Unit 7 The natural world生态系统及其保护（单元阅读精练）英语新教材译林版八年级上册

**基本信息** 聚焦生态系统保护主题，通过8篇说明文语篇构建“问题现象-原因分析-保护措施”的逻辑链条，融合语言能力与环保意识培养。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |时文阅读|2篇阅读理解|说明文（317-358词）|国际生态问题：维多利亚湖水位下降、大头蚁入侵的生态影响| |实战演练|6篇（4阅读+2完形）|说明文（182-437词）|保护措施与全球议题：藏羚羊保护、水资源节约、电子垃圾回收、全球变暖、鸟类与珊瑚礁生态平衡|

Unit 7 The natural world生态系统及其保护 单元阅读精练 模块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 Passage 1 阅读理解 说明文 317 本文讲述了非洲最大的湖泊维多利亚湖水位下降，以及由此给当地居民和生态带来的严重问题。 Passage 2 阅读理解 说明文 358 本文介绍了一种入侵肯尼亚的大头蚁及其破坏性，强调了微小的生物也可能对生态系统产生重大影响。 实战演练 Passage 1 阅读理解 说明文 259 本文讲述了中国青海-西藏地区为保护藏羚羊而采取的措施，特别是“绿灯为藏羚羊”项目的实施情况。 Passage 2 阅读理解 说明文 437 本文讲述水资源问题并介绍了造成水污染的原因，并号召节约用水，提出节约用水的若干建议。 Passage 3 阅读理解 说明文 273 本文讲述了废弃的电子垃圾对环境和健康有害，建议买更耐用的电子设备并且回收电子产品。 Passage 4 阅读理解 说明文 412 本文介绍了全球变暖的相关内容，呼吁人们环保生活。 Passage 5 完形填空 说明文 182 本文讲述了鸟类在平衡自然中的重要作用，。强调保护鸟类即是保护人类，共建健康生态。 Passage 6 完形填空 说明文 251 本文介绍了珊瑚礁的重要作用、生存危机，并呼吁人们行动保护珊瑚、维持自然平衡。 Passage 1 Lake Victoria is the largest lake in Africa. It is also the second-largest lake in the world. It is an important lake because it is one of the sources for the longest river in the world, the Nile River. Lake Victoria provides a source of water, food, and power for several African countries. Lake Victoria is a big part of African life. Unfortunately, Lake Victoria has a problem. It is shrinking. There are several power stations at Lake Victoria in Uganda. These are on the Nile River, and besides producing power, they keep the water of the lake at a certain level. For the past forty years, that level has been 11.9 meters. Over the last several years, the water level has dropped by about 2.5 meters. There seem to be several reasons for this drop. One possible reason is drought (干旱). Drought has been very bad in the area since 2000. Lake Victoria gets all of its water from rain, so the drought means less water in the lake. However, some environmentalists believe that the real problem is the power plants (factories) on Lake Victoria. Uganda depends on those power plants for most of its power, and they made the power plants larger in 2000. Many people believe the power plants have been taking too much water off Lake Victoria. As a result, they have been asked to use less water until Lake Victoria goes back to its old level. Whether the low water level is caused by drought or power plants, the result is the same. This is already a poor area of Africa, where many people live a really hard life. People, animals and plants around Lake Victoria will suffer even more from low water levels on the lake. Many people need Lake Victoria for fishing or growing food. Fish need the water to live, and animals need it for water. 维多利亚湖是非洲最大的湖泊，也是世界第二大湖泊。它十分重要，因为它是世界最长河流——尼罗河的水源之一。维多利亚湖为多个非洲国家提供水源、食物与能源，是非洲人生活的重要组成部分。 遗憾的是，维多利亚湖正面临一个难题：湖面面积正在缩减。乌干达境内的维多利亚湖畔建有多座发电站。这些发电站坐落于尼罗河上，除了发电之外，还维持着湖泊的固定水位。过去四十年里，湖泊水位一直维持在11.9米。但近几年，水位已经下降了约2.5米。造成水位下降似乎有多重原因。 其中一个可能的原因是干旱。自2000年以来，该地区干旱情况十分严重。维多利亚湖的水源全部来自降雨，因此干旱意味着湖泊水量减少。 然而，部分环保人士认为真正的问题出在湖畔的发电厂。乌干达大部分能源都依赖这些发电厂，并且该国在2000年扩大了发电厂的规模。很多人认为发电厂从维多利亚湖抽取了过多的湖水。因此，相关发电厂被要求减少取水量，直到维多利亚湖水位恢复原有水平。 无论低水位是由干旱还是发电厂造成，带来的后果都是一样的。这已经是非洲的贫困地区，许多人生活本就十分艰难。维多利亚湖周边的人类、动植物都会因湖泊水位降低遭受更大的苦难。很多人依靠湖泊捕鱼、耕种粮食；鱼类需要湖水生存，动物也需要湖水来维持生命。 【长难句分析】 1.原句：It is an important lake because it is one of the sources for the longest river in the world, the Nile River. 译文：它十分重要，因为它是世界最长河流——尼罗河的水源之一。 分析：本句为主从复合句。because引导原因状语从句；the Nile River作the longest river in the world的同位语，用来解释说明这条长河的名称。 2.原句：Uganda depends on those power plants for most of its power, and they made the power plants larger in 2000. 译文：乌干达大部分能源都依赖这些发电厂，并且该国在2000年扩大了发电厂的规模。 分析：并列句，由并列连词and连接两个独立分句；固定搭配depend on…for…表示“依靠……获取……”；“make +宾语+形容词比较级”表示“使……变得更大”。 3.原句：Whether the low water level is caused by drought or power plants, the result is the same. 译文：无论低水位是由干旱还是发电厂造成，带来的后果都是一样的。 分析：whether…or…引导让步状语从句，表示“无论……还是……”；从句为被动语态is caused by，意为“由……所造成”。 【重难词汇梳理】 1. source n. 源头，来源 2. provide v. 提供 3. unfortunately adv. 不幸地，遗憾地 4. shrink v. 缩小，缩减 5. level n. 水位；水平 6. drop v. 下降，降低 7. drought n. 干旱 8. environmentalist n. 环保人士 9. depend v. 依靠，依赖 10. result n. 结果 11. suffer v. 遭受，受苦 12. fishing n. 捕鱼，渔业 13. power n. 电力；能量 Passage 2 An invasive species (入侵物种) of ant is changing the way lions hunt and eat in Kenya, according to a new study. Lions hide behind whistling thorn trees before they hunt zebras. However, since the big-headed ants arrived, the number of whistling thorn trees has fallen. The big-headed ant is one of the world's worst invasive species. This means it is not from the area. The ants arrived in Kenya from southern Africa about 15 years ago, and since then have been attacking the acacia ants—ants that have lived there long ago. Acacia ants live in and look after the whistling from trees that spread over the landscape. In the “symbiotic relationship (共生关系)”, the acacia ants feed on the trees and use them for cover. In return, they protect the trees from animals that might eat too much of them, like elephants or giraffes. They do this by moving and attacking together. Big-headed ants eat acacia ants and their eggs. As a result, the number of acacia ants is falling. Big-headed ants don’t protect whistling thorn trees either, so with fewer acacia ants, the trees are in trouble. Professor Todd Palmer, one of the study’s writers, and his team, found that in areas where big-headed ants appear, elephants destroy (破坏) five to seven times more trees than in areas without big-headed ants. This means the landscape is more open and zebras are better able to find any lion following them. Zebra that are killed in these areas are three times lower than in tree-filled places. The good news is that the lion population remains stable (稳定的) because lions are looking elsewhere for their lunch—they seem to be hunting buffalo (野牛) instead of zebras. This probably means that the tiny ants have caused lions to change their behaviour too, forcing them to hunt in larger groups for the bigger, heavier buffalo. Professor Palmer said, “We often find it’s the little things that rule the world.” 一项新研究表明，一种入侵蚂蚁正在改变肯尼亚狮子捕猎与进食的方式。狮子捕猎斑马前会躲在哨刺金合欢树后方。然而，自从大头蚁到来之后，哨刺金合欢树的数量已经下降。 大头蚁是全球危害最严重的入侵物种之一，也就是说它并非本土物种。大约15年前，这种蚂蚁从非洲南部来到肯尼亚，从那以后它们就一直在攻击金合欢蚁——一种早已栖息于此的蚂蚁。 金合欢蚁生活在哨刺金合欢树上并照料这些遍布这片土地的树木。在这种共生关系中，金合欢蚁以树木为食，并借助树木藏身。作为回报，它们保护树木，使其免受大象、长颈鹿这类会过度啃食树木的动物伤害，它们依靠集体出动、协同攻击来完成这项防御。 大头蚁捕食金合欢蚁以及蚁卵。结果就是，金合欢蚁的数量不断减少。大头蚁也不会保护哨刺金合欢树。因此金合欢蚁变少后，这些树木就陷入危机。 该研究的作者之一托德·帕尔默教授及其团队发现：在大头蚁出现的区域，大象破坏树木的数量是没有大头蚁区域的五到七倍。这就使得这片地域更加开阔，斑马更容易发现追踪自己的狮子。在这些区域被猎杀的斑马数量，比树木茂密的地区低三倍。 好消息是狮子种群数量依旧保持稳定，因为狮子会另寻猎物果腹——它们似乎不再捕猎斑马，转而捕猎野牛。这或许说明，小小的蚂蚁也促使狮子改变了自身习性，迫使狮子结成更大群体，去捕猎体型更大、更笨重的野牛。帕尔默教授说：“我们常常发现，正是微小的事物主宰着这个世界。” 【长难句分析】 1. 原句：Professor Todd Palmer, one of the study’s writers, and his team, found that in areas where big‑headed ants appear, elephants destroy five to seven times more trees than in areas without big‑headed ants. 译文：该研究的作者之一托德·帕尔默教授及其团队发现，在大头蚁出现的区域，大象破坏树木的数量是没有大头蚁区域的五到七倍。 分析：本句主干为`Professor Todd Palmer and his team found that…`；`one of the study’s writers`作同位语，补充说明人物身份；that引导宾语从句；宾语从句内部嵌套where引导的定语从句修饰areas；句中包含`five to seven times more`倍数比较结构。 2. 原句：In the “symbiotic relationship”, the acacia ants feed on the trees and use them for cover. In return, they protect the trees from animals that might eat too much of them, like elephants or giraffes. 译文：在这种“共生关系”中，金合欢蚁以树木为食，并借助树木藏身。作为回报，它们保护树木，使其免受大象、长颈鹿这类会过度啃食树木的动物伤害。 分析：第二句为主句+that引导定语从句，that修饰先行词animals；固定搭配`protect…from…`表示“保护……免受……”；like elephants or giraffes作举例插入成分。 3. 原句：This probably means that the tiny ants have caused lions to change their behaviour too, forcing them to hunt in larger groups for the bigger, heavier buffalo. 译文：这或许说明，小小的蚂蚁也促使狮子改变了自身习性，迫使狮子结成更大群体，去捕猎体型更大、更笨重的野牛。 分析：主句主干`This means that…`；that引导宾语从句；`have caused lions to change`为从句谓语部分；逗号后`forcing…`是现在分词作结果状语，表示蚂蚁带来的间接后果。 【重难词汇梳理】 1. invasive adj. 入侵的 2. species n. 物种 3. landscape n. 地貌；风景 4. symbiotic adj. 共生的 5. feed v. 进食；喂养 6. cover n. 掩护；遮蔽处 7. protect v. 保护 8. destroy v. 破坏；摧毁 9. stable adj. 稳定的 10. population n.（动植物）种群；人口 11. behaviour n. 行为；习性 12. force v. 迫使，强迫 13. tiny adj. 微小的 14. rule v. 主宰；统治 Passage 1 Every year in May and June, large groups of Tibetan antelopes (藏羚羊) move from their home to another place for having baby antelopes. To get to the place. they must cross the Qinghai-Tibet Highway. In 2004, the Green River started the Traffic Lights for Tibetan Antelopes program. By setting up temporary (临时的) traffic lights, the environmental protection group wants to help the animals cross the highway safely. The Green River has been protecting the environment of the Yangtze River headwaters (源头) for about 20 years. Zou Zhuogang is a volunteer in it. He was a traffic police officer from Shenzhen before. He joined in the Green River’s program for Tibetan antelopes. Now every year Zou travels to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (青藏高原) to provide voluntary service. The Green River set up some nature protection stations along the Qinghai-Tibet Highway. Last month, Zou went to visit the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. His trip started from the Golmud nature protection station in Golmud City and covered five other stations. “There is a lot of rubbish along the way and it may pollute the Yangtze River. We started a program at the Golmud station. People can get food for collecting rubbish.” Zou said. “To make more people join us, we also provide a special service at No.1 Yangtze River Post Office. Visitors can get a cup of coffee for taking away a bag of rubbish to the rubbish collection centre in Golmud City.” 1．Why did the Green River start a program in 2004? A．To help clean the Yangtze River. B．To help the animals have more babies. C．To help with the heavy traffic along the highway. D．To help Tibetan antelopes cross the highway safely. 2．What do we know about Zou Zhuogang from Para.3? A．He is a traffic police officer in the plateau. B．He often visits the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. C．He joined the Green River 20 years ago. D．He travels to Shenzhen once a month. 3．How many nature protection stations did Zou’s trip cover? A．Five. B．Six. C．Seven. D．Eight. 4．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．More people would like to join in the program. B．Zou started a program by himself at the Golmud station. C．The Green River is trying hard to solve the rubbish problem. D．The Golmud station provides food or drinks for every visitor. Passage 2 Napoga is a 12-year-old girl in Ghana, Africa. It is hard for her family to get clean water. Every morning, she leaves home at half past five to get clean water for her family in a village far away. It takes her six hours to get enough clean water for daily cooking and drinking. She has no time to go to school or to play with her friends. Millions of people in the world are like Napoga. They can’t get enough clean water to keep healthy. Earth Day is April 22nd. But on all other days, we must also remember it. The water we use is the most important natural resource (自然资源) on the earth. Water covers 70 percent of the earth’s surface (表面). But most of that is sea water. We can’t use it for very many things. Fresh water covers only one percent of the earth’s surface. You probably feel lucky that your life isn’t as hard as Napoga’s, but that doesn’t mean you don’t have to worry about water. We all face serious water problems. One of them is water pollution. All kinds of things from cars, factories, farms and homes make our rivers, lakes, and oceans dirty. Polluted water is very bad for people to drink. And dirty water is bad for fish, too. Now, thirty-four percent of all kinds of fish are dying out. How do cars and factories make our water dirty? First, they pollute the air. Then, when it rains, the rain water comes down and makes our drinking water dirty. Dirty rain, called acid rain (酸雨), is also bad for plants, animals and buildings. Scientists say that in 30 years, more than half of the people in the world won’t have enough clean water. We have to learn how to save more water for ourselves and our children. Here is some advice for saving water. ·Turn off the water while you brush your teeth. You can save as much as 450 liters (升) each month. ·Leaky taps (漏水的龙头) waste a lot of water. Fix them right away. ·You can easily cut your 10-minute showers in half, and you’ll be just as clean. ·When you wash dishes, don’t let the water run. ·Only wash clothes when you have a lot to wash. If your washing machine isn’t full, you are wasting water! 5．Why can’t Napoga go to school? A．Because her family is poor. B．Because she doesn’t like studying. C．Because she has to take care of her little brother. D．Because she has to get clean water for her family. 6．From the passage, what information do we know about the water on the earth? A．There is 70% of fresh water. B．We don’t need to worry about water. C．There is very little water for our living. D．Sea water is more widely used than fresh water. 7．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．It’s time to take care of the water we use. B．Water is the most important natural resource on the earth. C．Something must be done to prevent water from being polluted. D．Clean water means much to human beings and living things around us. Passage 3 What happens to your computers, MP3 players and cellphones when they’re broken or you want a new one? Most people just throw them away. In 2014, people around the world produced 41.8 million tons of electronic waste (e-waste) and only recycled 6.5 million tons, producing 7.1 million tons of waste. China ranked second, with 6 million tons. It’s important to pay attention to e-waste. It can either be valuable or harmful, depending on how we treat it. “E-waste is a valuable ‘urban mine (城市矿藏)’,” said David Malone, the UN under-secretary-general (副秘书长). The gold, silver, iron (铁) and copper (铜) in e-waste around the world are worth some ＄52 billion (322.1 billion yuan). These materials can be reused and help us save resources. “But if people throw their electronics away, toxic (有毒的) chemicals can get into the soil or air, affecting the environment and people’s health.” Malone said. To help reduce e-waste, the first thing we can do is to buy longer-lasting electronic devices. If you have unwanted electronics, such as aging toys or cellphones, find a new home for them by giving them to charities. You can also see if there are any companies that offer recycling programs for their products. Apple, for instance, now offers people a discount (折扣) in China if they hand in their used devices when buying new ones. The company will test and repair the used devices and sell them at lower prices. 8．When a computer is broken or no longer wanted, most people usually ________. A．throw it away B．sell it to a second-hand shop C．put it in a closet D．donate it to a charity 9．How much e-waste was recycled in 2014? A．41.8 million tons. B．6.5 million tons. C．7.1 million tons. D．6 million tons. 10．The valuable materials in e-waste do NOT include ________. A．silver B．copper C．steel D．iron 11．Which of the following is TRUE? A．China produced the most electronic waste in 2014. B．E-waste does more harm to the environment than to people’s health. C．People can buy new devices at lower price if they sell their old ones. D．Some electronics companies have their own recycling programs. 12．What does the story mainly tell us? A．How much e-waste people produce each. B．What people can do to make money from e-waste. C．Why and how we should recycle our e-waste. D．How e-waste has affected the environment. Passage 4 ①The world’s highest ski place, Chacaltaya, was closed after the 18,000-year-old glacier melted (冰川融化) in 2009. Many scientists agree that the glaciers around the world could disappear in this century, much faster than we thought. ②As we all know, the reason for this is global (全球的) warming. When certain gas such as carbon dioxide (CO₂) is largely emitted (排放) into the atmosphere, it causes the greenhouse effect (效应) which makes Earth warmer. ③As Earth becomes warmer, glaciers melt quickly, and dark rocks are uncovered. Then these rocks take in more heat, causing the temperature to rise. As a result, the remaining snow on glaciers melts faster. ④The effects of global warming will be far-reaching and often devastating (毁灭性的). While the melting of glaciers may flood (淹没) some areas of Earth, in other places, it is making water disappear. An increasing number of heat waves and droughts (干旱) worldwide will also change the face of the world in the future. ⑤Global warming is a real problem, and one largely caused by human activity. Solving the problem is not easy, and there is no single magic way. However, we can begin it by lowering the amount of CO₂ in our daily lives. ⑥Peter Miller, along with his wife, took part in a scientific test to see how much CO₂ they could cut down in a month. The average (平均) U.S. household produces about 80 kilos of CO₂, which was more than twice the European average and almost five times the global average. Their final goal was to make less CO₂ than most American families. ⑦First, they found out how much CO₂ they were producing. Then they asked an expert for advice on how to reduce CO₂ emissions. According to the expert’s advice, they made some changes to their house, replaced their lights, and changed some of their living habits. At the same time, they either biked, walked, or used public transportation. A month later, they saved 70% on electricity, 40% on gas, and drove half as much as others. Their daily CO₂ emissions were less than the U.S. average, at 32 kilos. ⑧Protecting our planet starts small: change a light, open a window, walk or bike. With a little effort, and not much money, most of us can make a difference. 13．Why was the ski place, Chacaltaya, closed in 2009? A．Because the ski place was too old. B．Because few tourists came to this place. C．Because the ski place was too high to reach. D．Because the 18,000-year-old glacier melted. 14．How does the writer show that Peter succeeded in the scientific test? A．By listing numbers. B．By asking questions. C．By giving explanations. D．By giving suggestions. 15．Which of the following can match the information in the passage? A． B． C． D． 16．Which of the following shows the structure of this passage? A． B． C． D． Passage 5 From forests to cities, birds can be seen almost everywhere in our lives. Birds are more than lovely flyers—they play an 17 role in balancing nature. Many birds feed on pests like insects and mice, which helps 18 crops and reduce disease spread. Some birds also help with 19 plants and spreading seeds, making them vital for our food supply. What’s more, birds act as “environmental messengers.” Their presence or decline can show the health of the 20 . Human activities such as cutting 21 forests and pollution are threatening their homes. 22 , more people are starting to realize this problem. So bird-protecting activities are becoming increasingly 23 . We need to 24 that protecting birds is protecting ourselves. Simple acts like planting native flowers can 25 birds a safe home. Birds are our natural friends, and their presence helps us build a 26 ecosystem—one that brings a better life for all humans. Let’s work together to care for birds. 17．A．important B．convenient C．funny D．boring 18．A．harm B．protect C．waste D．destroy 19．A．pollinating B．watering C．growing D．picking 20．A．family B．city C．ecosystem D．school 21．A．back B．off C．down D．up 22．A．Moreover B．Besides C．Therefore D．However 23．A．popular B．difficult C．boring D．expensive 24．A．question B．doubt C．refuse D．understand 25．A．lend B．offer C．borrow D．take 26．A．good B．healthy C．great D．wonderful Passage 6 Coral reefs (珊瑚礁)are like the rainforests of the sea. They may be small, but they 27 a very important role in the ocean ecosystem (生态系统). About 25% of all ocean fish live around coral reefs at some time in their lives. Coral reefs are not just rocks. They are made up of tiny animals called corals. These corals need warm water and lots of sunlight to grow. However, today coral reefs are in great 28 . The ocean is getting warmer because of climate change, and this makes the corals turn white and die. Also, people throw plastic and other waste into the sea, which 29 the water dirty. When corals die, the fish that live there lose their 30 . Then, bigger fish that eat those small fish will also have no food to eat. The 31 of the sea becomes broken. It is like a building with a weak foundation (地基). Many countries are taking 32 to save the coral reefs. Scientists are teaching local fishermen how to protect the reefs while catching fish. Some areas have become protected zones (保护区) where people cannot fish or swim 33 . We all need to do our part. Small actions, like reducing plastic use, can 34 a big difference. If we don’t 35 now, we might lose these beautiful underwater gardens forever. It is our duty to keep the balance of 36 . 27．A．lose B．play C．miss D．find 28．A．danger B．surprise C．trouble D．order 29．A．lets B．makes C．keeps D．notices 30．A．homes B．food C．energy D．air 31．A．peace B．silence C．balance D．noise 32．A．action B．place C．time D．care 33．A．quickly B．quietly C．freely D．wildly 34．A．take B．make C．get D．have 35．A．act B．help C．stop D．start 36．A．country B．nature C．city D．space 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 7 The natural world生态系统及其保护 单元阅读精练 模块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 Passage 1 阅读理解 说明文 317 本文讲述了非洲最大的湖泊维多利亚湖水位下降，以及由此给当地居民和生态带来的严重问题。 Passage 2 阅读理解 说明文 358 本文介绍了一种入侵肯尼亚的大头蚁及其破坏性，强调了微小的生物也可能对生态系统产生重大影响。 实战演练 Passage 1 阅读理解 说明文 259 本文讲述了中国青海-西藏地区为保护藏羚羊而采取的措施，特别是“绿灯为藏羚羊”项目的实施情况。 Passage 2 阅读理解 说明文 437 本文讲述水资源问题并介绍了造成水污染的原因，并号召节约用水，提出节约用水的若干建议。 Passage 3 阅读理解 说明文 273 本文讲述了废弃的电子垃圾对环境和健康有害，建议买更耐用的电子设备并且回收电子产品。 Passage 4 阅读理解 说明文 412 本文介绍了全球变暖的相关内容，呼吁人们环保生活。 Passage 5 完形填空 说明文 182 本文讲述了鸟类在平衡自然中的重要作用，。强调保护鸟类即是保护人类，共建健康生态。 Passage 6 完形填空 说明文 251 本文介绍了珊瑚礁的重要作用、生存危机，并呼吁人们行动保护珊瑚、维持自然平衡。 Passage 1 Lake Victoria is the largest lake in Africa. It is also the second-largest lake in the world. It is an important lake because it is one of the sources for the longest river in the world, the Nile River. Lake Victoria provides a source of water, food, and power for several African countries. Lake Victoria is a big part of African life. Unfortunately, Lake Victoria has a problem. It is shrinking. There are several power stations at Lake Victoria in Uganda. These are on the Nile River, and besides producing power, they keep the water of the lake at a certain level. For the past forty years, that level has been 11.9 meters. Over the last several years, the water level has dropped by about 2.5 meters. There seem to be several reasons for this drop. One possible reason is drought (干旱). Drought has been very bad in the area since 2000. Lake Victoria gets all of its water from rain, so the drought means less water in the lake. However, some environmentalists believe that the real problem is the power plants (factories) on Lake Victoria. Uganda depends on those power plants for most of its power, and they made the power plants larger in 2000. Many people believe the power plants have been taking too much water off Lake Victoria. As a result, they have been asked to use less water until Lake Victoria goes back to its old level. Whether the low water level is caused by drought or power plants, the result is the same. This is already a poor area of Africa, where many people live a really hard life. People, animals and plants around Lake Victoria will suffer even more from low water levels on the lake. Many people need Lake Victoria for fishing or growing food. Fish need the water to live, and animals need it for water. 维多利亚湖是非洲最大的湖泊，也是世界第二大湖泊。它十分重要，因为它是世界最长河流——尼罗河的水源之一。维多利亚湖为多个非洲国家提供水源、食物与能源，是非洲人生活的重要组成部分。 遗憾的是，维多利亚湖正面临一个难题：湖面面积正在缩减。乌干达境内的维多利亚湖畔建有多座发电站。这些发电站坐落于尼罗河上，除了发电之外，还维持着湖泊的固定水位。过去四十年里，湖泊水位一直维持在11.9米。但近几年，水位已经下降了约2.5米。造成水位下降似乎有多重原因。 其中一个可能的原因是干旱。自2000年以来，该地区干旱情况十分严重。维多利亚湖的水源全部来自降雨，因此干旱意味着湖泊水量减少。 然而，部分环保人士认为真正的问题出在湖畔的发电厂。乌干达大部分能源都依赖这些发电厂，并且该国在2000年扩大了发电厂的规模。很多人认为发电厂从维多利亚湖抽取了过多的湖水。因此，相关发电厂被要求减少取水量，直到维多利亚湖水位恢复原有水平。 无论低水位是由干旱还是发电厂造成，带来的后果都是一样的。这已经是非洲的贫困地区，许多人生活本就十分艰难。维多利亚湖周边的人类、动植物都会因湖泊水位降低遭受更大的苦难。很多人依靠湖泊捕鱼、耕种粮食；鱼类需要湖水生存，动物也需要湖水来维持生命。 【长难句分析】 1.原句：It is an important lake because it is one of the sources for the longest river in the world, the Nile River. 译文：它十分重要，因为它是世界最长河流——尼罗河的水源之一。 分析：本句为主从复合句。because引导原因状语从句；the Nile River作the longest river in the world的同位语，用来解释说明这条长河的名称。 2.原句：Uganda depends on those power plants for most of its power, and they made the power plants larger in 2000. 译文：乌干达大部分能源都依赖这些发电厂，并且该国在2000年扩大了发电厂的规模。 分析：并列句，由并列连词and连接两个独立分句；固定搭配depend on…for…表示“依靠……获取……”；“make +宾语+形容词比较级”表示“使……变得更大”。 3.原句：Whether the low water level is caused by drought or power plants, the result is the same. 译文：无论低水位是由干旱还是发电厂造成，带来的后果都是一样的。 分析：whether…or…引导让步状语从句，表示“无论……还是……”；从句为被动语态is caused by，意为“由……所造成”。 【重难词汇梳理】 1. source n. 源头，来源 2. provide v. 提供 3. unfortunately adv. 不幸地，遗憾地 4. shrink v. 缩小，缩减 5. level n. 水位；水平 6. drop v. 下降，降低 7. drought n. 干旱 8. environmentalist n. 环保人士 9. depend v. 依靠，依赖 10. result n. 结果 11. suffer v. 遭受，受苦 12. fishing n. 捕鱼，渔业 13. power n. 电力；能量 Passage 2 An invasive species (入侵物种) of ant is changing the way lions hunt and eat in Kenya, according to a new study. Lions hide behind whistling thorn trees before they hunt zebras. However, since the big-headed ants arrived, the number of whistling thorn trees has fallen. The big-headed ant is one of the world's worst invasive species. This means it is not from the area. The ants arrived in Kenya from southern Africa about 15 years ago, and since then have been attacking the acacia ants—ants that have lived there long ago. Acacia ants live in and look after the whistling from trees that spread over the landscape. In the “symbiotic relationship (共生关系)”, the acacia ants feed on the trees and use them for cover. In return, they protect the trees from animals that might eat too much of them, like elephants or giraffes. They do this by moving and attacking together. Big-headed ants eat acacia ants and their eggs. As a result, the number of acacia ants is falling. Big-headed ants don’t protect whistling thorn trees either, so with fewer acacia ants, the trees are in trouble. Professor Todd Palmer, one of the study’s writers, and his team, found that in areas where big-headed ants appear, elephants destroy (破坏) five to seven times more trees than in areas without big-headed ants. This means the landscape is more open and zebras are better able to find any lion following them. Zebra that are killed in these areas are three times lower than in tree-filled places. The good news is that the lion population remains stable (稳定的) because lions are looking elsewhere for their lunch—they seem to be hunting buffalo (野牛) instead of zebras. This probably means that the tiny ants have caused lions to change their behaviour too, forcing them to hunt in larger groups for the bigger, heavier buffalo. Professor Palmer said, “We often find it’s the little things that rule the world.” 一项新研究表明，一种入侵蚂蚁正在改变肯尼亚狮子捕猎与进食的方式。狮子捕猎斑马前会躲在哨刺金合欢树后方。然而，自从大头蚁到来之后，哨刺金合欢树的数量已经下降。 大头蚁是全球危害最严重的入侵物种之一，也就是说它并非本土物种。大约15年前，这种蚂蚁从非洲南部来到肯尼亚，从那以后它们就一直在攻击金合欢蚁——一种早已栖息于此的蚂蚁。 金合欢蚁生活在哨刺金合欢树上并照料这些遍布这片土地的树木。在这种共生关系中，金合欢蚁以树木为食，并借助树木藏身。作为回报，它们保护树木，使其免受大象、长颈鹿这类会过度啃食树木的动物伤害，它们依靠集体出动、协同攻击来完成这项防御。 大头蚁捕食金合欢蚁以及蚁卵。结果就是，金合欢蚁的数量不断减少。大头蚁也不会保护哨刺金合欢树。因此金合欢蚁变少后，这些树木就陷入危机。 该研究的作者之一托德·帕尔默教授及其团队发现：在大头蚁出现的区域，大象破坏树木的数量是没有大头蚁区域的五到七倍。这就使得这片地域更加开阔，斑马更容易发现追踪自己的狮子。在这些区域被猎杀的斑马数量，比树木茂密的地区低三倍。 好消息是狮子种群数量依旧保持稳定，因为狮子会另寻猎物果腹——它们似乎不再捕猎斑马，转而捕猎野牛。这或许说明，小小的蚂蚁也促使狮子改变了自身习性，迫使狮子结成更大群体，去捕猎体型更大、更笨重的野牛。帕尔默教授说：“我们常常发现，正是微小的事物主宰着这个世界。” 【长难句分析】 1. 原句：Professor Todd Palmer, one of the study’s writers, and his team, found that in areas where big‑headed ants appear, elephants destroy five to seven times more trees than in areas without big‑headed ants. 译文：该研究的作者之一托德·帕尔默教授及其团队发现，在大头蚁出现的区域，大象破坏树木的数量是没有大头蚁区域的五到七倍。 分析：本句主干为`Professor Todd Palmer and his team found that…`；`one of the study’s writers`作同位语，补充说明人物身份；that引导宾语从句；宾语从句内部嵌套where引导的定语从句修饰areas；句中包含`five to seven times more`倍数比较结构。 2. 原句：In the “symbiotic relationship”, the acacia ants feed on the trees and use them for cover. In return, they protect the trees from animals that might eat too much of them, like elephants or giraffes. 译文：在这种“共生关系”中，金合欢蚁以树木为食，并借助树木藏身。作为回报，它们保护树木，使其免受大象、长颈鹿这类会过度啃食树木的动物伤害。 分析：第二句为主句+that引导定语从句，that修饰先行词animals；固定搭配`protect…from…`表示“保护……免受……”；like elephants or giraffes作举例插入成分。 3. 原句：This probably means that the tiny ants have caused lions to change their behaviour too, forcing them to hunt in larger groups for the bigger, heavier buffalo. 译文：这或许说明，小小的蚂蚁也促使狮子改变了自身习性，迫使狮子结成更大群体，去捕猎体型更大、更笨重的野牛。 分析：主句主干`This means that…`；that引导宾语从句；`have caused lions to change`为从句谓语部分；逗号后`forcing…`是现在分词作结果状语，表示蚂蚁带来的间接后果。 【重难词汇梳理】 1. invasive adj. 入侵的 2. species n. 物种 3. landscape n. 地貌；风景 4. symbiotic adj. 共生的 5. feed v. 进食；喂养 6. cover n. 掩护；遮蔽处 7. protect v. 保护 8. destroy v. 破坏；摧毁 9. stable adj. 稳定的 10. population n.（动植物）种群；人口 11. behaviour n. 行为；习性 12. force v. 迫使，强迫 13. tiny adj. 微小的 14. rule v. 主宰；统治 Passage 1 Every year in May and June, large groups of Tibetan antelopes (藏羚羊) move from their home to another place for having baby antelopes. To get to the place. they must cross the Qinghai-Tibet Highway. In 2004, the Green River started the Traffic Lights for Tibetan Antelopes program. By setting up temporary (临时的) traffic lights, the environmental protection group wants to help the animals cross the highway safely. The Green River has been protecting the environment of the Yangtze River headwaters (源头) for about 20 years. Zou Zhuogang is a volunteer in it. He was a traffic police officer from Shenzhen before. He joined in the Green River’s program for Tibetan antelopes. Now every year Zou travels to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (青藏高原) to provide voluntary service. The Green River set up some nature protection stations along the Qinghai-Tibet Highway. Last month, Zou went to visit the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. His trip started from the Golmud nature protection station in Golmud City and covered five other stations. “There is a lot of rubbish along the way and it may pollute the Yangtze River. We started a program at the Golmud station. People can get food for collecting rubbish.” Zou said. “To make more people join us, we also provide a special service at No.1 Yangtze River Post Office. Visitors can get a cup of coffee for taking away a bag of rubbish to the rubbish collection centre in Golmud City.” 1．Why did the Green River start a program in 2004? A．To help clean the Yangtze River. B．To help the animals have more babies. C．To help with the heavy traffic along the highway. D．To help Tibetan antelopes cross the highway safely. 2．What do we know about Zou Zhuogang from Para.3? A．He is a traffic police officer in the plateau. B．He often visits the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. C．He joined the Green River 20 years ago. D．He travels to Shenzhen once a month. 3．How many nature protection stations did Zou’s trip cover? A．Five. B．Six. C．Seven. D．Eight. 4．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．More people would like to join in the program. B．Zou started a program by himself at the Golmud station. C．The Green River is trying hard to solve the rubbish problem. D．The Golmud station provides food or drinks for every visitor. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．B 4．C 【解析】本文主要讲述了中国青海-西藏地区为保护藏羚羊而采取的措施，特别是“绿灯为藏羚羊”项目的实施情况。 1．细节理解题。根据文中“By setting up temporary traffic lights, the environmental protection group wants to help the animals cross the highway safely.”可知，计划旨在帮助藏羚羊安全通过公路。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“Now every year Zou travels to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to provide voluntary service.”可知，他经常前往青藏高原。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“His trip started from the Golmud nature protection station in Golmud City and covered five other stations.”可知，他的行程共涉及了六个保护站点，故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“We started a program at the Golmud station. People can get food for collecting rubbish.”和“Visitors can get a cup of coffee for taking away a bag of rubbish…”可知，绿色江河正在努力解决垃圾问题。故选C。 Passage 2 Napoga is a 12-year-old girl in Ghana, Africa. It is hard for her family to get clean water. Every morning, she leaves home at half past five to get clean water for her family in a village far away. It takes her six hours to get enough clean water for daily cooking and drinking. She has no time to go to school or to play with her friends. Millions of people in the world are like Napoga. They can’t get enough clean water to keep healthy. Earth Day is April 22nd. But on all other days, we must also remember it. The water we use is the most important natural resource (自然资源) on the earth. Water covers 70 percent of the earth’s surface (表面). But most of that is sea water. We can’t use it for very many things. Fresh water covers only one percent of the earth’s surface. You probably feel lucky that your life isn’t as hard as Napoga’s, but that doesn’t mean you don’t have to worry about water. We all face serious water problems. One of them is water pollution. All kinds of things from cars, factories, farms and homes make our rivers, lakes, and oceans dirty. Polluted water is very bad for people to drink. And dirty water is bad for fish, too. Now, thirty-four percent of all kinds of fish are dying out. How do cars and factories make our water dirty? First, they pollute the air. Then, when it rains, the rain water comes down and makes our drinking water dirty. Dirty rain, called acid rain (酸雨), is also bad for plants, animals and buildings. Scientists say that in 30 years, more than half of the people in the world won’t have enough clean water. We have to learn how to save more water for ourselves and our children. Here is some advice for saving water. ·Turn off the water while you brush your teeth. You can save as much as 450 liters (升) each month. ·Leaky taps (漏水的龙头) waste a lot of water. Fix them right away. ·You can easily cut your 10-minute showers in half, and you’ll be just as clean. ·When you wash dishes, don’t let the water run. ·Only wash clothes when you have a lot to wash. If your washing machine isn’t full, you are wasting water! 5．Why can’t Napoga go to school? A．Because her family is poor. B．Because she doesn’t like studying. C．Because she has to take care of her little brother. D．Because she has to get clean water for her family. 6．From the passage, what information do we know about the water on the earth? A．There is 70% of fresh water. B．We don’t need to worry about water. C．There is very little water for our living. D．Sea water is more widely used than fresh water. 7．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．It’s time to take care of the water we use. B．Water is the most important natural resource on the earth. C．Something must be done to prevent water from being polluted. D．Clean water means much to human beings and living things around us. 【答案】5．D 6．C 7．A 【解析】本文主要讲述水资源问题并介绍了造成水污染的原因，并号召节约用水，提出节约用水的若干建议。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段“Every morning, she leaves home at half past five to get clean water for her family in a village far away. It takes her six hours to get enough clean water for daily cooking and drinking. She has no time to go to school or to play with her friends.”可知，Napoga不能上学，是因为她每天需要花费6个小时去离家很远的地方为家人取日常做饭和喝的水。故选D。 6．推理判断题。根据第三段“Fresh water covers only one percent of the earth’s surface.”可知，淡水仅覆盖地球表面的百分之一，故推断出地球上可供我们生活使用的淡水非常少。故选C。 7．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文通过描述水资源短缺和污染问题，强调了我们需要保护和节约用水的重要性。故选A。 Passage 3 What happens to your computers, MP3 players and cellphones when they’re broken or you want a new one? Most people just throw them away. In 2014, people around the world produced 41.8 million tons of electronic waste (e-waste) and only recycled 6.5 million tons, producing 7.1 million tons of waste. China ranked second, with 6 million tons. It’s important to pay attention to e-waste. It can either be valuable or harmful, depending on how we treat it. “E-waste is a valuable ‘urban mine (城市矿藏)’,” said David Malone, the UN under-secretary-general (副秘书长). The gold, silver, iron (铁) and copper (铜) in e-waste around the world are worth some ＄52 billion (322.1 billion yuan). These materials can be reused and help us save resources. “But if people throw their electronics away, toxic (有毒的) chemicals can get into the soil or air, affecting the environment and people’s health.” Malone said. To help reduce e-waste, the first thing we can do is to buy longer-lasting electronic devices. If you have unwanted electronics, such as aging toys or cellphones, find a new home for them by giving them to charities. You can also see if there are any companies that offer recycling programs for their products. Apple, for instance, now offers people a discount (折扣) in China if they hand in their used devices when buying new ones. The company will test and repair the used devices and sell them at lower prices. 8．When a computer is broken or no longer wanted, most people usually ________. A．throw it away B．sell it to a second-hand shop C．put it in a closet D．donate it to a charity 9．How much e-waste was recycled in 2014? A．41.8 million tons. B．6.5 million tons. C．7.1 million tons. D．6 million tons. 10．The valuable materials in e-waste do NOT include ________. A．silver B．copper C．steel D．iron 11．Which of the following is TRUE? A．China produced the most electronic waste in 2014. B．E-waste does more harm to the environment than to people’s health. C．People can buy new devices at lower price if they sell their old ones. D．Some electronics companies have their own recycling programs. 12．What does the story mainly tell us? A．How much e-waste people produce each. B．What people can do to make money from e-waste. C．Why and how we should recycle our e-waste. D．How e-waste has affected the environment. 【答案】8．A 9．B 10．C 11．D 12．C 【解析】本文主要讲述了废弃的电子垃圾对环境和健康有害，建议买更耐用的电子设备并且回收电子产品。 8．细节理解题。 根据第二段“Most people just throw them away.”可知，当电脑坏了或不再被需要时，大多数人通常会把它扔掉。故选A。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段“In 2014...only recycled 6.5 million tons”可知，2014年回收了650万吨电子垃圾。故选B。 10．细节理解题。 根据第四段“The gold, silver, iron (铁) and copper (铜) in e-waste around the world...”可知，电子垃圾中没有钢。故选C。 11．细节理解题。根据最后一段“You can also see if there are any companies that offer recycling programs for their products. Apple, for instance, now offers people a discount (折扣) in China if they hand in their used devices when buying new ones. The company will test and repair the used devices and sell them at lower prices.”可知，一些电子公司有自己的回收项目。故选D。 12．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了废弃的电子垃圾对环境和健康有害，建议买更耐用的电子设备并且回收电子产品。即这篇文章主要告诉我们为什么以及如何回收我们的电子垃圾。故选C。 Passage 4 ①The world’s highest ski place, Chacaltaya, was closed after the 18,000-year-old glacier melted (冰川融化) in 2009. Many scientists agree that the glaciers around the world could disappear in this century, much faster than we thought. ②As we all know, the reason for this is global (全球的) warming. When certain gas such as carbon dioxide (CO₂) is largely emitted (排放) into the atmosphere, it causes the greenhouse effect (效应) which makes Earth warmer. ③As Earth becomes warmer, glaciers melt quickly, and dark rocks are uncovered. Then these rocks take in more heat, causing the temperature to rise. As a result, the remaining snow on glaciers melts faster. ④The effects of global warming will be far-reaching and often devastating (毁灭性的). While the melting of glaciers may flood (淹没) some areas of Earth, in other places, it is making water disappear. An increasing number of heat waves and droughts (干旱) worldwide will also change the face of the world in the future. ⑤Global warming is a real problem, and one largely caused by human activity. Solving the problem is not easy, and there is no single magic way. However, we can begin it by lowering the amount of CO₂ in our daily lives. ⑥Peter Miller, along with his wife, took part in a scientific test to see how much CO₂ they could cut down in a month. The average (平均) U.S. household produces about 80 kilos of CO₂, which was more than twice the European average and almost five times the global average. Their final goal was to make less CO₂ than most American families. ⑦First, they found out how much CO₂ they were producing. Then they asked an expert for advice on how to reduce CO₂ emissions. According to the expert’s advice, they made some changes to their house, replaced their lights, and changed some of their living habits. At the same time, they either biked, walked, or used public transportation. A month later, they saved 70% on electricity, 40% on gas, and drove half as much as others. Their daily CO₂ emissions were less than the U.S. average, at 32 kilos. ⑧Protecting our planet starts small: change a light, open a window, walk or bike. With a little effort, and not much money, most of us can make a difference. 13．Why was the ski place, Chacaltaya, closed in 2009? A．Because the ski place was too old. B．Because few tourists came to this place. C．Because the ski place was too high to reach. D．Because the 18,000-year-old glacier melted. 14．How does the writer show that Peter succeeded in the scientific test? A．By listing numbers. B．By asking questions. C．By giving explanations. D．By giving suggestions. 15．Which of the following can match the information in the passage? A． B． C． D． 16．Which of the following shows the structure of this passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】13．D 14．A 15．B 16．A 【解析】本文主要介绍全球变暖的相关内容，呼吁人们环保生活。 13．细节理解题。根据“The world’s highest ski place, Chacaltaya, was closed after the 18,000-year-old glacier melted (冰川融化) in 2009.”可知，世界上海拔最高的滑雪场查卡尔塔亚(Chacaltaya)因为冰川于2009年融化后关闭。故选D。 14．细节理解题。根据“The average (平均) U.S. household produces about 80 kilos of CO₂, which was more than twice the European average and almost five times the global average. Their final goal was to make less CO₂ than most American families.”可知，作者通过列数字证明彼得在科学测试中成功了。故选A。 15．细节理解题。根据“As Earth becomes warmer, glaciers melt quickly, and dark rocks are uncovered. Then these rocks take in more heat, causing the temperature to rise. As a result, the remaining snow on glaciers melts faster.”可知，随着地球变暖，冰川迅速融化，深色岩石露出地面。然后这些岩石吸收更多的热量，导致温度上升。结果，冰川上剩余的雪融化得更快。故选B。 16．篇章结构题。分析文章内容可知，第一段介绍查卡尔塔亚滑雪场关闭这一事实；第二、三两段介绍原因；第四段介绍全球变暖的影响；第五段建议我们可以从减少日常生活中的二氧化碳排放量，第六、七两段介绍彼得·米勒和他的妻子的试验，来佐证减少二氧化碳排放量是有帮助的，第八段建议人们保护地球从小事做起。故选A。 Passage 5 From forests to cities, birds can be seen almost everywhere in our lives. Birds are more than lovely flyers—they play an 17 role in balancing nature. Many birds feed on pests like insects and mice, which helps 18 crops and reduce disease spread. Some birds also help with 19 plants and spreading seeds, making them vital for our food supply. What’s more, birds act as “environmental messengers.” Their presence or decline can show the health of the 20 . Human activities such as cutting 21 forests and pollution are threatening their homes. 22 , more people are starting to realize this problem. So bird-protecting activities are becoming increasingly 23 . We need to 24 that protecting birds is protecting ourselves. Simple acts like planting native flowers can 25 birds a safe home. Birds are our natural friends, and their presence helps us build a 26 ecosystem—one that brings a better life for all humans. Let’s work together to care for birds. 17．A．important B．convenient C．funny D．boring 18．A．harm B．protect C．waste D．destroy 19．A．pollinating B．watering C．growing D．picking 20．A．family B．city C．ecosystem D．school 21．A．back B．off C．down D．up 22．A．Moreover B．Besides C．Therefore D．However 23．A．popular B．difficult C．boring D．expensive 24．A．question B．doubt C．refuse D．understand 25．A．lend B．offer C．borrow D．take 26．A．good B．healthy C．great D．wonderful 【答案】 17．A 18．B 19．A 20．C 21．C 22．D 23．A 24．D 25．B 26．B 【解析】本文讲述鸟类在平衡自然中的重要作用，虽受威胁但人们已意识到问题并开展保护。强调保护鸟类即是保护人类，共建健康生态。 17．句意：鸟不仅仅是可爱的飞禽——它们在平衡自然中扮演重要角色。 根据“balancing nature”可知作用关键，important“重要的”符合语境。convenient“方便的”；funny“有趣的”；boring“无聊的”不符语境。 18．句意：许多鸟类以昆虫和老鼠等害虫为食，帮助保护庄稼。 根据“feed on pests”吃害虫可知是有益行为，protect符合语境。harm“伤害”、waste“浪费”、destroy“破坏”为负面词汇。 19．句意：一些鸟类还能帮助授粉和传播种子，对我们的粮食供给至关重要。 根据生态功能及“spreading seeds”并列关系，pollinating“授粉”符合语境。watering“浇水”；growing“生长”；picking“采摘”非鸟类主要生态功能。 20．句意：它们数量的增减显示生态系统的健康。 根据“environmental messengers”环境使者及上文自然平衡，ecosystem“生态系统”符合语境。family“家庭”；city“城市”；school“学校”范围过窄。 21．句意：砍伐森林、环境污染等人类活动，正在破坏它们的栖息地。 cut down为固定搭配“砍倒”，此处表示砍伐森林。back、off、up搭配不当。 22．句意：然而，更多人开始意识到这个问题。 前文威胁，后文意识到，表转折，However表示转折。Moreover、Besides表递进，Therefore表因果。 23．句意：鸟类保护活动变得流行。 根据“more people…realize”可知参与度提高，popular“流行的”符合语境；difficult“困难的”；boring“无聊的”；expensive“昂贵的”。不符逻辑。 24．句意：我们需要理解保护鸟类就是保护自己。 根据语境需明白道理，understand“理解”符合语境。question“质疑”；doubt“怀疑”；refuse“拒绝”为负面态度。 25．句意：种植本土花卉这类简单举动，就能为鸟儿提供安全的家园。 offer sb. sth.“提供某物”，offer符合语境。lend、borrow涉及借贷，take意为“拿走”均不符合语境。 26．句意：鸟类是人类天然的伙伴，它们的存在能助力我们构建健康的生态系统，让所有人都能拥有更美好的生活。 根据前文“health of the ecosystem”，healthy与之呼应。good、great、wonderful不如healthy准确。 Passage 6 Coral reefs (珊瑚礁)are like the rainforests of the sea. They may be small, but they 27 a very important role in the ocean ecosystem (生态系统). About 25% of all ocean fish live around coral reefs at some time in their lives. Coral reefs are not just rocks. They are made up of tiny animals called corals. These corals need warm water and lots of sunlight to grow. However, today coral reefs are in great 28 . The ocean is getting warmer because of climate change, and this makes the corals turn white and die. Also, people throw plastic and other waste into the sea, which 29 the water dirty. When corals die, the fish that live there lose their 30 . Then, bigger fish that eat those small fish will also have no food to eat. The 31 of the sea becomes broken. It is like a building with a weak foundation (地基). Many countries are taking 32 to save the coral reefs. Scientists are teaching local fishermen how to protect the reefs while catching fish. Some areas have become protected zones (保护区) where people cannot fish or swim 33 . We all need to do our part. Small actions, like reducing plastic use, can 34 a big difference. If we don’t 35 now, we might lose these beautiful underwater gardens forever. It is our duty to keep the balance of 36 . 27．A．lose B．play C．miss D．find 28．A．danger B．surprise C．trouble D．order 29．A．lets B．makes C．keeps D．notices 30．A．homes B．food C．energy D．air 31．A．peace B．silence C．balance D．noise 32．A．action B．place C．time D．care 33．A．quickly B．quietly C．freely D．wildly 34．A．take B．make C．get D．have 35．A．act B．help C．stop D．start 36．A．country B．nature C．city D．space 【答案】 27．B 28．A 29．B 30．A 31．C 32．A 33．C 34．B 35．A 36．B 【解析】本文是说明文，介绍珊瑚礁的重要作用、生存危机，并呼吁人们行动保护珊瑚、维持自然平衡。 27．句意：它们或许体积不大，却在海洋生态系统中扮演着十分重要的角色。 根据前后文“but they…a very important role in the ocean ecosystem (生态系统).”，固定搭配play a role in（在……中起作用），符合“珊瑚礁在生态系统中发挥作用”的语境。lose（失去）、miss（错过）、find（找到）均不符合“角色/作用”的语义。 28．句意：然而如今，珊瑚礁正处于极大的危险之中。 根据下文“the corals turn white and die”，此处应使用in danger（处于危险中），直接对应珊瑚死亡的危机状态。surprise（惊讶）、order（秩序）与危机无关；trouble（麻烦）虽近义，但in danger更强调生态威胁的严重性。 29．句意：此外，人们向海里丢弃塑料和其他垃圾，这使得海水遭到污染。 根据前后文“people throw plastic and other waste into the sea, which…the water dirty.”，塑料导致水质变脏，应使用make sth. + 形容词（使某物……），符合语法和逻辑。lets（后接动词原形，如let sb. do）；keeps（保持，强调持续状态，此处强调结果）；notices（注意到，与“污染”无关）。 30．句意：当珊瑚死亡，生活在那里的鱼类就会失去它们的家园。 根据前文“When corals die, the fish that live there lose their…”，珊瑚礁是鱼类的栖息地，死亡后鱼类失去“家园”，与后文“lose their...”直接呼应。food（食物，后文才提到食物链影响）；energy（能量）、air（空气）不符合海洋生物生存需求。 31．句意：海洋的生态平衡就会遭到破坏。 根据下文“It is like a building with a weak foundation (地基).”，比喻生态系统“地基不稳”，指“平衡”被打破，与文末“keep the balance”呼应。peace（和平）、silence（安静）、noise（噪音）均与生态系统稳定无关。 32．句意：许多国家正在采取行动拯救珊瑚礁。 根据下文“Scientists are teaching local fishermen how to protect the reefs while catching fish.”，此处应使用take action（采取行动），概括后文具体保护措施。place（地方）、time（时间）、care（关心，搭配 take care of）均不符合"措施"的语义。 33．句意：一些区域设立为保护区，人们不能在此随意捕鱼或游泳。 根据前文“Some areas have become protected zones (保护区) where people cannot fish or swim…”，保护区内禁止“自由”活动，freely（自由地）准确描述限制内容。quickly（快速地）、quietly（安静地）、wildly（疯狂地）均非保护区核心限制。 34．句意：诸如减少塑料使用这类微小举动，就能带来巨大的改变。 根据前后文“can…a big difference.”，应使用固定搭配make a difference（产生影响），指小行动的作用。take、get、have 均不与difference构成固定搭配。 35．句意：如果我们现在不行动，我们可能会永远失去这些美丽的海底花园。 根据前后文“We all need to do our part...might lose these...forever”，此处呼吁“立即行动”，与前文“take action”呼应，强调紧迫性。help（帮助，语义宽泛）；stop（停止，与语境相反）；start（开始，不如act强调具体行动）。 36．句意：维持大自然的平衡是我们的责任。 全文讨论海洋生态系统保护，“keep the balance of nature”（保持自然平衡），概括生态保护的核心。country（国家）、city（城市）、space（太空）均与海洋生态无关。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $