 14．The good news is that he becomes ___________ (逐渐地) interested in the subject. 15．I needn't have written to him because he phoned me shortly_______(后来) 16．Three athletes will ________ (竞争) for the only gold medal in the game. 17．Employees ________ (激励) to work more efficiently. 18．I really had no idea how to ________ (处理) the situation. 19．There are __________(根本的) differences between your religious beliefs and mine. 20．Our job is to protect and ________ (恢复) the natural environment. 21．The efforts of the Chinese government and people to protect this much­-loved river will be ___________ (感激) for years to come. 22．Henry David Thoreau was happy to ________(退出) from social life, seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of his life. 23．Whoever __________ (滥用) his or her authority and high position for personal gain against the law will be punished by the law. 24．I would be ________ (感激) if the two of you stopped fighting. 25．Do you have enough ___________ (证据) to prove that you are right? 26．This _____________ (现象) has caused wide public concern in many countries. 27．The plan received ___________ (普遍的；广泛的) support throughout the country. 28．These are the problems _______ (发生,出现) from the lack of communication. 29．It’s an interesting idea, but there are many __________ (实际的) difficulties. 30．The scientists are struggling for a  ____________ (突破) in cancer research. 二：课内句式填空训练 1. I heard people screaming and dogs barking.(be about to do...when...)  我正要洗澡,就听到有人尖叫,还有狗在叫。 2. When O’Neill received the Pulitzer Prize in Drama in 1957, .[It/This is/was the first/second/...time (that)...] 奥尼尔于1957年获得普利策戏剧奖,这是他第四次获得该奖项。 3. His dream was .(that引导表语从句) 他的梦想是借助奥运会让不同种族、不同文化的人们和平地生活在一起。 4. he died in 2016,Ali one of the greatest boxers of all time.(by the time引导时间状语从句) 在 2016 年过世前,阿里已被公认为有史以来最伟大的拳击手之一。 5. Since sport is an inseparable part of day-to-day life,there are lots of sports idioms .(that引导定语从句) 由于体育运动是日常生活中不可分割的一部分,许多体育习语已融入人们的日常语言。 6. Ultimately,this new technology might even diseases from ever developing by correcting abnormal genes early on.(make+it+adj.+动词不定式) 最终,这项新技术甚至可能通过及早修正异常基因来预防疾病。 7. make a much wider range of movements be controlled directly by the brain and feed sensory information back into it.(not only置于句首引起的倒装) 8. Up to now,more than 360 acupuncture points have been identified, .(独立主格结构) 到目前为止,已有360多个针刺穴位被确认,每个穴位对应身体的一个不同部位。 9. ,many approaches to creating true AI have been put forward,including “deep learning”...(动词不定式作目的状语) 为了实现这个目标,人们提出过许多创造真正的 AI 的方法,其中包括“深度学习”… 10.As we become more and more dependent on computers,some scientists are urging us to think about the dangers .(过去分词短语作后置定语) 随着我们变得越来越依赖于电脑,一些科学家正敦促我们思考人工智能发展带来的危险。 11.One of the essential aims of AI is to develop computer intelligence capable of learning from experience, .(现在分词短语作后置定语) 人工智能的基本目标之一是发展能够从经验中学习、根据新的输入指令做出调整,并像人类一样执行任务的计算机智能。 12. I told you that doctors could create a virtual “twin” in order to practise delicate surgery before attempting it on the patient? (what if...?) 如果我告诉你,医生可以先造出一个虚拟的“孪生病人”练习精密的手术,然后再在病人身上进行实际操作呢? 三：篇章填空训练 Passage A 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 For four decades, the true scale of life on Cangshan Mountain in Southwest China’s Yunnan province remained a mystery. Now, the results of 1 massive three-year scientific survey have revealed that the mountain range is home to nearly a quarter of the 2 (province) plant species. The survey, 3 (release) on Friday at a news conference, is the most systematic study of the 1,000-square-kilometer range in the Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture since joint international expeditions in the 1980s. It confirms Cangshan 4 a hot spot for biodiversity, according to Zhong Mingchuan, a member of the research team. Researchers documented over 4,600 plant species, 578 vertebrates and several species entirely new to science. “This is the first time we have truly understood what exists in Cangshan,” said Zhong. Drawing on decades of botanical surveys and high-resolution satellite imagery, a multidisciplinary research team has systematically established a 5 (comprehend) vegetation classification system for the mountain. Concurrently, the team identified three previously 6 (record) vegetation types — a small ancient pine forest, a patch of bushes growing on metal-rich soil, and a grassy meadow along the eastern foot of the mountain that floods every rainy season — each of 7 plays a unique role in maintaining ecological balance. To date, in Guangming village near the mountain, resident Chen Jiaru 8 (sense) growing interest from visitors eager to learn about the mountain’s ecology. “Some tourists come 9 (specific) to understand its natural environment,” he said. “Our village is becoming a window for people to learn about its biodiversity.” Villagers have already begun hosting study groups and 10 (offer) guided walks, often cooperating with visiting educators to share traditional knowledge about the mountain’s vegetation. Passage B 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Most World Cup matches held in North America kick off late Beijing time, so late-night beer bars and seafood stalls all over Qingdao are packed with football fans. Loud cheers erupt whenever a goal 1 (score), and the coastal breeze carries the sweet smells of cold beer and roasted seafood through the night air. The World Cup has added fresh energy to Qingdao, a city 2 football, beer and seafood have long been inseparable. Local people say ordinary beer tastes smooth and light to drink, while 3 (fresh) made beer delivers richer, stronger flavors. However, fresh beer cannot be stored for long and has to be enjoyed immediately. Beer is 4 (centre) to Qingdao’s identity. Annual beer festivals, museums and brewery (酿酒) districts have helped make Qingdao 5 of China’s best-known tourist destinations. However, residents say that the 6 (essential) of the city’s beer culture lies in ordinary summer evenings rather than large events. Families dine outdoors, office workers drink beer after work, and fans stay up together for live games. When the late-night matches come to 7 end, people raise their glasses 8 (celebrate) excitedly about the wonderful moments of the games. As a city noted 9 beer, Qingdao has seen the World Cup naturally become part of its summer traditions 10 (build) around tasty food, cold drinks and heartfelt companionship. Passage C 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Chinese Spring Festival 1 (regard) as the most significant festival of the year among the Chinese. There are 2 number of things people usually do before the Chinese Spring Festival. One of these is cleaning the house for the Lunar New Year. Dust makes people think of old or outdated things. 3 , sweeping dust out of the house is a way of saying goodbye to old things and welcoming new things. The most important custom is the big family dinner 4 the eve of the Lunar New Year. This is usually a big reunion of grandparents, parents, and children. It reflects 5 important family is to Chinese people around the world. Also, families typically eat certain lucky food at the family reunion dinner. Eating fish, for example, is supposed 6 (bring) more wealth and prosperity than one needs, as the 7 (pronounce) of “fish” in Chinese (yu) is also used for “surplus”. New Year activities include giving children lucky money in red envelopes, greeting with “Gongxi Facai,” and visiting relatives with gifts. Commonly 8 (exchange) gifts include food such as fruit, sticky rice cakes and homemade desserts. Additionally, friends and family go out to enjoy loud and colourful fireworks, spend time at temple fairs and watch exciting dragon and lion dances. The Chinese Spring Festival 9 (full) shows the values of love for family and hopes for a better future 10 Chinese people hold dear. Passage D 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In 2026, Chinese scientific researchers have made a major breakthrough in new energy technology. A new type of solar cell, 1 (develop) by scientists from Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, has broken multiple industry records for energy conversion efficiency recently. The core material of the solar cell is copper-zinc-tin-sulfur-selenium, 2 (offer) a low-cost and eco-friendly choice for global energy 3 (transform). The research team stuck firmly to their original research goal of developing affordable clean energy, making the technology suitable 4 (promote). Strict professional 5 (criterion) have been set for material performance and energy conversion to guarantee the practical value of the new technology. Over the past year, a large quantity of related experiments 6 (conduct) to optimize (优化) the material structure and improve energy utilization efficiency. To ensure the accuracy of the research data, professional participants from multiple domestic research institutions joined the project. They devoted months to adjusting technical settings 7 testing equipment. The outstanding achievements have won 8 (extend) international recognition and laid a solid foundation for China’s leading position in the global new energy industry. With global low-carbon development accelerating, this innovative technology is expected to be applied 9 a large scale in the next few years. The research team, 10 efforts have facilitated the upgrading of new energy industry, will continue to explore more efficient green technologies. Passage E 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China has conducted its first hot-water drilling (钻探) test in East Antarctica, 1 (reach) a record depth of 3,413 meters and surpassing the previous international record for the excavation (挖掘) method. Polar hot water drilling is used to study Earth’s former environmental changes, predict future climate trends, 2 explore the limits of life. Compared with traditional mechanical ice drilling, it can penetrate (穿透) deeper and more efficiently while causing minimal disturbance to the ice, making it 3 (easy) to access subglacial lakes and the bases of ice shelves. 4 (previous), the record depth reached by hot water drilling was 2,540 meters. 5 part of the 42nd Chinese Antarctic Expedition, the test demonstrated the application of a deep ice-sheet hot-water drilling system in Antarctica. By penetrating the ice sheet above the region’s Qilin Subglacial Lake, 6 is named for the mythical Chinese creature, the operation established a channel for future 7 (observe) of the lake, as well as water and sediment collection. Beyond the drilling test, the expedition is also advancing the construction and system optimization of China’s Qinling Station, 8 Antarctic research station. China dispatched its first Antarctic expedition team in November 1984 9 (conduct) comprehensive scientific research in Antarctica and the South Pacific. The following year, China 10 (complete) construction of its Great Wall Station on King George Island in West Antarctica, making it the 18th country to establish a scientific research station on the continent. $