Unit 7 Welcome to the unit & Reading（导学案）英语新教材译林版八年级上册

该初中英语导学案围绕“Unit 7 The natural world”展开，聚焦生态系统核心词汇、四大及三大生态系统特征功能、明喻修辞及说明文结构。通过词汇预习（英汉互译）、Welcome to the unit填空、初读判断、再读填表等学习支架，引导学生逐步构建知识脉络。 资料含核心重难点思维导图，设计多样化习题（单词适当形式填空、完成句子、短文填空等），提升语言能力。通过对比梳理生态系统特点培养思维品质，渗透环保意识强化文化意识，助力学生自主学习与学科素养发展。

Unit 7 The natural world Welcome to the unit & Reading导学案 1.掌握本课时核心词汇与短语：ecosystem, rainforest, coral reef, grassland, polar ice, surface, oxygen, pollution, flood, carbon dioxide, balance, be home to, get rid of, take in, play an important role等；了解地球上四大生态系统（雨林、珊瑚礁、草原、极地冰原）及三大核心生态系统（海洋、湿地、森林）的基本特征与功能；掌握明喻修辞用法（like/as），读懂介绍生态系统的说明文，理清文章段落结构与核心信息。（学习理解） 2.能听懂、读懂关于生态系统的趣味知识与科普文章，快速提取关键信息，完成信息匹配、选择题等题型；能运用核心词汇和句型，简单谈论不同生态系统的特点、功能及重要性；具备基础的科普文本阅读能力，学会梳理说明文主旨、细节信息与逻辑关系。（应用实践） 3.了解自然生态系统的重要价值，认识生态保护的意义，树立爱护自然、保护生态、人与自然和谐共生的环保意识，主动践行生态保护行为。（迁移创新） 重点：1.识记并运用本课时核心词汇、短语，熟练掌握三大生态系统的核心功能与美誉。 2.读懂Reading板块说明文，精准获取海洋、湿地、森林的特征、作用等细节信息。 难点：1.区分不同生态系统的特点与功能，理清文本逻辑，归纳文章主旨。 2.理解明喻修辞在科普文中的作用，学会运用重点短语和句型描述生态系统。 Task 1 词汇预习：英汉互译，熟读单词短语 1. 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2. ecosystem ____________ 3. rainforest ____________ 4. coral reef ____________ 5. grassland ____________ 6. polar ice ____________ 7. desert ____________ 8. cover ____________ 9. surface ____________ 10. oxygen ____________ 11. carbon dioxide ____________ 12. prevent floods ____________ 13. keep the balance ____________ 14. get rid of pollution ____________ 15. giant sponges ____________ 16. trap harmful things ____________ 17. 地球的心脏 ________________ 18. 地球的肾脏 ________________ 19. 地球的肺脏 ________________ 20. 昼夜温差大 ________________ 21. 容纳大量盐水 _______________ Task 2 预习Welcome to the unit，完成填空 1. Rainforests are home to over __________ of all the types of animals and plants on earth. 2. __________ look like rocks but support lots of life in small areas. 3. Grasslands often lie between __________ and __________. 4. Polar ice is home to __________ and __________. Task 3 初读Reading文章，完成基础判断（T/F） 1. An ecosystem only includes living things in an area. ( ) 2. The ocean covers about 71% of the earth’s surface. ( ) 3. Wetlands cover a large part of the earth’s land area. ( ) 4. Forests can help clean the air on the earth. ( ) Task 4 再读Reading文章，完成对比梳理填表 Ecosystem Area Main functions Nickname（美誉） Ocean __________ of earth’s surface Produce oxygen; store heat; take in carbon dioxide __________ Wetland __________ of earth’s land area __________ pollution; __________ floods __________ Forest __________ of earth’s land area Take in carbon dioxide; __________ oxygen; clean air __________ Task 5 句子翻译 1. 这片湿地是许多珍稀鸟类的家园。(be home to) ________________________________________________________________ 2. 森林可以吸收二氧化碳并净化空气。(take in) ________________________________________________________________ 3. 湿地在预防洪水方面发挥着重要作用。(play an important role) ________________________________________________________________ 知识点1：To treat the earth kindly is to treat oneself kindly. (P92) 【用法讲解】 1. 本句为不定式作主语结构，To do sth. is to do sth. 意为“做某事就是做某事”，前后结构对称。 2. treat v. 核心三层含义：①对待 treat sb. kindly/badly 善待/亏待某人；②治疗 treat an illness 治疗疾病；③款待 treat sb. to sth. 请某人吃某物。 3. kindly adv. 友善地、和蔼地，由形容词kind+后缀-ly构成，修饰动词。 知识点2：Rainforests are home to over half of all the types of animals and plants on earth. (P92) 【用法讲解】 1. be home to... 固定短语，意为“是……的栖息地/家园”，主语多为地域、生态区域。 2. over prep. 超过、多于，相当于more than，后接数量词。 3. on earth 固定搭配，意为“在地球上；究竟”，本句中取“在地球上”含义。 知识点3：Grasslands often lie between deserts and forests. (P92) 【用法讲解】 1. lie v. 位于；躺，过去式lay，过去分词lain，现在分词lying。本句中lie表示“（地理位置）坐落、位于”。 2. between...and... 固定搭配，意为“在……和……之间”，用于两者之间。 3. grassland n. 草原，为可数名词，复数形式grasslands，常泛指草原生态区域。 知识点4：The difference in temperature between day and night is huge. (P93) 【用法讲解】 1. difference n. 差异、差别，固定搭配the difference in... 表示“在……方面的差异”。 2. temperature n. 温度，不可数名词，常用搭配high/low temperature 高/低温。 3. huge adj. 巨大的，修饰抽象名词（差异、变化）或具体事物，相当于very big。 知识点5：The climate in deserts is so awful that only a few animals and plants can live there. (P93) 【用法讲解】 1. so...that... 结果状语从句句型，意为“如此……以至于……”，so后接形容词/副词，that后接完整句子。 2. climate n. 气候，指某一地区长期的天气状况，区别于weather（短期天气）。 3. awful adj. 糟糕的、恶劣的，可修饰气候、环境、心情等。 知识点6：An ecosystem includes all the living and non-living things in an area. (P94) 【用法讲解】 1. include vt. 包括、包含，侧重整体包含部分，常用主动语态。 2. living adj. 活着的、有生命的；non-living adj. 非生物的，前缀non-表示“不、非”，构成反义词。 3. ecosystem n. 生态系统，本单元核心名词，为可数名词。 知识点7：It covers around 71% of the earth’s surface and produces about 70% of the earth’s oxygen. (P94) 【用法讲解】 1. cover vt. 覆盖、占据（面积）；n. 躲避处、封面，一词多义核心词汇。 2. surface n. 表面，固定搭配the earth’s surface 地球表面。 3. produce vt. 生产、产出，本句中指海洋产出氧气，区别于make（普通制作）。 4. oxygen n. 氧气，不可数名词。 知识点8：This goes on and on, so the ocean is just like the “heart” of the earth. (P94) 【用法讲解】 1. go on and on 固定短语，意为“循环往复、持续不断”。 2. be like 像……一样，like此处为介词，后接名词，区别于like作动词“喜欢”。 3. 本句运用明喻修辞，用like连接本体和喻体，是英语常用写作手法。 知识点9：Wetlands help get rid of pollution and make the water clean. (P95) 【用法讲解】 1. get rid of 固定短语，意为“清除、摆脱”，后接垃圾、污染、不良事物等。 2. wetland n. 湿地，可数名词，复数wetlands，核心生态类词汇。 3. pollution n. 污染，不可数名词；pollute v. 污染，为其动词形式。 知识点10：Wetlands can also help prevent floods. (P95) 【用法讲解】 1. prevent vt. 防止、阻止，常用搭配prevent sth. 预防某事。 2. flood n. 洪水、水灾，可数名词，常用复数floods表示泛指洪涝灾害。 3. help (to) do sth. 帮助做某事，不定式to可省略。 知识点11：During heavy rains, wetlands store water like giant sponges. (P95) 【用法讲解】 1. store vt. 储存、贮存，本句中指湿地蓄水；n. 商店、储备。 2. giant adj. 巨大的，修饰事物，语气强于big/huge。 3. sponge n. 海绵，本句为比喻用法，生动体现湿地蓄水功能。 知识点12：They act like the “kidneys” of the earth. (P95) 【用法讲解】 1. act vi. 起作用、行动，act like... 意为“起到……的作用、表现得像……”。 2. kidney n. 肾脏，本句为比喻义，凸显湿地净化水质的核心功能。 知识点13：Plants there take in carbon dioxide from the air and produce oxygen. (P95) 【用法讲解】 1. take in 固定短语，意为“吸收；摄入”，可修饰气体、水分、信息等。 2. carbon dioxide 二氧化碳，固定化学名词，不可数。 知识点14：They also trap harmful things in their leaves and help clean the air. (P95) 【用法讲解】 1. trap vt. 吸收、困住，本句中指树叶吸附空气中的有害物质。 2. harmful adj. 有害的，固定搭配be harmful to... 对……有害；反义词harmless 无害的。 知识点15：Therefore, people often call forests the “lungs” of the earth. (P95) 【用法讲解】 1. therefore adv. 因此、所以，表因果关系，多用于书面语，可置于句首、句中。 2. lung n. 肺，本句比喻森林净化空气、供给氧气的生态功能。 3. call sb./sth. + 名词 称呼某人/某物为……，为固定宾补结构。 知识点16：It plays an important role in slowing down climate change. (P97) 【用法讲解】 1. play an important role in... 在……中发挥重要作用，in后接名词/动名词。 2. slow down 固定短语，意为“减缓、使变慢”，本句中指减缓气候变化速度。 3. climate change 气候变化，固定生态术语。 知识点17：It’s very difficult to get rid of plastic in the ocean. (P97) 【用法讲解】 1. It is + adj. + to do sth. 形式主语句型，it为形式主语，真正主语为后面的不定式。 2. plastic n. 塑料，不可数名词；adj. 塑料的，本单元核心环保词汇。 知识点18：If we don’t, the plastic will harm the balance of the ocean ecosystem. (P97) 【用法讲解】 1. harm vt. 伤害、损害，可指损害事物、环境、健康等，近义词damage。 2. balance n. 平衡，固定搭配keep the balance of... 保持……的平衡。 3. if引导条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1．Coral reefs look like rocks, but they support a lot of ________ (live) in just a small area. 2．If you are not feeling at your best, you can try out some clothes of ________ (difference) colours. 3．We hope more people will understand the ________ (important) of the wetlands soon. 4．People used tree ________ (leaf) to make paper in ancient China. 5．My friend lives in the hottest and ________ (dry) place in Africa. 6．The little boy is ________ (frighten) of thunder and lightning. 7．We ________ (hold) a great party to celebrate my mother's 40th birthday yesterday. 8．Forests can ________ (take) in carbon dioxide and produce oxygen. 9．Trees are good for our health because they take in ________ (harm) gases in the air. 10．Mum seldom _______ (include) my favourite snacks in her shopping list. She says they are unhealthy. 11．Have they made up their minds _________ (prevent) such bad behaviour? 12．They were _________(trap) in the burning hotel. 13．________ (sad), many wild animals lost their lives because of people. 14．The book describes the daily lives of living beings in different ________ (ecosystem). 15．They are ________ (penguin). They’re friendly to us. 二、根据汉语提示填空 16．The ________ (暴风雨) in summer usually come suddenly and pass quickly. 17．It’s a ________ (晴朗的) day today. Let’s go for a picnic in the park. 18．We should take some warm clothes with us because the temperature will ________ (下降) tonight. 19．After the rain, a ________ (彩虹) appeared in the sky. 20．The wind is blowing ________ (猛烈地) than before, so we’d better stay indoors. 21．The ________ (气候) is changing, and it affects animals and plants. 22．An ________ (糟糕的) storm called Bebinca hit Wuxi last summer. 23．Our science class visited the local ________ (池塘) to study frogs and learn about their life cycle. 24．The air becomes much ________ (潮湿的) before the rain. 25．The whole city is ________ (覆盖) in thick snow after the blizzard. 26．It’s important to stay ________ (镇静的) when an earthquake happens. 27．The ground began to ________ (摇晃) and people ran out of the building quickly. 28．When spring comes, the flowers are ________ (环绕) us. 29．Who would like to show the new students _______ (到处)? 30．The bridge weighs about 10，000__________(吨)． 三、单项选择 31．Some chemicals are very dangerous. We must ________ them in special containers and label them clearly. A．store B．clean C．sell D．mix 32．We found our Chinese teacher very interesting. Its structure is ________ . A．S+V+P B．S+V+DO+OC C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO 33．Tony forgot to set his alarm clock last night. ________, he was late for the morning class today. A．Therefore B．Although C．Unless D．Moreover 34．After the earthquake, people tried their best to ________ the people trapped under the buildings. A．wake up B．look for C．take away D．put up 35．Don’t be afraid of failure, Amy. Stand up and ________ sadness to have a new beginning. A．get on with B．get rid of C．get together D．get around 36．I need to use the book too. You’d better ________ it to me in two days. A．create B．cause C．include D．return 37．When we borrow books, it’s good for us to _________ them to the library on time. A．remember B．return C．respect D．reach 38．The earth is our only home. We shouldn’t do anything bad to ________ her! A．harm B．hide C．prevent D．provide 39．—I want to learn to skate but find it difficult to ________. —Don’t worry. Practice makes perfect. All that you need is more practice. A．fall over B．keep my balance C．fall behind D．keep healthy 40．—Why do you like living in the countryside? —Because I can ________ fresh air. Moreover, it is quiet there. A．take in B．take out C．take up D．take away 41．The number of the social workers in our city ________ 2,000. And sixty percent of them ________ doctors and students. A．is; is B．is; are C．are; is D．are; are 42．—________ of the students in our class have passed the exam. —Oh, that means 20% of them should work harder. A．One fifth B．Four five C．Four fifths D．One five 43．All the ________ things on the Earth need water to keep ________. A．living; alive B．living; living C．lively; alive D．alive; living 44．—Is it always so cold in winter here? —No, the lowest temperature generally stays ________ -18℃ every winter. This year is a special case. A．around B．without C．against D．off 45．The camel is sometimes called “the ship of the desert”. It _________ fat in its hump (驼峰) and can go for days without water. A．stores B．saves C．spends D．supports 四、完成句子 46．沙漠中的植物帮助清除污染。 Plants in ________ help ________ ________ ________ ________. 47．如果你春天去乡下，会看到到处都有大量的花儿在盛开。 If you visit the countryside in spring, you’ll see ________ ________ flowers blooming everywhere. 48．树木吸收二氧化碳并产生氧气。 Trees ________ ________ carbon dioxide and produce oxygen. 49．它 (海洋) 在减缓气候变化方面发挥着重要作用。 It __________ __________ __________ __________ in slowing down climate change. 50．湿地仅占地球陆地面积的6%左右。 Wetlands only __________ __________ 6% of the Earth’s land area. 51．规律运动和均衡饮食能帮助摆脱疲劳，让身体保持活力。 Regular exercise and a balanced diet can help _______ _______ _______ tiredness and keep your body energetic. 52．喝一杯温水能减缓消化速度，避免胃部不适。 Drinking a cup of warm water can _______ _______ the speed of digestion and avoid stomach discomfort. 53．在公园乱扔垃圾不仅看起来脏乱，还会对那里小动物的生存环境有害。 Littering in the park not only looks messy but also _______ _______ _______ the living environment of small animals there. 54．系安全带能在发生车祸时阻止司机和乘客受伤。 Wearing a seatbelt can _______ drivers and passengers _______ _______ _______ in case of a car accident. 55．艺术展上展出了不同大小的画作，这让展区看起来更有活力、更有趣。 The art exhibition features paintings ________ ________ ________ , which makes the display space look more dynamic and interesting. 56．亚马逊雨林是成千上万种独特动植物的家园，这些物种在其他地方都找不到。 The Amazon Rainforest ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ unique plants and animals that can’t be found anywhere else. 57．孩子们通常从和朋友玩游戏中得到很多快乐。 Children usually ________ a lot of happiness ________ ________ ________ with their friends. 58．我们应该为子孙后代保护地球上的环境。 We should protect the environment ________ ________ for future generations. 59．这部电影如此有趣，以至于我一周内看了两遍。 The movie was ________ ________ ________ I watched it twice in a week. 60．很难在红裙子和蓝裙子之间做决定——你穿这两件都很漂亮。 It’s hard to decide ________ the red dress ________ the blue one—they both look beautiful on you. 五、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Coral reefs (珊瑚礁) are often called the “rainforests of the sea.” They cover less than 1% of the ocean floor but are home to about 25% of all marine species. Corals are actually tiny animals called polyps (珊瑚虫). They live in colonies and build hard skeletons (骨骼) that form reefs. Coral reefs are very 61 (color) because of the algae (藻类) living inside them. These algae provide corals with food and oxygen. However, when the ocean gets too warm, corals expel (排出) the algae, turning white—this is called coral bleaching (白化). Bleached corals can die if conditions don’t improve. Reefs protect coastlines from storms and erosion. They also provide food and jobs for millions of people. 62 (fortunate), coral reefs are in danger. Climate change, pollution, and overfishing are destroying them. Scientists estimate that half of the world’s coral reefs have already 63 (appear) in the last 30 years. We can help protect coral reefs. Reducing carbon emissions (排放) slows ocean warming. Avoiding products with coral or buying sustainable seafood helps. Supporting marine protected areas allows reefs to recover. 64 (science) are also working on “coral gardening”—growing corals in nurseries and transplanting (移植) them to damaged reefs. Coral reefs are amazing ecosystems. They show us how delicate (脆弱的) and interconnected (相互关联的) nature is. If we don’t act now, future generations might only see coral reefs in 65 (picture). Let’s work together to save these underwater wonders. Every effort 66 (count)! Remember, healthy oceans mean a healthy planet. We must do our part 67 (protect) these vital habitats. 68 (visit) aquariums and learning about marine life can also inspire us to care. Coral reefs are not just beautiful; they are essential for life on Earth. Let’s not 69 (forget) their importance. Together, we can make a 70 (different) for our blue planet. 1．本节课核心知识（结合课堂知识总结）：_________________________________________________ 2．今日错题 / 不懂的内容：_______________________________________________________________ 3．出错 / 听不懂的原因：□概念不会 □审题马虎 □思路没掌握 □其他________________________ 4．我的改进小计划： _________________________________________________________________________________________ $Unit 7 The natural world Welcome to the unit & Reading导学案 1.掌握本课时核心词汇与短语：ecosystem, rainforest, coral reef, grassland, polar ice, surface, oxygen, pollution, flood, carbon dioxide, balance, be home to, get rid of, take in, play an important role等；了解地球上四大生态系统（雨林、珊瑚礁、草原、极地冰原）及三大核心生态系统（海洋、湿地、森林）的基本特征与功能；掌握明喻修辞用法（like/as），读懂介绍生态系统的说明文，理清文章段落结构与核心信息。（学习理解） 2.能听懂、读懂关于生态系统的趣味知识与科普文章，快速提取关键信息，完成信息匹配、选择题等题型；能运用核心词汇和句型，简单谈论不同生态系统的特点、功能及重要性；具备基础的科普文本阅读能力，学会梳理说明文主旨、细节信息与逻辑关系。（应用实践） 3.了解自然生态系统的重要价值，认识生态保护的意义，树立爱护自然、保护生态、人与自然和谐共生的环保意识，主动践行生态保护行为。（迁移创新） 重点：1.识记并运用本课时核心词汇、短语，熟练掌握三大生态系统的核心功能与美誉。 2.读懂Reading板块说明文，精准获取海洋、湿地、森林的特征、作用等细节信息。 难点：1.区分不同生态系统的特点与功能，理清文本逻辑，归纳文章主旨。 2.理解明喻修辞在科普文中的作用，学会运用重点短语和句型描述生态系统。 Task 1 词汇预习：英汉互译，熟读单词短语 1. 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2. ecosystem ____________ 3. rainforest ____________ 4. coral reef ____________ 5. grassland ____________ 6. polar ice ____________ 7. desert ____________ 8. cover ____________ 9. surface ____________ 10. oxygen ____________ 11. carbon dioxide ____________ 12. prevent floods ____________ 13. keep the balance ____________ 14. get rid of pollution ____________ 15. giant sponges ____________ 16. trap harmful things ____________ 17. 地球的心脏 ________________ 18. 地球的肾脏 ________________ 19. 地球的肺脏 ________________ 20. 昼夜温差大 ________________ 21. 容纳大量盐水 _______________ Task 2 预习Welcome to the unit，完成填空 1. Rainforests are home to over __________ of all the types of animals and plants on earth. 2. __________ look like rocks but support lots of life in small areas. 3. Grasslands often lie between __________ and __________. 4. Polar ice is home to __________ and __________. Task 3 初读Reading文章，完成基础判断（T/F） 1. An ecosystem only includes living things in an area. ( ) 2. The ocean covers about 71% of the earth’s surface. ( ) 3. Wetlands cover a large part of the earth’s land area. ( ) 4. Forests can help clean the air on the earth. ( ) Task 4 再读Reading文章，完成对比梳理填表 Ecosystem Area Main functions Nickname（美誉） Ocean __________ of earth’s surface Produce oxygen; store heat; take in carbon dioxide __________ Wetland __________ of earth’s land area __________ pollution; __________ floods __________ Forest __________ of earth’s land area Take in carbon dioxide; __________ oxygen; clean air __________ Task 5 句子翻译 1. 这片湿地是许多珍稀鸟类的家园。(be home to) ________________________________________________________________ 2. 森林可以吸收二氧化碳并净化空气。(take in) ________________________________________________________________ 3. 湿地在预防洪水方面发挥着重要作用。(play an important role) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Task 1 1. ecosystem生态系统 2. rainforest雨林 3. coral reef珊瑚礁 4. grassland草原 5. polar ice极地冰层；极地冰川 6. desert沙漠 7. coverv. 覆盖；占据（面积）；n. 封面 8. surface表面 9. oxygen氧气 10. carbon dioxide二氧化碳 11. prevent floods防洪；防止洪水泛滥 12. keep the balance维持平衡 13. get rid of pollution清除污染；净化污染物 14. giant sponges巨大的海绵 15. trap harmful things吸附有害物质 16. 地球的心脏the “heart” of the earth 17. 地球的肾脏the “kidneys” of the earth 18. 地球的肺脏the “lungs” of the earth 19. 昼夜温差大the difference in temperature between day and night is huge 20. 容纳大量盐水hold plenty of salt water Task 2 1. half 2. Coral reefs 3. deserts; forests 4. polar bears; penguins Task 3 1.F 2.T 3.F 4.T Task 4 Ocean: 71%; the “heart” of the earth Wetland: 6%; get rid of; prevent; the “kidneys” of the earth Forest: nearly a third; produce; the “lungs” of the earth Task 5 1. This wetland is home to many rare birds. 2. Forests can take in carbon dioxide and clean the air. 3. Wetlands play an important role in preventing floods. 知识点1：To treat the earth kindly is to treat oneself kindly. (P92) 【用法讲解】 1. 本句为不定式作主语结构，To do sth. is to do sth. 意为“做某事就是做某事”，前后结构对称。 2. treat v. 核心三层含义：①对待 treat sb. kindly/badly 善待/亏待某人；②治疗 treat an illness 治疗疾病；③款待 treat sb. to sth. 请某人吃某物。 3. kindly adv. 友善地、和蔼地，由形容词kind+后缀-ly构成，修饰动词。 知识点2：Rainforests are home to over half of all the types of animals and plants on earth. (P92) 【用法讲解】 1. be home to... 固定短语，意为“是……的栖息地/家园”，主语多为地域、生态区域。 2. over prep. 超过、多于，相当于more than，后接数量词。 3. on earth 固定搭配，意为“在地球上；究竟”，本句中取“在地球上”含义。 知识点3：Grasslands often lie between deserts and forests. (P92) 【用法讲解】 1. lie v. 位于；躺，过去式lay，过去分词lain，现在分词lying。本句中lie表示“（地理位置）坐落、位于”。 2. between...and... 固定搭配，意为“在……和……之间”，用于两者之间。 3. grassland n. 草原，为可数名词，复数形式grasslands，常泛指草原生态区域。 知识点4：The difference in temperature between day and night is huge. (P93) 【用法讲解】 1. difference n. 差异、差别，固定搭配the difference in... 表示“在……方面的差异”。 2. temperature n. 温度，不可数名词，常用搭配high/low temperature 高/低温。 3. huge adj. 巨大的，修饰抽象名词（差异、变化）或具体事物，相当于very big。 知识点5：The climate in deserts is so awful that only a few animals and plants can live there. (P93) 【用法讲解】 1. so...that... 结果状语从句句型，意为“如此……以至于……”，so后接形容词/副词，that后接完整句子。 2. climate n. 气候，指某一地区长期的天气状况，区别于weather（短期天气）。 3. awful adj. 糟糕的、恶劣的，可修饰气候、环境、心情等。 知识点6：An ecosystem includes all the living and non-living things in an area. (P94) 【用法讲解】 1. include vt. 包括、包含，侧重整体包含部分，常用主动语态。 2. living adj. 活着的、有生命的；non-living adj. 非生物的，前缀non-表示“不、非”，构成反义词。 3. ecosystem n. 生态系统，本单元核心名词，为可数名词。 知识点7：It covers around 71% of the earth’s surface and produces about 70% of the earth’s oxygen. (P94) 【用法讲解】 1. cover vt. 覆盖、占据（面积）；n. 躲避处、封面，一词多义核心词汇。 2. surface n. 表面，固定搭配the earth’s surface 地球表面。 3. produce vt. 生产、产出，本句中指海洋产出氧气，区别于make（普通制作）。 4. oxygen n. 氧气，不可数名词。 知识点8：This goes on and on, so the ocean is just like the “heart” of the earth. (P94) 【用法讲解】 1. go on and on 固定短语，意为“循环往复、持续不断”。 2. be like 像……一样，like此处为介词，后接名词，区别于like作动词“喜欢”。 3. 本句运用明喻修辞，用like连接本体和喻体，是英语常用写作手法。 知识点9：Wetlands help get rid of pollution and make the water clean. (P95) 【用法讲解】 1. get rid of 固定短语，意为“清除、摆脱”，后接垃圾、污染、不良事物等。 2. wetland n. 湿地，可数名词，复数wetlands，核心生态类词汇。 3. pollution n. 污染，不可数名词；pollute v. 污染，为其动词形式。 知识点10：Wetlands can also help prevent floods. (P95) 【用法讲解】 1. prevent vt. 防止、阻止，常用搭配prevent sth. 预防某事。 2. flood n. 洪水、水灾，可数名词，常用复数floods表示泛指洪涝灾害。 3. help (to) do sth. 帮助做某事，不定式to可省略。 知识点11：During heavy rains, wetlands store water like giant sponges. (P95) 【用法讲解】 1. store vt. 储存、贮存，本句中指湿地蓄水；n. 商店、储备。 2. giant adj. 巨大的，修饰事物，语气强于big/huge。 3. sponge n. 海绵，本句为比喻用法，生动体现湿地蓄水功能。 知识点12：They act like the “kidneys” of the earth. (P95) 【用法讲解】 1. act vi. 起作用、行动，act like... 意为“起到……的作用、表现得像……”。 2. kidney n. 肾脏，本句为比喻义，凸显湿地净化水质的核心功能。 知识点13：Plants there take in carbon dioxide from the air and produce oxygen. (P95) 【用法讲解】 1. take in 固定短语，意为“吸收；摄入”，可修饰气体、水分、信息等。 2. carbon dioxide 二氧化碳，固定化学名词，不可数。 知识点14：They also trap harmful things in their leaves and help clean the air. (P95) 【用法讲解】 1. trap vt. 吸收、困住，本句中指树叶吸附空气中的有害物质。 2. harmful adj. 有害的，固定搭配be harmful to... 对……有害；反义词harmless 无害的。 知识点15：Therefore, people often call forests the “lungs” of the earth. (P95) 【用法讲解】 1. therefore adv. 因此、所以，表因果关系，多用于书面语，可置于句首、句中。 2. lung n. 肺，本句比喻森林净化空气、供给氧气的生态功能。 3. call sb./sth. + 名词 称呼某人/某物为……，为固定宾补结构。 知识点16：It plays an important role in slowing down climate change. (P97) 【用法讲解】 1. play an important role in... 在……中发挥重要作用，in后接名词/动名词。 2. slow down 固定短语，意为“减缓、使变慢”，本句中指减缓气候变化速度。 3. climate change 气候变化，固定生态术语。 知识点17：It’s very difficult to get rid of plastic in the ocean. (P97) 【用法讲解】 1. It is + adj. + to do sth. 形式主语句型，it为形式主语，真正主语为后面的不定式。 2. plastic n. 塑料，不可数名词；adj. 塑料的，本单元核心环保词汇。 知识点18：If we don’t, the plastic will harm the balance of the ocean ecosystem. (P97) 【用法讲解】 1. harm vt. 伤害、损害，可指损害事物、环境、健康等，近义词damage。 2. balance n. 平衡，固定搭配keep the balance of... 保持……的平衡。 3. if引导条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1．Coral reefs look like rocks, but they support a lot of ________ (live) in just a small area. 2．If you are not feeling at your best, you can try out some clothes of ________ (difference) colours. 3．We hope more people will understand the ________ (important) of the wetlands soon. 4．People used tree ________ (leaf) to make paper in ancient China. 5．My friend lives in the hottest and ________ (dry) place in Africa. 6．The little boy is ________ (frighten) of thunder and lightning. 7．We ________ (hold) a great party to celebrate my mother's 40th birthday yesterday. 8．Forests can ________ (take) in carbon dioxide and produce oxygen. 9．Trees are good for our health because they take in ________ (harm) gases in the air. 10．Mum seldom _______ (include) my favourite snacks in her shopping list. She says they are unhealthy. 11．Have they made up their minds _________ (prevent) such bad behaviour? 12．They were _________(trap) in the burning hotel. 13．________ (sad), many wild animals lost their lives because of people. 14．The book describes the daily lives of living beings in different ________ (ecosystem). 15．They are ________ (penguin). They’re friendly to us. 二、根据汉语提示填空 16．The ________ (暴风雨) in summer usually come suddenly and pass quickly. 17．It’s a ________ (晴朗的) day today. Let’s go for a picnic in the park. 18．We should take some warm clothes with us because the temperature will ________ (下降) tonight. 19．After the rain, a ________ (彩虹) appeared in the sky. 20．The wind is blowing ________ (猛烈地) than before, so we’d better stay indoors. 21．The ________ (气候) is changing, and it affects animals and plants. 22．An ________ (糟糕的) storm called Bebinca hit Wuxi last summer. 23．Our science class visited the local ________ (池塘) to study frogs and learn about their life cycle. 24．The air becomes much ________ (潮湿的) before the rain. 25．The whole city is ________ (覆盖) in thick snow after the blizzard. 26．It’s important to stay ________ (镇静的) when an earthquake happens. 27．The ground began to ________ (摇晃) and people ran out of the building quickly. 28．When spring comes, the flowers are ________ (环绕) us. 29．Who would like to show the new students _______ (到处)? 30．The bridge weighs about 10，000__________(吨)． 三、单项选择 31．Some chemicals are very dangerous. We must ________ them in special containers and label them clearly. A．store B．clean C．sell D．mix 32．We found our Chinese teacher very interesting. Its structure is ________ . A．S+V+P B．S+V+DO+OC C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO 33．Tony forgot to set his alarm clock last night. ________, he was late for the morning class today. A．Therefore B．Although C．Unless D．Moreover 34．After the earthquake, people tried their best to ________ the people trapped under the buildings. A．wake up B．look for C．take away D．put up 35．Don’t be afraid of failure, Amy. Stand up and ________ sadness to have a new beginning. A．get on with B．get rid of C．get together D．get around 36．I need to use the book too. You’d better ________ it to me in two days. A．create B．cause C．include D．return 37．When we borrow books, it’s good for us to _________ them to the library on time. A．remember B．return C．respect D．reach 38．The earth is our only home. We shouldn’t do anything bad to ________ her! A．harm B．hide C．prevent D．provide 39．—I want to learn to skate but find it difficult to ________. —Don’t worry. Practice makes perfect. All that you need is more practice. A．fall over B．keep my balance C．fall behind D．keep healthy 40．—Why do you like living in the countryside? —Because I can ________ fresh air. Moreover, it is quiet there. A．take in B．take out C．take up D．take away 41．The number of the social workers in our city ________ 2,000. And sixty percent of them ________ doctors and students. A．is; is B．is; are C．are; is D．are; are 42．—________ of the students in our class have passed the exam. —Oh, that means 20% of them should work harder. A．One fifth B．Four five C．Four fifths D．One five 43．All the ________ things on the Earth need water to keep ________. A．living; alive B．living; living C．lively; alive D．alive; living 44．—Is it always so cold in winter here? —No, the lowest temperature generally stays ________ -18℃ every winter. This year is a special case. A．around B．without C．against D．off 45．The camel is sometimes called “the ship of the desert”. It _________ fat in its hump (驼峰) and can go for days without water. A．stores B．saves C．spends D．supports 四、完成句子 46．沙漠中的植物帮助清除污染。 Plants in ________ help ________ ________ ________ ________. 47．如果你春天去乡下，会看到到处都有大量的花儿在盛开。 If you visit the countryside in spring, you’ll see ________ ________ flowers blooming everywhere. 48．树木吸收二氧化碳并产生氧气。 Trees ________ ________ carbon dioxide and produce oxygen. 49．它 (海洋) 在减缓气候变化方面发挥着重要作用。 It __________ __________ __________ __________ in slowing down climate change. 50．湿地仅占地球陆地面积的6%左右。 Wetlands only __________ __________ 6% of the Earth’s land area. 51．规律运动和均衡饮食能帮助摆脱疲劳，让身体保持活力。 Regular exercise and a balanced diet can help _______ _______ _______ tiredness and keep your body energetic. 52．喝一杯温水能减缓消化速度，避免胃部不适。 Drinking a cup of warm water can _______ _______ the speed of digestion and avoid stomach discomfort. 53．在公园乱扔垃圾不仅看起来脏乱，还会对那里小动物的生存环境有害。 Littering in the park not only looks messy but also _______ _______ _______ the living environment of small animals there. 54．系安全带能在发生车祸时阻止司机和乘客受伤。 Wearing a seatbelt can _______ drivers and passengers _______ _______ _______ in case of a car accident. 55．艺术展上展出了不同大小的画作，这让展区看起来更有活力、更有趣。 The art exhibition features paintings ________ ________ ________ , which makes the display space look more dynamic and interesting. 56．亚马逊雨林是成千上万种独特动植物的家园，这些物种在其他地方都找不到。 The Amazon Rainforest ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ unique plants and animals that can’t be found anywhere else. 57．孩子们通常从和朋友玩游戏中得到很多快乐。 Children usually ________ a lot of happiness ________ ________ ________ with their friends. 58．我们应该为子孙后代保护地球上的环境。 We should protect the environment ________ ________ for future generations. 59．这部电影如此有趣，以至于我一周内看了两遍。 The movie was ________ ________ ________ I watched it twice in a week. 60．很难在红裙子和蓝裙子之间做决定——你穿这两件都很漂亮。 It’s hard to decide ________ the red dress ________ the blue one—they both look beautiful on you. 五、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Coral reefs (珊瑚礁) are often called the “rainforests of the sea.” They cover less than 1% of the ocean floor but are home to about 25% of all marine species. Corals are actually tiny animals called polyps (珊瑚虫). They live in colonies and build hard skeletons (骨骼) that form reefs. Coral reefs are very 61 (color) because of the algae (藻类) living inside them. These algae provide corals with food and oxygen. However, when the ocean gets too warm, corals expel (排出) the algae, turning white—this is called coral bleaching (白化). Bleached corals can die if conditions don’t improve. Reefs protect coastlines from storms and erosion. They also provide food and jobs for millions of people. 62 (fortunate), coral reefs are in danger. Climate change, pollution, and overfishing are destroying them. Scientists estimate that half of the world’s coral reefs have already 63 (appear) in the last 30 years. We can help protect coral reefs. Reducing carbon emissions (排放) slows ocean warming. Avoiding products with coral or buying sustainable seafood helps. Supporting marine protected areas allows reefs to recover. 64 (science) are also working on “coral gardening”—growing corals in nurseries and transplanting (移植) them to damaged reefs. Coral reefs are amazing ecosystems. They show us how delicate (脆弱的) and interconnected (相互关联的) nature is. If we don’t act now, future generations might only see coral reefs in 65 (picture). Let’s work together to save these underwater wonders. Every effort 66 (count)! Remember, healthy oceans mean a healthy planet. We must do our part 67 (protect) these vital habitats. 68 (visit) aquariums and learning about marine life can also inspire us to care. Coral reefs are not just beautiful; they are essential for life on Earth. Let’s not 69 (forget) their importance. Together, we can make a 70 (different) for our blue planet. 参考答案 一、 1．life 【解析】句意：珊瑚礁看起来像岩石，但它们能在很小的区域内维系大量的生命。“a lot of”后需接名词，表示“许多……”，提示词live是动词，其对应的名词形式是life“生命”，此处作不可数名词表示生态系统中泛指概念的“生命”。 2．different 【解析】句意：如果你感觉状态不佳，可以尝试一些不同颜色的衣服。空处修饰名词colours，用形容词different“不同的”，作定语。故填different。 3．importance 【解析】句意：我们希望更多的人能很快了解湿地的重要性。important“重要的”，形容词，空处位于定冠词the之后介词of之前，用名词形式importance“重要性”。故填importance。 4．leaves 【解析】句意：在中国古代，人们用树叶造纸。leaf“叶子”，可数名词，此处表示泛指用复数。故填leaves。 5．driest 【解析】句意：我的朋友住在非洲最热和最干燥的地方。根据“hottest”可知，空处应填dry的最高级driest“最干燥的”与“最热的”并列。故填driest。 6．frightened 【解析】句意：这个小男孩害怕打雷闪电。固定搭配be frightened of表示“害怕……”，此处修饰人要用-ed结尾的形容词，frighten的形容词形式frightened用来形容人的感受。 7．held 【解析】句意：昨天我们举办了一场盛大的派对，庆祝妈妈的四十岁生日。句中的时间状语yesterday（昨天） 是一般过去时的标志，谓语动词需要使用过去式。hold 的过去式是held。 8．take 【解析】句意：森林能够吸收二氧化碳并生成氧气。此处需填入动词表示“吸收”，结合提示词可知，“take in”是固定搭配，意为“吸收”。空格前是情态动词“can”，后接动词原形，所以填take。 9．harmful 【解析】句意：树木对我们的健康有益，因为它们吸收空气中的有害气体。harm“危害”，动词和名词。空后为名词gases，空处应填形容词作定语来修饰名词，harm的形容词为harmful“有害的”。故填harmful。 10．includes 【解析】句意：妈妈很少把我最喜欢的零食列入她的购物清单。她说它们不健康。根据seldom以及says可知，此句也是一般现在时，主语Mum是第三人称单数形式，动词用三单，故填includes。 11．to prevent 【解析】句意：他们已经下定决心防止这种不良行为了吗？make up one’s mind to do sth“下定决心做某事”，因此空处填写不定式。故填to prevent。 12．trapped 【解析】句意：他们被困在失火的旅馆里。trap“困在”，主语they与动词trap之间是被动关系，所以此处用被动语态be done的结构，故此空应填过去分词，故填trapped。 13．Sadly 【解析】句意：悲伤地是，许多野生动物因为人类而失去了生命。根据“many wild animals lost their lives because of people.”可知，此处表达“可悲地是”，sadly“可悲地”此处是副词修饰动词。注意首字母大写。故填Sadly。 14．ecosystems 【解析】句意：这本书描写了不同生态系统中生物的日常生活。ecosystem“生态系统”，被different修饰，应用复数形式。故填ecosystems。 15．penguins 【解析】句意：它们是企鹅。它们对我们很友好。“They are”表明是复数，penguin的复数是penguins。故填penguins。 二、 16．storms 【解析】句意：夏季的暴风雨通常来得突然，消散得也快。本句谓语动词为come，主语需要使用复数形式，“暴风雨”对应的英文单词storm，复数形式为storms。 17．sunny 【解析】句意：今天天气晴朗，我们去公园野餐吧。此处需要形容词修饰名词day，“晴朗的”英文单词为sunny。 18．drop 【解析】句意：我们应该带上一些保暖衣物，因为今晚气温将会下降。“下降”对应的英文单词为drop，是动词，will后接动词原形drop。 19．rainbow 【解析】句意：雨后，天空中出现了一道彩虹。根据中文提示可知，“彩虹”对应的英文是rainbow，是可数名词，不定冠词a后接名词单数，故填rainbow。 20．more strongly 【解析】句意：风比之前刮得更猛烈了，所以我们最好待在室内。空格修饰动词blow，需使用副词；句中有than，要用副词比较级。“猛烈地”为strongly，比较级是more strongly。 21．climate 【解析】句意：气候正在改变，这影响动物和植物。表达“气候”用单词climate，当“climate”表示一个地区或国家的长期天气状况和气候特点时，通常被看作是不可数的。故填climate。 22．awful 【解析】句意：去年夏天，一场名为“Bebinca”的可怕风暴袭击了无锡。根据汉语提示可知，空处应填awful“糟糕的”，形容词作定语修饰名词storm。故填awful。 23．pond 【解析】句意：我们科学课去了当地的池塘，观察青蛙并学习它们的生命周期。中文提示“池塘”对应的英文单词是pond。空格前有定冠词“the”，特指当地某一处池塘，因此使用单数形式pond。 24．wetter 【解析】句意：下雨之前空气会变得更加潮湿。much用来修饰形容词比较级，潮湿的wet的比较级为wetter。 25．covered 【解析】句意：暴风雪过后，整座城市被厚厚的雪覆盖。根据汉语提示“覆盖”，应填动词cover的过去分词covered，与is构成被动语态，表示“被覆盖”。后接in thick snow，表示“被厚厚的雪覆盖”。 26．calm 【解析】句意：发生地震时保持镇静十分重要。固定搭配“stay calm”表示保持镇静，stay后接形容词作表语，“镇静的”为calm。 27．shake 【解析】句意：地面开始摇晃，人们迅速跑出大楼。固定搭配begin to do sth.表示“开始做某事”，to后面需要接动词原形，shake表示“摇晃”，故填shake。 28．around 【解析】句意：当春天来临时，花朵环绕着我们。around“环绕”，介词，围绕某物或某人。故填around。 29．around 【解析】句意：谁想带新生四处看看？根据“Who would like to show the new students…?”以及汉语提示可知，around“到处”，副词；show sb. around“带某人到处转转”，动词短语。故填around。 30．tons 【解析】句意：这座桥重约1万吨。此处缺量词，根据中文，可知是ton，意为“吨”，是名词，其前有基数词10,000，可知此处用复数，故填tons。 三、 31．A 【解析】句意：有些化学品非常危险。我们必须把它们存放在特殊容器中并清楚地贴上标签。   store储存；clean清洁；sell出售；mix混合。根据“in special containers”可知，危险化学品应“储存”在特殊容器中，应用store。 32．B 【解析】句意：我们发现我们的语文老师很有趣。其结构是主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语。 句中We是主语(S)，found是谓语(V)，our Chinese teacher是宾语(DO)，very interesting是宾语补足语(OC)，用来补充说明宾语的特征。 33．A 【解析】句意：托尼昨晚忘了设闹钟。因此，他今天的早课迟到了。 Therefore因此；Although虽然；Unless除非；Moreover此外。根据前句“Tony forgot to set his alarm clock last night.”可知，忘了设闹钟是原因，后句“he was late for the morning class today”是结果，前后构成因果关系，Therefore表示“因此”，符合语境。应填Therefore。 34．B 【解析】句意：地震后，人们尽最大努力寻找被困在建筑物下面的人。 wake up叫醒；look for寻找；take away带走；put up张贴，搭建。根据“the people trapped under the buildings”可知，此处表示寻找被困人员，应用look for。 35．B 【解析】句意：不要害怕失败，艾米。站起来，摆脱悲伤，重新开始。 get on with继续……；get rid of摆脱；除去；get together相聚；get around四处走动；传播。根据“Stand up”；“have a new beginning”和空后的“sadness”可知，此处表达的意思是“站起来，摆脱悲伤，重新开始”。 36．D 【解析】句意：我也需要用这本书。你最好在两天内把它归还给我。 create创造；cause导致；include包含；return归还。return sth. to sb.意为“把某物归还某人”，完全符合“我需要用书，所以让对方归还”的语境。You’d better后接动词原形。 37．B 【解析】句意：当我们借书时，按时归还它们到图书馆对我们有好处。 考查动词辨析。remember记住；return归还；respect尊重；reach到达。根据“it’s good for us to…them to the library on time.”可知，此处指按时“归还”书籍，故选B。 38．A 【解析】句意：地球是我们唯一的家园。我们不应该做任何伤害她的事情！ 考查动词辨析。harm 伤害；hide 隐藏；prevent 阻止；provide 提供。根据句意“地球是我们唯一的家园”可知，我们不应该做任何“伤害”她的事情。故选A。 39．B 【解析】句意：——我想学滑冰，但发现很难保持平衡。——别担心。熟能生巧。你所需要的就是更多的练习。 考查动词短语辨析。fall over摔倒；keep my balance保持平衡；fall behind落后；keep healthy保持健康。根据“I want to learn to skate”可知，滑冰难点在于保持平衡。故选B。 40．A 【解析】句意：——你为什么喜欢住在农村？——因为我可以在那里呼吸新鲜空气。此外，那里很安静。 考查动词短语。take in吸收；take out取出；take up占据；take away带走。根据“Because I can...fresh air there.”可知，在乡下可以吸收新鲜空气。故选A。 41．B 【解析】句意：我们市的社工数量是2000人。他们中百分之六十是医生和学生。 考查主谓一致。第一空主语为“The number of...”表示“……的数量”，谓语动词用单数形式，故用is；第二空主语为“sixty percent of them”，其中“them”指代“the social workers”，为复数，故谓语动词用复数形式are。故选B。 42．C 【解析】句意：——我们班五分之四的学生通过了考试。——哦，那意味着他们中的20%应该更加努力。 考查分数表达。One fifth五分之一；Four five四五；Four fifths五分之四；One five一五。根据“20% of them should work harder”可知，有20%的学生没通过考试，即五分之一的学生没通过考试，那么通过考试的人数占五分之四。Four fifths表示五分之四。故选C。 43．A 【解析】句意：地球上所有的生物都需要水来维持生命。 考查形容词辨析。living活着的，主要用作定语，也可用作表语；alive活着的，表语，既可修饰人也可修饰物；lively生动的，用作表语或定语，可以修饰人或物。第一空作定语修饰物，指“活着的”，用living；第二空作表语，指保持“活着的”状态，用alive。故选A。 44．A 【解析】句意：——这里的冬天总是这么冷吗？——不，每年冬天最低气温通常保持在零下18℃左右。今年是个特殊情况。 考查介词和副词辨析。around大约；without没有；against反对；off离开。根据语境可知，此处是在描述每年冬天最低气温通常保持在大约零下18℃，所以应该用around表示“大约”。故选A。 45．A 【解析】句意：骆驼有时被称为“沙漠之舟”。它在驼峰中储存脂肪，并且可以几天不喝水。 考查动词辨析。stores储存；saves节省；spends花费；supports支持。根据生物学常识，骆驼的驼峰用于储存脂肪作为能量储备，以支持长时间缺水时的生存，其他选项均不符合语境。故选A。 四、 46． deserts get rid of pollution 【解析】原句中“帮助清除污染”是关键词，“帮助做某事”常见表达为“help do sth.” ，“清除”对应的英文表达是“get rid of”，“污染”是“pollution”，所以“帮助清除污染”可翻译为“help get rid of pollution”；“沙漠”对应的英文是“deserts”。 47． plenty/lots of 【解析】对照中英文可知，缺少“大量的”。“大量的”可译为“plenty/lots of”，它既可以修饰可数名词复数也可以修饰不可数名词，此处修饰可数名词复数“flowers”，符合语境。故填plenty/lots；of。 48． take in 【解析】对照中英文可知，缺乏的中文部分是“吸收”，其英文表达是“take in”，该句是一般现在时，主语Trees是复数名词，所以动词要用原形。故填take；in。 49． plays an important role 【解析】对比中英文可知，空格处缺少“发挥着重要作用”，其英文表达为play an important role，后接in doing sth.表示“在做某事方面”；句子陈述现在的情况，时态应用一般现在时，且主语为“It”，谓语动词play应用其三单形式plays。故填plays；an；important；role。 50． cover about 【解析】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“占……左右”。“占（面积）”可译为“cover”，“左右”可译为“about”，主语“Wetlands”是复数，谓语动词用原形。故填cover；about。 51． get rid of 【解析】对比中英文可知，此处缺少“摆脱”，其英文表达为get rid of，can后接动词原形。故填get；rid；of。 52． slow down 【解析】对比中英文可知，此处缺少“减缓”，其英文表达为slow down，can后接动词原形。故填slow；down。 53． does harm to 【解析】对比中英文可知，此处缺少“对……有害”，其英文表达为do harm to，结合“looks”可知，句中时态为一般现在时，主语是动名词，动词do也应使用第三人称单数形式does。故填does；harm；to。 54． prevent from getting hurt 【解析】prevent sb. from doing sth.“阻止某人做某事”，get hurt“受伤”。can后接动词原形。故填prevent；from；getting；hurt。 55． of different sizes 【解析】对照中英文可知，缺少“不同大小的”。“不同大小”可译为“different sizes”，此处用来修饰名词 “paintings”，“of+名词”结构可表示事物的特征，符合语境。故填of；different；sizes。 56． is home to thousands of 【解析】be home to“是……的家园”，句子应用一般现在时，主语为The Amazon Rainforest，be动词用is；thousands of“成千上万的”，后接复数名词。故填is；home；to；thousands；of。 57． get from playing games 【解析】get sth. from“从……中得到某物”，结合“usually”可知，句子用一般现在时，主语“Children”是复数，谓语动词用原形；play games“玩游戏”，介词“from”后接动名词。故填get；from；playing；games。 58． on earth 【解析】对比中英文可知，此处缺少“地球上”，其英文表达为on earth，是介词短语。故填on；earth。 59． so interesting that 【解析】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“如此有趣以至于”。interesting“有趣的”，形容词；so…that…“如此……以至于……”。故填so；interesting；that。 60． between and 【解析】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“在……和……之间”。between…and…“在……和……之间”，介词短语。故填between；and。 五、 61．colorful 62．Unfortunately 63．disappeared 64．Scientists 65．pictures 66．counts 67．to protect 68．Visiting 69．forget 70．difference 【解析】本文介绍了珊瑚礁被称为海洋雨林，说明了珊瑚礁的作用、面临的危机以及保护珊瑚礁的举措，呼吁人们保护珊瑚礁生态系统。 61．句意：珊瑚礁因为体内生存的藻类而色彩斑斓。句子为主系表结构，be动词are后面需要使用形容词作表语，color的形容词形式colorful，表示“色彩鲜艳的”。当海洋温度过高时，珊瑚会排出体内藻类，颜色变白，该现象叫作珊瑚白化。 62．句意：不幸的是，珊瑚礁正处于危险之中。副词放在句首修饰整个句子，fortunate变为否定副词unfortunately，表示“不幸的是”，句首字母大写。人类活动产生的碳排放，持续加剧海洋变暖，威胁珊瑚生存。 63．句意：科学家估计，在过去30年里，世界上一半的珊瑚礁已经消失。句中already为现在完成时标志词，have后面接动词过去分词，appear的反义词disappear，过去分词disappeared。 64．句意：科学家正在研究“珊瑚种植”，在培育苗圃中培育珊瑚，并移植到受损的珊瑚礁上。句子缺少主语，根据are可知主语为复数，science变形为scientists，表示“科学家”，句首字母大写。 65．句意：如果我们现在不采取行动，后代可能只能在照片中看到珊瑚礁。介词in后接名词，此处用名词复数表泛指，picture复数形式pictures。 66．句意：每一份努力都至关重要。主语Every effort是单数，时态为一般现在时，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式counts。 67．句意：我们必须尽自己的一份力量来保护这些至关重要的栖息地。固定搭配do our part to do sth.，不定式作目的状语，to后接动词原形protect。 68．句意：参观水族馆并了解海洋生物同样可以激励我们去关爱海洋。和learning并列共同作句子主语，需要使用动名词形式，visit变为visiting，句首字母大写。 69．句意：让我们不要忘记它们的重要性。固定句型Let’s not do sth.，let后面接动词原形forget。 70．句意：齐心协力，我们可以为蓝色星球带来改变。固定搭配make a difference，表示“产生影响，带来改变”，different变为名词difference。 1．本节课核心知识（结合课堂知识总结）：_________________________________________________ 2．今日错题 / 不懂的内容：_______________________________________________________________ 3．出错 / 听不懂的原因：□概念不会 □审题马虎 □思路没掌握 □其他________________________ 4．我的改进小计划： _________________________________________________________________________________________ $