内容正文:
Unit 2 Inspiring People 重点单词、短语用法讲练
目录
· 单元重难点单词,短语用法讲解
将单词、短语分层列出,突出重点词汇,便于记忆。
详细讲解重点单词和短语的用法,把握单词、短语的考点、便于全面掌握。
· 单元单词,短语用法练习
通过以下练习,在具体的语境中巩固单词,短语的用法,加深对单词、短语记忆和理解。
单元重难点单词,短语用法讲解
一、单元单词、短语分层列举
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1. 课标重点单词、短语。
admire /ədˈmaɪə(r)/v. 钦佩;赞赏
historian /hɪˈstɔːriən/ n. 历史学家
chemist /ˈkemɪst/ n. 化学家
physicist /ˈfɪzɪsɪst/ n. 物理学家
hunger /ˈhʌŋɡə(r)/ n. 饥饿
chemistry /ˈkemɪstri/ n. 化学
calendar /ˈkælɪndə(r)/ n. 日历
discovery /dɪˈskʌvəri/ n. 发现
century /ˈsentʃəri/ n. 世纪
wounded /ˈwuːndɪd/ adj. 受伤的;负伤的
airport /ˈeəpɔːt/ n. 机场
nation /ˈneɪʃn/ n. 国家;民族
spread /spred/ n. 传播;散布 v. (spread, spread)传播;散布
disease /dɪˈziːz/ n. 疾病
pioneer /ˌpaɪəˈnɪə(r)/ n. 先驱;先锋
admirable /ˈædmərəbl/ adj. 令人钦佩的
balance /ˈbæləns/ n.平衡 v. 保持平衡
courage /ˈkʌrɪdʒ/ n.勇气;胆量
wisdom /ˈwɪzdəm/ n. 智慧;学问
brave /breɪv/ adj. 勇敢的;无畏的 v. 勇敢面对;经受(困难)
necessary /ˈnesəsəri/ adj. 必要的;必需的
western /ˈwestən/ adj. 西方的;西部的
scientific /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/ adj. 科学(上)的
whole /həʊl/ adj. 所有的;完全的
bank /bæŋk/ n. 库;银行
forever /fərˈevə(r)/ adv. 永远
radio /ˈreɪdiəʊ/ n. 无线电;收音机
collection /kəˈlekʃn/ n. 收集物;收藏品
exploration /ˌekspləˈreɪʃn/ n. 探索
universe /ˈjuːnɪvɜːs/ n. 宇宙
socialism /ˈsəʊʃəlɪzəm/ n. 社会主义
hole /həʊl/ n. 洞;孔
daughter /ˈdɔːtə(r)/ n. 女儿
herself /hɜːˈself; həˈself/ pron. 她自己;她本人
flight /flaɪt/ n. 飞行;航班
inventor /ɪnˈventə(r)/ n. 发明家
thinker /ˈθɪŋkə(r)/ n. 思想家
period /ˈpɪəriəd/ n. 时期;一段时间
kindness/ˈkaɪndnəs/ n. 善良
drop out (of sth) 辍学;退出
look up to sb 钦佩;仰慕
leave behind 留下;遗留
live on 继续存在;继续活着
above all 最重要的是;尤其是
2. 非课标重点单词、短语。
inspiring /ɪnˈspaɪərɪŋ/ adj. 鼓舞人心的;激励的
British /ˈbrɪtɪʃ/ adj. 英国的;英国人的 n. 英国人
pyramid /ˈpɪrəmɪd/ n. 金字塔
live /laɪv/ adj. 现场直播的
seed /siːd/ n. 种子
childhood /ˈtʃaɪldhʊd/ n. 童年
dynasty /ˈdɪnəsti; ˈdaɪnəsti/ n. 朝代;王朝
region /ˈriːdʒən/ n. 区域;地区
biologist /baɪˈɒlədʒɪst/ n. 生物学家
woodwork /ˈwʊdwɜːk/ n. 木工手艺
mankind /mænˈkaɪnd/ n. 人类
belief /bɪˈliːf/ n. 信念;看法
二、重点单词、短语用法讲解
1、admire
词义:admire作动词,意为"钦佩;赞赏 "。
We all admire her for her courage.(我们都钦佩她的勇气。)
词形变化:admiration n. 钦佩,羡慕
短语、搭配:① admire sb. for sth.(因某事而钦佩某人)
I admire my mother for her hard work.(我钦佩我妈妈的辛勤工作。)
2、historian
词义:historian作可数名词,意为"历史学家"。
The historian wrote many books about ancient China.(这位历史学家写了许多关于中国古代的书。)
词形变化:history n. 历史
historic adj. 历史上著名的,有历史意义的
historical adj. 历史的,史学的
3、chemist
词义:chemist作可数名词,意为"化学家;药剂师"。
She wants to become a chemist when she grows up.(她长大后想成为一名化学家。)
词形变化:chemistry n. 化学
chemical adj. 化学的 n. 化学物质
短语、搭配:① chemistry lab(化学实验室)
② chemistry experiment(化学实验)
4、physicist
词义:physicist作可数名词,意为"物理学家"。
My dream is to become a physicist and study the universe.(我的梦想是成为一名物理学家,研究宇宙。)
词形变化:physics n. 物理(学)
physical adj. 物理的;身体的
5、hunger
词义:① hunger作不可数名词,意为"饥饿"。
Hunger is a serious problem in some parts of the world.(饥饿在世界一些地区是一个严重的问题。)
② hunger也可以作动词,意为"渴望;渴求"(常与for/after连用)。
She hungered for knowledge.(她渴求知识。)
词形变化:hungry adj. 饥饿的
hungrily adv. 饥饿地
短语、搭配:① die of hunger(死于饥饿)
Thousands of people died of hunger in that country.(在那个国家成千上万的人死于饥饿。)
② hunger for/after sth.(渴望得到某物)
He has a hunger for success.(他渴望成功。)
6、calendar
词义:calendar作可数名词,意为"日历;日程表"。
There is a beautiful calendar on the wall.(墙上有一本漂亮的日历。)
短语、搭配:① lunar calendar(农历;阴历)
② solar calendar(阳历;公历)
7、discovery
词义:discovery作名词,意为"发现"。
Scientists have made many important discoveries in recent years.(科学家们在近些年取得了许多重要的发现。)
词形变化:discover v. 发现
discoverer n. 发现者
短语、搭配:① make a discovery(有所发现)
Edison made many great discoveries in his life.(爱迪生一生中有许多伟大的发现。)
② the discovery of ...(对……的发现)
The discovery of the new planet excited all the scientists.(新行星的发现让所有科学家都兴奋不已。)
易错点:①discovery是可数名词,复数形式为discoveries(变y为i加es)。
②注意区分discovery与invention:discovery指发现已经存在但尚未被认识的事物,invention指发明创造原本不存在的新事物。
8、century
词义:century作可数名词,意为"世纪;一百年"。
The story happened centuries ago.(这个故事发生在几个世纪以前。)
短语、搭配:① in the ... century(在……世纪)
In the 18th century, many great inventions were made.(在18世纪,有许多伟大的发明。)
② over the centuries(几个世纪以来)
Over the centuries, people have built many great buildings.(几个世纪以来,人们建造了许多伟大的建筑。)
易错点:century的复数形式为centuries(变y为i加es)。表示"在某个世纪"时用介词in。
9、wounded
词义:wounded作形容词,意为"受伤的;负伤的",通常指因战争、攻击或事故等受外伤。
She found a wounded bird in the garden.(她在花园里发现了一只受伤的小鸟。)
短语、搭配: ①the wounded意为"伤员",表示一类人,作复数含义。
The wounded were taken good care of in the hospital.(伤员们在医院得到了很好的照顾。)
②be/get wounded受伤
He got wounded in the leg.(他腿部受了伤。)
词形变化:wound n. 伤口,创伤 v. 使受伤
辨析:wounded与injured
① wounded通常指在战争、战斗或暴力袭击中受的伤,多指枪伤、刀伤等外伤。
He was wounded in the war.(他在战争中受了伤。)
② injured指在事故、运动等意外中受伤,范围较广。
He was injured in a car accident.(他在一场车祸中受了伤。)
易错点:the wounded指"伤员"群体,作主语时谓语动词用复数。
10、airport
词义:airport作可数名词,意为"飞机场;航空站"。
My father will pick me up at the airport.(我爸爸会去机场接我。)
短语、搭配:① at the airport(在机场)
I met an old friend at the airport yesterday.(我昨天在机场遇到了一位老朋友。)
② go to the airport(去机场)
We need to go to the airport at 7 o'clock.(我们需要7点钟去机场。)
易错点:表示"在机场"用介词at,不用in。
11、nation
词义:nation作可数名词,意为"国家;民族"。
China is a great nation with a long history.(中国是一个有着悠久历史的伟大国家。)
词形变化:national adj. 国家的,民族的
nationality n. 国籍
international adj. 国际的
短语、搭配:① the United Nations(联合国)
辨析:nation、country与state
① nation侧重指"民族"或"全体国民",强调人民这一概念。
The whole nation is united.(全国人民团结一心。)
② country侧重指"疆土、国土",强调地理和领土概念。
China is a large country.(中国是一个幅员辽阔的国家。)
③ state侧重指"政权、政府",强调政治体制。
The state should protect the rights of its citizens.(国家应保护公民的权利。)
12、spread
词义:① spread作动词,意为"传播;扩散;展开;蔓延"。
The news spread quickly across the country.(这个消息迅速传遍了全国。)
② spread作名词,意为"传播;扩散"。
We should stop the spread of the disease.(我们应该阻止这种疾病的传播。)
短语、搭配:① spread to(蔓延到;传播到)
The fire soon spread to the next building.(大火很快蔓延到了旁边的建筑。)
② spread out(散开;铺开)
The police asked the crowd to spread out.(警察要求人群散开。)
易错点:spread的过去式和过去分词与原形相同,都是spread,千万不要写成spreaded。
13、disease
词义:disease作名词,意为"疾病"。
This disease mainly affects old people.(这种疾病主要影响老年人。)
短语、搭配:① catch/get a disease(患上疾病)
He caught a rare disease during his trip abroad.(他在国外旅行期间患上了一种罕见的疾病。)
② prevent a disease(预防疾病)
Eating vegetables can help prevent many diseases.(吃蔬菜有助于预防许多疾病。)
③ heart disease(心脏病)
易错点:①disease为可数名词,复数形式为diseases。
②注意disease与illness的区别:disease通常指具体的、由某种原因引起的疾病或病害,多用于医学语境;illness更侧重于"生病"的状态,在日常口语中使用较多。
14、pioneer
词义:pioneer作可数名词,意为"先驱;先锋;拓荒者"。
The pioneers in that country built the first railway.(那个国家的拓荒者们修建了第一条铁路。)
短语、搭配:① a pioneer in ...(……方面的先驱)
He is a pioneer in computer science.(他是计算机科学方面的先驱。)
② a young pioneer(少先队员)
She joined the Young Pioneers when she was in Grade 3.(她三年级时加入了少先队。)
15、admirable
词义:admirable作形容词,意为"值得钦佩的;令人赞赏的"。
He has made admirable progress in his English study.(他在英语学习上取得了令人赞赏的进步。)
词形变化:admire v. 钦佩,羡慕
admiration n. 钦佩,羡慕
短语、搭配:① admirable quality(令人钦佩的品质)
② admirable performance(出色的表现)
辨析:admirable与admiring
① admirable意为"值得钦佩的",表示某物或某人本身具有令人钦佩的特质,主语通常为物或人的品质、行为等。
His bravery is admirable.(他的勇敢令人钦佩。)
② admiring意为"表示钦佩的;赞赏的",用来形容人的表情、目光、言语等。
She gave me an admiring look.(她向我投来赞赏的目光。)
易错点:admirable强调"值得被钦佩",而非"感到钦佩的"。注意不要将其与admiring混淆。常用搭配为be admirable,如:His effort is admirable.(他的努力令人钦佩。)
16、balance
词义:① balance作名词,意为"平衡;均衡"。
It's important to keep a balance between study and play.(保持学习和玩耍之间的平衡很重要。)
② balance作动词,意为"保持平衡"。
The bird can balance on one leg.(这只鸟能用一条腿保持平衡。)
短语、搭配:① keep/lose one's balance(保持/失去平衡)
The little boy learned to keep his balance on the bike.(这个小男孩学会了在自行车上保持平衡。)
② keep a balance between A and B(在A和B之间保持平衡)
We should keep a balance between study and rest.(我们应该在学习和休息之间保持平衡。)
③ out of balance(失去平衡;不平衡)
The boat was out of balance and nearly turned over.(小船失去了平衡,差点翻了。)
词形变化:balanced adj. 平衡的,均衡的
17、courage
词义:courage作不可数名词,意为"勇气;胆量"。
It takes courage to tell the truth.(说实话需要勇气。)
短语、搭配:① have the courage to do sth.(有勇气做某事)
She had the courage to speak in front of the whole class.(她有勇气在全班面前发言。)
② take courage(鼓起勇气)
He took courage and asked the teacher a question.(他鼓起勇气问了老师一个问题。)
③ lose courage(失去勇气)
Never lose courage when you face difficulties.(面对困难时永远不要失去勇气。)
词形变化:courageous adj. 勇敢的,有勇气的
courageously adv. 勇敢地
辨析:courage与bravery
① courage强调在面临危险、困难或痛苦时,精神上的勇气和坚定的意志,常指"不畏艰难,坚持信念"。
He showed great courage in fighting against the disease.(他在与疾病作斗争中表现出了极大的勇气。)
② bravery强调在紧急时刻或危险情况下,行动上的勇敢无畏,多指"临危不惧,勇往直前"。
He got a medal for his bravery in the fire.(他因为在火灾中的英勇行为获得了一枚奖章。)
18、wisdom
词义:wisdom作不可数名词,意为"智慧;学问 "。
We can learn a lot of wisdom from traditional stories.(我们可以从传统故事中学到很多智慧。)
短语、搭配:① ancient wisdom(古老的智慧)
Ancient wisdom still has value in our modern life.(古老的智慧在现代生活中依然有价值。)
② words of wisdom(至理名言)
My grandfather always gives me words of wisdom.(我的爷爷总是给我一些至理名言。)
词形变化:wise adj. 明智的,有智慧的
wisely adv. 明智地
辨析:wisdom与intelligence
① wisdom强调"智慧",指通过生活经验积累的判断力、洞察力和明辨是非的能力,常用于形容年长者。
We should respect the wisdom of the old.(我们应当尊重长者的智慧。)
② intelligence强调"智力、聪明才智",侧重指学习和理解事物的天赋和能力。
He has very high intelligence and does well in all subjects.(他智商很高,各科成绩都很优秀。)
19、brave
词义:brave作形容词,意为"勇敢的;无畏的"。
Be brave! You can do it.(勇敢一点!你能做到的。)
词形变化:bravely adv. 勇敢地
bravery n. 勇敢,勇气
短语、搭配:① be brave to do sth.(有勇气做某事)
You should be brave to face your problems.(你应该勇敢地面对你的问题。)
② it is brave of sb. to do sth.(某人做某事真勇敢)
It was brave of him to jump into the river to save the child.(他跳进河里救那个孩子,真勇敢。)
20、necessary
词义:necessary作形容词,意为"必要的;必需的"。
Water is necessary for all living things.(水对所有生物来说都是必需的。)
词形变化:necessarily adv. 必要地;必然地
necessity n. 必需品;必要性
unnecessary adj. 不必要的
短语、搭配:① it is necessary (for sb.) to do sth.((对某人来说)做某事是必要的)
It is necessary for students to get enough sleep.(对学生来说,保证充足的睡眠是必要的。)
② if necessary(如果有必要的话)
You can call me if necessary.(如果有必要的话,你可以给我打电话。)
③ necessary for(对……是必需的)
Exercise is necessary for good health.(锻炼对身体健康是必需的。)
易错点:表示"对某人来说做某事是必要的"常用句型为It is necessary for sb. to do sth.,介词用for,不可用of。
21、western
词义:western作形容词,意为"西方的;西部的"。
The western part of the city is more beautiful than the east.(这座城市的西部比东部更美丽。)
词形变化:west n. 西方;西部 adj. 西方的 adv. 向西方
westerner n. 西方人
短语、搭配:① Western countries(西方国家)
② western food(西餐)
③ the Western world(西方世界)
辨析:western与west
① western是形容词,意为"西部的;西方的",强调地理位置在西部或与西方有关的。
He lives in western China.(他住在中国西部。)
② west可作名词(西部)、形容词(在西方的)和副词(向西方)。
He lives in the west of China.(他住在中国西部。)
He walked west.(他朝西走。)
易错点:表示"在……的西部"时,若在范围内部用in the western part of,若在范围外部用to the west of。
22、scientific
词义:scientific作形容词,意为"科学的;科学上的"。
We need to take a scientific approach to this problem.(我们需要用科学的方法来处理这个问题。)
词形变化:science n. 科学
scientist n. 科学家
短语、搭配:① scientific research(科学研究)
② scientific method(科学方法)
③ scientific experiment(科学实验)
23、whole
词义:① whole作形容词,意为"全部的;完整的"。
She ate the whole cake by herself.(她一个人吃掉了整个蛋糕。)
② whole作可数名词,意为"整体;全部",常用单数形式。
The whole of the class went to the museum.(全班都去了博物馆。)
词形变化:wholly adv. 完全地;全部地
短语、搭配:① as a whole(作为一个整体;总体上)
We should look at the problem as a whole.(我们应该从整体上看待这个问题。)
② on the whole(总的来说;大体上)
On the whole, I think you did a good job.(总的来说,我认为你做得很好。)
辨析:whole与all
① whole通常放在冠词、物主代词或指示代词之后,即"the/ my/ this + whole + 名词"。
She told me the whole story.(她告诉了我整个故事。)
② all通常放在冠词、物主代词或指示代词之前,即"all + the/ my/ this + 名词"。
She told me all the story.(她告诉了我整个故事。)【注意:强调"全部内容"而非"完整性"】
易错点:whole一般不修饰不可数名词或复数名词,如不说whole water或whole books(应改为all the water或all the books)。但可以说the whole bottle of water或the whole set of books。
24、bank
词义:① bank作可数名词,意为"库;银行"。
My mother works in a bank.(我妈妈在银行工作。)
② bank作可数名词,意为"河岸;堤岸"。
We sat on the bank of the river and had a picnic.(我们坐在河岸上野餐。)
短语、搭配:① blood bank(血库)
② a bank of(一排;一群)
There is a bank of clouds in the sky.(天边有一排云。)
③ bank account(银行账户)
25、forever
词义:forever作副词,意为"永远"。
I will remember this day forever.(我会永远记住这一天。)
短语、搭配:① forever and ever(永远;永久)
I will love you forever and ever.(我会永远爱你。)
② take forever(花很长时间;没完没了)
The homework took forever to finish.(做作业花了很长时间。)
易错点:forever在英式英语中也写作for ever。
26、radio
词义:radio作名词,意为"收音机;无线电"。
I listen to the news on the radio every morning.(我每天早上通过收音机听新闻。)
短语、搭配:
① on the radio(通过收音机;在广播中)
I heard the song on the radio.(我是在广播里听到这首歌的。)
② radio station(广播电台)
There is a new radio station in our city.(我们城市新开了一家广播电台。)
③ turn on/off the radio(打开/关上收音机)
Please turn off the radio. It's too noisy.(请关掉收音机,太吵了。)
易错点:radio的复数形式是radios而非radioes。
27、collection
词义:collection作可数名词,意为"收藏品;收集;采集"。
He has a large collection of stamps.(他有一大批邮票收藏品。)
词形变化:collect v. 收集;采集
collector n. 收藏家;收集者
短语、搭配:① art collection(艺术收藏品)
② collect stamps/coins(集邮/收集硬币)
28、exploration
词义:exploration作名词,意为"探险;探索;研究"。
The exploration of the unknown world excites many people.(对未知世界的探索让许多人兴奋不已。)
词形变化:explore v. 探索;考察
explorer n. 探险家;探索者
短语、搭配:① space exploration(太空探索)
② oil exploration(石油勘探)
③ exploration of(对……的探索)
29、universe
词义:universe作可数名词,通常用单数,意为"宇宙"。
How old is the universe?(宇宙有多久了?)
词形变化:universal adj. 宇宙的;普遍的;全世界的
universally adv. 普遍地;全体地
30、socialism
词义:socialism作不可数名词,意为"社会主义"。
We are building a modern socialist country.(我们正在建设一个现代化的社会主义国家。)
词形变化:social adj. 社会的;社交的
society n. 社会
socialist n. 社会主义者 adj. 社会主义的
socially adv. 在社会上;社交上
短语、搭配:① socialist country(社会主义国家)
China is a socialist country.(中国是一个社会主义国家。)
31、hole
词义:hole作可数名词,意为"洞;孔"。
There is a hole in my sock.(我的袜子上有个洞。)
短语、搭配:① dig a hole(挖洞)
The rabbit dug a hole in the ground.(兔子在地上挖了一个洞。)
32、daughter
词义:daughter作可数名词,意为"女儿"。
They have two sons and one daughter.(他们有两个儿子和一个女儿。)
词形变化:granddaughter n.(外)孙女
daughter-in-law n. 儿媳(复数形式为daughters-in-law)
33、herself
词义:herself作反身代词,意为"她自己"。
She made the cake by herself.(她独自做了这个蛋糕。)
短语、搭配:① by herself(她自己独自地;独立地)
The little girl can dress herself by herself.(这个小女孩可以自己独自穿衣服了。)
② enjoy herself(玩得开心;过得愉快)
She enjoyed herself at the party last night.(她昨晚在派对上玩得很开心。)
③ teach herself(自学)
She taught herself English at home.(她在家自学了英语。)
34、flight
词义:① flight作可数名词,意为"航班;飞行"。
Our flight was delayed because of the bad weather.(因为恶劣天气,我们的航班延误了。)
短语、搭配:① take a flight(乘坐航班)
I took a flight from Beijing to Shanghai.(我乘坐了从北京到上海的航班。)
② flight number(航班号)
③ in flight(在飞行中)
Please keep your seat belt fastened during the flight.(飞行期间请系好安全带。)
词形变化:fly v. 飞;飞行(过去式flew,过去分词flown)
35、inventor
词义:inventor作可数名词,意为"发明家;发明者"。
Thomas Edison was a great inventor.(托马斯·爱迪生是一位伟大的发明家。)
词形变化:invent v. 发明;创造
invention n. 发明;创造
36、thinker
词义:thinker作可数名词,意为"思想家;思考者"。
Confucius is a great thinker in Chinese history.(孔子是中国历史上伟大的思想家。)
词形变化:think v. 想;思考(过去式thought,过去分词thought)
thought n. 想法;思想
thoughtful adj. 深思的;体贴的
thinking n. 思想;想法 adj. 思想的
短语、搭配:① great thinker(伟大的思想家)
Many great thinkers have influenced the world.(许多伟大的思想家影响了世界。)
② deep thinker(思想深刻的人)
He is a deep thinker who always asks hard questions.(他是一个思想深刻的人,总是问一些难问题。)
37、period
词义:① period作可数名词,意为"时期;时段;阶段"。
The Spring Festival is a period for family reunions.(春节是一个家人团聚的时段。)
短语、搭配:① a period of time(一段时间)
We will stay here for a period of time.(我们将在这里待一段时间。)
② during the period of(在……期间)
During the period of the war, many people left their homes.(战争期间,许多人离开了家园。)
③ historical period(历史时期)
The Tang Dynasty is an important historical period.(唐朝是一个重要的历史时期。)
38、kindness
词义:kindness作名词,意为"善良;仁慈"。
We should treat others with kindness.(我们应该以善良对待他人。)
词形变化:kind adj. 善良的;友好的
kindly adv. 友好地;和善地
短语、搭配:① show kindness to sb.(对某人表示善意)
She always shows kindness to the elderly.(她总是对老年人表示善意。)
② do sb. a kindness(帮某人一个忙)
Could you do me a kindness and open the window?(你能帮我个忙打开窗户吗?)
③ out of kindness(出于善意)
He helped the poor boy out of kindness.(他出于善意帮助了那个贫穷的男孩。)
39、drop out (of sth)
词义:① drop out (of sth)意为"退学;辍学"。
He dropped out of school when he was 15.(他15岁时辍学了。)
② drop out (of sth)还有"退出;脱离"之意。
She dropped out of the race because she hurt her leg.(她因为腿受伤退出了比赛。)
Some members dropped out of the club.(一些成员退出了俱乐部。)
辨析:drop out与drop off
① drop out强调"退出、脱离",常指退出某个组织、活动或从学校退学。
He dropped out of the team.(他退出了团队。)
② drop off强调"中途放下(乘客);(数量)下降;打瞌睡"。
I dropped him off at the airport.(我送他到机场。)【放下乘客】
Sales usually drop off in winter.(冬季销量通常会下降。)【下降】
40、look up to sb
词义:look up to sb意为"尊敬;钦佩(某人)"。
I have always looked up to my father because of his hard work.(我一直钦佩我父亲,因为他工作非常努力。)
易错点:look up to为"动词+副词+介词"型短语,后接人称代词作宾语时用宾格,且放在to之后。如look up to him,不可说look him up to。
辨析:look up to sb、look up与look down on/upon sb
① look up to sb意为"尊敬、钦佩某人",表示仰视、敬重。
We should look up to those who work hard.(我们应该尊敬那些努力工作的人。)
② look up查阅、向上看
Tom is using the dictionary to look up difficult words.(Tom正在使用字典来查阅难词。)
③ look down on/upon sb意为"轻视、看不起某人",表示俯视、瞧不起。
Don't look down on others just because they are poor.(不要因为别人贫穷就看不起他们。)
41、leave behind
词义:① leave behind意为"留下;遗忘"。
I left my umbrella behind on the bus.(我把雨伞忘在公交车上了。)
② leave behind还有"把……抛在后面;超过"的意思。
The young runner left all the others behind.(这位年轻的赛跑运动员把其他所有人都抛在了身后。)
③ leave behind还有"遗留;留下(后果)"之意。
The heavy rain left behind a lot of damage.(这场大雨留下了许多破坏。)
易错点:leave behind为"动词+副词"型短语,后接名词作宾语时,名词可置于leave与behind之间或behind之后;若接代词作宾语,代词必须放在leave与behind之间。
辨析:leave behind与leave out
① leave behind强调"遗忘、落下某物"或"把……抛在后面"。
Take care not to leave anything behind.(小心别落下任何东西。)
② leave out强调"省略、遗漏;不把……包括在内"。
You left out an important detail in your report.(你在报告中遗漏了一个重要细节。)
42、live on
词义:① live on意为"以……为食;靠……生活"。
Cows live on grass.(牛以草为食。)
② live on还有"继续活着;继续存在"之意。
The memory of that great man will live on forever.(那位伟人的记忆将永远留存。)
辨析:live on、live by与live off
① live on强调"以……为食或作为生活来源",后接名词多为食物、收入等。
He lives on rice and vegetables.(他以米饭和蔬菜为食。)
② live by强调"靠……谋生",后接动名词或表示方式的名词。
He lives by fishing.(他以捕鱼为生。)
③ live off强调"靠……养活;依赖……生活",有时含贬义。
He is 30 but still lives off his parents.(他30岁了还靠父母养活。)
43、above all
词义:above all意为"最重要的是;首要的是"。
Above all, you should take care of your health.(最重要的是,你应该照顾好自己的健康。)
We need to study hard, but above all, we should be honest.(我们需要努力学习,但最重要的是,我们应该诚实。)
辨析:above all、first of all与after all
① above all意为"最重要的是",强调在众多事物中,这一点最为关键。
You should be kind, and above all, you should be honest.(你应该友善,但最重要的是,你应该诚实。)
② first of all意为"首先",用于列举事项时表示顺序上的第一。
First of all, let me introduce myself.(首先,让我自我介绍一下。)
③ after all意为"毕竟;终究",用于陈述某个理由或提醒对方某个事实。
Don't be too hard on him. He is a child after all.(别对他太严厉了,他毕竟还是个孩子。)
单元单词,短语用法练习
一、根据提示填写单词
1.The famous h________ wrote many books about the Tang Dynasty.
2.My uncle is a ________ (物理学家) and he works in a university.
3.She marked the important date on her c________ so that she wouldn't forget it.
4.The d________ of oil in this area changed the local economy completely.
5.The soldier was ________ (受伤的) in the battle and was sent to the hospital immediately.
6.The whole n________ was sad when they heard the news of the great man's death.
7.The fire s________ quickly through the forest because of the strong wind.
8.This ________ (疾病) mainly affects old people, so young people needn't worry too much.
9.The young p________ made great contributions to the development of the new technology.
10.It's important to keep a ________ (平衡) between work and rest.
11.She showed great c________ when she faced the dangerous situation.
12.It is ________ (必要的) for us to drink enough water every day.
13.People in w________ countries usually eat bread and milk for breakfast.
二、用所给单词的正确形式填空
14.His ________ (admire) behaviour won him great respect from others.
15.My grandfather is a famous ________ (history) who has written many books.
16.The ________ (chemistry) is doing an experiment in the lab.
17.Scientists have made many great ________ (discover) in space exploration.
18.The story happened three ________ (century) ago in a small village.
19.The ________ (wound) soldiers were sent to the hospital at once.
20.We should protect our ________ (nation) treasures and pass them down.
21.The fireman showed great ________ (brave) in saving the child from the fire.
22.We can learn much ________ (wise) from traditional Chinese culture.
23.We need to take a ________ (science) approach to solve this problem.
24.My uncle has a large ________ (collect) of ancient coins.
25.Space ________ (explore) is one of the most exciting fields of science.
26.We should always treat others with ________ (kind) and respect.
三、单项选择
27.Don't ________ your umbrella ________ on the bus again.
A.leave; behind B.leave; out C.leave; for D.leave; off
28.We need to consider many factors, but ________, we should make sure it's safe.
A.first of all B.above all C.after all D.at all
29.I ________ my mother for her hard work and kindness.
A.accept B.attend C.admire D.achieve
30.She ate ________ cake by herself, leaving nothing for others.
A.all the B.the whole C.whole D.all
31.It is ________ for us to finish the work before Friday.
A.natural B.necessary C.nervous D.national
32.The ________ of the new planet made all the scientists excited.
A.invention B.discovery C.collection D.exploration
33.She taught ________ English by watching movies and reading books.
A.himself B.myself C.herself D.ourselves
34.The bad news ________ quickly across the whole country.
A.spread B.spreaded C.was spreaded D.spreading
四、根据汉语提示完成句子。
35.最重要的是,你要对自己有信心。
________ ________ , you should have confidence in yourself.
36.他因为家庭贫困而在15岁时辍学了。
He ________ ________ ________ school at the age of 15 because his family was poor.
37.许多年轻科学家钦佩袁隆平为世界作出的贡献。
Many young scientists ________ ________ ________ Yuan Longping for his contributions to the world.
38.不要把作业落在学校了。
Don't ________ your homework ________ at school.
39.在山区,许多人仍然靠种植土豆为生。
In mountain areas, many people still ________ ________ potatoes.
40.我们应该在学习和娱乐之间保持平衡。
We should ________ a ________ between study and play.
41.对我们来说每天锻炼身体是必要的。
________ ________ ________for us to take exercise every day.
42.我们都钦佩她勇敢的行为。
We all ________ her ________ her brave actions.
43.他鼓起勇气在众人面前说了实话。
He ________ ________ and told the truth in front of everyone.
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Unit 2 Inspiring People 重点单词、短语用法讲练
目录
· 单元重难点单词,短语用法讲解
将单词、短语分层列出,突出重点词汇,便于记忆。
详细讲解重点单词和短语的用法,把握单词、短语的考点、便于全面掌握。
· 单元单词,短语用法练习
通过以下练习,在具体的语境中巩固单词,短语的用法,加深对单词、短语记忆和理解。
单元重难点单词,短语用法讲解
一、单元单词、短语分层列举
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
1. 课标重点单词、短语。
admire /ədˈmaɪə(r)/v. 钦佩;赞赏
historian /hɪˈstɔːriən/ n. 历史学家
chemist /ˈkemɪst/ n. 化学家
physicist /ˈfɪzɪsɪst/ n. 物理学家
hunger /ˈhʌŋɡə(r)/ n. 饥饿
chemistry /ˈkemɪstri/ n. 化学
calendar /ˈkælɪndə(r)/ n. 日历
discovery /dɪˈskʌvəri/ n. 发现
century /ˈsentʃəri/ n. 世纪
wounded /ˈwuːndɪd/ adj. 受伤的;负伤的
airport /ˈeəpɔːt/ n. 机场
nation /ˈneɪʃn/ n. 国家;民族
spread /spred/ n. 传播;散布 v. (spread, spread)传播;散布
disease /dɪˈziːz/ n. 疾病
pioneer /ˌpaɪəˈnɪə(r)/ n. 先驱;先锋
admirable /ˈædmərəbl/ adj. 令人钦佩的
balance /ˈbæləns/ n.平衡 v. 保持平衡
courage /ˈkʌrɪdʒ/ n.勇气;胆量
wisdom /ˈwɪzdəm/ n. 智慧;学问
brave /breɪv/ adj. 勇敢的;无畏的 v. 勇敢面对;经受(困难)
necessary /ˈnesəsəri/ adj. 必要的;必需的
western /ˈwestən/ adj. 西方的;西部的
scientific /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/ adj. 科学(上)的
whole /həʊl/ adj. 所有的;完全的
bank /bæŋk/ n. 库;银行
forever /fərˈevə(r)/ adv. 永远
radio /ˈreɪdiəʊ/ n. 无线电;收音机
collection /kəˈlekʃn/ n. 收集物;收藏品
exploration /ˌekspləˈreɪʃn/ n. 探索
universe /ˈjuːnɪvɜːs/ n. 宇宙
socialism /ˈsəʊʃəlɪzəm/ n. 社会主义
hole /həʊl/ n. 洞;孔
daughter /ˈdɔːtə(r)/ n. 女儿
herself /hɜːˈself; həˈself/ pron. 她自己;她本人
flight /flaɪt/ n. 飞行;航班
inventor /ɪnˈventə(r)/ n. 发明家
thinker /ˈθɪŋkə(r)/ n. 思想家
period /ˈpɪəriəd/ n. 时期;一段时间
kindness/ˈkaɪndnəs/ n. 善良
drop out (of sth) 辍学;退出
look up to sb 钦佩;仰慕
leave behind 留下;遗留
live on 继续存在;继续活着
above all 最重要的是;尤其是
2. 非课标重点单词、短语。
inspiring /ɪnˈspaɪərɪŋ/ adj. 鼓舞人心的;激励的
British /ˈbrɪtɪʃ/ adj. 英国的;英国人的 n. 英国人
pyramid /ˈpɪrəmɪd/ n. 金字塔
live /laɪv/ adj. 现场直播的
seed /siːd/ n. 种子
childhood /ˈtʃaɪldhʊd/ n. 童年
dynasty /ˈdɪnəsti; ˈdaɪnəsti/ n. 朝代;王朝
region /ˈriːdʒən/ n. 区域;地区
biologist /baɪˈɒlədʒɪst/ n. 生物学家
woodwork /ˈwʊdwɜːk/ n. 木工手艺
mankind /mænˈkaɪnd/ n. 人类
belief /bɪˈliːf/ n. 信念;看法
二、重点单词、短语用法讲解
1、admire
词义:admire作动词,意为"钦佩;赞赏 "。
We all admire her for her courage.(我们都钦佩她的勇气。)
词形变化:admiration n. 钦佩,羡慕
短语、搭配:① admire sb. for sth.(因某事而钦佩某人)
I admire my mother for her hard work.(我钦佩我妈妈的辛勤工作。)
2、historian
词义:historian作可数名词,意为"历史学家"。
The historian wrote many books about ancient China.(这位历史学家写了许多关于中国古代的书。)
词形变化:history n. 历史
historic adj. 历史上著名的,有历史意义的
historical adj. 历史的,史学的
3、chemist
词义:chemist作可数名词,意为"化学家;药剂师"。
She wants to become a chemist when she grows up.(她长大后想成为一名化学家。)
词形变化:chemistry n. 化学
chemical adj. 化学的 n. 化学物质
短语、搭配:① chemistry lab(化学实验室)
② chemistry experiment(化学实验)
4、physicist
词义:physicist作可数名词,意为"物理学家"。
My dream is to become a physicist and study the universe.(我的梦想是成为一名物理学家,研究宇宙。)
词形变化:physics n. 物理(学)
physical adj. 物理的;身体的
5、hunger
词义:① hunger作不可数名词,意为"饥饿"。
Hunger is a serious problem in some parts of the world.(饥饿在世界一些地区是一个严重的问题。)
② hunger也可以作动词,意为"渴望;渴求"(常与for/after连用)。
She hungered for knowledge.(她渴求知识。)
词形变化:hungry adj. 饥饿的
hungrily adv. 饥饿地
短语、搭配:① die of hunger(死于饥饿)
Thousands of people died of hunger in that country.(在那个国家成千上万的人死于饥饿。)
② hunger for/after sth.(渴望得到某物)
He has a hunger for success.(他渴望成功。)
6、calendar
词义:calendar作可数名词,意为"日历;日程表"。
There is a beautiful calendar on the wall.(墙上有一本漂亮的日历。)
短语、搭配:① lunar calendar(农历;阴历)
② solar calendar(阳历;公历)
7、discovery
词义:discovery作名词,意为"发现"。
Scientists have made many important discoveries in recent years.(科学家们在近些年取得了许多重要的发现。)
词形变化:discover v. 发现
discoverer n. 发现者
短语、搭配:① make a discovery(有所发现)
Edison made many great discoveries in his life.(爱迪生一生中有许多伟大的发现。)
② the discovery of ...(对……的发现)
The discovery of the new planet excited all the scientists.(新行星的发现让所有科学家都兴奋不已。)
易错点:①discovery是可数名词,复数形式为discoveries(变y为i加es)。
②注意区分discovery与invention:discovery指发现已经存在但尚未被认识的事物,invention指发明创造原本不存在的新事物。
8、century
词义:century作可数名词,意为"世纪;一百年"。
The story happened centuries ago.(这个故事发生在几个世纪以前。)
短语、搭配:① in the ... century(在……世纪)
In the 18th century, many great inventions were made.(在18世纪,有许多伟大的发明。)
② over the centuries(几个世纪以来)
Over the centuries, people have built many great buildings.(几个世纪以来,人们建造了许多伟大的建筑。)
易错点:century的复数形式为centuries(变y为i加es)。表示"在某个世纪"时用介词in。
9、wounded
词义:wounded作形容词,意为"受伤的;负伤的",通常指因战争、攻击或事故等受外伤。
She found a wounded bird in the garden.(她在花园里发现了一只受伤的小鸟。)
短语、搭配: ①the wounded意为"伤员",表示一类人,作复数含义。
The wounded were taken good care of in the hospital.(伤员们在医院得到了很好的照顾。)
②be/get wounded受伤
He got wounded in the leg.(他腿部受了伤。)
词形变化:wound n. 伤口,创伤 v. 使受伤
辨析:wounded与injured
① wounded通常指在战争、战斗或暴力袭击中受的伤,多指枪伤、刀伤等外伤。
He was wounded in the war.(他在战争中受了伤。)
② injured指在事故、运动等意外中受伤,范围较广。
He was injured in a car accident.(他在一场车祸中受了伤。)
易错点:the wounded指"伤员"群体,作主语时谓语动词用复数。
10、airport
词义:airport作可数名词,意为"飞机场;航空站"。
My father will pick me up at the airport.(我爸爸会去机场接我。)
短语、搭配:① at the airport(在机场)
I met an old friend at the airport yesterday.(我昨天在机场遇到了一位老朋友。)
② go to the airport(去机场)
We need to go to the airport at 7 o'clock.(我们需要7点钟去机场。)
易错点:表示"在机场"用介词at,不用in。
11、nation
词义:nation作可数名词,意为"国家;民族"。
China is a great nation with a long history.(中国是一个有着悠久历史的伟大国家。)
词形变化:national adj. 国家的,民族的
nationality n. 国籍
international adj. 国际的
短语、搭配:① the United Nations(联合国)
辨析:nation、country与state
① nation侧重指"民族"或"全体国民",强调人民这一概念。
The whole nation is united.(全国人民团结一心。)
② country侧重指"疆土、国土",强调地理和领土概念。
China is a large country.(中国是一个幅员辽阔的国家。)
③ state侧重指"政权、政府",强调政治体制。
The state should protect the rights of its citizens.(国家应保护公民的权利。)
12、spread
词义:① spread作动词,意为"传播;扩散;展开;蔓延"。
The news spread quickly across the country.(这个消息迅速传遍了全国。)
② spread作名词,意为"传播;扩散"。
We should stop the spread of the disease.(我们应该阻止这种疾病的传播。)
短语、搭配:① spread to(蔓延到;传播到)
The fire soon spread to the next building.(大火很快蔓延到了旁边的建筑。)
② spread out(散开;铺开)
The police asked the crowd to spread out.(警察要求人群散开。)
易错点:spread的过去式和过去分词与原形相同,都是spread,千万不要写成spreaded。
13、disease
词义:disease作名词,意为"疾病"。
This disease mainly affects old people.(这种疾病主要影响老年人。)
短语、搭配:① catch/get a disease(患上疾病)
He caught a rare disease during his trip abroad.(他在国外旅行期间患上了一种罕见的疾病。)
② prevent a disease(预防疾病)
Eating vegetables can help prevent many diseases.(吃蔬菜有助于预防许多疾病。)
③ heart disease(心脏病)
易错点:①disease为可数名词,复数形式为diseases。
②注意disease与illness的区别:disease通常指具体的、由某种原因引起的疾病或病害,多用于医学语境;illness更侧重于"生病"的状态,在日常口语中使用较多。
14、pioneer
词义:pioneer作可数名词,意为"先驱;先锋;拓荒者"。
The pioneers in that country built the first railway.(那个国家的拓荒者们修建了第一条铁路。)
短语、搭配:① a pioneer in ...(……方面的先驱)
He is a pioneer in computer science.(他是计算机科学方面的先驱。)
② a young pioneer(少先队员)
She joined the Young Pioneers when she was in Grade 3.(她三年级时加入了少先队。)
15、admirable
词义:admirable作形容词,意为"值得钦佩的;令人赞赏的"。
He has made admirable progress in his English study.(他在英语学习上取得了令人赞赏的进步。)
词形变化:admire v. 钦佩,羡慕
admiration n. 钦佩,羡慕
短语、搭配:① admirable quality(令人钦佩的品质)
② admirable performance(出色的表现)
辨析:admirable与admiring
① admirable意为"值得钦佩的",表示某物或某人本身具有令人钦佩的特质,主语通常为物或人的品质、行为等。
His bravery is admirable.(他的勇敢令人钦佩。)
② admiring意为"表示钦佩的;赞赏的",用来形容人的表情、目光、言语等。
She gave me an admiring look.(她向我投来赞赏的目光。)
易错点:admirable强调"值得被钦佩",而非"感到钦佩的"。注意不要将其与admiring混淆。常用搭配为be admirable,如:His effort is admirable.(他的努力令人钦佩。)
16、balance
词义:① balance作名词,意为"平衡;均衡"。
It's important to keep a balance between study and play.(保持学习和玩耍之间的平衡很重要。)
② balance作动词,意为"保持平衡"。
The bird can balance on one leg.(这只鸟能用一条腿保持平衡。)
短语、搭配:① keep/lose one's balance(保持/失去平衡)
The little boy learned to keep his balance on the bike.(这个小男孩学会了在自行车上保持平衡。)
② keep a balance between A and B(在A和B之间保持平衡)
We should keep a balance between study and rest.(我们应该在学习和休息之间保持平衡。)
③ out of balance(失去平衡;不平衡)
The boat was out of balance and nearly turned over.(小船失去了平衡,差点翻了。)
词形变化:balanced adj. 平衡的,均衡的
17、courage
词义:courage作不可数名词,意为"勇气;胆量"。
It takes courage to tell the truth.(说实话需要勇气。)
短语、搭配:① have the courage to do sth.(有勇气做某事)
She had the courage to speak in front of the whole class.(她有勇气在全班面前发言。)
② take courage(鼓起勇气)
He took courage and asked the teacher a question.(他鼓起勇气问了老师一个问题。)
③ lose courage(失去勇气)
Never lose courage when you face difficulties.(面对困难时永远不要失去勇气。)
词形变化:courageous adj. 勇敢的,有勇气的
courageously adv. 勇敢地
辨析:courage与bravery
① courage强调在面临危险、困难或痛苦时,精神上的勇气和坚定的意志,常指"不畏艰难,坚持信念"。
He showed great courage in fighting against the disease.(他在与疾病作斗争中表现出了极大的勇气。)
② bravery强调在紧急时刻或危险情况下,行动上的勇敢无畏,多指"临危不惧,勇往直前"。
He got a medal for his bravery in the fire.(他因为在火灾中的英勇行为获得了一枚奖章。)
18、wisdom
词义:wisdom作不可数名词,意为"智慧;学问 "。
We can learn a lot of wisdom from traditional stories.(我们可以从传统故事中学到很多智慧。)
短语、搭配:① ancient wisdom(古老的智慧)
Ancient wisdom still has value in our modern life.(古老的智慧在现代生活中依然有价值。)
② words of wisdom(至理名言)
My grandfather always gives me words of wisdom.(我的爷爷总是给我一些至理名言。)
词形变化:wise adj. 明智的,有智慧的
wisely adv. 明智地
辨析:wisdom与intelligence
① wisdom强调"智慧",指通过生活经验积累的判断力、洞察力和明辨是非的能力,常用于形容年长者。
We should respect the wisdom of the old.(我们应当尊重长者的智慧。)
② intelligence强调"智力、聪明才智",侧重指学习和理解事物的天赋和能力。
He has very high intelligence and does well in all subjects.(他智商很高,各科成绩都很优秀。)
19、brave
词义:brave作形容词,意为"勇敢的;无畏的"。
Be brave! You can do it.(勇敢一点!你能做到的。)
词形变化:bravely adv. 勇敢地
bravery n. 勇敢,勇气
短语、搭配:① be brave to do sth.(有勇气做某事)
You should be brave to face your problems.(你应该勇敢地面对你的问题。)
② it is brave of sb. to do sth.(某人做某事真勇敢)
It was brave of him to jump into the river to save the child.(他跳进河里救那个孩子,真勇敢。)
20、necessary
词义:necessary作形容词,意为"必要的;必需的"。
Water is necessary for all living things.(水对所有生物来说都是必需的。)
词形变化:necessarily adv. 必要地;必然地
necessity n. 必需品;必要性
unnecessary adj. 不必要的
短语、搭配:① it is necessary (for sb.) to do sth.((对某人来说)做某事是必要的)
It is necessary for students to get enough sleep.(对学生来说,保证充足的睡眠是必要的。)
② if necessary(如果有必要的话)
You can call me if necessary.(如果有必要的话,你可以给我打电话。)
③ necessary for(对……是必需的)
Exercise is necessary for good health.(锻炼对身体健康是必需的。)
易错点:表示"对某人来说做某事是必要的"常用句型为It is necessary for sb. to do sth.,介词用for,不可用of。
21、western
词义:western作形容词,意为"西方的;西部的"。
The western part of the city is more beautiful than the east.(这座城市的西部比东部更美丽。)
词形变化:west n. 西方;西部 adj. 西方的 adv. 向西方
westerner n. 西方人
短语、搭配:① Western countries(西方国家)
② western food(西餐)
③ the Western world(西方世界)
辨析:western与west
① western是形容词,意为"西部的;西方的",强调地理位置在西部或与西方有关的。
He lives in western China.(他住在中国西部。)
② west可作名词(西部)、形容词(在西方的)和副词(向西方)。
He lives in the west of China.(他住在中国西部。)
He walked west.(他朝西走。)
易错点:表示"在……的西部"时,若在范围内部用in the western part of,若在范围外部用to the west of。
22、scientific
词义:scientific作形容词,意为"科学的;科学上的"。
We need to take a scientific approach to this problem.(我们需要用科学的方法来处理这个问题。)
词形变化:science n. 科学
scientist n. 科学家
短语、搭配:① scientific research(科学研究)
② scientific method(科学方法)
③ scientific experiment(科学实验)
23、whole
词义:① whole作形容词,意为"全部的;完整的"。
She ate the whole cake by herself.(她一个人吃掉了整个蛋糕。)
② whole作可数名词,意为"整体;全部",常用单数形式。
The whole of the class went to the museum.(全班都去了博物馆。)
词形变化:wholly adv. 完全地;全部地
短语、搭配:① as a whole(作为一个整体;总体上)
We should look at the problem as a whole.(我们应该从整体上看待这个问题。)
② on the whole(总的来说;大体上)
On the whole, I think you did a good job.(总的来说,我认为你做得很好。)
辨析:whole与all
① whole通常放在冠词、物主代词或指示代词之后,即"the/ my/ this + whole + 名词"。
She told me the whole story.(她告诉了我整个故事。)
② all通常放在冠词、物主代词或指示代词之前,即"all + the/ my/ this + 名词"。
She told me all the story.(她告诉了我整个故事。)【注意:强调"全部内容"而非"完整性"】
易错点:whole一般不修饰不可数名词或复数名词,如不说whole water或whole books(应改为all the water或all the books)。但可以说the whole bottle of water或the whole set of books。
24、bank
词义:① bank作可数名词,意为"库;银行"。
My mother works in a bank.(我妈妈在银行工作。)
② bank作可数名词,意为"河岸;堤岸"。
We sat on the bank of the river and had a picnic.(我们坐在河岸上野餐。)
短语、搭配:① blood bank(血库)
② a bank of(一排;一群)
There is a bank of clouds in the sky.(天边有一排云。)
③ bank account(银行账户)
25、forever
词义:forever作副词,意为"永远"。
I will remember this day forever.(我会永远记住这一天。)
短语、搭配:① forever and ever(永远;永久)
I will love you forever and ever.(我会永远爱你。)
② take forever(花很长时间;没完没了)
The homework took forever to finish.(做作业花了很长时间。)
易错点:forever在英式英语中也写作for ever。
26、radio
词义:radio作名词,意为"收音机;无线电"。
I listen to the news on the radio every morning.(我每天早上通过收音机听新闻。)
短语、搭配:
① on the radio(通过收音机;在广播中)
I heard the song on the radio.(我是在广播里听到这首歌的。)
② radio station(广播电台)
There is a new radio station in our city.(我们城市新开了一家广播电台。)
③ turn on/off the radio(打开/关上收音机)
Please turn off the radio. It's too noisy.(请关掉收音机,太吵了。)
易错点:radio的复数形式是radios而非radioes。
27、collection
词义:collection作可数名词,意为"收藏品;收集;采集"。
He has a large collection of stamps.(他有一大批邮票收藏品。)
词形变化:collect v. 收集;采集
collector n. 收藏家;收集者
短语、搭配:① art collection(艺术收藏品)
② collect stamps/coins(集邮/收集硬币)
28、exploration
词义:exploration作名词,意为"探险;探索;研究"。
The exploration of the unknown world excites many people.(对未知世界的探索让许多人兴奋不已。)
词形变化:explore v. 探索;考察
explorer n. 探险家;探索者
短语、搭配:① space exploration(太空探索)
② oil exploration(石油勘探)
③ exploration of(对……的探索)
29、universe
词义:universe作可数名词,通常用单数,意为"宇宙"。
How old is the universe?(宇宙有多久了?)
词形变化:universal adj. 宇宙的;普遍的;全世界的
universally adv. 普遍地;全体地
30、socialism
词义:socialism作不可数名词,意为"社会主义"。
We are building a modern socialist country.(我们正在建设一个现代化的社会主义国家。)
词形变化:social adj. 社会的;社交的
society n. 社会
socialist n. 社会主义者 adj. 社会主义的
socially adv. 在社会上;社交上
短语、搭配:① socialist country(社会主义国家)
China is a socialist country.(中国是一个社会主义国家。)
31、hole
词义:hole作可数名词,意为"洞;孔"。
There is a hole in my sock.(我的袜子上有个洞。)
短语、搭配:① dig a hole(挖洞)
The rabbit dug a hole in the ground.(兔子在地上挖了一个洞。)
32、daughter
词义:daughter作可数名词,意为"女儿"。
They have two sons and one daughter.(他们有两个儿子和一个女儿。)
词形变化:granddaughter n.(外)孙女
daughter-in-law n. 儿媳(复数形式为daughters-in-law)
33、herself
词义:herself作反身代词,意为"她自己"。
She made the cake by herself.(她独自做了这个蛋糕。)
短语、搭配:① by herself(她自己独自地;独立地)
The little girl can dress herself by herself.(这个小女孩可以自己独自穿衣服了。)
② enjoy herself(玩得开心;过得愉快)
She enjoyed herself at the party last night.(她昨晚在派对上玩得很开心。)
③ teach herself(自学)
She taught herself English at home.(她在家自学了英语。)
34、flight
词义:① flight作可数名词,意为"航班;飞行"。
Our flight was delayed because of the bad weather.(因为恶劣天气,我们的航班延误了。)
短语、搭配:① take a flight(乘坐航班)
I took a flight from Beijing to Shanghai.(我乘坐了从北京到上海的航班。)
② flight number(航班号)
③ in flight(在飞行中)
Please keep your seat belt fastened during the flight.(飞行期间请系好安全带。)
词形变化:fly v. 飞;飞行(过去式flew,过去分词flown)
35、inventor
词义:inventor作可数名词,意为"发明家;发明者"。
Thomas Edison was a great inventor.(托马斯·爱迪生是一位伟大的发明家。)
词形变化:invent v. 发明;创造
invention n. 发明;创造
36、thinker
词义:thinker作可数名词,意为"思想家;思考者"。
Confucius is a great thinker in Chinese history.(孔子是中国历史上伟大的思想家。)
词形变化:think v. 想;思考(过去式thought,过去分词thought)
thought n. 想法;思想
thoughtful adj. 深思的;体贴的
thinking n. 思想;想法 adj. 思想的
短语、搭配:① great thinker(伟大的思想家)
Many great thinkers have influenced the world.(许多伟大的思想家影响了世界。)
② deep thinker(思想深刻的人)
He is a deep thinker who always asks hard questions.(他是一个思想深刻的人,总是问一些难问题。)
37、period
词义:① period作可数名词,意为"时期;时段;阶段"。
The Spring Festival is a period for family reunions.(春节是一个家人团聚的时段。)
短语、搭配:① a period of time(一段时间)
We will stay here for a period of time.(我们将在这里待一段时间。)
② during the period of(在……期间)
During the period of the war, many people left their homes.(战争期间,许多人离开了家园。)
③ historical period(历史时期)
The Tang Dynasty is an important historical period.(唐朝是一个重要的历史时期。)
38、kindness
词义:kindness作名词,意为"善良;仁慈"。
We should treat others with kindness.(我们应该以善良对待他人。)
词形变化:kind adj. 善良的;友好的
kindly adv. 友好地;和善地
短语、搭配:① show kindness to sb.(对某人表示善意)
She always shows kindness to the elderly.(她总是对老年人表示善意。)
② do sb. a kindness(帮某人一个忙)
Could you do me a kindness and open the window?(你能帮我个忙打开窗户吗?)
③ out of kindness(出于善意)
He helped the poor boy out of kindness.(他出于善意帮助了那个贫穷的男孩。)
39、drop out (of sth)
词义:① drop out (of sth)意为"退学;辍学"。
He dropped out of school when he was 15.(他15岁时辍学了。)
② drop out (of sth)还有"退出;脱离"之意。
She dropped out of the race because she hurt her leg.(她因为腿受伤退出了比赛。)
Some members dropped out of the club.(一些成员退出了俱乐部。)
辨析:drop out与drop off
① drop out强调"退出、脱离",常指退出某个组织、活动或从学校退学。
He dropped out of the team.(他退出了团队。)
② drop off强调"中途放下(乘客);(数量)下降;打瞌睡"。
I dropped him off at the airport.(我送他到机场。)【放下乘客】
Sales usually drop off in winter.(冬季销量通常会下降。)【下降】
40、look up to sb
词义:look up to sb意为"尊敬;钦佩(某人)"。
I have always looked up to my father because of his hard work.(我一直钦佩我父亲,因为他工作非常努力。)
易错点:look up to为"动词+副词+介词"型短语,后接人称代词作宾语时用宾格,且放在to之后。如look up to him,不可说look him up to。
辨析:look up to sb、look up与look down on/upon sb
① look up to sb意为"尊敬、钦佩某人",表示仰视、敬重。
We should look up to those who work hard.(我们应该尊敬那些努力工作的人。)
② look up查阅、向上看
Tom is using the dictionary to look up difficult words.(Tom正在使用字典来查阅难词。)
③ look down on/upon sb意为"轻视、看不起某人",表示俯视、瞧不起。
Don't look down on others just because they are poor.(不要因为别人贫穷就看不起他们。)
41、leave behind
词义:① leave behind意为"留下;遗忘"。
I left my umbrella behind on the bus.(我把雨伞忘在公交车上了。)
② leave behind还有"把……抛在后面;超过"的意思。
The young runner left all the others behind.(这位年轻的赛跑运动员把其他所有人都抛在了身后。)
③ leave behind还有"遗留;留下(后果)"之意。
The heavy rain left behind a lot of damage.(这场大雨留下了许多破坏。)
易错点:leave behind为"动词+副词"型短语,后接名词作宾语时,名词可置于leave与behind之间或behind之后;若接代词作宾语,代词必须放在leave与behind之间。
辨析:leave behind与leave out
① leave behind强调"遗忘、落下某物"或"把……抛在后面"。
Take care not to leave anything behind.(小心别落下任何东西。)
② leave out强调"省略、遗漏;不把……包括在内"。
You left out an important detail in your report.(你在报告中遗漏了一个重要细节。)
42、live on
词义:① live on意为"以……为食;靠……生活"。
Cows live on grass.(牛以草为食。)
② live on还有"继续活着;继续存在"之意。
The memory of that great man will live on forever.(那位伟人的记忆将永远留存。)
辨析:live on、live by与live off
① live on强调"以……为食或作为生活来源",后接名词多为食物、收入等。
He lives on rice and vegetables.(他以米饭和蔬菜为食。)
② live by强调"靠……谋生",后接动名词或表示方式的名词。
He lives by fishing.(他以捕鱼为生。)
③ live off强调"靠……养活;依赖……生活",有时含贬义。
He is 30 but still lives off his parents.(他30岁了还靠父母养活。)
43、above all
词义:above all意为"最重要的是;首要的是"。
Above all, you should take care of your health.(最重要的是,你应该照顾好自己的健康。)
We need to study hard, but above all, we should be honest.(我们需要努力学习,但最重要的是,我们应该诚实。)
辨析:above all、first of all与after all
① above all意为"最重要的是",强调在众多事物中,这一点最为关键。
You should be kind, and above all, you should be honest.(你应该友善,但最重要的是,你应该诚实。)
② first of all意为"首先",用于列举事项时表示顺序上的第一。
First of all, let me introduce myself.(首先,让我自我介绍一下。)
③ after all意为"毕竟;终究",用于陈述某个理由或提醒对方某个事实。
Don't be too hard on him. He is a child after all.(别对他太严厉了,他毕竟还是个孩子。)
单元单词,短语用法练习
一、根据提示填写单词
1.The famous h________ wrote many books about the Tang Dynasty.
【答案】historian
【详解】句意:这位著名的历史学家写了许多关于唐朝的书。根据首字母h及后文“wrote many books about the Tang Dynasty”可知,此处指“历史学家”,对应名词historian。空格前有定冠词The和形容词famous,需填名词单数作主语,故填historian。
2.My uncle is a ________ (物理学家) and he works in a university.
【答案】physicist
【详解】句意:我叔叔是一位物理学家,他在一所大学工作。中文提示“物理学家”,对应名词physicist。空格前有不定冠词a,需填可数名词单数,作表语说明职业,故填physicist。
3.She marked the important date on her c________ so that she wouldn't forget it.
【答案】calendar
【详解】句意:她在日历上标出了那个重要的日期,以免忘记。根据首字母c及“marked the important date”可知,此处指“日历”,对应名词calendar。空格前有形容词性物主代词her,需填名词单数作宾语,故填calendar。
4.The d________ of oil in this area changed the local economy completely.
【答案】discovery
【详解】句意:这个地区石油的发现彻底改变了当地经济。根据首字母d及“of oil”可知,此处指“发现”,对应名词discovery。空格处在句中作主语,由谓语changed可知需用单数形式,故填discovery。
5.The soldier was ________ (受伤的) in the battle and was sent to the hospital immediately.
【答案】wounded
【详解】句意:这名士兵在战斗中受伤了,被立即送往医院。中文提示“受伤的”,对应形容词wounded。空格前有系动词was,需填形容词作表语,描述主语状态,be wounded in意为“在……中受伤”,故填wounded。
6.The whole n________ was sad when they heard the news of the great man's death.
【答案】nation
【详解】句意:听到这位伟人去世的消息时,整个国家都感到悲伤。根据首字母n及“whole”和“was sad”可知,此处指“全体国民;国家”,对应名词nation。主语为单数,谓语用was,故填nation。
7.The fire s________ quickly through the forest because of the strong wind.
【答案】spread
【详解】句意:因为风很大,大火迅速在森林中蔓延。根据首字母s及“quickly through the forest”可知,此处指“蔓延”,对应动词spread。描述过去发生的事,应用一般过去时,spread的过去式与原形相同,故填spread。
8.This ________ (疾病) mainly affects old people, so young people needn't worry too much.
【答案】disease
【详解】句意:这种疾病主要影响老年人,所以年轻人不必过于担心。中文提示“疾病”,对应名词disease。空格前有指示代词This,需填可数名词单数,作主语,谓语affects为第三人称单数,故填disease。
9.The young p________ made great contributions to the development of the new technology.
【答案】pioneer
【详解】句意:这位年轻先驱为新技术的发展作出了巨大贡献。根据首字母p及“made great contributions to the development of new technology”可知,此处指“先驱;先锋”,对应名词pioneer。空格前有定冠词The和形容词young,需填名词单数作主语,故填pioneer。
10.It's important to keep a ________ (平衡) between work and rest.
【答案】balance
【详解】句意:保持工作与休息之间的平衡很重要。中文提示“平衡”,对应名词balance。空格前有不定冠词a,需填名词单数,作keep的宾语,keep a balance between意为“在……之间保持平衡”,故填balance。
11.She showed great c________ when she faced the dangerous situation.
【答案】courage
【详解】句意:面对危险情况时,她表现出了巨大的勇气。根据首字母c及“faced the dangerous situation”可知,此处指“勇气”,对应名词courage。空格前有形容词great,需填不可数名词作宾语,show courage意为“表现出勇气”,故填courage。
12.It is ________ (必要的) for us to drink enough water every day.
【答案】necessary
【详解】句意:每天喝足够的水对我们来说是必要的。中文提示“必要的”,对应形容词necessary。空格前有系动词is,需填形容词作表语,构成固定句型It is necessary for sb. to do sth.,故填necessary。
13.People in w________ countries usually eat bread and milk for breakfast.
【答案】western
【详解】句意:西方国家的人早餐通常吃面包和牛奶。根据首字母w及“countries”可知,此处指“西方的”,对应形容词western。空格后为名词countries,需填形容词作定语,故填western。
二、用所给单词的正确形式填空
14.His ________ (admire) behaviour won him great respect from others.
【答案】admirable
【详解】句意:他令人钦佩的行为为他赢得了别人的极大尊重。括号内admire为动词“钦佩”。空格后behaviour是名词,需用形容词修饰;admire的形容词形式中,admirable意为“值得钦佩的”,修饰行为、品质等事物。故填admirable。
15.My grandfather is a famous ________ (history) who has written many books.
【答案】historian
【详解】句意:我的祖父是一位著名的历史学家,写了许多书。括号内history为名词“历史”。空格前有不定冠词a和形容词famous,需填表示“历史学家”的名词,history变名词后缀为-ian,故填historian。
16.The ________ (chemistry) is doing an experiment in the lab.
【答案】chemist
【详解】句意:这位化学家正在实验室里做实验。括号内chemistry为名词“化学”。空格前有定冠词The,需填表示“化学家”的名词作主语,chemistry变名词后缀为-ist,故填chemist。
17.Scientists have made many great ________ (discover) in space exploration.
【答案】discoveries
【详解】句意:科学家们在太空探索中取得了许多重大发现。括号内discover为动词“发现”。空格前有many great,需填可数名词复数作宾语,discover变名词为discovery,复数形式变y为i加es,故填discoveries。
18.The story happened three ________ (century) ago in a small village.
【答案】centuries
【详解】句意:这个故事发生在三个世纪前的一个小村庄里。括号内century为名词“世纪”。空格前有数词three,需填可数名词复数,century变复数变y为i加es,故填centuries。
19.The ________ (wound) soldiers were sent to the hospital at once.
【答案】wounded
【详解】句意:受伤的士兵们被立即送往医院。括号内wound为名词“伤口”或动词“使受伤”。空格后soldiers是名词,需填形容词作定语,wound的形容词形式wounded意为“受伤的”,故填wounded。
20.We should protect our ________ (nation) treasures and pass them down.
【答案】national
【详解】句意:我们应该保护我们的国家珍宝并将其传承下去。括号内nation为名词“国家”。空格后treasures是名词,需填形容词作定语,nation变形容词为national,意为“国家的”,故填national。
21.The fireman showed great ________ (brave) in saving the child from the fire.
【答案】bravery
【详解】句意:那名消防员在从火中救出孩子时表现出了巨大的勇气。括号内brave为形容词“勇敢的”。空格前有形容词great,需填名词作宾语,brave变名词为bravery,意为“勇气”,故填bravery。
22.We can learn much ________ (wise) from traditional Chinese culture.
【答案】wisdom
【详解】句意:我们可以从中国传统文化中学到很多智慧。括号内wise为形容词“明智的”。空格前有much,需填不可数名词作宾语,wise变名词为wisdom,意为“智慧”,故填wisdom。
23.We need to take a ________ (science) approach to solve this problem.
【答案】scientific
【详解】句意:我们需要用科学的方法来解决这个问题。括号内science为名词“科学”。空格后approach是名词,需填形容词作定语,science变形容词为scientific,意为“科学的”,故填scientific。
24.My uncle has a large ________ (collect) of ancient coins.
【答案】collection
【详解】句意:我叔叔有一大批古钱币收藏品。括号内collect为动词“收集”。空格前有a large,需填可数名词单数作宾语,collect变名词为collection,意为“收藏品”,故填collection。
25.Space ________ (explore) is one of the most exciting fields of science.
【答案】exploration
【详解】句意:太空探索是最令人兴奋的科学领域之一。括号内explore为动词“探索”。空格处在句中作主语,需填名词,explore变名词为exploration,意为“探索”,不可数,故填exploration。
26.We should always treat others with ________ (kind) and respect.
【答案】kindness
【详解】句意:我们应该始终以善良和尊重对待他人。括号内kind为形容词“善良的”。空格前有介词with,需填名词作宾语,kind变名词为kindness,意为“善良”,不可数,故填kindness。
三、单项选择
27.Don't ________ your umbrella ________ on the bus again.
A.leave; behind B.leave; out C.leave; for D.leave; off
【答案】A
【详解】句意:别再把你的雨伞落在公交车上了。
leave behind留下、遗忘;leave out省略、遗漏;leave for前往;leave off停止。根据“on the bus”可知,此处指把雨伞遗忘在公交车上,leave behind符合语境,故选A。
28.We need to consider many factors, but ________, we should make sure it's safe.
A.first of all B.above all C.after all D.at all
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我们需要考虑很多因素,但最重要的是,我们应该确保它是安全的。
first of all首先;above all最重要的是;after all毕竟;at all根本。根据“but”和“we should make sure it's safe”可知,此处强调安全最为重要,above all表示在众多因素中这一点最关键,故选B。
29.I ________ my mother for her hard work and kindness.
A.accept B.attend C.admire D.achieve
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我敬佩我母亲的辛勤工作和善良。
accept接受;attend参加;admire钦佩、赞赏;achieve实现。根据“for her hard work and kindness”可知,此处表达因某人的品质而钦佩对方,admire sb. for sth.为固定搭配,故选C。
30.She ate ________ cake by herself, leaving nothing for others.
A.all the B.the whole C.whole D.all
【答案】B
【详解】句意:她一个人吃掉了整个蛋糕,什么也没给别人留下。
all the + 名词意为“所有的”;the whole + 名词意为“整个的”,强调完整性;whole单独使用不修饰单数名词;all单独使用后面不直接加名词。cake为可数名词单数,表示“整个蛋糕”用the whole cake,故选B。
31.It is ________ for us to finish the work before Friday.
A.natural B.necessary C.nervous D.national
【答案】B
【详解】句意:对我们来说在周五之前完成这项工作是有必要的。
natural自然的;necessary必要的;nervous紧张的;national国家的。根据“finish the work before Friday”可知,此处表示时间上的必要性,固定句型It is necessary for sb. to do sth.意为“对某人来说做某事是必要的”,故选B。
32.The ________ of the new planet made all the scientists excited.
A.invention B.discovery C.collection D.exploration
【答案】B
【详解】句意:这颗新行星的发现让所有科学家都兴奋不已。
invention发明(创造原本不存在的事物);discovery发现(发现已存在但未被认识的事物);collection收藏品;exploration探索。行星原本就存在,只是未被发现,应用discovery。故选B。
33.She taught ________ English by watching movies and reading books.
A.himself B.myself C.herself D.ourselves
【答案】C
【详解】句意:她通过看电影和读书自学了英语。
himself他自己;myself我自己;herself她自己;ourselves我们自己。主语为She,反身代词应用herself,teach oneself意为“自学”,故选C。
34.The bad news ________ quickly across the whole country.
A.spread B.spreaded C.was spreaded D.spreading
【答案】A
【详解】句意:这个坏消息迅速传遍了全国。
spread的过去式和过去分词与原形相同,均为spread;spreaded为错误形式;was spreaded语法错误;spreading不能作谓语。描述过去发生的事用一般过去时,主动语态,故填spread,选A。
四、根据汉语提示完成句子。
35.最重要的是,你要对自己有信心。
________ ________ , you should have confidence in yourself.
【答案】Above all
【详解】句意对照:中文“最重要的是”对应英文空格处。关键词为“最重要的是”,对应固定短语above all,表示在众多事项中这一点最为关键,置于句首作状语,首字母大写。故填Above all。
36.他因为家庭贫困而在15岁时辍学了。
He ________ ________ ________ school at the age of 15 because his family was poor.
【答案】dropped out of
【详解】句意对照:“辍学”对应英文空格。关键词“辍学”对应固定短语drop out of。描述15岁时发生的事,用一般过去时,drop的过去式为dropped。故填dropped out of。
37.许多年轻科学家钦佩袁隆平为世界作出的贡献。
Many young scientists ________ ________ ________ Yuan Longping for his contributions to the world.
【答案】look up to
【详解】句意对照:“钦佩”对应英文空格。关键词“钦佩”对应固定短语look up to sb.,表示尊敬、仰慕。描述一般事实,用一般现在时,主语为复数,谓语用原形。故填look up to。
38.不要把作业落在学校了。
Don't ________ your homework ________ at school.
【答案】leave behind
【详解】句意对照:“把……落在”对应英文空格。关键词“把……落在”对应固定短语leave behind,表示遗忘在某处。祈使句否定式Don't后接动词原形,leave behind为“动词+副词”型短语,名词作宾语可置于副词前或后。故填leave behind。
39.在山区,许多人仍然靠种植土豆为生。
In mountain areas, many people still ________ ________ potatoes.
【答案】live on
【详解】句意对照:“靠……为生”对应英文空格。关键词“以……为食;靠……生活”对应固定短语live on,后接食物或生活来源。描述一般事实,用一般现在时,主语many people为复数,谓语用原形。故填live on。
40.我们应该在学习和娱乐之间保持平衡。
We should ________ a ________ between study and play.
【答案】keep; balance
【详解】句意对照:“保持平衡”对应英文空格。关键词“保持平衡”对应固定搭配keep a balance between A and B。空格前有情态动词should,后接动词原形keep,balance作keep的宾语。故填keep balance。
41.对我们来说每天锻炼身体是必要的。
________ ________ ________for us to take exercise every day.
【答案】It is necessary
【详解】句意对照:“……是必要的”对应英文空格。关键词“对某人来说做某事是必要的”对应固定句型It is necessary for sb. to do sth.。It作形式主语,真正主语为后面的不定式,be动词用is。故填It is necessary。
42.我们都钦佩她勇敢的行为。
We all ________ her ________ her brave actions.
【答案】admire; for
【详解】句意对照:“因……而钦佩某人”对应英文空格。关键词“因某事钦佩某人”对应固定搭配admire sb. for sth.。描述一般事实,用一般现在时,主语We为复数,谓语用原形。故填admire for。
43.他鼓起勇气在众人面前说了实话。
He ________ ________ and told the truth in front of everyone.
【答案】took courage
【详解】句意对照:“鼓起勇气”对应英文空格。关键词“鼓起勇气”对应固定短语take courage。描述过去发生的事,用一般过去时,take的过去式为took。故填took courage。
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