Unit 7 The natural world-【语境大串记】词汇语境串记单元导学案2026-2027学年初中英语译林版八年级上册

该初中英语导学案聚焦八年级上册Unit 7 The natural world核心词汇，通过语境串记（英文原文与汉语译文）将生态系统、生物栖息地等主题词汇融入自然世界情境，结合跨单元复习（如八上Unit 6 Seasons词汇）构建知识支架，帮助学生建立前后知识点联系。 资料亮点在于语境化词块积累与梯度复现练习，通过英汉互译、词形变换等多题型巩固词汇，关联拓展部分的词汇网络图和易混词辨析提升思维品质，“顽固词库”支持个性化学习，有效培养语言能力和自主学习能力，助力学生高效掌握单元重点。

专题07 第七单元 语境串记单元记忆学案（译林版） （ 知识点来源： 八年级上册 Unit 7 The natural world ） 学校:_____________ 姓名：______________ 班级：__________ 座号：__________ 目录 第一部分：语境串记与词块积累 1 第二部分：词形转变表 2 第三部分：梯度复现与多题型练习 2 第四部分：关联拓展与循环巩固 5 第五部分：单元完整词汇表（Unit 7 The natural world，共80词） 5 第六部分：单元“顽固词库” 8 第一部分：语境串记与词块积累 A. 语境串记单词（英文原文） The natural world The natural world is a big ecosystem that is home to many living things on earth. Coral reefs and a small reef give fish a safe cover from the big waves in the sea. A group of penguins and a polar bear live in the cold north-east where the climate stays icy all year. Half of the small pond is a wetland that can hold a lot of water after the rainfall in summer. This small area is made up of living and non-living parts that act together every day to keep the balance of nature. We can hear about a project to create a park, and the topic of the plan is the quiet lake. Green plants store water and trap carbon dioxide from the air we breathe near the pond. The green leaves are like the lung of the small earth, and therefore they play a role and slow down the warming of the air. Sadly, harmful wastewater can cause damage to the lake, so we should get rid of the bad things and prevent the harm to the fish. Quite a few birds feed on the small fish, and the rare red-crowned crane can stay here in the daytime. The wildlife can include the pond and the fish, and we must pay attention to their safe life around us. We should be worried about the dirty air, so we take action to make laws and set up a reserve for the animals. We make sure the number of birds does not fall, and we use knowledge to solve the problem of the warm air. The environment-friendly way keeps the small lake balanced and safe, and the environmental group can clean up the waste to protect the river. We return to the park each spring; nearly every lake can lead to a greener earth. The daytime is short in winter, yet the small animals kill the bad insects near the pond. B. 语境串记单词（汉语译文） 自然界是一个大的生态系统(ecosystem)，是许多生物在地球上(on earth)的栖息地(be home to)。珊瑚礁(coral reefs)和一小片礁(reef)给鱼儿提供了躲避处(cover)，使它们免受大浪侵袭。一群(a group of)企鹅(penguin)和一只北极熊(polar bear)生活在寒冷的东北(north-east)，那里的气候(climate)终年冰冷。 一半(half of)的小池塘是一个湿地(wetland)，能在夏天降雨(rainfall)后容纳(hold)很多水。湿地由(be made up of)生物和非生物(non-living)部分组成，每天共同起作用(act)以保持自然的平衡(keep the balance)。我们听说(hear about)一个创建(create)公园的项目(project)，这个计划的话题(topic)是那片安静的湖。 绿色植物贮存(store)水，并吸收(trap)我们呼吸空气里的二氧化碳(carbon dioxide)。绿叶就像小地球的肺(lung)，因此(therefore)它们在减缓(slow down)空气变暖中起作用(play a role)。不幸的是(sadly)，有害的(harmful)废水(wastewater)会对湖泊造成(cause)损害(damage)，所以我们应该清除(get rid of)坏东西，并阻止(prevent)对鱼的伤害(harm)。 相当多(quite a few)的鸟以(feed on)小鱼为食，稀罕的(rare)丹顶鹤(red-crowned crane)在白天(in the daytime)留(stay)在这里。野生动物(wildlife)包括(include)池塘和鱼，我们必须注意(pay attention to)它们在我们周围(around)的安全生活。我们为(be worried about)污浊的空气担忧，于是采取行动(take action)制定法律(make laws)并建立(set up)一个动物保护区。 我们确保(make sure)鸟的数量(the number of)不减少，并用知识(knowledge)解决(solve)温暖空气的问题。环保的(environment-friendly)方式让小湖保持平衡(balanced)且安全，环保的(environmental)小组清理(clean up)废物以保护河流。我们每年春天回到(return)公园；几乎(nearly)每个湖导致(lead to)更绿的地球。白天(daytime)在冬天很短，但小动物杀死(kill)坏昆虫。 第二部分：词形转变表 序号 原词 词形变化 1 harm n./v. 伤害 harmful adj. 有害的；harmless adj. 无害的 2 include v. 包括 including prep. 包括；included adj. 包括在内的 3 create v. 创造 creative adj. 有创造力的；creation n. 创造 4 environment n. 环境 environmental adj. 环境的；environmentally adv. 环境地 5 balance n. 平衡 balanced adj. 保持平衡的；unbalanced adj. 失衡的 6 solve v. 解决 solution n. 解决方法；solver n. 解决者 7 cause v. 造成 caused adj. 由……造成的；because conj. 因为 8 clean v. 清理 cleaned adj. 清理过的；cleaner n. 清洁工 9 know v. 知道 knowledge n. 知识；knowledgeable adj. 知识渊博的 10 act v. 行动 action n. 行动；active adj. 积极的 11 rare adj. 稀罕的 rarely adv. 稀罕地；rarer adj. 更稀罕的 12 prevent v. 阻止 prevented adj. 被阻止的；prevention n. 阻止 13 store v. 贮存 stored adj. 贮存的；storage n. 贮存 14 trap v. 吸收 trapped adj. 被困的；trapper n. 捕手 15 kill v. 杀死 killed adj. 被杀的；killer n. 杀手 第三部分：梯度复现与多题型练习 题型1：英汉互译（20题） 乐思英语 ·语境串记单词 3/8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 子题A：英译中（12个） 1. ecosystem → __________ 2. wetland → __________ 3. wildlife → __________ 4. climate → __________ 5. coral reefs → __________ 6. penguin → __________ 7. rainfall → __________ 8. polar bear → __________ 9. harmful → __________ 10. wastewater → __________ 11. red-crowned crane → __________ 12. environment-friendly → __________ 子题B：中译英（8个） 1. 生态系统 → __________ 2. 湿地 → __________ 3. 野生动物 → __________ 4. 容纳 → __________ 5. 阻止 → __________ 6. 清除 → __________ 7. 保护 → __________ 8. 知识 → __________ 题型2：词形变换（8题） 1. The ________ (include) of the bird list grew longer after the spring rain in the quiet park. 2. The small lake was ________ (balance) and safe for the fish near the green hill last year. 3. We read about the ________ (create) plan in the story book about the wetland after our class. 4. ________ (knowledge) about the little birds, the girl won the first prize for the park plan at school. 5. The teacher showed us a ________ (solve) to the big problem of the dirty waste in the river. 6. The river ________ (cause) by the storm to overflow near the small town close to us last night. 7. With the ________ (environment) plan, the small group saved the lake from the bad waste near home. 8. The smoke from the fire was ________ (harm) to the small fish in the cold river near the green hill. 题型3：短语填空（6题） be home to get rid of keep the balance pay attention to take action set up 1. The small wetland ________ many kinds of water‑living animals. 2. We should ________ of nature between animals and plants. 3. While enjoying the beautiful spring view by the lake, we need to ________ the safety of ourselves. 4. If pollution is harming our wetland, we must ________ to protect it right away. 5. Local people ________ a wildlife protection group last year. 6. We can ________ harmful waste ________ the lake to protect our wetland. 题型4：完成句子（5题） 1. 去年春天一场暴雨落下，小湿地在我们家附近的绿池塘边容纳了很多水。 Last spring a heavy ________ fell and the small pond________ a lot of water near our pond. 2. 明天我们将建立一个安静的保护区，并采取行动保护野生动物。 Tomorrow we will ________ a quiet reserve and ________ the wild animals near the small blue lake. 3. 不幸的是，坏污染伤害了蓝湖，小鱼在近岸死去了。 Sadly the bad ________ harmed the blue lake and the small ________ fish died near the shore. 4. 珊瑚礁是很多小鱼的栖息地，平静的生态系统保持着平衡。 ________ are home to many small fish and the calm ________ keeps the balance of the lake. 5. 我们听说了那个绿色项目，并制定公平的法律保护安静的湿地。 We ________ the green project and ________ fair laws to protect the quiet wetland near the town. 题型5：句型同义转换（5题） 1. The rare red-crowned crane flew ________ last spring and the small fish stayed safe in the cold pond. The rare red-crowned crane flew rarely and the small fish stayed safe in the cold pond. 2. The cold storm ________ many tall green trees yesterday and the small wetland lost its safe cover. Many tall green trees were killed by the cold storm and the small wetland lost its safe cover. 3. The red-crowned crane is ________ than before in the cold north-east of our big country. The red-crowned crane is rarer than before in the cold north-east of our big country. 4. We should ________ to save the wetland and the small pond from the bad waste near us. We should take action to save the wetland and the small pond from the bad waste near us. 5. The factory ________ the small river with waste last week and the wildlife died near the quiet town. The small river was harmed by the factory with waste and the wildlife died near the quiet town. 题型6：单句语法填空（8题） 1. A strong storm ________ (prevent) the small boat from leaving the safe port near the small town. 2. The green plant ________ (store) clean water in its green leaves during the warm spring every day. 3. The big net ________ (trap) the small fish and the bird watched it from the tree near home. 4. The small boy ________ (return) to the park and saw the red-crowned crane in the morning. 5. The bad hunter ________ (kill) the small deer and the other animals ran away in the forest. 6. We should take ________ (act) now to save the lake and the small fish from the dirty waste. 7. In the cold north-east the red-crowned crane is ________ (rare) and needs our quiet help to live. 8. The strong storm ________ (cause) the small river to overflow near the quiet town last night after the rain. 题型7：阅读理解（词汇复现） The natural world is a big ecosystem that is home to many living things on earth. Coral reefs and a small reef give fish a safe cover from the big waves in the sea near the island. A group of penguin birds and a polar bear live in the cold north-east where the climate stays icy all year. Half of the small pond is a wetland that can hold a lot of water after the rainfall in summer. The wetland is made up of living and non-living parts that act together every day to keep the balance of nature. Green plants store water and trap carbon dioxide from the air we breathe near the pond each morning. The green leaves are like the lung of the small earth, and therefore they play a role and slow down the warming of the air. Sadly, harmful wastewater can cause damage to the lake, so we should get rid of the bad things and prevent the harm to the fish. Quite a few birds feed on the small fish, and the rare red-crowned crane can stay here in the daytime near the lake. The wildlife can include the pond and the fish, and we must pay attention to their safe life around us every day. We should be worried about the dirty air, so we take action to make laws and set up a reserve for the animals in the town. We make sure the number of birds does not fall, and we use knowledge to solve the problem of the warm air near home. The environment-friendly way keeps the small lake balanced and safe, and the environmental group cleans up the waste to protect the river. We return to the park each spring; nearly every lake can lead to a greener earth for the children to see. The daytime is short in winter, yet the small animals kill the bad insects near the pond and keep the garden clean. If we learn about the wetland, we can hear about a project to create a park and keep the topic of nature alive for all. 1. What do coral reefs and wetlands give to the fish in the sea? A. a safe cover B. a fast car C. a big cake D. a long book 2. What do green plants do with carbon dioxide from the air? A. eat it B. paint it C. sing it D. trap it from the air 3. What should we do to protect the animals in the town? A. sleep B. make laws and set up a reserve C. cook a meal D. swim in the sea 4. What does the underlined word "wetland" most probably mean? A. 汽车 B. 学校 C. 湿地 D. 蛋糕 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. how the natural world works and how we protect it B. how to cook a cake C. how to drive a car D. how to sing a song 第四部分：关联拓展与循环巩固 A. 词汇网络图（话题：The natural world） 类别 词汇 生态系统 气候与天气 生物与栖息地 作用与保护 问题与行动 其他 B. 易混词辨析（3组，每组2小题） 第1组：harm（n./v. 伤害）/ harmful（adj. 有害的） (1) The ________ smoke from the factory hurt the small fish in the cold river. (2) We should ________ the small bird and not let the cat catch it near the window. 第2组：include（v. 包括）/ including（prep. 包括） (1) The wetland ________ the pond and the fish we saw in the morning. (2) ________ the small bird, the park has quite a few living things to protect. 第3组：balance（n. 平衡）/ balanced（adj. 保持平衡的） (1) We should keep the ________ of nature and not hurt the small lake. (2) The small lake was ________ and safe for the fish after the long cold rain. C. 跨单元微循环（8题，复习 八上 Unit 6 Seasons 词汇） 1. A ________ (有雾的) morning turned the field white and the sun did not shine last winter. 2. The ________ (被雪覆盖的) hill looked bright when the children made a snowman near home. 3. The cold wind began to ________ (吹) and the fog covered the small town in the storm. 4. Warm ________ (阳光) made the garden bright and the flowers opened in the morning. 5. The ________ (温度) went up by a few degrees on average in the warm spring. 6. Farmers ________ (收割) the crop in the field after the summer heat left the town. 7. We built a ________ (雪人) and a snow sculpture by the quiet lake in the deep snow. 8. The ________ (结冰的) lake made it hard to get around, so take care upon the ice. 第五部分：单元完整词汇表（Unit 7 The natural world，共80词） 序号 单词 词性 中文释义 默写 1 coral n. 珊瑚 2 reef n. 礁 3 penguin n. 企鹅 4 ecosystem n. 生态系统 5 rainfall n. 降雨（量）；下雨 6 climate n. 气候 7 half of phr. ……的一半 8 coral reefs phr. 珊瑚礁 9 be home to phr. 是……的所在地／栖息地 10 polar bear phr. 北极熊 11 wetland n. 湿地 12 include vt. 包括 13 non-living adj. 非生物的 14 pond n. 池塘 15 around adv. 大约 16 hold vt. 容纳；拿着；举行 17 return vi. 返回，回去，回来 18 prevent vt. 防止，阻止 19 store vt. 贮存 20 sponge n. 海绵块 21 act vi. & vt. 起作用；行动；扮演 22 kidney n. 肾脏 23 nearly adv. 几乎，差不多，将近 24 carbon dioxide phr. 二氧化碳 25 trap vt. 吸收；使落入险境 26 harmful adj. 有害的 27 therefore adv. 因此 28 lung n. 肺 29 sadly adv. 不幸地；悲伤地 30 ton n. 吨 31 harm vt. & n. 伤害，损害 32 get rid of phr. 清除；摆脱 33 play a role (in doing sth.) phr. （在做某事中）起作用 34 keep the balance phr. 保持平衡 35 on earth phr. 在地球上；究竟 36 prevent sb./sth. (from doing sth.) phr. 阻止某人／某物（做某事） 37 be made up of phr. 由……组成 38 slow down phr. （使）慢下来 39 take action phr. 采取行动 40 system n. 系统；体系 41 cause vt. & n. 使发生，造成，导致；原因 42 damage vt. & n. 损害，毁坏；损坏，损失 43 hear about phr. 听说；得知 44 a group of phr. 一群；一组…… 45 pay attention to phr. 注意；关注…… 46 wildlife n. 野生动物 47 topic n. 话题 48 sandy adj. 铺满沙子的；含沙的 49 noisy adj. 充满噪声的；吵闹的 50 quite a few phr. 相当多，不少 51 feed on phr. （动物）以……为食 52 north-east n., adj. & adv. 东北；东北方的；向东北方 53 cover n. 躲避处；罩子 54 rare adj. 稀罕的，珍贵的 55 red-crowned crane phr. 丹顶鹤 56 stay n. 停留，逗留 57 daytime n. 白天 58 lead vi. 造成（后果）〔lead to 导致〕 59 mud n. 泥，淤泥，泥浆 60 create vt. 创建，创造 61 balanced adj. 保持平衡的 62 in the daytime phr. 在白天 63 lead to phr. 导致 64 set up phr. 建立；成立 65 make laws phr. 制定法律 66 the number of phr. ……的数量 67 make sure phr. 确保；务必 68 stop sb./sth. (from doing sth.) phr. 阻止某人／某物（做某事） 69 be worried about phr. 为……担心；担忧 70 keep ... free from phr. 使……免受……；使……免于…… 71 knowledge n. 知识 72 wastewater n. 废水 73 environment-friendly adj. 环保的，不损害环境的 74 sir n. 先生 75 madam n. 女士 76 kill vt. & vi. 杀死 77 solve vt. 解决；解答 78 environmental adj. 环境的 79 project n. 项目 80 clean up phr. 清理；打扫干净 第六部分：单元“顽固词库” 请把你反复记不住的单词及错因填写在下表中，便于循环巩固： 序号 单词 词性 错因 / 备注 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 $专题07 第七单元 语境串记单元记忆学案（译林版） （ 知识点来源： 八年级上册 Unit 7 The natural world ） 学校:_____________ 姓名：______________ 班级：__________ 座号：__________ 目录 第一部分：语境串记与词块积累 1 第二部分：词形转变表 2 第三部分：梯度复现与多题型练习 2 第四部分：关联拓展与循环巩固 8 第五部分：单元完整词汇表（Unit 7 The natural world，共80词） 10 第六部分：单元“顽固词库” 12 第一部分：语境串记与词块积累 A. 语境串记单词（英文原文） The natural world The natural world is a big ecosystem that is home to many living things on earth. Coral reefs and a small reef give fish a safe cover from the big waves in the sea. A group of penguins and a polar bear live in the cold north-east where the climate stays icy all year. Half of the small pond is a wetland that can hold a lot of water after the rainfall in summer. This small area is made up of living and non-living parts that act together every day to keep the balance of nature. We can hear about a project to create a park, and the topic of the plan is the quiet lake. Green plants store water and trap carbon dioxide from the air we breathe near the pond. The green leaves are like the lung of the small earth, and therefore they play a role and slow down the warming of the air. Sadly, harmful wastewater can cause damage to the lake, so we should get rid of the bad things and prevent the harm to the fish. Quite a few birds feed on the small fish, and the rare red-crowned crane can stay here in the daytime. The wildlife can include the pond and the fish, and we must pay attention to their safe life around us. We should be worried about the dirty air, so we take action to make laws and set up a reserve for the animals. We make sure the number of birds does not fall, and we use knowledge to solve the problem of the warm air. The environment-friendly way keeps the small lake balanced and safe, and the environmental group can clean up the waste to protect the river. We return to the park each spring; nearly every lake can lead to a greener earth. The daytime is short in winter, yet the small animals kill the bad insects near the pond. B. 语境串记单词（汉语译文） 自然界是一个大的生态系统(ecosystem)，是许多生物在地球上(on earth)的栖息地(be home to)。珊瑚礁(coral reefs)和一小片礁(reef)给鱼儿提供了躲避处(cover)，使它们免受大浪侵袭。一群(a group of)企鹅(penguin)和一只北极熊(polar bear)生活在寒冷的东北(north-east)，那里的气候(climate)终年冰冷。 一半(half of)的小池塘是一个湿地(wetland)，能在夏天降雨(rainfall)后容纳(hold)很多水。湿地由(be made up of)生物和非生物(non-living)部分组成，每天共同起作用(act)以保持自然的平衡(keep the balance)。我们听说(hear about)一个创建(create)公园的项目(project)，这个计划的话题(topic)是那片安静的湖。 绿色植物贮存(store)水，并吸收(trap)我们呼吸空气里的二氧化碳(carbon dioxide)。绿叶就像小地球的肺(lung)，因此(therefore)它们在减缓(slow down)空气变暖中起作用(play a role)。不幸的是(sadly)，有害的(harmful)废水(wastewater)会对湖泊造成(cause)损害(damage)，所以我们应该清除(get rid of)坏东西，并阻止(prevent)对鱼的伤害(harm)。 相当多(quite a few)的鸟以(feed on)小鱼为食，稀罕的(rare)丹顶鹤(red-crowned crane)在白天(in the daytime)留(stay)在这里。野生动物(wildlife)包括(include)池塘和鱼，我们必须注意(pay attention to)它们在我们周围(around)的安全生活。我们为(be worried about)污浊的空气担忧，于是采取行动(take action)制定法律(make laws)并建立(set up)一个动物保护区。 我们确保(make sure)鸟的数量(the number of)不减少，并用知识(knowledge)解决(solve)温暖空气的问题。环保的(environment-friendly)方式让小湖保持平衡(balanced)且安全，环保的(environmental)小组清理(clean up)废物以保护河流。我们每年春天回到(return)公园；几乎(nearly)每个湖导致(lead to)更绿的地球。白天(daytime)在冬天很短，但小动物杀死(kill)坏昆虫。 第二部分：词形转变表 序号 原词 词形变化 1 harm n./v. 伤害 harmful adj. 有害的；harmless adj. 无害的 2 include v. 包括 including prep. 包括；included adj. 包括在内的 3 create v. 创造 creative adj. 有创造力的；creation n. 创造 4 environment n. 环境 environmental adj. 环境的；environmentally adv. 环境地 5 balance n. 平衡 balanced adj. 保持平衡的；unbalanced adj. 失衡的 6 solve v. 解决 solution n. 解决方法；solver n. 解决者 7 cause v. 造成 caused adj. 由……造成的；because conj. 因为 8 clean v. 清理 cleaned adj. 清理过的；cleaner n. 清洁工 9 know v. 知道 knowledge n. 知识；knowledgeable adj. 知识渊博的 10 act v. 行动 action n. 行动；active adj. 积极的 11 rare adj. 稀罕的 rarely adv. 稀罕地；rarer adj. 更稀罕的 12 prevent v. 阻止 prevented adj. 被阻止的；prevention n. 阻止 13 store v. 贮存 stored adj. 贮存的；storage n. 贮存 14 trap v. 吸收 trapped adj. 被困的；trapper n. 捕手 15 kill v. 杀死 killed adj. 被杀的；killer n. 杀手 第三部分：梯度复现与多题型练习 题型1：英汉互译（20题） 乐思英语 ·语境串记单词 5/12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 子题A：英译中（12个） 1. ecosystem → __________ 2. wetland → __________ 3. wildlife → __________ 4. climate → __________ 5. coral reefs → __________ 6. penguin → __________ 7. rainfall → __________ 8. polar bear → __________ 9. harmful → __________ 10. wastewater → __________ 11. red-crowned crane → __________ 12. environment-friendly → __________ 子题B：中译英（8个） 1. 生态系统 → __________ 2. 湿地 → __________ 3. 野生动物 → __________ 4. 容纳 → __________ 5. 阻止 → __________ 6. 清除 → __________ 7. 保护 → __________ 8. 知识 → __________ 【答案与解析】 子题A（英译中）： 1. ecosystem — 生态系统 2. wetland — 湿地 3. wildlife — 野生动物 4. climate — 气候 5. coral reefs — 珊瑚礁 6. penguin — 企鹅 7. rainfall — 降雨（量） 8. polar bear — 北极熊 9. harmful — 有害的 10. wastewater — 废水 11. red-crowned crane — 丹顶鹤 12. environment-friendly — 环保的 子题B（中译英）： 1. ecosystem 2. wetland 3. wildlife 4. hold 5. prevent 6. get rid of 7. protect 8. knowledge 题型2：词形变换（8题） 1. The ________ (include) of the bird list grew longer after the spring rain in the quiet park. 答案：including 解析：句意： 鸟类名单的包括项在宁静公园春雨后变长了；include 的介词 including 表示“包括”（动词→介词）。 2. The small lake was ________ (balance) and safe for the fish near the green hill last year. 答案：balanced 解析：句意： 去年小湖在绿山附近对鱼保持平衡且安全；balance 的形容词 balanced 表示“保持平衡的”（名词→形容词）。 3. We read about the ________ (create) plan in the story book about the wetland after our class. 答案：creative 解析：句意： 课后我们在关于湿地的书里读到富有创造力的计划；create 的形容词 creative 表示“有创造力的”（动词→形容词）。 4. ________ (knowledge) about the little birds, the girl won the first prize for the park plan at school. 答案： Knowledgeable 解析：句意： 鉴于对鸟类的知识，那个女孩在学校赢得了公园计划的奖； knowledge的形容词knowledgeable 表示“知识渊博的”，空格位于句首，首字母须大写（名词→形容词）。 5. The teacher showed us a ________ (solve) to the big problem of the dirty waste in the river. 答案：solution 解析：句意： 老师给我们看了河流废物问题的解决方法；solve 的名词 solution 表示“解决方法”（动词→名词）。 6. The river ________ (cause) by the storm to overflow near the small town close to us last night. 答案： was caused 解析：句意： 昨晚小河在小镇附近因风暴而溢出； be caused 表示“由……造成的”。 7. With the ________ (environment) plan, the small group saved the lake from the bad waste near home. 答案：environmental 解析：句意： 凭借环保的计划，小组把湖从坏废物中救下；environment 的形容词 environmental 表示“环境的”（名词→形容词）。 8. The smoke from the fire was ________ (harm) to the small fish in the cold river near the green hill. 答案：harmful 解析：句意： 火产生的烟对冷水里的小鱼是有害的；harm 的形容词 harmful 表示“有害的”（名词/动词→形容词）。 题型3：短语填空（6题） be home to get rid of keep the balance pay attention to take action set up 1. The small wetland ________ many kinds of water‑living animals. 答案：is home to 解析：句意：这片小小的湿地是许多水生动物的栖息地。；be home to 表示 “是…… 的栖息地／所在地”。 2. We should ________ of nature between animals and plants. 答案：keep the balance 解析：句意：我们应当维持动植物之间的自然平衡。；keep the balance 表示 “保持平衡”。 3. While enjoying the beautiful spring view by the lake, we need to ________ the safety of ourselves. 答案：pay attention to 解析：句意：在湖边欣赏美丽春色的时候，我们需要注意自身安全。；pay attention to 表示 “注意”。 4. If pollution is harming our wetland, we must ________ to protect it right away. 答案：take action 解析：句意：如果污染正在危害我们的湿地，我们必须立刻采取行动保护它。；take action 表示 “采取行动”。 5. Local people ________ a wildlife protection group last year. 答案：set up 解析：句意：当地居民去年成立了一个野生动物保护小组。；set up 表示 “建立；成立”。 6. We can ________ harmful waste ________ the lake to protect our wetland. 答案：get rid of 解析：句意：我们可以清除湖里的有害废弃物，以此保护湿地。；get rid of 表示 “清除；摆脱”。 题型4：完成句子（5题） 1. 去年春天一场暴雨落下，小湿地在我们家附近的绿池塘边容纳了很多水。 Last spring a heavy ________ fell and the small pond________ a lot of water near our pond. 答案：rainfall; held 解析：句意： 去年春天一场暴雨落下，小湿地在我们家附近的绿池塘边容纳了很多水。；rainfall 对应“暴雨”；hold 对应“容纳”。 2. 明天我们将建立一个安静的保护区，并采取行动保护野生动物。 Tomorrow we will ________ a quiet reserve and ________ the wild animals near the small blue lake. 答案：set up; protect 解析：句意： 明天我们将建立一个安静的保护区，并采取行动保护野生动物。；set up 对应“建立”；protect 对应“保护”。 3. 不幸的是，坏污染伤害了蓝湖，小鱼在近岸死去了。 Sadly the bad ________ harmed the blue lake and the small ________ fish died near the shore. 答案：pollution; fish 解析：句意： 不幸的是，坏污染伤害了蓝湖，小鱼在近岸死去了。；pollution 对应“污染”；fish 对应“鱼”。 4. 珊瑚礁是很多小鱼的栖息地，平静的生态系统保持着平衡。 ________ are home to many small fish and the calm ________ keeps the balance of the lake. 答案：Coral reefs; ecosystem 解析：句意： 珊瑚礁是很多小鱼的栖息地，平静的生态系统保持着平衡。；coral reefs 对应“珊瑚礁”；ecosystem 对应“生态系统”。 5. 我们听说了那个绿色项目，并制定公平的法律保护安静的湿地。 We ________ the green project and ________ fair laws to protect the quiet wetland near the town. 答案：heard about; make laws 解析：句意： 我们听说了那个绿色项目，并制定公平的法律保护安静的湿地。；heard about 对应“听说”；make laws 对应“制定法律”。 题型5：句型同义转换（5题） 1. The rare red-crowned crane flew ________ last spring and the small fish stayed safe in the cold pond. The rare red-crowned crane flew rarely and the small fish stayed safe in the cold pond. 答案： rarely 解析：句意： 去年春天稀罕的丹顶鹤稀有地飞着，小鱼在冷池塘边安全；；rare 与 rarely 同义，rarely 是 rare 的副词，修饰动词 flew（形容词→副词）；【转换类型：形容词→副词】 2. The cold storm ________ many tall green trees yesterday and the small wetland lost its safe cover. Many tall green trees were killed by the cold storm and the small wetland lost its safe cover. 答案： killed 解析：句意： 昨天寒风暴风雨杀死许多高绿树，小湿地失去了安全的躲避处；；主动句变被动句，谓语用 were killed 表示“被杀死”，保留 be done 完整结构（一般过去时被动）；【转换类型：主动→被动】 3. The red-crowned crane is ________ than before in the cold north-east of our big country. The red-crowned crane is rarer than before in the cold north-east of our big country. 答案： rarer 解析：句意： 丹顶鹤在我们大国寒冷的东北比从前更稀罕；；rare 的比较级 rarer 表示“更稀罕的”（规则形容词加 r）；【转换类型：比较级】 4. We should ________ to save the wetland and the small pond from the bad waste near us. We should take action to save the wetland and the small pond from the bad waste near us. 答案： action 解析：句意： 我们应采取行动拯救湿地和小池塘，免受附近坏废物危害；；act 与 action 同义，action 是 act 的名词，作宾语（动词→名词）；【转换类型：动词→名词】 5. The factory ________ the small river with waste last week and the wildlife died near the quiet town. The small river was harmed by the factory with waste and the wildlife died near the quiet town. 答案： harmed 解析：句意： 上周工厂用废物伤害小河，野生动物在安静小镇附近死去；；主动句变被动句，谓语用 was harmed 表示“被伤害”，保留 be done 完整结构（一般过去时被动）；【转换类型：主动→被动】 题型6：单句语法填空（8题） 1. A strong storm ________ (prevent) the small boat from leaving the safe port near the small town. 答案：prevented 解析：句意： 一场强风暴阻止小船离开小镇附近安全的港口。；prevent 的过去式 prevented 表示“阻止”（一般过去时）。 2. The green plant ________ (store) clean water in its green leaves during the warm spring every day. 答案：stores 解析：句意： 绿植每天在温暖春天把干净水贮存在叶子里。；store 的单三式 stores（一般现在时）。 3. The big net ________ (trap) the small fish and the bird watched it from the tree near home. 答案：trapped 解析：句意： 大网困住小鱼，鸟从家附近树上望着它。；trap 的过去式 trapped 表示“吸收；困住”（一般过去时）。 4. The small boy ________ (return) to the park and saw the red-crowned crane in the morning. 答案：returned 解析：句意： 小男孩回到公园，早晨看见了丹顶鹤。；return 的过去式 returned 表示“返回”（一般过去时）。 5. The bad hunter ________ (kill) the small deer and the other animals ran away in the forest. 答案：killed 解析：句意： 坏猎人杀死小鹿，其他动物在森林里跑开。；kill 的过去式 killed 表示“杀死”（一般过去时）。 6. We should take ________ (act) now to save the lake and the small fish from the dirty waste. 答案：action 解析：句意： 我们现在应行动起来，把湖和小鱼从脏废物中救出。；act 的名词 action 表示“行动”，作 take 的宾语（动词→名词）。 7. In the cold north-east the red-crowned crane is ________ (rare) and needs our quiet help to live. 答案：rarer 解析：句意： 丹顶鹤在寒冷东北更稀罕，需要我们的帮助生存。；rare 的比较级 rarer 表示“更稀罕的”（规则形容词加 r）。 8. The strong storm ________ (cause) the small river to overflow near the quiet town last night after the rain. 答案：caused 解析：句意： 昨晚风暴让小河在小镇附近溢出。；cause 的过去式 caused（一般过去时）。 题型7：阅读理解（词汇复现） The natural world is a big ecosystem that is home to many living things on earth. Coral reefs and a small reef give fish a safe cover from the big waves in the sea near the island. A group of penguin birds and a polar bear live in the cold north-east where the climate stays icy all year. Half of the small pond is a wetland that can hold a lot of water after the rainfall in summer. The wetland is made up of living and non-living parts that act together every day to keep the balance of nature. Green plants store water and trap carbon dioxide from the air we breathe near the pond each morning. The green leaves are like the lung of the small earth, and therefore they play a role and slow down the warming of the air. Sadly, harmful wastewater can cause damage to the lake, so we should get rid of the bad things and prevent the harm to the fish. Quite a few birds feed on the small fish, and the rare red-crowned crane can stay here in the daytime near the lake. The wildlife can include the pond and the fish, and we must pay attention to their safe life around us every day. We should be worried about the dirty air, so we take action to make laws and set up a reserve for the animals in the town. We make sure the number of birds does not fall, and we use knowledge to solve the problem of the warm air near home. The environment-friendly way keeps the small lake balanced and safe, and the environmental group cleans up the waste to protect the river. We return to the park each spring; nearly every lake can lead to a greener earth for the children to see. The daytime is short in winter, yet the small animals kill the bad insects near the pond and keep the garden clean. If we learn about the wetland, we can hear about a project to create a park and keep the topic of nature alive for all. 1. What do coral reefs and wetlands give to the fish in the sea? A. a safe cover B. a fast car C. a big cake D. a long book 2. What do green plants do with carbon dioxide from the air? A. eat it B. paint it C. sing it D. trap it from the air 3. What should we do to protect the animals in the town? A. sleep B. make laws and set up a reserve C. cook a meal D. swim in the sea 4. What does the underlined word "wetland" most probably mean? A. 汽车 B. 学校 C. 湿地 D. 蛋糕 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. how the natural world works and how we protect it B. how to cook a cake C. how to drive a car D. how to sing a song 【答案与解析】 1. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。答案 A。原文第一段写道：“Coral reefs and a small reef give fish a safe cover”，可知珊瑚礁给鱼提供了安全的躲避处，对应 A 项。 2. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。答案 D。原文第二段写道：“Green plants store water and trap carbon dioxide from the air”，可知绿植从空气中吸收二氧化碳，对应 D 项。 3. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。答案 B。原文第三段写道：“we take action to make laws and set up a reserve for the animals”，可知我们制定法律并建立保护区来保护动物，对应 B 项。 4. 答案：C 解析：词义猜测题。答案 C。原文第一段写道：“Half of the small pond is a wetland”，结合后文蓄水、生物组成等描述，可推知 wetland 意为“湿地”，对应 C 项。 5. 答案：A 解析：主旨大意题。答案 A。全文按自然世界运转（生态系统、湿地作用、野生动物）与我们保护行动（制定法律、清理废物）的时间线展开，展现“自然世界如何运转及我们如何保护它”，对应 A 项。 第四部分：关联拓展与循环巩固 A. 词汇网络图（话题：The natural world） 类别 词汇 生态系统 气候与天气 生物与栖息地 作用与保护 问题与行动 其他 答案： 同义词 / 近义 ⇥ harmful – bad；sadly – unluckily；rare – scarce；quiet – silent；near – around；cause – lead to；store – keep；clean up – clear；kill – end；include – contain 生态系统 ⇥ ecosystem, wetland, coral reefs, reef, pond, climate, rainfall, on earth 气候与天气 ⇥ carbon dioxide, lung, non-living, act, play a role, slow down, therefore 生物与栖息地 ⇥ penguin, polar bear, wildlife, red-crowned crane, north-east, cover, be home to, feed on 作用与保护 ⇥ store, trap, keep the balance, get rid of, prevent, harm, damage, cause 问题与行动 ⇥ be worried about, take action, make laws, set up, make sure, the number of, solve, knowledge, hear about, project, create, topic, environment-friendly, environmental, balanced, clean up, return, nearly, lead to, wastewater, quite a few, stay, in the daytime, daytime, around, include, pay attention to, half of, hold 其他 ⇥ a group of, kill B. 易混词辨析（3组，每组2小题） 第1组：harm（n./v. 伤害）/ harmful（adj. 有害的） (1) The ________ smoke from the factory hurt the small fish in the cold river. (2) We should ________ the small bird and not let the cat catch it near the window. 答案：(1) harmful 解析：(1) 句意：工厂有害的烟伤害了冷水里的小鱼；harmful 作形容词，表示“有害的”。 答案：(2) harm 解析：(2) 句意：我们应该不伤害小鸟，别让猫在窗边抓住它；harm 作动词，表示“伤害”。 第2组：include（v. 包括）/ including（prep. 包括） (1) The wetland ________ the pond and the fish we saw in the morning. (2) ________ the small bird, the park has quite a few living things to protect. 答案：(1) includes 解析：(1) 句意：湿地包括我们早晨看见的池塘和鱼；include 作动词，表示“包括”。 答案：(2) Including 解析：(2) 句意：包括小鸟在内，公园有相当多要保护的生物；including 作介词，表示“包括”。 第3组：balance（n. 平衡）/ balanced（adj. 保持平衡的） (1) We should keep the ________ of nature and not hurt the small lake. (2) The small lake was ________ and safe for the fish after the long cold rain. 答案：(1) balance 解析：(1) 句意：我们应保持自然的平衡，不伤害小湖；balance 作名词，表示“平衡”。 答案：(2) balanced 解析：(2) 句意：长冷雨后小湖对鱼保持平衡且安全；balanced 作形容词，表示“保持平衡的”。 C. 跨单元微循环（8题，复习 八上 Unit 6 Seasons 词汇） 1. A ________ (有雾的) morning turned the field white and the sun did not shine last winter. 答案： foggy 解析：句意： 有雾的早晨把田野变白，去年冬天太阳没有照耀；foggy 意为“有雾的”。 2. The ________ (被雪覆盖的) hill looked bright when the children made a snowman near home. 答案： snowy 解析：句意： 被雪覆盖的小山在孩子们家附近堆雪人时看起来明亮；snowy 意为“下雪的；被雪覆盖的”。 3. The cold wind began to ________ (吹) and the fog covered the small town in the storm. 答案： blow 解析：句意： 寒风开始吹，雾在风暴里笼罩小镇；blow 意为“吹”。 4. Warm ________ (阳光) made the garden bright and the flowers opened in the morning. 答案： sunshine 解析：句意： 温暖阳光让花园明亮、花朵早晨开放；sunshine 意为“阳光”。 5. The ________ (温度) went up by a few degrees on average in the warm spring. 答案： temperature 解析：句意： 温暖春天温度平均上升几度；temperature 意为“温度”。 6. Farmers ________ (收割) the crop in the field after the summer heat left the town. 答案： harvest 解析：句意： 夏热离开后农民在田野收割庄稼；harvest 意为“收割”。 7. We built a ________ (雪人) and a snow sculpture by the quiet lake in the deep snow. 答案： snowman 解析：句意： 我们在深雪里安静湖边堆了雪人和雪雕；snowman 意为“雪人”。 8. The ________ (结冰的) lake made it hard to get around, so take care upon the ice. 答案： frozen 解析：句意： 结冰的湖让人难以走动，所以在冰上要保重；frozen 意为“结冰的”。 第五部分：单元完整词汇表（Unit 7 The natural world，共80词） 序号 单词 词性 中文释义 默写 1 coral n. 珊瑚 2 reef n. 礁 3 penguin n. 企鹅 4 ecosystem n. 生态系统 5 rainfall n. 降雨（量）；下雨 6 climate n. 气候 7 half of phr. ……的一半 8 coral reefs phr. 珊瑚礁 9 be home to phr. 是……的所在地／栖息地 10 polar bear phr. 北极熊 11 wetland n. 湿地 12 include vt. 包括 13 non-living adj. 非生物的 14 pond n. 池塘 15 around adv. 大约 16 hold vt. 容纳；拿着；举行 17 return vi. 返回，回去，回来 18 prevent vt. 防止，阻止 19 store vt. 贮存 20 sponge n. 海绵块 21 act vi. & vt. 起作用；行动；扮演 22 kidney n. 肾脏 23 nearly adv. 几乎，差不多，将近 24 carbon dioxide phr. 二氧化碳 25 trap vt. 吸收；使落入险境 26 harmful adj. 有害的 27 therefore adv. 因此 28 lung n. 肺 29 sadly adv. 不幸地；悲伤地 30 ton n. 吨 31 harm vt. & n. 伤害，损害 32 get rid of phr. 清除；摆脱 33 play a role (in doing sth.) phr. （在做某事中）起作用 34 keep the balance phr. 保持平衡 35 on earth phr. 在地球上；究竟 36 prevent sb./sth. (from doing sth.) phr. 阻止某人／某物（做某事） 37 be made up of phr. 由……组成 38 slow down phr. （使）慢下来 39 take action phr. 采取行动 40 system n. 系统；体系 41 cause vt. & n. 使发生，造成，导致；原因 42 damage vt. & n. 损害，毁坏；损坏，损失 43 hear about phr. 听说；得知 44 a group of phr. 一群；一组…… 45 pay attention to phr. 注意；关注…… 46 wildlife n. 野生动物 47 topic n. 话题 48 sandy adj. 铺满沙子的；含沙的 49 noisy adj. 充满噪声的；吵闹的 50 quite a few phr. 相当多，不少 51 feed on phr. （动物）以……为食 52 north-east n., adj. & adv. 东北；东北方的；向东北方 53 cover n. 躲避处；罩子 54 rare adj. 稀罕的，珍贵的 55 red-crowned crane phr. 丹顶鹤 56 stay n. 停留，逗留 57 daytime n. 白天 58 lead vi. 造成（后果）〔lead to 导致〕 59 mud n. 泥，淤泥，泥浆 60 create vt. 创建，创造 61 balanced adj. 保持平衡的 62 in the daytime phr. 在白天 63 lead to phr. 导致 64 set up phr. 建立；成立 65 make laws phr. 制定法律 66 the number of phr. ……的数量 67 make sure phr. 确保；务必 68 stop sb./sth. (from doing sth.) phr. 阻止某人／某物（做某事） 69 be worried about phr. 为……担心；担忧 70 keep ... free from phr. 使……免受……；使……免于…… 71 knowledge n. 知识 72 wastewater n. 废水 73 environment-friendly adj. 环保的，不损害环境的 74 sir n. 先生 75 madam n. 女士 76 kill vt. & vi. 杀死 77 solve vt. 解决；解答 78 environmental adj. 环境的 79 project n. 项目 80 clean up phr. 清理；打扫干净 第六部分：单元“顽固词库” 请把你反复记不住的单词及错因填写在下表中，便于循环巩固： 序号 单词 词性 错因 / 备注 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 $