Unit 7 Grammar, word power & integration（导学案）英语新教材译林版八年级上册

该初中英语导学案围绕“Unit 7 The natural world”展开，聚焦双宾（S+V+IO+DO）、宾补（S+V+DO+C）句型，并列连词（and/but/or/so）用法，-ly后缀构词规则及湿地生态保护知识。通过自然生态话题导入，以知识点讲解和分层练习为支架，衔接基础语法与环保主题的综合运用。 资料特色在于融合语言学习与环保意识，题型涵盖单词填空、句型判断、短文填空等分层训练，配套词汇句型整合思维导图，课后反思模块助力自主学习。既提升语言能力和思维品质，又培养环保素养与学习能力，适合课堂教学与学生自主巩固。

Unit 7 The natural world Grammar, Word power & Integration导学案 1.掌握两大核心句型结构：S+V+IO+DO（主谓双宾）、S+V+DO+C（主谓宾补），熟练掌握句型转换规则与常用搭配动词；熟练掌握并列连词and、but、or、so的用法，能区分不同连词的逻辑关系，正确串联语句；掌握后缀-ly的构词规则，能区分-ly构成的副词、形容词，精准变形并运用单词；了解扎龙、盐城自然保护区相关知识，掌握湿地生态保护的核心措施与重点短语。（学习理解） 2.能运用双宾语、宾语补足语结构及并列连词，书写介绍生态系统的完整语段；能熟练运用-ly后缀词汇描述自然生态现象，提升词汇运用与语句润色能力；能结合自然保护区素材，口头、书面阐述生态系统面临的问题及保护措施。（应用实践） 3.认识海洋、湿地、森林三大生态系统的重要性，树立保护自然、守护生态平衡的环保意识，主动践行生态保护行为。（迁移创新） 重点： 1.双宾语与宾语补足语句型辨析； 2.and/but/or/so连词用法；-ly后缀构词规则； 3.湿地生态保护核心知识点。 难点： 1.双宾语结构中to/for的选用； 2.or在否定句中的特殊用法； 3.-ly同形副词与形容词的区分； 4.结合语境灵活运用语法、词汇写作环保语段。 一、单词填空 1. balance (n.) _________ 2. surface (n.) _________ 3. oxygen (n.) _________ 4. store (v.) _________ 5. role (n.) _________ 6. friendly (adj.) _________ 7. lovely (adj.) _________ 8. deadly (adj.) _________ 二、句型判断（填写S+V+IO+DO 或 S+V+DO+C） 1. The wetland offers birds living places. (__________) 2. The clean water keeps animals healthy. (__________) 3. We call forests the “lungs” of the earth. (__________) 三、连词填空（and/but/or/so） 1. Grasslands are wide __________ they are home to many animals. 2. The ocean is huge, __________ it is easily polluted by plastic waste. 3. You can protect wetlands __________ plant more trees. 4. It rains heavily, __________ wetlands can store much water. 四、词形转换（-ly后缀） 1. The climate is __________ (real) bad for corals. (__________) 2. We should be __________ (friend) to all living things. (__________) 3. People __________ (slow) realize the importance of protection. (__________) 五、句型转换 1. The plants give small insects food.（改为to结构） _________________________ 2. Bad weather makes the wetland dirty.（改为否定句） _________________________ 六、句子翻译 1. 湿地可以净化水质，还能预防洪水。（and） _________________________ 2. 海洋污染很严重，所以很多海洋生物失去家园。（so） _________________________ 【答案】 一、单词填空（中文释义） 1.平衡 2.表面；表层 3.氧气 4.储存；储藏 5.角色；作用 6.友好的 7.可爱的；迷人的 8. 致命的 二、句型判断 1.S+V+IO+DO 2.S+V+DO+C 3. S+V+DO+C 三、连词填空 1.and 2.but 3. or 4.so 四、词形转换 1.really 2. friendly 3.slowly 五、句型转换 1.The plants give food to small insects. 2.Bad weather doesn’t make the wetland dirty. 六、句子翻译 1.Wetlands can clean the water and prevent floods. 2.Ocean pollution is very serious, so many sea-living things lose their homes. 知识点1：Quite a few desert plants also give animals food. 【用法讲解】 1. 含义：相当多、不少，表肯定含义。 2. 用法：后接可数名词复数，作主语时谓语动词用复数。 3. 辨析：only a few 仅仅少数（表数量少）。 知识点2：It is home to some rare birds. 【用法讲解】 1. 核心含义：是……的栖息地、产地。 2. 同义替换：be the home of 3. 教材拓展：The ocean is home to millions of sea creatures. 知识点3：This will lead to less space for wildlife. 【用法讲解】 1. 含义：导致、造成（某种后果），后接名词、代词或动名词。 2. 辨析：lead sb. to sp. 带领某人去某地；lead to sth. 导致某事 3. 同义：cause, result in 知识点4：It’s very difficult to get rid of it（plastic）. 【用法讲解】 1. 含义：摆脱、除去、清除。 2. 用法：get rid of + 名词/代词，多用于去除污染、垃圾、不良事物。 3. 教材搭配：wetlands help get rid of pollution（湿地助力净化污染） 知识点5：It plays an important role in slowing down climate change. 【用法讲解】 1. 核心含义：在……中扮演重要角色、发挥重要作用。 2. 固定搭配：play a(n) + adj. + role in (doing) sth. 3. 拓展：play a key role in 在……中起关键作用 知识点6：These plants store the water in their leaves. 【用法讲解】 1. store v. 储存、储藏，store sth. in sp. 把某物储存在某处。 2. store n. 商店；储存量。 3. 教材拓展：The ocean can store heat.（海洋可以储存热量） 知识点7：...this causes corals to die slowly. 【用法讲解】 1. cause v. 导致、引起，固定结构：cause sb./sth. to do sth. 导致某人/某物做某事。 2. cause n. 原因、起因，常用搭配：the cause of ……的原因。 3. 辨析：reason 后接for，cause后接of。 知识点8：...the plastic will harm the balance of the ocean ecosystem. 【用法讲解】 1. balance n. 平衡，固定搭配：keep the balance of 保持……的平衡；the balance of nature 生态平衡。 2. balance v. 使平衡、均衡。 3. 拓展短语：keep balanced 保持均衡/平衡 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1．The wind is blowing ____________ (strong) than before, so we should close all the windows. 2．I can’t study in such a ________ (noise) environment. Many people are talking! 3．You may find wetland plants more helpful as natural cleaners than some man-made ________ (system). 4．They talked about many ________ (topic), including weather, music and so on. 5．The manager asked his secretary ________ (finish) the report before Friday. 6．My family were having dinner when we heard a girl ________ (shout) “Help”. 7．I speak in a loud voice because I want to make myself ________ (hear) clearly. 8．I’m sorry to keep you ________ (wait) for so long. 9．Our teacher found the windows ________ (close). 10．The temperature will drop below zero, and it will be ________ (snow) tonight. 11．Some precious animals and plants disappeared because of ________ (pollute). 12．We all want to know how to make healthy ________ (balance) meals. 13．He wants ________ (create) a house. 14．The fog ________ (lead) to this car accident last week. 15．We ________ (solve) the problem and the teacher was very happy. 16．I think she is a very ________ (create) musician. 17．Lots of students are chatting with each other about their ________ (week) exam at the moment. 18．I ________ (real) don’t know what to do tomorrow. 19．The ________ (environment) class is very interesting. 二、根据汉语提示填空 20．It’s ________ (危险的) to swim in this river because the current is very strong. 21．After the earthquake, the soldiers worked hard to ensure the ________ (安全) of the villagers. 22．There was a ________ (突然的) rainstorm when we were hiking in the forest. 23．Only a few people ________ (幸存) in that serious mountain accident. 24．The local government ________ (提供) warm clothes for the people in the mountain area. 25．Many people became homeless after the terrible ________ (地震) in 2023. 26．Many modern homes use smart ________ (系统) to control lights and temperature, saving energy and money. 27．The ________ (话题) goal is to collect 500 old books for the village library by next month. 28．We should try our best to ________ (解决) these serious environmental problems. 29．Reading more books can help us get useful ________ (知识) every day. 30．Some animals usually ________ (储存) food before winter comes. 31．My grandparents have a ________ (均衡的) eating habit. 32．Sorry, I can’t finish (完成) the ________ (研究项目) in two days. 33．Too much work and too little rest ________ (导致) to illness so he looked unhealthy. 34．When the ________ (洪水) came, people moved to higher places quickly. 三、单项选择 35．We are going to talk ________ the ________ “My favourite food” tomorrow. A．to, word B．about, topic C．about, word D．to, topic 36．In the future, even more things will be connected to the internet, ________. A．so life will continue to change B．although this will really be possible C．but doctors can provide better treatment D．because this could lead to serious problems 37．____ Bob is very tall, ____ he can’t play basketball. A．/; but B．Although; but C．Because; so D．/; so 38．The heavy storm ________ the power supply, so we had to use candles at night. A．cut off B．took off C．put off D．turned off 39．Listen! The ________ is so loud that I can’t hear what you are saying. A．wind B．thunder C．snow D．rain 40．The river _______ after the heavy rain, and many fields were under water. A．rose B．raised C．grew D．fell 41．All the ________ things in the wetlands need water to keep ________. A．living; alive B．living; living C．lively; alive D．alive; living 42．They left the picnic place in the park without putting out the fire, so it ________ a big fire last weekend. Luckily, no one was hurt. A．happened to B．led to C．connect with D．depended on 43．He felt ________ tired and then he fell ________ quickly. A．a little; sleepy B．a bit of; asleep C．a little bit; sleepy D．a bit; asleep 44．We’d like to go shopping with you, ________ we are too busy with homework. A．or B．and C．but D．so 45．Can you speak in a loud voice? I couldn’t hear what you said ________. A．slowly B．clearly C．quietly D．closely 46．We heard a little cat crying in the bushes. The sentence structure is “________”. A．S + V + O B．S + V C．S + V + P D．S + V + O + OC 47．We should plant more trees to ________ the soil ________ being washed away by rain. A．protect; from B．keep; off C．prevent; for D．stop; to 48．When the earthquake started, the teacher told the students to________ and hide under the desks. A．calm down B．put down C．sit down D．fall down 49．—Must we finish the report about the nature reserve today? —No, you ________. You can hand it in tomorrow. A．mustn’t B．can’t C．needn’t D．shouldn’t 四、完成句子 50．海洋正在变暖，这对珊瑚礁来说可能不再是适宜的生存环境。 The ocean ________ ________ ________, and it may not be a ________ environment for coral reefs. 51．温暖的阳光让冬日的下午变得很舒服。 The warm sunshine ________ the winter afternoon ________ ________. 52．我的老师昨天给我们讲了一个关于冬至的有趣故事。 My teacher ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ about the winter solstice yesterday. 53．我们应该鼓励人们使用环保产品。 We should encourage people ________ ________ __________ ________. 54．政府去年在这个地区建立了一个保护区。 Last year, the government ________ ________ a reserve in this area. 55．教育和知识是帮助保持森林安全的有用工具。 Education and knowledge are useful tools to help __________ __________ __________. 56．这将导致野生动植物的(生存)空间越来越少。 This will __________ __________ less space for wildlife. 57．它为我们提供食物，也为我们提供娱乐的空间。 It ________ ________ ________ food and ________ ________ ________ to have fun. 58．我们需要节约更多水资源，以便保护地球上有限的淡水资源。 We need to save more water ________ ________ ________ protect the limited freshwater resources on Earth. 59．这片森林里的大多数动物晚上睡觉，白天寻找食物。 Most of the animals in this forest sleep at night and look for food ________ ________ ________. 60．这座沿海城市气候温和，所以你一整年都能吃到新鲜的海鲜。 The coastal city has a mild climate, so you can enjoy fresh seafood ________ ________ ________. 61．这场讨论会的主题是关于如何保护环境。 The topic of this discussion is about ___________ ___________ protect the environment. 62．戴维在学校里有相当多的朋友。 David has ________ ________ ________ friends at school. 63．你每天都会面对许多问题，但这些问题终究是会解决的。 You ________ ________ a lot of problems everyday but they will be solved in the end. 64．雨下了三天没完没了，所以很多户外活动都不得不取消了。 The rain ________ ________ ________ ________ for three days, so many outdoor activities had to be canceled. 五、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Only about 2.5 per cent of the earth’s water is freshwater. Of that, nearly 70 per cent is frozen in huge and 65 (peace) glaciers and ice caps (冰川和冰冠). About 30 per cent is groundwater, which is important for human 66 (develop) and daily life. It hides under mountains, plains and even deserts, and is called aquifers (含水层). Groundwater is 67 important part of earth’s water cycle. Some groundwater naturally rises and 68 (pour) out onto earth’s surface through springs (泉). In fact, we use 200 times more groundwater than oil. As human-caused climate change dries out parts of the planet, the need for groundwater will rise, 69 the same time, climate change may make storms much 70 (strong). Heavier rains are more likely to rush 71 (direct) into lakes and rivers than flow into soil. So there may be less groundwater. Meanwhile, human activities have 72 (pollute) groundwater in many places. Chemicals from farming or mining (采矿) flow into these aquifers. What can be 73 (do)? Reduce pollution and find ways to purify (净化) groundwater. 74 we act now, we will hardly get clean water in the future. 参考答案 一、 1．more strongly 【解析】句意：风比之前刮得更猛烈了，所以我们应该关上所有的窗户。“than before”为比较级的标志词，提示此处应用副词的比较级形式修饰动词。strong是形容词，其副词形式是strongly，strongly是多音节副词，其比较级是在前面加more，故填more strongly。 2．noisy 【解析】句意：我无法在如此嘈杂的环境中学习。太多人在交谈！根据空后名词“environment”可知，此处需填入一个形容词作定语，noise的形容词形式为“noisy”，表示“嘈杂的，吵闹的”。 3．systems 【解析】句意：你可能会发现湿地植物作为天然清洁工比一些人工系统更有帮助。system“系统”，是可数名词，根据“some”可知，此处应填其复数形式systems。故填systems。 4．topics 【解析】句意：他们谈论了很多话题，包括天气、音乐等等。空格前面的many修饰可数名词复数，且空格后面“including weather, music and so on.”包含了不止一个话题，故空格中应使用topic“话题”的复数形式。故填topics。 5．to finish 【解析】句意：经理要求他的秘书在星期五之前完成报告。finish“完成”，ask sb. to do sth.表示“要求某人做某事”，此处用动词不定式。故填to finish。 6．shouting 【解析】句意：我的家人正在吃晚饭，这时我们听到一个女孩喊“救命”。根据“My family were having dinner when we heard a girl…(shout) ‘Help’.”可知，此处为固定短语hear sb doing sth表示“听见某人正在做某事”，用现在分词shouting“喊叫”。故填shouting。 7．heard 【解析】句意：我大声说话是因为我想让别人听清楚。make oneself heard“使某人自己被听到”，固定搭配，heard是过去分词，此处作宾语补足语，故填heard。 8．waiting 【解析】句意：对不起，让你久等了。根据“I’m sorry to keep you…(wait) for so long.”可知，此处为固定短语keep sb doing sth“使某人一直持续做某事”，应用现在分词形式waiting“等待”。故填waiting。 9．closed 【解析】句意：我们的老师发现窗户关着。分析句子，“find+宾语+形容词”结构意为“发现某物处于某种状态”，此处表达发现窗户关着，形容词作宾语补足语，closed“关着的”。故填closed。 10．snowy 【解析】句意：气温将会降到零度以下，今晚将会下雪。be动词后面需要使用形容词作表语，snow是动词或名词，需变为形容词snowy，意思是“下雪的”。 11．pollution 【解析】句意：一些珍稀动植物因为污染消失了。because of后接名词、代词或动名词，动词pollute对应的名词形式是pollution，为不可数名词。 12．balanced 【解析】句意：我们都想知道如何做出健康均衡的膳食。空处用于修饰名词meals，所以空处应填形容词balanced“平衡的”。故填balanced。 13．to create 【解析】句意：他想要创造一座房子。want to do sth“想要做某事”，因此want接动词不定式作宾语，所以用“to create”。故填to create。 14．led 【解析】句意：这场雾导致了上周的车祸。根据“last week”可知，此句应用一般过去时，lead“导致”，动词，过去式为led。故填led。 15．solved 【解析】句意：我们解决了问题，老师非常高兴。根据“We…the problem and the teacher was very happy.”及提示词可知，句子时态为一般过去时，空处应用动词的过去式作谓语，solve动词，解决，过去式为solved。故填solved。 16．creative 【解析】句意：我认为她是一位非常有创造力的音乐家。空格处缺少形容词作定语修饰名词musician，create的形容词形式为creative。故填creative。 17．weekly 【解析】句意：很多学生此刻正在互相聊他们的周考。根据“exam”为名词可知，此处需用形容词修饰exam，week的形容词形式为weekly，意为“每周的”。故填weekly。 18．really 【解析】句意：我确实不知道明天做什么。分析句子可知，此处应填副词修饰动词don’t know，real是形容词，副词形式是really，意为“的确，确实”。故填really。 19．environmental 【解析】句意：环境课很有趣。根据“class”可知， 此处应用environment“环境”的形容词environmental“环境的”作定语修饰class。故填environmental。 二、 20．dangerous 【解析】句意：在这条河里游泳很危险，因为水流非常强劲。dangerous“危险的”，在句中作表语。 21．safety 【解析】句意：地震后，士兵们努力工作，确保村民的安全。safety“安全”，在动词后作宾语。 22．sudden 【解析】句意：我们徒步在森林里时，突然下起了暴雨。sudden“突然的”，作定语修饰rainstorm。 23．survived 【解析】句意：那次严重的山地事故中，只有少数人幸存。survive“幸存”，事故是已经发生的过去事件，句子需要用一般过去时，动词用过去式survived。 24．provided 【解析】句意：当地政府为山区居民提供了保暖衣物。provide“提供”，provide sth. for sb.“为某人提供某物”；结合语境动作发生在过去，是一般过去时，动词用过去式。 25．earthquake 【解析】句意：2023年这场可怕的地震之后，许多人无家可归。括号内汉语提示为地震，terrible是形容词，后面修饰名词，the表示特指这一场地震，因此使用名词单数earthquake。 26．systems 【解析】句意：许多现代家庭使用智能系统来控制灯光和温度，从而节省能源和金钱。“系统”对应的英文单词是system，为可数名词。根据句意，此处指多个家庭使用多个系统，且空前无冠词a/an，故应用复数形式systems。 27．topic’s 【解析】句意：该话题的目标是在下个月之前为乡村图书馆收集500本旧书。括号中给出中文“话题”，对应英文单词为“topic”。句中“goal”为名词，前面需要用所有格形式表示“话题的（目标）”，因此使用topic的所有格形式“topic’s”。 28．solve 【解析】句意：我们应该尽我们最大努力解决这些严峻的环境问题。“解决”solve，动词；固定搭配try one’s best to do sth.，to后接动词原形。 29．knowledge 【解析】句意：多读书可以帮助我们每天获取有用的知识。根据括号内的中文提示“知识”，对应knowledge。knowledge属于不可数名词，没有复数形式（不能加-s）。句中形容词“useful”修饰名词，故填原形knowledge。 30．store 【解析】句意：一些动物通常在冬天来临前储存食物。“储存”英文单词为store，此处在句中作谓语，usually表明句子时态为一般现在时，主语Some animals为复数，谓语动词用原形store。 31．balanced 【解析】句意：我的祖父母有一个均衡的饮食习惯。均衡的：balanced，形容词作定语修饰名词短语“eating habit”。故填balanced。 32．project 【解析】句意：对不起，我不能在两天内完成这个研究项目。project“研究项目”，可数名词，the后跟名词单数形式表示特指。故填project。 33．led 【解析】句意：太多的工作和太少的休息导致了疾病，所以他看起来不健康。根据对句子结构的分析可知，前面一个并列分句没有谓语动词，所以此处需填入表“导致”的动词。又根据“so he looked unhealthy.”可知，前面并列分句的时态也为一般过去时。lead“导致”，为动词，其过去式为led。故填led。 34．flood 【解析】句意：洪水来临的时候，人们迅速转移到了地势更高的地方。本句为时间状语从句，空格前有定冠词the，后面可接单数名词特指这场洪水；flood作名词意为“洪水”，符合语境。 三 35．B 【解析】句意：我们明天要谈论关于“我最喜爱的食物”这个话题。 考查介词辨析和名词辨析。to到；about关于；word单词；topic话题。第一空，“talk about”意为“谈论某事”，后接谈论的内容，“talk to”意为“和某人说话”，后接人，所以排除A项和D项；第二空，“My favourite food”是要谈论的话题，而非单词，排除C项。故选B。 36．A 【解析】句意：将来，更多的东西会连接到互联网，所以生活将继续改变。 考查连词及句子逻辑关系。so life will continue to change因此生活将继续发生变化，so表因果，引出结果；although this will really be possible尽管这确实是可能的，although表让步，引导让步状语从句； but doctors can provide better treatment但是医生能提供更好的治疗，but表转折；because this could lead to serious problems因为这可能会导致严重的问题，because表因果，引出原因。根据句子逻辑，“更多东西连接互联网”是原因，后续应接由此产生的结果。so用于引出因果关系中的结果，符合“联网范围扩大→生活继续变化”的逻辑链条。故选A。 37．A 【解析】句意：鲍勃很高，但他不能打篮球。考查连词辨析。although尽管，表让步；but但是，表转折；此二者不可混用。because因为，表原因（前果后因）；so所以，表结果（前因后果）；此二者也不可混用。本句前后是转折关系，需用but连接；根据句意结构和语境，可知选A。 38．A 【解析】句意：这场大暴风雨切断了电力供应，所以我们晚上不得不使用蜡烛。 cut off切断；took off起飞；put off推迟；turned off关掉。根据“so we had to use candles at night”可知停电了，暴风雨导致供电中断应用cut off。turned off通常指人为关闭，不符合语境。 39．B 【解析】句意：听！雷声太大了，以至于我听不见你在说什么。 wind风；thunder雷声；snow雪；rain雨。根据“so loud that I can’t hear what you are saying”可知，此处强调声音巨大影响听力，snow是无声的，wind和rain虽有声音，但thunder是最符合“音量极大、会干扰人正常对话”的自然声响，故填thunder。 40．A 【解析】句意：大雨过后河水上涨了，许多田地都被水淹没了。 rose (rise 的过去式) 上升，上涨；raised (raise 的过去式) 举起，提高；grew (grow 的过去式) 生长，变得；fell (fall 的过去式) 落下，下降。根据“after the heavy rain”和“many fields were under water”可知，大雨导致河水水位上升，且主语The river后无宾语，需用不及物动词，rose符合语境。 41．A 【解析】句意：湿地里所有的生物都需要水来维持生命。 living活着的；alive活着的；lively生动的，活泼的。第一空修饰名词things，作定语，指“活着的”，应用living；第二空在keep后作表语，指保持“活着的”状态，应用alive。应填living；alive。 42．B 【解析】句意：他们没有把火扑灭就离开了公园里野餐的地方，所以它导致了上周末的一场大火。幸运的是，没人受伤。 happened to碰巧；led to导致；connect with与……联系；depended on依赖。根据“They left the picnic place in the park without putting out the fire”可知，没灭火离开会引发后果。结合语境及last weekend可知需用过去式，且表示因果关系，led to符合题意。 43．D 【解析】句意：他感到有点累，然后很快就睡着了。 a bit和a little可修饰形容词，a bit of后接名词；fall asleep意为“入睡”，sleepy意为“困倦的”。根据第一空后为形容词tired，排除B；根据第二空固定搭配fall asleep，排除A和C，应选D。 44．C 【解析】句意：我们想和你一起去购物，但是我们作业太忙了。 or或者；and和；but但是；so所以。根据“We’d like to go shopping with you...we are too busy with homework.”可知，前句提到想要去购物，后句说太忙了，前后句意存在转折关系，用but连接。 45．B 【解析】句意：你能大声一点说话吗？我听不清你说的话。 slowly缓慢地；clearly清晰地；quietly安静地；closely密切地。前文请求对方大声说话，说明听不清晰，应填clearly。 46．D 【解析】句意：我们听到一只小猫在灌木丛里哭。 分析句子成分可知，We作主语（S），heard作谓语（V），a little cat作宾语（O），crying作宾语补足语（OC），补充说明宾语的动作状态，符合S + V + O + OC结构。 47．A 【解析】句意：我们应该种植更多树木来保护土壤不被雨水冲走。 protect; from构成固定搭配protect...from...“保护……免受……”；keep; off意思是“使……不靠近”；prevent正确搭配为prevent...from...；stop正确搭配为stop...from...。结合句子语境，此处选用protect; from。 48．A 【解析】句意：当地震开始时，老师告诉学生们要冷静下来并躲在桌子下面。 calm down冷静下来；put down放下；sit down坐下；fall down摔倒。根据“When the earthquake started”及“hide under the desks”可知，遇到地震紧急情况时，首先要保持镇定，才能安全躲避，所以这里应填calm down。 49．C 【解析】句意：——我们今天必须完成关于自然保护区的报告吗？——不，你不必。你可以明天交。 mustn’t禁止；can’t不能；needn’t不必；shouldn’t不应该。对“Must”开头的疑问句作否定回答，应用“needn’t”，表示“不必”。故选C。 四、 50． is getting warmer friendly 【解析】根据句意可知，第一空到第三空表示“正在变暖”，“变得”用“get”，结合语境可知，句子时态是现在进行时，其结构为“be+动词的现在分词”，主语“The ocean”是第三人称单数，be动词用“is”，“get”的现在分词是“getting”，“更暖和的”用“warmer”；第四空表示“适宜的”，用形容词“friendly”作定语修饰名词“environment”。故填is；getting；warmer；friendly。 51． makes very comfortable 【解析】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“让”和“很舒服”。make“让，使”，句子描述的是一般事实，时态为一般现在时，主语是The warm sunshine，所以谓语用动词三单形式makes；very“很”，是副词；comfortable“舒服的”，是形容词。故填makes；very；comfortable。 52． told us an interesting story 【解析】tell sb an interesting story“给某人讲一个有趣的故事”。时态为一般过去时，陈述过去发生的事，谓语动词用过去式told；us“我们”，宾格，作宾语。故填told；us；an；interesting；story。 53． to use eco-friendly products 【解析】原句中“使用环保产品”是关键词。encourage sb. to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“鼓励某人做某事”，故第①空填不定式符号to，第②空填动词原形use表示“使用”。“环保”用形容词eco-friendly表示，修饰名词“产品”，故第③空填eco-friendly。“产品”用product，本句的“环保产品”是泛指市面上所有环保类商品，不是单独一件，故第④空填products复数。 54． set up 【解析】原句中“建立”是关键词，“建立”在英语中对应固定动词短语set up；时间状语Last year表明句子时态为一般过去时，动词set的过去式为不规则变化，仍为set，故填set up。 55． keep forests safe 【解析】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“保持森林安全”，应用“keep+宾语+形容词”结构；森林：forest，可数名词，此处应用复数表泛指；安全的：safe。help (to) do sth.“帮助做某事”，keep用原形。故填keep；forests；safe。 56． lead to 【解析】对照中英文，lead to“导致”符合题意，为动词短语，will接动词原形。故填lead；to。 57． provides us with offers us space 【解析】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“为我们提供”以及“为我们提供空间”。“为我们提供”可译为“provides us with”，主语“It”是第三人称单数，时态是一般现在时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式；“为我们提供空间”对应“offers us space”，and并列结构此处用动词三单形式。故填provides；us；with；offers；us；space。 58． in order to 【解析】根据句意可知，此处表示“以便，为了”，用短语“in order to” ，该短语在句中连接前后两个句子成分，表示目的。故填in；order；to 。 59． in the daytime 【解析】根据句意可知，此处表示“在白天”，用介词短语“in the daytime”，且此短语在句中作时间状语。故填in；the；daytime。 60． all year round 【解析】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“一整年”。“一整年”译为“all year round”。故填all；year；round。 61． how to 【解析】how to do sth“如何做某事”。故填how；to。 62． quite a few 【解析】根据中英文对照可知，空格处为“相当多”quite a few。故填quite；a；few。 63． are facing 【解析】结合中英文，此处时态为现在进行时，表示每天都正在面对问题，主语是you，需用现在进行时结构are+动词现在分词形式，face“面对”。故填are；facing。 64． went on and on 【解析】根据中英文对照可知，空处缺“下了没完没了”的英文。“go on and on” 是固定搭配，表示“持续不停、没完没了”，根据“had”可知，本句时态为一般过去时，谓语动词需用过去式。故填went；on；and；on。 五、 65．peaceful 66．development 67．an 68．pours 69．at 70．stronger 71．directly 72．polluted 73．done 74．Unless 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了地下水资源的重要性，指出其正受气候变化与人类活动的威胁，呼吁尽早行动保护地下水。 65．句意:其中近70%冻结在广袤静谧的冰川和冰冠之中。and连接两个并列的成分，huge为形容词，意为“巨大的”，peace为名词，形容词形式为peaceful。 66．句意:约30%的淡水是地下水，它对人类发展和日常生活至关重要。for是介词，介词后需要接名词性成分作宾语。develop“发展”，动词，名词形式为development。 67．句意:地下水是地球水循环的一个重要组成部分。“important”以元音音素/ɪ/开头，此处表示“一个重要组成部分”，用不定冠词an。 68．句意:部分地下水会自然抬升，经由泉涌流到地球表面。and连接并列谓语，和rises一致，用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式，pour第三人称单数形式为pours。 69．句意:人类活动引发的气候变化导致地球部分地区不断干旱，人类对地下水的需求会随之上升；与此同时，气候变化也会让风暴变得更强。空格前提出“人为导致的气候变化让地球部分区域变得干旱人类对地下水的需求会上升”，空格后要讲气候变化带来的另一个同步发生的负面影响，at the same time意为“与此同时”，固定搭配，承接了上文“需求上升”的变化，又引出了下文同时发生的负面情况。 70．句意:人类活动引发的气候变化导致地球部分地区不断干旱，人类对地下水的需求会随之上升；与此同时，气候变化也会让风暴变得更强。much后接形容词比较级，此处指“气候变化会让风暴更强”，strong的比较级stronger。 71．句意:强降雨更可能直接地涌入河湖，而非渗入土壤。此处需要副词修饰动词rush，direct“直接的”，形容词，副词形式directly表示“直接地”，符合语义。 72．句意:与此同时，人类活动已经在很多区域污染了地下水。由助动词“have”可知，句子的时态为现在完成时，其结构为：have/has+过去分词，表示过去发生的动作，对现在造成的结果，本文这里说人类活动污染地下水，是从过去到现在已经发生的情况，对现在的结果就是“如今很多区域地下水已经被污染”，pollute“污染”，动词，过去分词为polluted。 73．句意:我们能做些什么呢？主语What和动词do之间是被动关系，本句是情态动词的被动语态，其结构为：情态动词+be+ 过去分词，do的过去分词done。 74．句意:除非我们现在就行动，否则未来我们几乎不可能获得干净的水资源。根据“…we act now, we will hardly get clean water in the future.”可知，后半句“未来我们几乎不会获得干净的水”是结果，前半句“我们现在就行动”是条件，因此用unless引导条件状语从句，句子首字母大写。 1．本节课核心知识（结合课堂知识总结）：_________________________________________________ 2．今日错题 / 不懂的内容：_______________________________________________________________ 3．出错 / 听不懂的原因：□概念不会 □审题马虎 □思路没掌握 □其他________________________ 4．我的改进小计划： _________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 7 The natural world Grammar, Word power & Integration导学案 1.掌握两大核心句型结构：S+V+IO+DO（主谓双宾）、S+V+DO+C（主谓宾补），熟练掌握句型转换规则与常用搭配动词；熟练掌握并列连词and、but、or、so的用法，能区分不同连词的逻辑关系，正确串联语句；掌握后缀-ly的构词规则，能区分-ly构成的副词、形容词，精准变形并运用单词；了解扎龙、盐城自然保护区相关知识，掌握湿地生态保护的核心措施与重点短语。（学习理解） 2.能运用双宾语、宾语补足语结构及并列连词，书写介绍生态系统的完整语段；能熟练运用-ly后缀词汇描述自然生态现象，提升词汇运用与语句润色能力；能结合自然保护区素材，口头、书面阐述生态系统面临的问题及保护措施。（应用实践） 3.认识海洋、湿地、森林三大生态系统的重要性，树立保护自然、守护生态平衡的环保意识，主动践行生态保护行为。（迁移创新） 重点： 1.双宾语与宾语补足语句型辨析； 2.and/but/or/so连词用法；-ly后缀构词规则； 3.湿地生态保护核心知识点。 难点： 1.双宾语结构中to/for的选用； 2.or在否定句中的特殊用法； 3.-ly同形副词与形容词的区分； 4.结合语境灵活运用语法、词汇写作环保语段。 一、单词填空 1. balance (n.) _________ 2. surface (n.) _________ 3. oxygen (n.) _________ 4. store (v.) _________ 5. role (n.) _________ 6. friendly (adj.) _________ 7. lovely (adj.) _________ 8. deadly (adj.) _________ 二、句型判断（填写S+V+IO+DO 或 S+V+DO+C） 1. The wetland offers birds living places. (__________) 2. The clean water keeps animals healthy. (__________) 3. We call forests the “lungs” of the earth. (__________) 三、连词填空（and/but/or/so） 1. Grasslands are wide __________ they are home to many animals. 2. The ocean is huge, __________ it is easily polluted by plastic waste. 3. You can protect wetlands __________ plant more trees. 4. It rains heavily, __________ wetlands can store much water. 四、词形转换（-ly后缀） 1. The climate is __________ (real) bad for corals. (__________) 2. We should be __________ (friend) to all living things. (__________) 3. People __________ (slow) realize the importance of protection. (__________) 五、句型转换 1. The plants give small insects food.（改为to结构） _________________________ 2. Bad weather makes the wetland dirty.（改为否定句） _________________________ 六、句子翻译 1. 湿地可以净化水质，还能预防洪水。（and） _________________________ 2. 海洋污染很严重，所以很多海洋生物失去家园。（so） _________________________ 知识点1：Quite a few desert plants also give animals food. 【用法讲解】 1. 含义：相当多、不少，表肯定含义。 2. 用法：后接可数名词复数，作主语时谓语动词用复数。 3. 辨析：only a few 仅仅少数（表数量少）。 知识点2：It is home to some rare birds. 【用法讲解】 1. 核心含义：是……的栖息地、产地。 2. 同义替换：be the home of 3. 教材拓展：The ocean is home to millions of sea creatures. 知识点3：This will lead to less space for wildlife. 【用法讲解】 1. 含义：导致、造成（某种后果），后接名词、代词或动名词。 2. 辨析：lead sb. to sp. 带领某人去某地；lead to sth. 导致某事 3. 同义：cause, result in 知识点4：It’s very difficult to get rid of it（plastic）. 【用法讲解】 1. 含义：摆脱、除去、清除。 2. 用法：get rid of + 名词/代词，多用于去除污染、垃圾、不良事物。 3. 教材搭配：wetlands help get rid of pollution（湿地助力净化污染） 知识点5：It plays an important role in slowing down climate change. 【用法讲解】 1. 核心含义：在……中扮演重要角色、发挥重要作用。 2. 固定搭配：play a(n) + adj. + role in (doing) sth. 3. 拓展：play a key role in 在……中起关键作用 知识点6：These plants store the water in their leaves. 【用法讲解】 1. store v. 储存、储藏，store sth. in sp. 把某物储存在某处。 2. store n. 商店；储存量。 3. 教材拓展：The ocean can store heat.（海洋可以储存热量） 知识点7：...this causes corals to die slowly. 【用法讲解】 1. cause v. 导致、引起，固定结构：cause sb./sth. to do sth. 导致某人/某物做某事。 2. cause n. 原因、起因，常用搭配：the cause of ……的原因。 3. 辨析：reason 后接for，cause后接of。 知识点8：...the plastic will harm the balance of the ocean ecosystem. 【用法讲解】 1. balance n. 平衡，固定搭配：keep the balance of 保持……的平衡；the balance of nature 生态平衡。 2. balance v. 使平衡、均衡。 3. 拓展短语：keep balanced 保持均衡/平衡 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1．The wind is blowing ____________ (strong) than before, so we should close all the windows. 2．I can’t study in such a ________ (noise) environment. Many people are talking! 3．You may find wetland plants more helpful as natural cleaners than some man-made ________ (system). 4．They talked about many ________ (topic), including weather, music and so on. 5．The manager asked his secretary ________ (finish) the report before Friday. 6．My family were having dinner when we heard a girl ________ (shout) “Help”. 7．I speak in a loud voice because I want to make myself ________ (hear) clearly. 8．I’m sorry to keep you ________ (wait) for so long. 9．Our teacher found the windows ________ (close). 10．The temperature will drop below zero, and it will be ________ (snow) tonight. 11．Some precious animals and plants disappeared because of ________ (pollute). 12．We all want to know how to make healthy ________ (balance) meals. 13．He wants ________ (create) a house. 14．The fog ________ (lead) to this car accident last week. 15．We ________ (solve) the problem and the teacher was very happy. 16．I think she is a very ________ (create) musician. 17．Lots of students are chatting with each other about their ________ (week) exam at the moment. 18．I ________ (real) don’t know what to do tomorrow. 19．The ________ (environment) class is very interesting. 二、根据汉语提示填空 20．It’s ________ (危险的) to swim in this river because the current is very strong. 21．After the earthquake, the soldiers worked hard to ensure the ________ (安全) of the villagers. 22．There was a ________ (突然的) rainstorm when we were hiking in the forest. 23．Only a few people ________ (幸存) in that serious mountain accident. 24．The local government ________ (提供) warm clothes for the people in the mountain area. 25．Many people became homeless after the terrible ________ (地震) in 2023. 26．Many modern homes use smart ________ (系统) to control lights and temperature, saving energy and money. 27．The ________ (话题) goal is to collect 500 old books for the village library by next month. 28．We should try our best to ________ (解决) these serious environmental problems. 29．Reading more books can help us get useful ________ (知识) every day. 30．Some animals usually ________ (储存) food before winter comes. 31．My grandparents have a ________ (均衡的) eating habit. 32．Sorry, I can’t finish (完成) the ________ (研究项目) in two days. 33．Too much work and too little rest ________ (导致) to illness so he looked unhealthy. 34．When the ________ (洪水) came, people moved to higher places quickly. 三、单项选择 35．We are going to talk ________ the ________ “My favourite food” tomorrow. A．to, word B．about, topic C．about, word D．to, topic 36．In the future, even more things will be connected to the internet, ________. A．so life will continue to change B．although this will really be possible C．but doctors can provide better treatment D．because this could lead to serious problems 37．____ Bob is very tall, ____ he can’t play basketball. A．/; but B．Although; but C．Because; so D．/; so 38．The heavy storm ________ the power supply, so we had to use candles at night. A．cut off B．took off C．put off D．turned off 39．Listen! The ________ is so loud that I can’t hear what you are saying. A．wind B．thunder C．snow D．rain 40．The river _______ after the heavy rain, and many fields were under water. A．rose B．raised C．grew D．fell 41．All the ________ things in the wetlands need water to keep ________. A．living; alive B．living; living C．lively; alive D．alive; living 42．They left the picnic place in the park without putting out the fire, so it ________ a big fire last weekend. Luckily, no one was hurt. A．happened to B．led to C．connect with D．depended on 43．He felt ________ tired and then he fell ________ quickly. A．a little; sleepy B．a bit of; asleep C．a little bit; sleepy D．a bit; asleep 44．We’d like to go shopping with you, ________ we are too busy with homework. A．or B．and C．but D．so 45．Can you speak in a loud voice? I couldn’t hear what you said ________. A．slowly B．clearly C．quietly D．closely 46．We heard a little cat crying in the bushes. The sentence structure is “________”. A．S + V + O B．S + V C．S + V + P D．S + V + O + OC 47．We should plant more trees to ________ the soil ________ being washed away by rain. A．protect; from B．keep; off C．prevent; for D．stop; to 48．When the earthquake started, the teacher told the students to________ and hide under the desks. A．calm down B．put down C．sit down D．fall down 49．—Must we finish the report about the nature reserve today? —No, you ________. You can hand it in tomorrow. A．mustn’t B．can’t C．needn’t D．shouldn’t 四、完成句子 50．海洋正在变暖，这对珊瑚礁来说可能不再是适宜的生存环境。 The ocean ________ ________ ________, and it may not be a ________ environment for coral reefs. 51．温暖的阳光让冬日的下午变得很舒服。 The warm sunshine ________ the winter afternoon ________ ________. 52．我的老师昨天给我们讲了一个关于冬至的有趣故事。 My teacher ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ about the winter solstice yesterday. 53．我们应该鼓励人们使用环保产品。 We should encourage people ________ ________ __________ ________. 54．政府去年在这个地区建立了一个保护区。 Last year, the government ________ ________ a reserve in this area. 55．教育和知识是帮助保持森林安全的有用工具。 Education and knowledge are useful tools to help __________ __________ __________. 56．这将导致野生动植物的(生存)空间越来越少。 This will __________ __________ less space for wildlife. 57．它为我们提供食物，也为我们提供娱乐的空间。 It ________ ________ ________ food and ________ ________ ________ to have fun. 58．我们需要节约更多水资源，以便保护地球上有限的淡水资源。 We need to save more water ________ ________ ________ protect the limited freshwater resources on Earth. 59．这片森林里的大多数动物晚上睡觉，白天寻找食物。 Most of the animals in this forest sleep at night and look for food ________ ________ ________. 60．这座沿海城市气候温和，所以你一整年都能吃到新鲜的海鲜。 The coastal city has a mild climate, so you can enjoy fresh seafood ________ ________ ________. 61．这场讨论会的主题是关于如何保护环境。 The topic of this discussion is about ___________ ___________ protect the environment. 62．戴维在学校里有相当多的朋友。 David has ________ ________ ________ friends at school. 63．你每天都会面对许多问题，但这些问题终究是会解决的。 You ________ ________ a lot of problems everyday but they will be solved in the end. 64．雨下了三天没完没了，所以很多户外活动都不得不取消了。 The rain ________ ________ ________ ________ for three days, so many outdoor activities had to be canceled. 五、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Only about 2.5 per cent of the earth’s water is freshwater. Of that, nearly 70 per cent is frozen in huge and 65 (peace) glaciers and ice caps (冰川和冰冠). About 30 per cent is groundwater, which is important for human 66 (develop) and daily life. It hides under mountains, plains and even deserts, and is called aquifers (含水层). Groundwater is 67 important part of earth’s water cycle. Some groundwater naturally rises and 68 (pour) out onto earth’s surface through springs (泉). In fact, we use 200 times more groundwater than oil. As human-caused climate change dries out parts of the planet, the need for groundwater will rise, 69 the same time, climate change may make storms much 70 (strong). Heavier rains are more likely to rush 71 (direct) into lakes and rivers than flow into soil. So there may be less groundwater. Meanwhile, human activities have 72 (pollute) groundwater in many places. Chemicals from farming or mining (采矿) flow into these aquifers. What can be 73 (do)? Reduce pollution and find ways to purify (净化) groundwater. 74 we act now, we will hardly get clean water in the future. 1．本节课核心知识（结合课堂知识总结）：_________________________________________________ 2．今日错题 / 不懂的内容：_______________________________________________________________ 3．出错 / 听不懂的原因：□概念不会 □审题马虎 □思路没掌握 □其他________________________ 4．我的改进小计划： _________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $