Unit 2 Inspiring People 单元重点单词、短语用法讲练-2026-2027学年新人教版九年级英语上学期

2026-09-08
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摘要:

该初中英语知识清单系统梳理了“Unit 2 Inspiring People”单元内容,涵盖课标与非课标重点单词、短语,搭建从分层记忆到用法讲解再到语境练习的递进式学习支架。 清单通过“课标分层+考点解析+对比辨析”呈现知识体系,如标注admire等课标词汇并详解搭配,对比discovery与invention培养思维品质,设计“词形变化表”提升语言能力。练习题型多样巩固用法,既便利学生自主学习,也辅助教师精准教学。

内容正文:

Unit 2 Inspiring People 重点单词、短语用法讲练 目录 · 单元重难点单词,短语用法讲解 将单词、短语分层列出,突出重点词汇,便于记忆。 详细讲解重点单词和短语的用法,把握单词、短语的考点、便于全面掌握。 · 单元单词,短语用法练习 通过以下练习,在具体的语境中巩固单词,短语的用法,加深对单词、短语记忆和理解。 单元重难点单词,短语用法讲解 一、单元单词、短语分层列举 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 1. 课标重点单词、短语。 admire /ədˈmaɪə(r)/v. 钦佩;赞赏 historian /hɪˈstɔːriən/ n. 历史学家 chemist /ˈkemɪst/ n. 化学家 physicist /ˈfɪzɪsɪst/ n. 物理学家 hunger /ˈhʌŋɡə(r)/ n. 饥饿 chemistry /ˈkemɪstri/ n. 化学 calendar /ˈkælɪndə(r)/ n. 日历 discovery /dɪˈskʌvəri/ n. 发现 century /ˈsentʃəri/ n. 世纪 wounded /ˈwuːndɪd/ adj. 受伤的;负伤的 airport /ˈeəpɔːt/ n. 机场 nation /ˈneɪʃn/ n. 国家;民族 spread /spred/ n. 传播;散布 v. (spread, spread)传播;散布 disease /dɪˈziːz/ n. 疾病 pioneer /ˌpaɪəˈnɪə(r)/ n. 先驱;先锋 admirable /ˈædmərəbl/ adj. 令人钦佩的 balance /ˈbæləns/ n.平衡 v. 保持平衡 courage /ˈkʌrɪdʒ/ n.勇气;胆量 wisdom /ˈwɪzdəm/ n. 智慧;学问 brave /breɪv/ adj. 勇敢的;无畏的 v. 勇敢面对;经受(困难) necessary /ˈnesəsəri/ adj. 必要的;必需的 western /ˈwestən/ adj. 西方的;西部的 scientific /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/ adj. 科学(上)的 whole /həʊl/ adj. 所有的;完全的 bank /bæŋk/ n. 库;银行 forever /fərˈevə(r)/ adv. 永远 radio /ˈreɪdiəʊ/ n. 无线电;收音机 collection /kəˈlekʃn/ n. 收集物;收藏品 exploration /ˌekspləˈreɪʃn/ n. 探索 universe /ˈjuːnɪvɜːs/ n. 宇宙 socialism /ˈsəʊʃəlɪzəm/ n. 社会主义 hole /həʊl/ n. 洞;孔 daughter /ˈdɔːtə(r)/ n. 女儿 herself /hɜːˈself; həˈself/ pron. 她自己;她本人 flight /flaɪt/ n. 飞行;航班 inventor /ɪnˈventə(r)/ n. 发明家 thinker /ˈθɪŋkə(r)/ n. 思想家 period /ˈpɪəriəd/ n. 时期;一段时间 kindness/ˈkaɪndnəs/ n. 善良 drop out (of sth) 辍学;退出 look up to sb 钦佩;仰慕 leave behind 留下;遗留 live on 继续存在;继续活着 above all 最重要的是;尤其是 2. 非课标重点单词、短语。 inspiring /ɪnˈspaɪərɪŋ/ adj. 鼓舞人心的;激励的 British /ˈbrɪtɪʃ/ adj. 英国的;英国人的 n. 英国人 pyramid /ˈpɪrəmɪd/ n. 金字塔 live /laɪv/ adj. 现场直播的 seed /siːd/ n. 种子 childhood /ˈtʃaɪldhʊd/ n. 童年 dynasty /ˈdɪnəsti; ˈdaɪnəsti/ n. 朝代;王朝 region /ˈriːdʒən/ n. 区域;地区 biologist /baɪˈɒlədʒɪst/ n. 生物学家 woodwork /ˈwʊdwɜːk/ n. 木工手艺 mankind /mænˈkaɪnd/ n. 人类 belief /bɪˈliːf/ n. 信念;看法 二、重点单词、短语用法讲解 1、admire 词义:admire作动词,意为"钦佩;赞赏 "。 We all admire her for her courage.(我们都钦佩她的勇气。) 词形变化:admiration n. 钦佩,羡慕 短语、搭配:① admire sb. for sth.(因某事而钦佩某人) I admire my mother for her hard work.(我钦佩我妈妈的辛勤工作。) 2、historian 词义:historian作可数名词,意为"历史学家"。 The historian wrote many books about ancient China.(这位历史学家写了许多关于中国古代的书。) 词形变化:history n. 历史 historic adj. 历史上著名的,有历史意义的 historical adj. 历史的,史学的 3、chemist 词义:chemist作可数名词,意为"化学家;药剂师"。 She wants to become a chemist when she grows up.(她长大后想成为一名化学家。) 词形变化:chemistry n. 化学 chemical adj. 化学的 n. 化学物质 短语、搭配:① chemistry lab(化学实验室) ② chemistry experiment(化学实验) 4、physicist 词义:physicist作可数名词,意为"物理学家"。 My dream is to become a physicist and study the universe.(我的梦想是成为一名物理学家,研究宇宙。) 词形变化:physics n. 物理(学) physical adj. 物理的;身体的 5、hunger 词义:① hunger作不可数名词,意为"饥饿"。 Hunger is a serious problem in some parts of the world.(饥饿在世界一些地区是一个严重的问题。) ② hunger也可以作动词,意为"渴望;渴求"(常与for/after连用)。 She hungered for knowledge.(她渴求知识。) 词形变化:hungry adj. 饥饿的 hungrily adv. 饥饿地 短语、搭配:① die of hunger(死于饥饿) Thousands of people died of hunger in that country.(在那个国家成千上万的人死于饥饿。) ② hunger for/after sth.(渴望得到某物) He has a hunger for success.(他渴望成功。) 6、calendar 词义:calendar作可数名词,意为"日历;日程表"。 There is a beautiful calendar on the wall.(墙上有一本漂亮的日历。) 短语、搭配:① lunar calendar(农历;阴历) ② solar calendar(阳历;公历) 7、discovery 词义:discovery作名词,意为"发现"。 Scientists have made many important discoveries in recent years.(科学家们在近些年取得了许多重要的发现。) 词形变化:discover v. 发现 discoverer n. 发现者 短语、搭配:① make a discovery(有所发现) Edison made many great discoveries in his life.(爱迪生一生中有许多伟大的发现。) ② the discovery of ...(对……的发现) The discovery of the new planet excited all the scientists.(新行星的发现让所有科学家都兴奋不已。) 易错点:①discovery是可数名词,复数形式为discoveries(变y为i加es)。 ②注意区分discovery与invention:discovery指发现已经存在但尚未被认识的事物,invention指发明创造原本不存在的新事物。 8、century 词义:century作可数名词,意为"世纪;一百年"。 The story happened centuries ago.(这个故事发生在几个世纪以前。) 短语、搭配:① in the ... century(在……世纪) In the 18th century, many great inventions were made.(在18世纪,有许多伟大的发明。) ② over the centuries(几个世纪以来) Over the centuries, people have built many great buildings.(几个世纪以来,人们建造了许多伟大的建筑。) 易错点:century的复数形式为centuries(变y为i加es)。表示"在某个世纪"时用介词in。 9、wounded 词义:wounded作形容词,意为"受伤的;负伤的",通常指因战争、攻击或事故等受外伤。 She found a wounded bird in the garden.(她在花园里发现了一只受伤的小鸟。) 短语、搭配: ①the wounded意为"伤员",表示一类人,作复数含义。 The wounded were taken good care of in the hospital.(伤员们在医院得到了很好的照顾。) ②be/get wounded受伤 He got wounded in the leg.(他腿部受了伤。) 词形变化:wound n. 伤口,创伤 v. 使受伤 辨析:wounded与injured ① wounded通常指在战争、战斗或暴力袭击中受的伤,多指枪伤、刀伤等外伤。 He was wounded in the war.(他在战争中受了伤。) ② injured指在事故、运动等意外中受伤,范围较广。 He was injured in a car accident.(他在一场车祸中受了伤。) 易错点:the wounded指"伤员"群体,作主语时谓语动词用复数。 10、airport 词义:airport作可数名词,意为"飞机场;航空站"。 My father will pick me up at the airport.(我爸爸会去机场接我。) 短语、搭配:① at the airport(在机场) I met an old friend at the airport yesterday.(我昨天在机场遇到了一位老朋友。) ② go to the airport(去机场) We need to go to the airport at 7 o'clock.(我们需要7点钟去机场。) 易错点:表示"在机场"用介词at,不用in。 11、nation 词义:nation作可数名词,意为"国家;民族"。 China is a great nation with a long history.(中国是一个有着悠久历史的伟大国家。) 词形变化:national adj. 国家的,民族的 nationality n. 国籍 international adj. 国际的 短语、搭配:① the United Nations(联合国) 辨析:nation、country与state ① nation侧重指"民族"或"全体国民",强调人民这一概念。 The whole nation is united.(全国人民团结一心。) ② country侧重指"疆土、国土",强调地理和领土概念。 China is a large country.(中国是一个幅员辽阔的国家。) ③ state侧重指"政权、政府",强调政治体制。 The state should protect the rights of its citizens.(国家应保护公民的权利。) 12、spread 词义:① spread作动词,意为"传播;扩散;展开;蔓延"。 The news spread quickly across the country.(这个消息迅速传遍了全国。) ② spread作名词,意为"传播;扩散"。 We should stop the spread of the disease.(我们应该阻止这种疾病的传播。) 短语、搭配:① spread to(蔓延到;传播到) The fire soon spread to the next building.(大火很快蔓延到了旁边的建筑。) ② spread out(散开;铺开) The police asked the crowd to spread out.(警察要求人群散开。) 易错点:spread的过去式和过去分词与原形相同,都是spread,千万不要写成spreaded。 13、disease 词义:disease作名词,意为"疾病"。 This disease mainly affects old people.(这种疾病主要影响老年人。) 短语、搭配:① catch/get a disease(患上疾病) He caught a rare disease during his trip abroad.(他在国外旅行期间患上了一种罕见的疾病。) ② prevent a disease(预防疾病) Eating vegetables can help prevent many diseases.(吃蔬菜有助于预防许多疾病。) ③ heart disease(心脏病) 易错点:①disease为可数名词,复数形式为diseases。 ②注意disease与illness的区别:disease通常指具体的、由某种原因引起的疾病或病害,多用于医学语境;illness更侧重于"生病"的状态,在日常口语中使用较多。 14、pioneer 词义:pioneer作可数名词,意为"先驱;先锋;拓荒者"。 The pioneers in that country built the first railway.(那个国家的拓荒者们修建了第一条铁路。) 短语、搭配:① a pioneer in ...(……方面的先驱) He is a pioneer in computer science.(他是计算机科学方面的先驱。) ② a young pioneer(少先队员) She joined the Young Pioneers when she was in Grade 3.(她三年级时加入了少先队。) 15、admirable 词义:admirable作形容词,意为"值得钦佩的;令人赞赏的"。 He has made admirable progress in his English study.(他在英语学习上取得了令人赞赏的进步。) 词形变化:admire v. 钦佩,羡慕 admiration n. 钦佩,羡慕 短语、搭配:① admirable quality(令人钦佩的品质) ② admirable performance(出色的表现) 辨析:admirable与admiring ① admirable意为"值得钦佩的",表示某物或某人本身具有令人钦佩的特质,主语通常为物或人的品质、行为等。 His bravery is admirable.(他的勇敢令人钦佩。) ② admiring意为"表示钦佩的;赞赏的",用来形容人的表情、目光、言语等。 She gave me an admiring look.(她向我投来赞赏的目光。) 易错点:admirable强调"值得被钦佩",而非"感到钦佩的"。注意不要将其与admiring混淆。常用搭配为be admirable,如:His effort is admirable.(他的努力令人钦佩。) 16、balance 词义:① balance作名词,意为"平衡;均衡"。 It's important to keep a balance between study and play.(保持学习和玩耍之间的平衡很重要。) ② balance作动词,意为"保持平衡"。 The bird can balance on one leg.(这只鸟能用一条腿保持平衡。) 短语、搭配:① keep/lose one's balance(保持/失去平衡) The little boy learned to keep his balance on the bike.(这个小男孩学会了在自行车上保持平衡。) ② keep a balance between A and B(在A和B之间保持平衡) We should keep a balance between study and rest.(我们应该在学习和休息之间保持平衡。) ③ out of balance(失去平衡;不平衡) The boat was out of balance and nearly turned over.(小船失去了平衡,差点翻了。) 词形变化:balanced adj. 平衡的,均衡的 17、courage 词义:courage作不可数名词,意为"勇气;胆量"。 It takes courage to tell the truth.(说实话需要勇气。) 短语、搭配:① have the courage to do sth.(有勇气做某事) She had the courage to speak in front of the whole class.(她有勇气在全班面前发言。) ② take courage(鼓起勇气) He took courage and asked the teacher a question.(他鼓起勇气问了老师一个问题。) ③ lose courage(失去勇气) Never lose courage when you face difficulties.(面对困难时永远不要失去勇气。) 词形变化:courageous adj. 勇敢的,有勇气的 courageously adv. 勇敢地 辨析:courage与bravery ① courage强调在面临危险、困难或痛苦时,精神上的勇气和坚定的意志,常指"不畏艰难,坚持信念"。 He showed great courage in fighting against the disease.(他在与疾病作斗争中表现出了极大的勇气。) ② bravery强调在紧急时刻或危险情况下,行动上的勇敢无畏,多指"临危不惧,勇往直前"。 He got a medal for his bravery in the fire.(他因为在火灾中的英勇行为获得了一枚奖章。) 18、wisdom 词义:wisdom作不可数名词,意为"智慧;学问 "。 We can learn a lot of wisdom from traditional stories.(我们可以从传统故事中学到很多智慧。) 短语、搭配:① ancient wisdom(古老的智慧) Ancient wisdom still has value in our modern life.(古老的智慧在现代生活中依然有价值。) ② words of wisdom(至理名言) My grandfather always gives me words of wisdom.(我的爷爷总是给我一些至理名言。) 词形变化:wise adj. 明智的,有智慧的 wisely adv. 明智地 辨析:wisdom与intelligence ① wisdom强调"智慧",指通过生活经验积累的判断力、洞察力和明辨是非的能力,常用于形容年长者。 We should respect the wisdom of the old.(我们应当尊重长者的智慧。) ② intelligence强调"智力、聪明才智",侧重指学习和理解事物的天赋和能力。 He has very high intelligence and does well in all subjects.(他智商很高,各科成绩都很优秀。) 19、brave 词义:brave作形容词,意为"勇敢的;无畏的"。 Be brave! You can do it.(勇敢一点!你能做到的。) 词形变化:bravely adv. 勇敢地 bravery n. 勇敢,勇气 短语、搭配:① be brave to do sth.(有勇气做某事) You should be brave to face your problems.(你应该勇敢地面对你的问题。) ② it is brave of sb. to do sth.(某人做某事真勇敢) It was brave of him to jump into the river to save the child.(他跳进河里救那个孩子,真勇敢。) 20、necessary 词义:necessary作形容词,意为"必要的;必需的"。 Water is necessary for all living things.(水对所有生物来说都是必需的。) 词形变化:necessarily adv. 必要地;必然地 necessity n. 必需品;必要性 unnecessary adj. 不必要的 短语、搭配:① it is necessary (for sb.) to do sth.((对某人来说)做某事是必要的) It is necessary for students to get enough sleep.(对学生来说,保证充足的睡眠是必要的。) ② if necessary(如果有必要的话) You can call me if necessary.(如果有必要的话,你可以给我打电话。) ③ necessary for(对……是必需的) Exercise is necessary for good health.(锻炼对身体健康是必需的。) 易错点:表示"对某人来说做某事是必要的"常用句型为It is necessary for sb. to do sth.,介词用for,不可用of。 21、western 词义:western作形容词,意为"西方的;西部的"。 The western part of the city is more beautiful than the east.(这座城市的西部比东部更美丽。) 词形变化:west n. 西方;西部 adj. 西方的 adv. 向西方 westerner n. 西方人 短语、搭配:① Western countries(西方国家) ② western food(西餐) ③ the Western world(西方世界) 辨析:western与west ① western是形容词,意为"西部的;西方的",强调地理位置在西部或与西方有关的。 He lives in western China.(他住在中国西部。) ② west可作名词(西部)、形容词(在西方的)和副词(向西方)。 He lives in the west of China.(他住在中国西部。) He walked west.(他朝西走。) 易错点:表示"在……的西部"时,若在范围内部用in the western part of,若在范围外部用to the west of。 22、scientific 词义:scientific作形容词,意为"科学的;科学上的"。 We need to take a scientific approach to this problem.(我们需要用科学的方法来处理这个问题。) 词形变化:science n. 科学 scientist n. 科学家 短语、搭配:① scientific research(科学研究) ② scientific method(科学方法) ③ scientific experiment(科学实验) 23、whole 词义:① whole作形容词,意为"全部的;完整的"。 She ate the whole cake by herself.(她一个人吃掉了整个蛋糕。) ② whole作可数名词,意为"整体;全部",常用单数形式。 The whole of the class went to the museum.(全班都去了博物馆。) 词形变化:wholly adv. 完全地;全部地 短语、搭配:① as a whole(作为一个整体;总体上) We should look at the problem as a whole.(我们应该从整体上看待这个问题。) ② on the whole(总的来说;大体上) On the whole, I think you did a good job.(总的来说,我认为你做得很好。) 辨析:whole与all ① whole通常放在冠词、物主代词或指示代词之后,即"the/ my/ this + whole + 名词"。 She told me the whole story.(她告诉了我整个故事。) ② all通常放在冠词、物主代词或指示代词之前,即"all + the/ my/ this + 名词"。 She told me all the story.(她告诉了我整个故事。)【注意:强调"全部内容"而非"完整性"】 易错点:whole一般不修饰不可数名词或复数名词,如不说whole water或whole books(应改为all the water或all the books)。但可以说the whole bottle of water或the whole set of books。 24、bank 词义:① bank作可数名词,意为"库;银行"。 My mother works in a bank.(我妈妈在银行工作。) ② bank作可数名词,意为"河岸;堤岸"。 We sat on the bank of the river and had a picnic.(我们坐在河岸上野餐。) 短语、搭配:① blood bank(血库) ② a bank of(一排;一群) There is a bank of clouds in the sky.(天边有一排云。) ③ bank account(银行账户) 25、forever 词义:forever作副词,意为"永远"。 I will remember this day forever.(我会永远记住这一天。) 短语、搭配:① forever and ever(永远;永久) I will love you forever and ever.(我会永远爱你。) ② take forever(花很长时间;没完没了) The homework took forever to finish.(做作业花了很长时间。) 易错点:forever在英式英语中也写作for ever。 26、radio 词义:radio作名词,意为"收音机;无线电"。 I listen to the news on the radio every morning.(我每天早上通过收音机听新闻。) 短语、搭配: ① on the radio(通过收音机;在广播中) I heard the song on the radio.(我是在广播里听到这首歌的。) ② radio station(广播电台) There is a new radio station in our city.(我们城市新开了一家广播电台。) ③ turn on/off the radio(打开/关上收音机) Please turn off the radio. It's too noisy.(请关掉收音机,太吵了。) 易错点:radio的复数形式是radios而非radioes。 27、collection 词义:collection作可数名词,意为"收藏品;收集;采集"。 He has a large collection of stamps.(他有一大批邮票收藏品。) 词形变化:collect v. 收集;采集 collector n. 收藏家;收集者 短语、搭配:① art collection(艺术收藏品) ② collect stamps/coins(集邮/收集硬币) 28、exploration 词义:exploration作名词,意为"探险;探索;研究"。 The exploration of the unknown world excites many people.(对未知世界的探索让许多人兴奋不已。) 词形变化:explore v. 探索;考察 explorer n. 探险家;探索者 短语、搭配:① space exploration(太空探索) ② oil exploration(石油勘探) ③ exploration of(对……的探索) 29、universe 词义:universe作可数名词,通常用单数,意为"宇宙"。 How old is the universe?(宇宙有多久了?) 词形变化:universal adj. 宇宙的;普遍的;全世界的 universally adv. 普遍地;全体地 30、socialism 词义:socialism作不可数名词,意为"社会主义"。 We are building a modern socialist country.(我们正在建设一个现代化的社会主义国家。) 词形变化:social adj. 社会的;社交的 society n. 社会 socialist n. 社会主义者 adj. 社会主义的 socially adv. 在社会上;社交上 短语、搭配:① socialist country(社会主义国家) China is a socialist country.(中国是一个社会主义国家。) 31、hole 词义:hole作可数名词,意为"洞;孔"。 There is a hole in my sock.(我的袜子上有个洞。) 短语、搭配:① dig a hole(挖洞) The rabbit dug a hole in the ground.(兔子在地上挖了一个洞。) 32、daughter 词义:daughter作可数名词,意为"女儿"。 They have two sons and one daughter.(他们有两个儿子和一个女儿。) 词形变化:granddaughter n.(外)孙女 daughter-in-law n. 儿媳(复数形式为daughters-in-law) 33、herself 词义:herself作反身代词,意为"她自己"。 She made the cake by herself.(她独自做了这个蛋糕。) 短语、搭配:① by herself(她自己独自地;独立地) The little girl can dress herself by herself.(这个小女孩可以自己独自穿衣服了。) ② enjoy herself(玩得开心;过得愉快) She enjoyed herself at the party last night.(她昨晚在派对上玩得很开心。) ③ teach herself(自学) She taught herself English at home.(她在家自学了英语。) 34、flight 词义:① flight作可数名词,意为"航班;飞行"。 Our flight was delayed because of the bad weather.(因为恶劣天气,我们的航班延误了。) 短语、搭配:① take a flight(乘坐航班) I took a flight from Beijing to Shanghai.(我乘坐了从北京到上海的航班。) ② flight number(航班号) ③ in flight(在飞行中) Please keep your seat belt fastened during the flight.(飞行期间请系好安全带。) 词形变化:fly v. 飞;飞行(过去式flew,过去分词flown) 35、inventor 词义:inventor作可数名词,意为"发明家;发明者"。 Thomas Edison was a great inventor.(托马斯·爱迪生是一位伟大的发明家。) 词形变化:invent v. 发明;创造 invention n. 发明;创造 36、thinker 词义:thinker作可数名词,意为"思想家;思考者"。 Confucius is a great thinker in Chinese history.(孔子是中国历史上伟大的思想家。) 词形变化:think v. 想;思考(过去式thought,过去分词thought) thought n. 想法;思想 thoughtful adj. 深思的;体贴的 thinking n. 思想;想法 adj. 思想的 短语、搭配:① great thinker(伟大的思想家) Many great thinkers have influenced the world.(许多伟大的思想家影响了世界。) ② deep thinker(思想深刻的人) He is a deep thinker who always asks hard questions.(他是一个思想深刻的人,总是问一些难问题。) 37、period 词义:① period作可数名词,意为"时期;时段;阶段"。 The Spring Festival is a period for family reunions.(春节是一个家人团聚的时段。) 短语、搭配:① a period of time(一段时间) We will stay here for a period of time.(我们将在这里待一段时间。) ② during the period of(在……期间) During the period of the war, many people left their homes.(战争期间,许多人离开了家园。) ③ historical period(历史时期) The Tang Dynasty is an important historical period.(唐朝是一个重要的历史时期。) 38、kindness 词义:kindness作名词,意为"善良;仁慈"。 We should treat others with kindness.(我们应该以善良对待他人。) 词形变化:kind adj. 善良的;友好的 kindly adv. 友好地;和善地 短语、搭配:① show kindness to sb.(对某人表示善意) She always shows kindness to the elderly.(她总是对老年人表示善意。) ② do sb. a kindness(帮某人一个忙) Could you do me a kindness and open the window?(你能帮我个忙打开窗户吗?) ③ out of kindness(出于善意) He helped the poor boy out of kindness.(他出于善意帮助了那个贫穷的男孩。) 39、drop out (of sth) 词义:① drop out (of sth)意为"退学;辍学"。 He dropped out of school when he was 15.(他15岁时辍学了。) ② drop out (of sth)还有"退出;脱离"之意。 She dropped out of the race because she hurt her leg.(她因为腿受伤退出了比赛。) Some members dropped out of the club.(一些成员退出了俱乐部。) 辨析:drop out与drop off ① drop out强调"退出、脱离",常指退出某个组织、活动或从学校退学。 He dropped out of the team.(他退出了团队。) ② drop off强调"中途放下(乘客);(数量)下降;打瞌睡"。 I dropped him off at the airport.(我送他到机场。)【放下乘客】 Sales usually drop off in winter.(冬季销量通常会下降。)【下降】 40、look up to sb 词义:look up to sb意为"尊敬;钦佩(某人)"。 I have always looked up to my father because of his hard work.(我一直钦佩我父亲,因为他工作非常努力。) 易错点:look up to为"动词+副词+介词"型短语,后接人称代词作宾语时用宾格,且放在to之后。如look up to him,不可说look him up to。 辨析:look up to sb、look up与look down on/upon sb ① look up to sb意为"尊敬、钦佩某人",表示仰视、敬重。 We should look up to those who work hard.(我们应该尊敬那些努力工作的人。) ② look up查阅、向上看 Tom is using the dictionary to look up difficult words.(Tom正在使用字典来查阅难词。) ③ look down on/upon sb意为"轻视、看不起某人",表示俯视、瞧不起。 Don't look down on others just because they are poor.(不要因为别人贫穷就看不起他们。) 41、leave behind 词义:① leave behind意为"留下;遗忘"。 I left my umbrella behind on the bus.(我把雨伞忘在公交车上了。) ② leave behind还有"把……抛在后面;超过"的意思。 The young runner left all the others behind.(这位年轻的赛跑运动员把其他所有人都抛在了身后。) ③ leave behind还有"遗留;留下(后果)"之意。 The heavy rain left behind a lot of damage.(这场大雨留下了许多破坏。) 易错点:leave behind为"动词+副词"型短语,后接名词作宾语时,名词可置于leave与behind之间或behind之后;若接代词作宾语,代词必须放在leave与behind之间。 辨析:leave behind与leave out ① leave behind强调"遗忘、落下某物"或"把……抛在后面"。 Take care not to leave anything behind.(小心别落下任何东西。) ② leave out强调"省略、遗漏;不把……包括在内"。 You left out an important detail in your report.(你在报告中遗漏了一个重要细节。) 42、live on 词义:① live on意为"以……为食;靠……生活"。 Cows live on grass.(牛以草为食。) ② live on还有"继续活着;继续存在"之意。 The memory of that great man will live on forever.(那位伟人的记忆将永远留存。) 辨析:live on、live by与live off ① live on强调"以……为食或作为生活来源",后接名词多为食物、收入等。 He lives on rice and vegetables.(他以米饭和蔬菜为食。) ② live by强调"靠……谋生",后接动名词或表示方式的名词。 He lives by fishing.(他以捕鱼为生。) ③ live off强调"靠……养活;依赖……生活",有时含贬义。 He is 30 but still lives off his parents.(他30岁了还靠父母养活。) 43、above all 词义:above all意为"最重要的是;首要的是"。 Above all, you should take care of your health.(最重要的是,你应该照顾好自己的健康。) We need to study hard, but above all, we should be honest.(我们需要努力学习,但最重要的是,我们应该诚实。) 辨析:above all、first of all与after all ① above all意为"最重要的是",强调在众多事物中,这一点最为关键。 You should be kind, and above all, you should be honest.(你应该友善,但最重要的是,你应该诚实。) ② first of all意为"首先",用于列举事项时表示顺序上的第一。 First of all, let me introduce myself.(首先,让我自我介绍一下。) ③ after all意为"毕竟;终究",用于陈述某个理由或提醒对方某个事实。 Don't be too hard on him. He is a child after all.(别对他太严厉了,他毕竟还是个孩子。) 单元单词,短语用法练习 一、根据提示填写单词 1.The famous h________ wrote many books about the Tang Dynasty. 2.My uncle is a ________ (物理学家) and he works in a university. 3.She marked the important date on her c________ so that she wouldn't forget it. 4.The d________ of oil in this area changed the local economy completely. 5.The soldier was ________ (受伤的) in the battle and was sent to the hospital immediately. 6.The whole n________ was sad when they heard the news of the great man's death. 7.The fire s________ quickly through the forest because of the strong wind. 8.This ________ (疾病) mainly affects old people, so young people needn't worry too much. 9.The young p________ made great contributions to the development of the new technology. 10.It's important to keep a ________ (平衡) between work and rest. 11.She showed great c________ when she faced the dangerous situation. 12.It is ________ (必要的) for us to drink enough water every day. 13.People in w________ countries usually eat bread and milk for breakfast. 二、用所给单词的正确形式填空 14.His ________ (admire) behaviour won him great respect from others. 15.My grandfather is a famous ________ (history) who has written many books. 16.The ________ (chemistry) is doing an experiment in the lab. 17.Scientists have made many great ________ (discover) in space exploration. 18.The story happened three ________ (century) ago in a small village. 19.The ________ (wound) soldiers were sent to the hospital at once. 20.We should protect our ________ (nation) treasures and pass them down. 21.The fireman showed great ________ (brave) in saving the child from the fire. 22.We can learn much ________ (wise) from traditional Chinese culture. 23.We need to take a ________ (science) approach to solve this problem. 24.My uncle has a large ________ (collect) of ancient coins. 25.Space ________ (explore) is one of the most exciting fields of science. 26.We should always treat others with ________ (kind) and respect. 三、单项选择 27.Don't ________ your umbrella ________ on the bus again. A.leave; behind B.leave; out C.leave; for D.leave; off 28.We need to consider many factors, but ________, we should make sure it's safe. A.first of all B.above all C.after all D.at all 29.I ________ my mother for her hard work and kindness. A.accept B.attend C.admire D.achieve 30.She ate ________ cake by herself, leaving nothing for others. A.all the B.the whole C.whole D.all 31.It is ________ for us to finish the work before Friday. A.natural B.necessary C.nervous D.national 32.The ________ of the new planet made all the scientists excited. A.invention B.discovery C.collection D.exploration 33.She taught ________ English by watching movies and reading books. A.himself B.myself C.herself D.ourselves 34.The bad news ________ quickly across the whole country. A.spread B.spreaded C.was spreaded D.spreading 四、根据汉语提示完成句子。 35.最重要的是,你要对自己有信心。 ________ ________ , you should have confidence in yourself. 36.他因为家庭贫困而在15岁时辍学了。 He ________ ________ ________ school at the age of 15 because his family was poor. 37.许多年轻科学家钦佩袁隆平为世界作出的贡献。 Many young scientists ________ ________ ________ Yuan Longping for his contributions to the world. 38.不要把作业落在学校了。 Don't ________ your homework ________ at school. 39.在山区,许多人仍然靠种植土豆为生。 In mountain areas, many people still ________ ________ potatoes. 40.我们应该在学习和娱乐之间保持平衡。 We should ________ a ________ between study and play. 41.对我们来说每天锻炼身体是必要的。 ________ ________ ________for us to take exercise every day. 42.我们都钦佩她勇敢的行为。 We all ________ her ________ her brave actions. 43.他鼓起勇气在众人面前说了实话。 He ________ ________ and told the truth in front of everyone. $ Unit 2 Inspiring People 重点单词、短语用法讲练 目录 · 单元重难点单词,短语用法讲解 将单词、短语分层列出,突出重点词汇,便于记忆。 详细讲解重点单词和短语的用法,把握单词、短语的考点、便于全面掌握。 · 单元单词,短语用法练习 通过以下练习,在具体的语境中巩固单词,短语的用法,加深对单词、短语记忆和理解。 单元重难点单词,短语用法讲解 一、单元单词、短语分层列举 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 1. 课标重点单词、短语。 admire /ədˈmaɪə(r)/v. 钦佩;赞赏 historian /hɪˈstɔːriən/ n. 历史学家 chemist /ˈkemɪst/ n. 化学家 physicist /ˈfɪzɪsɪst/ n. 物理学家 hunger /ˈhʌŋɡə(r)/ n. 饥饿 chemistry /ˈkemɪstri/ n. 化学 calendar /ˈkælɪndə(r)/ n. 日历 discovery /dɪˈskʌvəri/ n. 发现 century /ˈsentʃəri/ n. 世纪 wounded /ˈwuːndɪd/ adj. 受伤的;负伤的 airport /ˈeəpɔːt/ n. 机场 nation /ˈneɪʃn/ n. 国家;民族 spread /spred/ n. 传播;散布 v. (spread, spread)传播;散布 disease /dɪˈziːz/ n. 疾病 pioneer /ˌpaɪəˈnɪə(r)/ n. 先驱;先锋 admirable /ˈædmərəbl/ adj. 令人钦佩的 balance /ˈbæləns/ n.平衡 v. 保持平衡 courage /ˈkʌrɪdʒ/ n.勇气;胆量 wisdom /ˈwɪzdəm/ n. 智慧;学问 brave /breɪv/ adj. 勇敢的;无畏的 v. 勇敢面对;经受(困难) necessary /ˈnesəsəri/ adj. 必要的;必需的 western /ˈwestən/ adj. 西方的;西部的 scientific /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/ adj. 科学(上)的 whole /həʊl/ adj. 所有的;完全的 bank /bæŋk/ n. 库;银行 forever /fərˈevə(r)/ adv. 永远 radio /ˈreɪdiəʊ/ n. 无线电;收音机 collection /kəˈlekʃn/ n. 收集物;收藏品 exploration /ˌekspləˈreɪʃn/ n. 探索 universe /ˈjuːnɪvɜːs/ n. 宇宙 socialism /ˈsəʊʃəlɪzəm/ n. 社会主义 hole /həʊl/ n. 洞;孔 daughter /ˈdɔːtə(r)/ n. 女儿 herself /hɜːˈself; həˈself/ pron. 她自己;她本人 flight /flaɪt/ n. 飞行;航班 inventor /ɪnˈventə(r)/ n. 发明家 thinker /ˈθɪŋkə(r)/ n. 思想家 period /ˈpɪəriəd/ n. 时期;一段时间 kindness/ˈkaɪndnəs/ n. 善良 drop out (of sth) 辍学;退出 look up to sb 钦佩;仰慕 leave behind 留下;遗留 live on 继续存在;继续活着 above all 最重要的是;尤其是 2. 非课标重点单词、短语。 inspiring /ɪnˈspaɪərɪŋ/ adj. 鼓舞人心的;激励的 British /ˈbrɪtɪʃ/ adj. 英国的;英国人的 n. 英国人 pyramid /ˈpɪrəmɪd/ n. 金字塔 live /laɪv/ adj. 现场直播的 seed /siːd/ n. 种子 childhood /ˈtʃaɪldhʊd/ n. 童年 dynasty /ˈdɪnəsti; ˈdaɪnəsti/ n. 朝代;王朝 region /ˈriːdʒən/ n. 区域;地区 biologist /baɪˈɒlədʒɪst/ n. 生物学家 woodwork /ˈwʊdwɜːk/ n. 木工手艺 mankind /mænˈkaɪnd/ n. 人类 belief /bɪˈliːf/ n. 信念;看法 二、重点单词、短语用法讲解 1、admire 词义:admire作动词,意为"钦佩;赞赏 "。 We all admire her for her courage.(我们都钦佩她的勇气。) 词形变化:admiration n. 钦佩,羡慕 短语、搭配:① admire sb. for sth.(因某事而钦佩某人) I admire my mother for her hard work.(我钦佩我妈妈的辛勤工作。) 2、historian 词义:historian作可数名词,意为"历史学家"。 The historian wrote many books about ancient China.(这位历史学家写了许多关于中国古代的书。) 词形变化:history n. 历史 historic adj. 历史上著名的,有历史意义的 historical adj. 历史的,史学的 3、chemist 词义:chemist作可数名词,意为"化学家;药剂师"。 She wants to become a chemist when she grows up.(她长大后想成为一名化学家。) 词形变化:chemistry n. 化学 chemical adj. 化学的 n. 化学物质 短语、搭配:① chemistry lab(化学实验室) ② chemistry experiment(化学实验) 4、physicist 词义:physicist作可数名词,意为"物理学家"。 My dream is to become a physicist and study the universe.(我的梦想是成为一名物理学家,研究宇宙。) 词形变化:physics n. 物理(学) physical adj. 物理的;身体的 5、hunger 词义:① hunger作不可数名词,意为"饥饿"。 Hunger is a serious problem in some parts of the world.(饥饿在世界一些地区是一个严重的问题。) ② hunger也可以作动词,意为"渴望;渴求"(常与for/after连用)。 She hungered for knowledge.(她渴求知识。) 词形变化:hungry adj. 饥饿的 hungrily adv. 饥饿地 短语、搭配:① die of hunger(死于饥饿) Thousands of people died of hunger in that country.(在那个国家成千上万的人死于饥饿。) ② hunger for/after sth.(渴望得到某物) He has a hunger for success.(他渴望成功。) 6、calendar 词义:calendar作可数名词,意为"日历;日程表"。 There is a beautiful calendar on the wall.(墙上有一本漂亮的日历。) 短语、搭配:① lunar calendar(农历;阴历) ② solar calendar(阳历;公历) 7、discovery 词义:discovery作名词,意为"发现"。 Scientists have made many important discoveries in recent years.(科学家们在近些年取得了许多重要的发现。) 词形变化:discover v. 发现 discoverer n. 发现者 短语、搭配:① make a discovery(有所发现) Edison made many great discoveries in his life.(爱迪生一生中有许多伟大的发现。) ② the discovery of ...(对……的发现) The discovery of the new planet excited all the scientists.(新行星的发现让所有科学家都兴奋不已。) 易错点:①discovery是可数名词,复数形式为discoveries(变y为i加es)。 ②注意区分discovery与invention:discovery指发现已经存在但尚未被认识的事物,invention指发明创造原本不存在的新事物。 8、century 词义:century作可数名词,意为"世纪;一百年"。 The story happened centuries ago.(这个故事发生在几个世纪以前。) 短语、搭配:① in the ... century(在……世纪) In the 18th century, many great inventions were made.(在18世纪,有许多伟大的发明。) ② over the centuries(几个世纪以来) Over the centuries, people have built many great buildings.(几个世纪以来,人们建造了许多伟大的建筑。) 易错点:century的复数形式为centuries(变y为i加es)。表示"在某个世纪"时用介词in。 9、wounded 词义:wounded作形容词,意为"受伤的;负伤的",通常指因战争、攻击或事故等受外伤。 She found a wounded bird in the garden.(她在花园里发现了一只受伤的小鸟。) 短语、搭配: ①the wounded意为"伤员",表示一类人,作复数含义。 The wounded were taken good care of in the hospital.(伤员们在医院得到了很好的照顾。) ②be/get wounded受伤 He got wounded in the leg.(他腿部受了伤。) 词形变化:wound n. 伤口,创伤 v. 使受伤 辨析:wounded与injured ① wounded通常指在战争、战斗或暴力袭击中受的伤,多指枪伤、刀伤等外伤。 He was wounded in the war.(他在战争中受了伤。) ② injured指在事故、运动等意外中受伤,范围较广。 He was injured in a car accident.(他在一场车祸中受了伤。) 易错点:the wounded指"伤员"群体,作主语时谓语动词用复数。 10、airport 词义:airport作可数名词,意为"飞机场;航空站"。 My father will pick me up at the airport.(我爸爸会去机场接我。) 短语、搭配:① at the airport(在机场) I met an old friend at the airport yesterday.(我昨天在机场遇到了一位老朋友。) ② go to the airport(去机场) We need to go to the airport at 7 o'clock.(我们需要7点钟去机场。) 易错点:表示"在机场"用介词at,不用in。 11、nation 词义:nation作可数名词,意为"国家;民族"。 China is a great nation with a long history.(中国是一个有着悠久历史的伟大国家。) 词形变化:national adj. 国家的,民族的 nationality n. 国籍 international adj. 国际的 短语、搭配:① the United Nations(联合国) 辨析:nation、country与state ① nation侧重指"民族"或"全体国民",强调人民这一概念。 The whole nation is united.(全国人民团结一心。) ② country侧重指"疆土、国土",强调地理和领土概念。 China is a large country.(中国是一个幅员辽阔的国家。) ③ state侧重指"政权、政府",强调政治体制。 The state should protect the rights of its citizens.(国家应保护公民的权利。) 12、spread 词义:① spread作动词,意为"传播;扩散;展开;蔓延"。 The news spread quickly across the country.(这个消息迅速传遍了全国。) ② spread作名词,意为"传播;扩散"。 We should stop the spread of the disease.(我们应该阻止这种疾病的传播。) 短语、搭配:① spread to(蔓延到;传播到) The fire soon spread to the next building.(大火很快蔓延到了旁边的建筑。) ② spread out(散开;铺开) The police asked the crowd to spread out.(警察要求人群散开。) 易错点:spread的过去式和过去分词与原形相同,都是spread,千万不要写成spreaded。 13、disease 词义:disease作名词,意为"疾病"。 This disease mainly affects old people.(这种疾病主要影响老年人。) 短语、搭配:① catch/get a disease(患上疾病) He caught a rare disease during his trip abroad.(他在国外旅行期间患上了一种罕见的疾病。) ② prevent a disease(预防疾病) Eating vegetables can help prevent many diseases.(吃蔬菜有助于预防许多疾病。) ③ heart disease(心脏病) 易错点:①disease为可数名词,复数形式为diseases。 ②注意disease与illness的区别:disease通常指具体的、由某种原因引起的疾病或病害,多用于医学语境;illness更侧重于"生病"的状态,在日常口语中使用较多。 14、pioneer 词义:pioneer作可数名词,意为"先驱;先锋;拓荒者"。 The pioneers in that country built the first railway.(那个国家的拓荒者们修建了第一条铁路。) 短语、搭配:① a pioneer in ...(……方面的先驱) He is a pioneer in computer science.(他是计算机科学方面的先驱。) ② a young pioneer(少先队员) She joined the Young Pioneers when she was in Grade 3.(她三年级时加入了少先队。) 15、admirable 词义:admirable作形容词,意为"值得钦佩的;令人赞赏的"。 He has made admirable progress in his English study.(他在英语学习上取得了令人赞赏的进步。) 词形变化:admire v. 钦佩,羡慕 admiration n. 钦佩,羡慕 短语、搭配:① admirable quality(令人钦佩的品质) ② admirable performance(出色的表现) 辨析:admirable与admiring ① admirable意为"值得钦佩的",表示某物或某人本身具有令人钦佩的特质,主语通常为物或人的品质、行为等。 His bravery is admirable.(他的勇敢令人钦佩。) ② admiring意为"表示钦佩的;赞赏的",用来形容人的表情、目光、言语等。 She gave me an admiring look.(她向我投来赞赏的目光。) 易错点:admirable强调"值得被钦佩",而非"感到钦佩的"。注意不要将其与admiring混淆。常用搭配为be admirable,如:His effort is admirable.(他的努力令人钦佩。) 16、balance 词义:① balance作名词,意为"平衡;均衡"。 It's important to keep a balance between study and play.(保持学习和玩耍之间的平衡很重要。) ② balance作动词,意为"保持平衡"。 The bird can balance on one leg.(这只鸟能用一条腿保持平衡。) 短语、搭配:① keep/lose one's balance(保持/失去平衡) The little boy learned to keep his balance on the bike.(这个小男孩学会了在自行车上保持平衡。) ② keep a balance between A and B(在A和B之间保持平衡) We should keep a balance between study and rest.(我们应该在学习和休息之间保持平衡。) ③ out of balance(失去平衡;不平衡) The boat was out of balance and nearly turned over.(小船失去了平衡,差点翻了。) 词形变化:balanced adj. 平衡的,均衡的 17、courage 词义:courage作不可数名词,意为"勇气;胆量"。 It takes courage to tell the truth.(说实话需要勇气。) 短语、搭配:① have the courage to do sth.(有勇气做某事) She had the courage to speak in front of the whole class.(她有勇气在全班面前发言。) ② take courage(鼓起勇气) He took courage and asked the teacher a question.(他鼓起勇气问了老师一个问题。) ③ lose courage(失去勇气) Never lose courage when you face difficulties.(面对困难时永远不要失去勇气。) 词形变化:courageous adj. 勇敢的,有勇气的 courageously adv. 勇敢地 辨析:courage与bravery ① courage强调在面临危险、困难或痛苦时,精神上的勇气和坚定的意志,常指"不畏艰难,坚持信念"。 He showed great courage in fighting against the disease.(他在与疾病作斗争中表现出了极大的勇气。) ② bravery强调在紧急时刻或危险情况下,行动上的勇敢无畏,多指"临危不惧,勇往直前"。 He got a medal for his bravery in the fire.(他因为在火灾中的英勇行为获得了一枚奖章。) 18、wisdom 词义:wisdom作不可数名词,意为"智慧;学问 "。 We can learn a lot of wisdom from traditional stories.(我们可以从传统故事中学到很多智慧。) 短语、搭配:① ancient wisdom(古老的智慧) Ancient wisdom still has value in our modern life.(古老的智慧在现代生活中依然有价值。) ② words of wisdom(至理名言) My grandfather always gives me words of wisdom.(我的爷爷总是给我一些至理名言。) 词形变化:wise adj. 明智的,有智慧的 wisely adv. 明智地 辨析:wisdom与intelligence ① wisdom强调"智慧",指通过生活经验积累的判断力、洞察力和明辨是非的能力,常用于形容年长者。 We should respect the wisdom of the old.(我们应当尊重长者的智慧。) ② intelligence强调"智力、聪明才智",侧重指学习和理解事物的天赋和能力。 He has very high intelligence and does well in all subjects.(他智商很高,各科成绩都很优秀。) 19、brave 词义:brave作形容词,意为"勇敢的;无畏的"。 Be brave! You can do it.(勇敢一点!你能做到的。) 词形变化:bravely adv. 勇敢地 bravery n. 勇敢,勇气 短语、搭配:① be brave to do sth.(有勇气做某事) You should be brave to face your problems.(你应该勇敢地面对你的问题。) ② it is brave of sb. to do sth.(某人做某事真勇敢) It was brave of him to jump into the river to save the child.(他跳进河里救那个孩子,真勇敢。) 20、necessary 词义:necessary作形容词,意为"必要的;必需的"。 Water is necessary for all living things.(水对所有生物来说都是必需的。) 词形变化:necessarily adv. 必要地;必然地 necessity n. 必需品;必要性 unnecessary adj. 不必要的 短语、搭配:① it is necessary (for sb.) to do sth.((对某人来说)做某事是必要的) It is necessary for students to get enough sleep.(对学生来说,保证充足的睡眠是必要的。) ② if necessary(如果有必要的话) You can call me if necessary.(如果有必要的话,你可以给我打电话。) ③ necessary for(对……是必需的) Exercise is necessary for good health.(锻炼对身体健康是必需的。) 易错点:表示"对某人来说做某事是必要的"常用句型为It is necessary for sb. to do sth.,介词用for,不可用of。 21、western 词义:western作形容词,意为"西方的;西部的"。 The western part of the city is more beautiful than the east.(这座城市的西部比东部更美丽。) 词形变化:west n. 西方;西部 adj. 西方的 adv. 向西方 westerner n. 西方人 短语、搭配:① Western countries(西方国家) ② western food(西餐) ③ the Western world(西方世界) 辨析:western与west ① western是形容词,意为"西部的;西方的",强调地理位置在西部或与西方有关的。 He lives in western China.(他住在中国西部。) ② west可作名词(西部)、形容词(在西方的)和副词(向西方)。 He lives in the west of China.(他住在中国西部。) He walked west.(他朝西走。) 易错点:表示"在……的西部"时,若在范围内部用in the western part of,若在范围外部用to the west of。 22、scientific 词义:scientific作形容词,意为"科学的;科学上的"。 We need to take a scientific approach to this problem.(我们需要用科学的方法来处理这个问题。) 词形变化:science n. 科学 scientist n. 科学家 短语、搭配:① scientific research(科学研究) ② scientific method(科学方法) ③ scientific experiment(科学实验) 23、whole 词义:① whole作形容词,意为"全部的;完整的"。 She ate the whole cake by herself.(她一个人吃掉了整个蛋糕。) ② whole作可数名词,意为"整体;全部",常用单数形式。 The whole of the class went to the museum.(全班都去了博物馆。) 词形变化:wholly adv. 完全地;全部地 短语、搭配:① as a whole(作为一个整体;总体上) We should look at the problem as a whole.(我们应该从整体上看待这个问题。) ② on the whole(总的来说;大体上) On the whole, I think you did a good job.(总的来说,我认为你做得很好。) 辨析:whole与all ① whole通常放在冠词、物主代词或指示代词之后,即"the/ my/ this + whole + 名词"。 She told me the whole story.(她告诉了我整个故事。) ② all通常放在冠词、物主代词或指示代词之前,即"all + the/ my/ this + 名词"。 She told me all the story.(她告诉了我整个故事。)【注意:强调"全部内容"而非"完整性"】 易错点:whole一般不修饰不可数名词或复数名词,如不说whole water或whole books(应改为all the water或all the books)。但可以说the whole bottle of water或the whole set of books。 24、bank 词义:① bank作可数名词,意为"库;银行"。 My mother works in a bank.(我妈妈在银行工作。) ② bank作可数名词,意为"河岸;堤岸"。 We sat on the bank of the river and had a picnic.(我们坐在河岸上野餐。) 短语、搭配:① blood bank(血库) ② a bank of(一排;一群) There is a bank of clouds in the sky.(天边有一排云。) ③ bank account(银行账户) 25、forever 词义:forever作副词,意为"永远"。 I will remember this day forever.(我会永远记住这一天。) 短语、搭配:① forever and ever(永远;永久) I will love you forever and ever.(我会永远爱你。) ② take forever(花很长时间;没完没了) The homework took forever to finish.(做作业花了很长时间。) 易错点:forever在英式英语中也写作for ever。 26、radio 词义:radio作名词,意为"收音机;无线电"。 I listen to the news on the radio every morning.(我每天早上通过收音机听新闻。) 短语、搭配: ① on the radio(通过收音机;在广播中) I heard the song on the radio.(我是在广播里听到这首歌的。) ② radio station(广播电台) There is a new radio station in our city.(我们城市新开了一家广播电台。) ③ turn on/off the radio(打开/关上收音机) Please turn off the radio. It's too noisy.(请关掉收音机,太吵了。) 易错点:radio的复数形式是radios而非radioes。 27、collection 词义:collection作可数名词,意为"收藏品;收集;采集"。 He has a large collection of stamps.(他有一大批邮票收藏品。) 词形变化:collect v. 收集;采集 collector n. 收藏家;收集者 短语、搭配:① art collection(艺术收藏品) ② collect stamps/coins(集邮/收集硬币) 28、exploration 词义:exploration作名词,意为"探险;探索;研究"。 The exploration of the unknown world excites many people.(对未知世界的探索让许多人兴奋不已。) 词形变化:explore v. 探索;考察 explorer n. 探险家;探索者 短语、搭配:① space exploration(太空探索) ② oil exploration(石油勘探) ③ exploration of(对……的探索) 29、universe 词义:universe作可数名词,通常用单数,意为"宇宙"。 How old is the universe?(宇宙有多久了?) 词形变化:universal adj. 宇宙的;普遍的;全世界的 universally adv. 普遍地;全体地 30、socialism 词义:socialism作不可数名词,意为"社会主义"。 We are building a modern socialist country.(我们正在建设一个现代化的社会主义国家。) 词形变化:social adj. 社会的;社交的 society n. 社会 socialist n. 社会主义者 adj. 社会主义的 socially adv. 在社会上;社交上 短语、搭配:① socialist country(社会主义国家) China is a socialist country.(中国是一个社会主义国家。) 31、hole 词义:hole作可数名词,意为"洞;孔"。 There is a hole in my sock.(我的袜子上有个洞。) 短语、搭配:① dig a hole(挖洞) The rabbit dug a hole in the ground.(兔子在地上挖了一个洞。) 32、daughter 词义:daughter作可数名词,意为"女儿"。 They have two sons and one daughter.(他们有两个儿子和一个女儿。) 词形变化:granddaughter n.(外)孙女 daughter-in-law n. 儿媳(复数形式为daughters-in-law) 33、herself 词义:herself作反身代词,意为"她自己"。 She made the cake by herself.(她独自做了这个蛋糕。) 短语、搭配:① by herself(她自己独自地;独立地) The little girl can dress herself by herself.(这个小女孩可以自己独自穿衣服了。) ② enjoy herself(玩得开心;过得愉快) She enjoyed herself at the party last night.(她昨晚在派对上玩得很开心。) ③ teach herself(自学) She taught herself English at home.(她在家自学了英语。) 34、flight 词义:① flight作可数名词,意为"航班;飞行"。 Our flight was delayed because of the bad weather.(因为恶劣天气,我们的航班延误了。) 短语、搭配:① take a flight(乘坐航班) I took a flight from Beijing to Shanghai.(我乘坐了从北京到上海的航班。) ② flight number(航班号) ③ in flight(在飞行中) Please keep your seat belt fastened during the flight.(飞行期间请系好安全带。) 词形变化:fly v. 飞;飞行(过去式flew,过去分词flown) 35、inventor 词义:inventor作可数名词,意为"发明家;发明者"。 Thomas Edison was a great inventor.(托马斯·爱迪生是一位伟大的发明家。) 词形变化:invent v. 发明;创造 invention n. 发明;创造 36、thinker 词义:thinker作可数名词,意为"思想家;思考者"。 Confucius is a great thinker in Chinese history.(孔子是中国历史上伟大的思想家。) 词形变化:think v. 想;思考(过去式thought,过去分词thought) thought n. 想法;思想 thoughtful adj. 深思的;体贴的 thinking n. 思想;想法 adj. 思想的 短语、搭配:① great thinker(伟大的思想家) Many great thinkers have influenced the world.(许多伟大的思想家影响了世界。) ② deep thinker(思想深刻的人) He is a deep thinker who always asks hard questions.(他是一个思想深刻的人,总是问一些难问题。) 37、period 词义:① period作可数名词,意为"时期;时段;阶段"。 The Spring Festival is a period for family reunions.(春节是一个家人团聚的时段。) 短语、搭配:① a period of time(一段时间) We will stay here for a period of time.(我们将在这里待一段时间。) ② during the period of(在……期间) During the period of the war, many people left their homes.(战争期间,许多人离开了家园。) ③ historical period(历史时期) The Tang Dynasty is an important historical period.(唐朝是一个重要的历史时期。) 38、kindness 词义:kindness作名词,意为"善良;仁慈"。 We should treat others with kindness.(我们应该以善良对待他人。) 词形变化:kind adj. 善良的;友好的 kindly adv. 友好地;和善地 短语、搭配:① show kindness to sb.(对某人表示善意) She always shows kindness to the elderly.(她总是对老年人表示善意。) ② do sb. a kindness(帮某人一个忙) Could you do me a kindness and open the window?(你能帮我个忙打开窗户吗?) ③ out of kindness(出于善意) He helped the poor boy out of kindness.(他出于善意帮助了那个贫穷的男孩。) 39、drop out (of sth) 词义:① drop out (of sth)意为"退学;辍学"。 He dropped out of school when he was 15.(他15岁时辍学了。) ② drop out (of sth)还有"退出;脱离"之意。 She dropped out of the race because she hurt her leg.(她因为腿受伤退出了比赛。) Some members dropped out of the club.(一些成员退出了俱乐部。) 辨析:drop out与drop off ① drop out强调"退出、脱离",常指退出某个组织、活动或从学校退学。 He dropped out of the team.(他退出了团队。) ② drop off强调"中途放下(乘客);(数量)下降;打瞌睡"。 I dropped him off at the airport.(我送他到机场。)【放下乘客】 Sales usually drop off in winter.(冬季销量通常会下降。)【下降】 40、look up to sb 词义:look up to sb意为"尊敬;钦佩(某人)"。 I have always looked up to my father because of his hard work.(我一直钦佩我父亲,因为他工作非常努力。) 易错点:look up to为"动词+副词+介词"型短语,后接人称代词作宾语时用宾格,且放在to之后。如look up to him,不可说look him up to。 辨析:look up to sb、look up与look down on/upon sb ① look up to sb意为"尊敬、钦佩某人",表示仰视、敬重。 We should look up to those who work hard.(我们应该尊敬那些努力工作的人。) ② look up查阅、向上看 Tom is using the dictionary to look up difficult words.(Tom正在使用字典来查阅难词。) ③ look down on/upon sb意为"轻视、看不起某人",表示俯视、瞧不起。 Don't look down on others just because they are poor.(不要因为别人贫穷就看不起他们。) 41、leave behind 词义:① leave behind意为"留下;遗忘"。 I left my umbrella behind on the bus.(我把雨伞忘在公交车上了。) ② leave behind还有"把……抛在后面;超过"的意思。 The young runner left all the others behind.(这位年轻的赛跑运动员把其他所有人都抛在了身后。) ③ leave behind还有"遗留;留下(后果)"之意。 The heavy rain left behind a lot of damage.(这场大雨留下了许多破坏。) 易错点:leave behind为"动词+副词"型短语,后接名词作宾语时,名词可置于leave与behind之间或behind之后;若接代词作宾语,代词必须放在leave与behind之间。 辨析:leave behind与leave out ① leave behind强调"遗忘、落下某物"或"把……抛在后面"。 Take care not to leave anything behind.(小心别落下任何东西。) ② leave out强调"省略、遗漏;不把……包括在内"。 You left out an important detail in your report.(你在报告中遗漏了一个重要细节。) 42、live on 词义:① live on意为"以……为食;靠……生活"。 Cows live on grass.(牛以草为食。) ② live on还有"继续活着;继续存在"之意。 The memory of that great man will live on forever.(那位伟人的记忆将永远留存。) 辨析:live on、live by与live off ① live on强调"以……为食或作为生活来源",后接名词多为食物、收入等。 He lives on rice and vegetables.(他以米饭和蔬菜为食。) ② live by强调"靠……谋生",后接动名词或表示方式的名词。 He lives by fishing.(他以捕鱼为生。) ③ live off强调"靠……养活;依赖……生活",有时含贬义。 He is 30 but still lives off his parents.(他30岁了还靠父母养活。) 43、above all 词义:above all意为"最重要的是;首要的是"。 Above all, you should take care of your health.(最重要的是,你应该照顾好自己的健康。) We need to study hard, but above all, we should be honest.(我们需要努力学习,但最重要的是,我们应该诚实。) 辨析:above all、first of all与after all ① above all意为"最重要的是",强调在众多事物中,这一点最为关键。 You should be kind, and above all, you should be honest.(你应该友善,但最重要的是,你应该诚实。) ② first of all意为"首先",用于列举事项时表示顺序上的第一。 First of all, let me introduce myself.(首先,让我自我介绍一下。) ③ after all意为"毕竟;终究",用于陈述某个理由或提醒对方某个事实。 Don't be too hard on him. He is a child after all.(别对他太严厉了,他毕竟还是个孩子。) 单元单词,短语用法练习 一、根据提示填写单词 1.The famous h________ wrote many books about the Tang Dynasty. 【答案】historian 【详解】句意:这位著名的历史学家写了许多关于唐朝的书。根据首字母h及后文“wrote many books about the Tang Dynasty”可知,此处指“历史学家”,对应名词historian。空格前有定冠词The和形容词famous,需填名词单数作主语,故填historian。 2.My uncle is a ________ (物理学家) and he works in a university. 【答案】physicist 【详解】句意:我叔叔是一位物理学家,他在一所大学工作。中文提示“物理学家”,对应名词physicist。空格前有不定冠词a,需填可数名词单数,作表语说明职业,故填physicist。 3.She marked the important date on her c________ so that she wouldn't forget it. 【答案】calendar 【详解】句意:她在日历上标出了那个重要的日期,以免忘记。根据首字母c及“marked the important date”可知,此处指“日历”,对应名词calendar。空格前有形容词性物主代词her,需填名词单数作宾语,故填calendar。 4.The d________ of oil in this area changed the local economy completely. 【答案】discovery 【详解】句意:这个地区石油的发现彻底改变了当地经济。根据首字母d及“of oil”可知,此处指“发现”,对应名词discovery。空格处在句中作主语,由谓语changed可知需用单数形式,故填discovery。 5.The soldier was ________ (受伤的) in the battle and was sent to the hospital immediately. 【答案】wounded 【详解】句意:这名士兵在战斗中受伤了,被立即送往医院。中文提示“受伤的”,对应形容词wounded。空格前有系动词was,需填形容词作表语,描述主语状态,be wounded in意为“在……中受伤”,故填wounded。 6.The whole n________ was sad when they heard the news of the great man's death. 【答案】nation 【详解】句意:听到这位伟人去世的消息时,整个国家都感到悲伤。根据首字母n及“whole”和“was sad”可知,此处指“全体国民;国家”,对应名词nation。主语为单数,谓语用was,故填nation。 7.The fire s________ quickly through the forest because of the strong wind. 【答案】spread 【详解】句意:因为风很大,大火迅速在森林中蔓延。根据首字母s及“quickly through the forest”可知,此处指“蔓延”,对应动词spread。描述过去发生的事,应用一般过去时,spread的过去式与原形相同,故填spread。 8.This ________ (疾病) mainly affects old people, so young people needn't worry too much. 【答案】disease 【详解】句意:这种疾病主要影响老年人,所以年轻人不必过于担心。中文提示“疾病”,对应名词disease。空格前有指示代词This,需填可数名词单数,作主语,谓语affects为第三人称单数,故填disease。 9.The young p________ made great contributions to the development of the new technology. 【答案】pioneer 【详解】句意:这位年轻先驱为新技术的发展作出了巨大贡献。根据首字母p及“made great contributions to the development of new technology”可知,此处指“先驱;先锋”,对应名词pioneer。空格前有定冠词The和形容词young,需填名词单数作主语,故填pioneer。 10.It's important to keep a ________ (平衡) between work and rest. 【答案】balance 【详解】句意:保持工作与休息之间的平衡很重要。中文提示“平衡”,对应名词balance。空格前有不定冠词a,需填名词单数,作keep的宾语,keep a balance between意为“在……之间保持平衡”,故填balance。 11.She showed great c________ when she faced the dangerous situation. 【答案】courage 【详解】句意:面对危险情况时,她表现出了巨大的勇气。根据首字母c及“faced the dangerous situation”可知,此处指“勇气”,对应名词courage。空格前有形容词great,需填不可数名词作宾语,show courage意为“表现出勇气”,故填courage。 12.It is ________ (必要的) for us to drink enough water every day. 【答案】necessary 【详解】句意:每天喝足够的水对我们来说是必要的。中文提示“必要的”,对应形容词necessary。空格前有系动词is,需填形容词作表语,构成固定句型It is necessary for sb. to do sth.,故填necessary。 13.People in w________ countries usually eat bread and milk for breakfast. 【答案】western 【详解】句意:西方国家的人早餐通常吃面包和牛奶。根据首字母w及“countries”可知,此处指“西方的”,对应形容词western。空格后为名词countries,需填形容词作定语,故填western。 二、用所给单词的正确形式填空 14.His ________ (admire) behaviour won him great respect from others. 【答案】admirable 【详解】句意:他令人钦佩的行为为他赢得了别人的极大尊重。括号内admire为动词“钦佩”。空格后behaviour是名词,需用形容词修饰;admire的形容词形式中,admirable意为“值得钦佩的”,修饰行为、品质等事物。故填admirable。 15.My grandfather is a famous ________ (history) who has written many books. 【答案】historian 【详解】句意:我的祖父是一位著名的历史学家,写了许多书。括号内history为名词“历史”。空格前有不定冠词a和形容词famous,需填表示“历史学家”的名词,history变名词后缀为-ian,故填historian。 16.The ________ (chemistry) is doing an experiment in the lab. 【答案】chemist 【详解】句意:这位化学家正在实验室里做实验。括号内chemistry为名词“化学”。空格前有定冠词The,需填表示“化学家”的名词作主语,chemistry变名词后缀为-ist,故填chemist。 17.Scientists have made many great ________ (discover) in space exploration. 【答案】discoveries 【详解】句意:科学家们在太空探索中取得了许多重大发现。括号内discover为动词“发现”。空格前有many great,需填可数名词复数作宾语,discover变名词为discovery,复数形式变y为i加es,故填discoveries。 18.The story happened three ________ (century) ago in a small village. 【答案】centuries 【详解】句意:这个故事发生在三个世纪前的一个小村庄里。括号内century为名词“世纪”。空格前有数词three,需填可数名词复数,century变复数变y为i加es,故填centuries。 19.The ________ (wound) soldiers were sent to the hospital at once. 【答案】wounded 【详解】句意:受伤的士兵们被立即送往医院。括号内wound为名词“伤口”或动词“使受伤”。空格后soldiers是名词,需填形容词作定语,wound的形容词形式wounded意为“受伤的”,故填wounded。 20.We should protect our ________ (nation) treasures and pass them down. 【答案】national 【详解】句意:我们应该保护我们的国家珍宝并将其传承下去。括号内nation为名词“国家”。空格后treasures是名词,需填形容词作定语,nation变形容词为national,意为“国家的”,故填national。 21.The fireman showed great ________ (brave) in saving the child from the fire. 【答案】bravery 【详解】句意:那名消防员在从火中救出孩子时表现出了巨大的勇气。括号内brave为形容词“勇敢的”。空格前有形容词great,需填名词作宾语,brave变名词为bravery,意为“勇气”,故填bravery。 22.We can learn much ________ (wise) from traditional Chinese culture. 【答案】wisdom 【详解】句意:我们可以从中国传统文化中学到很多智慧。括号内wise为形容词“明智的”。空格前有much,需填不可数名词作宾语,wise变名词为wisdom,意为“智慧”,故填wisdom。 23.We need to take a ________ (science) approach to solve this problem. 【答案】scientific 【详解】句意:我们需要用科学的方法来解决这个问题。括号内science为名词“科学”。空格后approach是名词,需填形容词作定语,science变形容词为scientific,意为“科学的”,故填scientific。 24.My uncle has a large ________ (collect) of ancient coins. 【答案】collection 【详解】句意:我叔叔有一大批古钱币收藏品。括号内collect为动词“收集”。空格前有a large,需填可数名词单数作宾语,collect变名词为collection,意为“收藏品”,故填collection。 25.Space ________ (explore) is one of the most exciting fields of science. 【答案】exploration 【详解】句意:太空探索是最令人兴奋的科学领域之一。括号内explore为动词“探索”。空格处在句中作主语,需填名词,explore变名词为exploration,意为“探索”,不可数,故填exploration。 26.We should always treat others with ________ (kind) and respect. 【答案】kindness 【详解】句意:我们应该始终以善良和尊重对待他人。括号内kind为形容词“善良的”。空格前有介词with,需填名词作宾语,kind变名词为kindness,意为“善良”,不可数,故填kindness。 三、单项选择 27.Don't ________ your umbrella ________ on the bus again. A.leave; behind B.leave; out C.leave; for D.leave; off 【答案】A 【详解】句意:别再把你的雨伞落在公交车上了。 leave behind留下、遗忘;leave out省略、遗漏;leave for前往;leave off停止。根据“on the bus”可知,此处指把雨伞遗忘在公交车上,leave behind符合语境,故选A。 28.We need to consider many factors, but ________, we should make sure it's safe. A.first of all B.above all C.after all D.at all 【答案】B 【详解】句意:我们需要考虑很多因素,但最重要的是,我们应该确保它是安全的。 first of all首先;above all最重要的是;after all毕竟;at all根本。根据“but”和“we should make sure it's safe”可知,此处强调安全最为重要,above all表示在众多因素中这一点最关键,故选B。 29.I ________ my mother for her hard work and kindness. A.accept B.attend C.admire D.achieve 【答案】C 【详解】句意:我敬佩我母亲的辛勤工作和善良。 accept接受;attend参加;admire钦佩、赞赏;achieve实现。根据“for her hard work and kindness”可知,此处表达因某人的品质而钦佩对方,admire sb. for sth.为固定搭配,故选C。 30.She ate ________ cake by herself, leaving nothing for others. A.all the B.the whole C.whole D.all 【答案】B 【详解】句意:她一个人吃掉了整个蛋糕,什么也没给别人留下。 all the + 名词意为“所有的”;the whole + 名词意为“整个的”,强调完整性;whole单独使用不修饰单数名词;all单独使用后面不直接加名词。cake为可数名词单数,表示“整个蛋糕”用the whole cake,故选B。 31.It is ________ for us to finish the work before Friday. A.natural B.necessary C.nervous D.national 【答案】B 【详解】句意:对我们来说在周五之前完成这项工作是有必要的。 natural自然的;necessary必要的;nervous紧张的;national国家的。根据“finish the work before Friday”可知,此处表示时间上的必要性,固定句型It is necessary for sb. to do sth.意为“对某人来说做某事是必要的”,故选B。 32.The ________ of the new planet made all the scientists excited. A.invention B.discovery C.collection D.exploration 【答案】B 【详解】句意:这颗新行星的发现让所有科学家都兴奋不已。 invention发明(创造原本不存在的事物);discovery发现(发现已存在但未被认识的事物);collection收藏品;exploration探索。行星原本就存在,只是未被发现,应用discovery。故选B。 33.She taught ________ English by watching movies and reading books. A.himself B.myself C.herself D.ourselves 【答案】C 【详解】句意:她通过看电影和读书自学了英语。 himself他自己;myself我自己;herself她自己;ourselves我们自己。主语为She,反身代词应用herself,teach oneself意为“自学”,故选C。 34.The bad news ________ quickly across the whole country. A.spread B.spreaded C.was spreaded D.spreading 【答案】A 【详解】句意:这个坏消息迅速传遍了全国。 spread的过去式和过去分词与原形相同,均为spread;spreaded为错误形式;was spreaded语法错误;spreading不能作谓语。描述过去发生的事用一般过去时,主动语态,故填spread,选A。 四、根据汉语提示完成句子。 35.最重要的是,你要对自己有信心。 ________ ________ , you should have confidence in yourself. 【答案】Above all 【详解】句意对照:中文“最重要的是”对应英文空格处。关键词为“最重要的是”,对应固定短语above all,表示在众多事项中这一点最为关键,置于句首作状语,首字母大写。故填Above all。 36.他因为家庭贫困而在15岁时辍学了。 He ________ ________ ________ school at the age of 15 because his family was poor. 【答案】dropped out of 【详解】句意对照:“辍学”对应英文空格。关键词“辍学”对应固定短语drop out of。描述15岁时发生的事,用一般过去时,drop的过去式为dropped。故填dropped out of。 37.许多年轻科学家钦佩袁隆平为世界作出的贡献。 Many young scientists ________ ________ ________ Yuan Longping for his contributions to the world. 【答案】look up to 【详解】句意对照:“钦佩”对应英文空格。关键词“钦佩”对应固定短语look up to sb.,表示尊敬、仰慕。描述一般事实,用一般现在时,主语为复数,谓语用原形。故填look up to。 38.不要把作业落在学校了。 Don't ________ your homework ________ at school. 【答案】leave behind 【详解】句意对照:“把……落在”对应英文空格。关键词“把……落在”对应固定短语leave behind,表示遗忘在某处。祈使句否定式Don't后接动词原形,leave behind为“动词+副词”型短语,名词作宾语可置于副词前或后。故填leave behind。 39.在山区,许多人仍然靠种植土豆为生。 In mountain areas, many people still ________ ________ potatoes. 【答案】live on 【详解】句意对照:“靠……为生”对应英文空格。关键词“以……为食;靠……生活”对应固定短语live on,后接食物或生活来源。描述一般事实,用一般现在时,主语many people为复数,谓语用原形。故填live on。 40.我们应该在学习和娱乐之间保持平衡。 We should ________ a ________ between study and play. 【答案】keep; balance 【详解】句意对照:“保持平衡”对应英文空格。关键词“保持平衡”对应固定搭配keep a balance between A and B。空格前有情态动词should,后接动词原形keep,balance作keep的宾语。故填keep balance。 41.对我们来说每天锻炼身体是必要的。 ________ ________ ________for us to take exercise every day. 【答案】It is necessary 【详解】句意对照:“……是必要的”对应英文空格。关键词“对某人来说做某事是必要的”对应固定句型It is necessary for sb. to do sth.。It作形式主语,真正主语为后面的不定式,be动词用is。故填It is necessary。 42.我们都钦佩她勇敢的行为。 We all ________ her ________ her brave actions. 【答案】admire; for 【详解】句意对照:“因……而钦佩某人”对应英文空格。关键词“因某事钦佩某人”对应固定搭配admire sb. for sth.。描述一般事实,用一般现在时,主语We为复数,谓语用原形。故填admire for。 43.他鼓起勇气在众人面前说了实话。 He ________ ________ and told the truth in front of everyone. 【答案】took courage 【详解】句意对照:“鼓起勇气”对应英文空格。关键词“鼓起勇气”对应固定短语take courage。描述过去发生的事,用一般过去时,take的过去式为took。故填took courage。 $

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Unit 2 Inspiring People 单元重点单词、短语用法讲练-2026-2027学年新人教版九年级英语上学期
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Unit 2 Inspiring People 单元重点单词、短语用法讲练-2026-2027学年新人教版九年级英语上学期
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Unit 2 Inspiring People 单元重点单词、短语用法讲练-2026-2027学年新人教版九年级英语上学期
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