Unit 2 单元词汇讲解【精品课】 2026-2027学年八年级英语上册同步精品课件（新教材人教版）

该初中英语课件围绕“Home Sweet Home”单元，系统讲解家庭场景核心词汇（如bathroom, bedroom）、动词短语（如pack up, clean up）及词汇辨析（如lend与borrow），通过音标、释义、短语、例句构建从基础到应用的学习支架，帮助学生衔接前后知识。 其亮点在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，通过对比表格（如yet与already）、语境化例句（如家务场景）强化词汇应用，拓展词形变化（如invite→invitation）提升学习能力。学生能夯实词汇基础，教师可高效开展词汇教学，助力语言综合运用。

单元词汇精讲 Unit 2 Home Sweet Home bathroom /ˈbɑːθruːm/ n．浴室；洗手间 打扫浴室 clean the bathroom 1.家务之一是打扫浴室. 在浴室里 in the bathroom One of the chores is to clean the bathroom. He is taking a shower in the bathroom. 2.他正在浴室里洗澡. pack /pæk/ v. 打包；收拾 注意: pack up为 “动词+副词”结构,宾语为名词时可位于pack和up之间,也可位于up之后;宾语为代词时只能位于pack up之间. 1.吉姆的爸爸让他打包他的东西. Jim’s dad asks him to pack up his things. =Jim’s dad asks him to pack his things up. Do you finish packing? 2.你收拾完了吗? 打包 pack up There is some food left on the plate. Please pack it up. 3.盘子里有些剩的食物,请把它打包. balcony /ˈbælkəni/ n.阳台 1.彼得将在阳台上种花. 在阳台上 on the balcony Peter will grow flowers on the balcony. We often chat on the balcony in the evening. 2.我们晚上经常在阳台上聊天. bedroom /ˈbedruːm/ n.卧室 1.我的卧室非常整洁和舒适. 在卧室里 in the bedroom My bedroom is very tidy and comfortable. He is sleeping in the bedroom. 2.他正在卧室睡觉. sort /sɔːt/ v.把……分类；整理 n.种类 把...分成... sort ... into ... 1.吉姆的爸爸让他把东西分类放进盒子里. 把...从...中挑选出来 sort ... from ... Jim’s dad asks him to sort things into boxes. We should sort the rubbish before throwing it away. 2.我们应该在扔垃圾前把垃圾分类. ① vt. 把...分类;整理 Please sort the bad apples from the good ones. 3.请把坏苹果从好的里面挑出来. sort /sɔːt/ v.把……分类；整理 n.种类 1.-你喜欢哪一类音乐? -What sort of mucic do you like? -Oh, all sorts. 2.-噢,哪一类都喜欢. ②cn.种类(相当于kind/type) hang up 挂起；挂断电话 1.请把你的外套挂在挂钩上. ①挂起 Please hang up your coat on the hook. 注意:hang的过去式为hung. 我说完再见就挂了电话. ②挂断电话 I said goodbye and hung up. 2.他脱下了外套并把它挂了起来. He took off his coat and hung it up.(代放中) invite /ɪnˈvaɪt/ v.邀请 邀请某人去某地/参加某项活动 invite sb to+地名/活动名称 1.彼得问 “妈妈，我能邀请我的朋友来我们的新家吗？” 邀请某人做某事 invite sb to do sth Peter asks, “Mum, can I invite my friends to our new house?” I want to invite my classmates to my birthday party. 2.我想邀请我的同学来我的生日派对. invite v.邀请 拓展:相关词形变化 invitation n.邀请 He happily accepted the invitation to his friend’s home. 1.他开心地接受了去朋友家的邀请. 接受邀请 accept an invitation 拒绝邀请 turn down an invitation She turned down my invitation. 2.她拒绝了我的邀请. living room 客厅 1.他在客厅里养鱼. 在客厅 in the living room He keeps fish in the living room. We usually watch TV in the living room. 2.我们通常在客厅看电视. arrival /əˈraɪvl/ n.到达 1.我们到达伦敦后,先去游览了伦敦眼. ...的到来 the arrival of... After our arrival in London, we went to visit the London Eye first. 若表示达到某地,应与介词in或at连用. We are all excited about the arrival of the new year. 2.我们都对新年的到来感到兴奋. arrival n.达到 拓展:相关词形变化 arrive vi.到达 He arrived in Beijing at 8:00 this morning. 1.他今早上八点到了北京. 到达... arrive in/at+地名 到达... arrive+地点副词 Peter usually arrives home at 5:00. 2.彼得通常五点到家. yet /jet/ adv.(用于否定句和疑问句)还 conj. 但是 1.他还没有完成他的家庭作业. He hasn’t finished his homework yet. ①adv.(用于否定句和疑问句)还 Well, it’s not ‘grandma clean’ yet! 2.嗯，还不是 ‘奶奶（要求的那种）干净. 这辆车看起来很旧了,但是它行驶起来性能很好. The car looks old, yet it runs very well. ②conj.但是 辨析: yet 与already yet already 多用于疑问句或否定句,谈论尚未发生但可能发生的事. 多用于肯定句,用于强调某事已经发生,或某种情形已经开始出现;用于 “疑问句”时,表示 “惊奇,意外”之意. He is __________ a middle school student. 1.他已经是一名中学生了. The guests haven’t arrived _________. 2.客人们还没有到. already yet add /æd/ v.添加；加 把...加入... add sth to sth 使...增加 add to... Please remember to add some honey. 1.请记得加一些蜂蜜. Do you want to add your name to the list? 2.你想把你的名字加到名单里吗? (把...)加起来 add up 总共是;总计为 add up to The TV adds to our happiness. 3.电视增加了我们的快乐. go shopping 去购物 1.我去购物了,并给父母买了东西. I went shopping and bought something for my parents. 相当于do the shopping Let’s go shopping this weekend. 2.我们这个周末去购物吧. biscuit /ˈbɪskɪt/ n.饼干 1.他喜欢做饼干. 做饼干 make biscuits He likes making biscuits. My grandma makes delicious biscuits. 2.我的奶奶做美味的饼干. borrow /ˈbɒrəʊ/ v.借 1.海伦，我能借你的国际象棋吗？ 向某人/从某地借某物 borrow sth form sb/somewhere Helen, can I borrow your chess set? 表示主语借用别人的东西. I want to borrow a storybook from my classmate. 2.我想向同学借本故事书. 借某人某的某物 borrow one’s sth 辨析: yet 与already lend borrow “借给;借出”,指主语把自己的东西 “借出”给别人使用. “借;接用”,指主语从别人处 “借入”东西自己使用. 注意:borrow 和lend是短暂性动词,不能与表示时间段的状语连用. lend sb sth = lend sth to sb borrow sth from sb = borrow one’s sth keep sth for some time 借用某物一段时间 2.尼克从图书馆借了一本书,然后把它借给我了.我可以借看一周. Nick ________ a book from the library and he _________ it to me. I could ________ it for a week. 1. 我可以借用你的英语书吗? Can I ________ your English book? borrow borrowed lent keep 图解 plan /plæn/ v.策划；打算 n.计划；方案 计划/打算做某事 plan to do sth 1.我们可以为我的朋友们策划一场寻宝游戏. We can plan a treasure hunt for my friends. She plans to visit her grandparents this Sunday. 2.她计划本周日去看望祖父母. ① vt. 计划;打算 过去式为_________, 现在分词为___________. planned planning plan /plæn/ v.策划；打算 n.计划；方案 (为...)制定计划 make a plan (for...) 1.他们为新学期制定了一个计划. They made a plan for the new term. We always make plans to do something interesting. 2.我们总是制定计划一起做有趣的事. ② cn. 计划;方案 制定计划做某事 make a plan to do... make plans to do... hunt /hʌnt/ n.搜寻；狩猎 v.搜寻；打猎 寻宝游戏 treasure hunt 1.孩子们在寻宝游戏中玩得很开心. The kids had great fun in the treasure hunt. They went on a hunt last weekend. 2.他们上周末去打猎了. ①n.搜寻;狩猎 去打猎 go on a hunt hunt /hʌnt/ n.搜寻；狩猎 v.搜寻；打猎 寻找... hunt for... 1.孩子们正在海滩上寻找贝壳. The children are hunting for shells on the beach. Lions sometimes hunt alone. 2.狮子们有时单独猎食. ②v.搜寻;打猎 treasure /ˈtreʒə(r)/ n.宝物；财富 v.珍视 这家博物馆里有许多艺术珍品. There’re many art treasures in the museum. ①cn.宝物;珍宝;珍品(常用复数形式) 他们在河边发现了一些被藏起来的财宝. They found some hidden treasure by the river. ②un.财富;珠宝;金银财宝 我珍视我们的友谊. I treasure our friendship. ②vt.珍视 lift /lɪft/ n.搭便车；电梯 v.举起；抬起 ①n.搭便车 爸爸，你今天下午能顺路载我去商店吗？ Dad, could you please give me a lift to the shop this afternoon? 它在八楼,咱们乘电梯吧. It’s on the eighth floor. Let’s take the lift. ②n.电梯(指箱式电梯) 开车顺便送某人 give sb a lift lift /lɪft/ n.搭便车；电梯 v.举起；抬起 ③vt.举起;抬起 1.妈妈把宝宝举了起来. The mom lifted her baby up. 举起某物 lift sth up 2.她再一次举起手来敲门. She lifted her hand to knock at the door once again. until /ənˈtɪl/ prep./conj. 到……时；直到……为止 until作介词,后接名词或名词短语;也可作连词,引导时间状语从句. “not…until…直到…才…” 1.他看书一直到晚上十一点半.(肯定句). He read until 11:30pm. 2.他直到晚上十一点半才去睡觉.(否定句) He did not go to bed until 11:30pm. 延续性动词 非延续性动词 until作介词,后接名词或名词短语;也可作连词,引导时间状语从句. ①肯定句“到…时;直到…为止” 注意:主句谓语动词须是延续性动词(非瞬间动词) 他与父母住在一起直到他结婚. He lived with his parents until he got married. ②否定句(not…until…) “直到…才…” 注意:主句谓语动词常为非延续性动词(瞬间动词) 直到Amy许了愿,我们才切蛋糕. We didn’t cut the cake until Amy made a wish. be careful with 注意；当心 相当于be careful of/about... 1.请当心别打碎我的眼镜. Please be careful with my glasses. 2.你应该注意你的发音. You should be careful of your pronunciation. 拓展: 当心/注意(不要)做某事 be careful (not) to do sth 注意被吵醒宝宝. Be careful not to wake the baby. 当心/注意... be careful that+从句 当心被感冒了. Be careful that you don’t catch a cold. movie /ˈmuːvi/ cn.电影 去看电影 go to the movies 1.我想从事电影业. I want to work in the movies. Let’s go to the movies. 2.咱们去看电影吧. 电影业 the movies 拓展: ‘看电影’的表达: see/watch a film/movie see/watch films/movies go to the cinema go to see a movie dead /ded/ adj.不运行的；死的 ①不运行的 手机没电了，没法打电话. The phone is dead, so I can't call. 他的猫死了.由于它的死,他很伤心. His cat is _______. He is very sad because of its _________. ②死的 dead adj.死的 death n.死亡 die v.死亡 dead death note /nəʊt/ n.笔记；记录； 便条 v.注意；指出 take notes 1.认真记笔记对学好英语很重要. Taking notes carefully is important for learning English well. She left a note for Helen on the table. 2.她在桌子上给Helen留了张便条. ①cn.笔记;记录;便条 make notes write notes 做笔记;做记录 note /nəʊt/ n.笔记；记录； 便条 v.注意；指出 note down 1.请注意他是怎么游泳的. Please note how he swims. I noted down the lecture. 2.我记下了演讲(lecture)的内容. ②vt.注意;指出 记录;记下 clean up 清扫 1.他周末经常帮助父母打扫他们的房间. He often helps his parents clean up their room on weekends. Your room is dirty. You should clean it up. 2.你的房间脏了,你应该把它打扫干净. 注意: clean up为 “动词+副词”结构,宾语为名词时可位于clean和up之间,也可位于up之后;宾语为代词时只能位于clean up之间. clean-up n. 清扫;清理 We must give our classroom a good clean-up. 我们必须把教室好好清扫一下. community /kəˈmjuːnəti/ n.社区；社团 clean up the community 1.你和你的同学们想帮助清扫社区. You and your classmates want to help clean up the community. He refused to join any community. 2.他拒绝了加入任何社团. 复数形式为: communities 清扫社区 rubbish /ˈrʌbɪʃ/ un.垃圾 垃圾桶 rubbish bin 1.你能去倒垃圾吗？ Could you take out the rubbish? Don't throw rubbish on the ground. 2.别把垃圾扔地上. 倒垃圾 take out the rubbish almost /ˈɔːlməʊst/ adv.差不多；几乎 注意: 它与nearly同义,常位于实义动词之前,系动词be,情态动词或助动词之后. 1.这差不多到春节了. It’s almost the Spring Festival. I almost forget to write to him. 2.我几乎忘记给他写信. journey /ˈdʒɜːni/ n.旅行；历程；v.旅行 1.火车旅行花费了七个多小时. The train journey took more than seven hours. They will go on a long journey next month. 2.他们下个月将进行一次长途旅行. 去旅行 go on a journey 辨析: journey, trip, travel与tour journey trip travel tour n.陆上长途旅行 n.陆上短途旅行 I’ll make a long _________ this vacation. 1.这个假期我要作一次长途旅行. He is __________ in Hainan. 2.他正在海南旅行. journey travelling n./v.旅行,游历 n./v.途中在许多地方作短暂停留的观光游览 3.他去香港进行了三日游. 4.我们花了四个星期周游欧洲. He made a three-day ________ to Hong Kong. We spent four weeks ___________ around Europe. tour touring pull /pʊl/ v.拉；拖；拔 把...拉进...里 pull ... into ... 1.爷爷帮我们把沉重的行李拖进屋里. 把...从...中拉/拽出来 pull ... out of ... Grandpa helped us pull the heavy luggage into the house. ① vt.拉;拖;拔;拽(反义词为push,意为 “推”) You can pull the book out of the shelf if you need it. 2.你如果需要这本书,可以从书架上把它拽出来. Please pull the door. Don’t push it. 3.请拉门,不要推门. pull /pʊl/ v.拉；拖；拔 我猛地一拉,门就开了. I gave the door a sharp pull and it opened. ②n. 拉;拖;拽 luggage /ˈlʌɡɪdʒ/ n.行李 我们需要拿着行李下火车. 沉重的行李 heavy luggage We need to take our luggage and get off the train. share sth with sb 把…… 与某人分享 1.我和我的表妹分享了零食,还跟爷爷讲了学校的事. I shared the snacks with my cousin and told Grandpa about school. ①把某物与某人分享 It’s necessary for kids to learn to share their ideas with friends. 2.对孩子们来说,学会和朋友们分享他们的想法很有必要. 我和我妹妹共用一个房间. I share a room with my sister. ②和某人公用某物 拓展: Let’s share the candies among our friends at the party. 1.咱们在聚会上把糖果分给朋友们吧. 在某人间分配某物 share sth between/among sb 分摊/分享某物 share in sth Tom and I share in the expense every month. 2.汤姆和我每个月分摊花销(expense). familiar /fəˈmɪliə(r)/ adj.熟悉的 对某人来说...是熟悉的(主语常为物) ... be familiar to sb 熟悉/通晓某事物(主语常为人) be familiar with sth 常在句中作表语或定语. The smell is very familiar to me. 1.我很熟悉这种气味. I’m not familiar with her poetry. 2.我不熟悉她的诗作(poetry). I smelt a familiar smell. 3.我闻到了一种熟悉的气味. joke /dʒəʊk/ n.笑话； v.开玩笑 讲笑话 tell a joke/jokes 1.他讲了一个有趣的笑话，把我们逗笑了. 开某人的玩笑 play a joke on sb He told a funny joke and made us laugh. He likes telling jokes. 2.他喜欢讲笑话. ① cn.笑话;玩笑 Tom played a joke on me just now. 3.汤姆刚才拿我开了个玩笑. joke /dʒəʊk/ n.笑话； v.开玩笑 1.我从来不拿钱开玩笑. I never joke about money. Are you joking? 2.你在开玩笑吧? ②vi.开玩笑 several /ˈsevrəl/ pron.几个；一些 ； adj.各自的 我们中的几个去了那里. Several of us went there. ①pron.几个;一些;数个 几天后,他们就回来了. Several days later, they came back. ②adj.几个;数个;一些(修饰可数名词复数) 他们道别后便各自走了. They said goodbye and went their several ways. ②adj.各自的 nod /nɒd/ v.&n.点(头) 向某人点头致意 nod to/at sb Mum nodded, with tears in her eyes. 1.妈妈点了点头，眼里含着泪水. ① v. 点头;点头致意(过去式为________,现在分词为__________) I nodded to him. 2.我向他点头致意. nodded nodding 点头 nod one’s head He greeted us with a nod of the head. 他向我们点点头打招呼. ②n.点头 writer /ˈraɪtə(r)/ cn.作者 一位著名的作者 a famous writer Mo Yan is a great writer in China. 莫言是中国一位伟大的作家. 那位著名的作家去年写了一部经典小说. The famous _________ _________ a classic novel last year. writer cn. write v.写 writer wrote 注意:过去式为______, 现在分词为_________. wrote writing text /tekst/ n.正文;文本 v.(用手机给某人)发短信 短信 text message 1.请在回答问题之前仔细阅读文本. Please read the text carefully before answering the questions. I received a text message from my friend this morning. 2.我今天早上收到了朋友的短信. ① n.正文;文本 ②v.(用手机给某人)发短信 玛丽到家后给我发了短信. Mary texted me when she got home. describe /dɪˈskraɪb/ v.描述;形容 向某人描述… describe…to sb 1.在文本中，用了哪些词来描述人们的感受？ 把…描述成… describe …as… In the text, what words are used to describe people’s feelings? He is describing the criminal to the police. 2.他正在向警察描述那个罪犯. She describes girls as flowers. 3.她把女孩描述成花朵. 拓展: describe v.描述;形容 description n.描述 …的描述 a description of… That’s a description of you. 那是对你的描述. wherever /weərˈevə(r)/ adv.&conj.无论去哪里； 在任何地方 ①conj.无论去哪里;在任何地方 相当于no matter where. 1.无论你去哪里,记住你是中国人. Remember you are Chinese wherever you go. 1.你在任何地方都能找到朋友. You can find friends wherever. ②adv.无论去哪里;在任何地方;究竟在哪儿 2.无论他去哪里,他都会带上他的相机. Wherever he goes, he will bring his camera. 2.你究竟从哪里弄来的那些版画? Wherever did you pick up those prints? matter /ˈmætə(r)/ v.要紧； n.问题 1.怎么了? What’s the matter? 1.-对不起,我打碎了你的杯子. -没关系. -Sorry, I broke your cup. -It doesn’t matter. ②v. 要紧(不用于进行时) 2.他们有些重要的问题要讨论. They had important matters to discuss. 2.最要紧的是你应该认真写字. What matters most is that you should write carefully. ①cn.问题 no matter 无论;不论; 不要紧 1.无论你是谁,你必须遵守规则. No matter who you are, you must follow the rules. 2.无论我做什么决定,我的父母都支持我. My parents support me no matter what decision I make. 与what, who, when, where, how 等疑问词连用,引导让步状语从句.(从句放于主句前后均可) 注意:主将从现 拓展: “no matter+疑问词” 结构相当于 “疑问词+-ever” no matter how=however(无论怎样) no matter what=whatever(无论什么) no matter when=whenever(无论何时) no matter where=wherever(无论在哪里) perhaps /pəˈhæps; præps/ adv.也许;可能 1.也许我们明天会去公园. Perhaps we will go to the park tomorrow. 2.也许他不会来. Perhaps he won’t come. 辨析:perhaps, probably 与maybe perhaps probably maybe 可能性不大,相当于maybe,但比maybe正式 在这三者中可能性最大,常用于肯定句 ________________ they wouldn’t like us to come. 1.也许他们不想让我们来. He ____________ won’t come here. 2.他大概不会来这儿. Maybe/Perhaps probably 可能性不大,常用于句首 还表示委婉的建议或要求 plate /pleɪt/ n.盘子；碟子 一盘... a plate of... 桌子上有一盘水果. There is a plate of fruit on the table. freshly /ˈfreʃli/ adv.刚刚 通常后接过去分词. 1.我买了一些刚烤好的面包. I bought some freshly baked bread. 2.在聚会上,每个人都带来一道刚烹饪好的菜肴来分享. At the party, everyo brought a freshly cooked dish to share. fresh adj.新产的;新进的;新鲜的 This morning I bought some fresh vegetables. 今早上我买了一些新鲜蔬菜. smell /smel/ v.发臭；闻到 ； n.气味；臭味 这些食物坏了,开始发臭. The food went bad and started to smell. ①vi.发臭(过去式:smelled/smelt) 你闻到什么东西烧焦了吗? Do you smell something burning? ②vt.闻到 晚饭闻起来很香. Dinner smells good. ③系动词. 有/发出...气味(其后跟adj) smell /smel/ v.发臭；闻到 ； n.气味；臭味 1.他散发出一股难闻的气味. It gives off a nice smell. ④气味;臭味 2.这是一股什么臭味? What’s that smell? joy /dʒɔɪ/ n.喜悦；乐趣 给某人带来欢乐 bring joy to sb 高兴地 with joy She danced with joy. 1.她高兴地跳起舞来. To my great joy, they came to my party. 2.使我感到非常高兴的是,他们来参加了我的派对. 使某人高兴地是 to one’s joy ...的乐趣 the joy of... Your arrival brings joy to us. 3.你们的到来给我们带来了欢乐. apartment /əˈpɑːtmənt/ n.房间；公寓套房 公寓楼 apartment building 他住在一个小公寓套房里. He lives in a small apartment. 一套公寓 an apartment block /blɒk/ n.大楼；街区； 大块 公寓楼 apartment block There is a new apartment block across the street. 街对面有一座新的公寓大楼. ① cn.大楼(常指公寓,办公,教学,医院等的大楼) 办公大楼 an office block ②cn.街区 She took the dog for a walk around the block. 他带着狗绕街区散步. block /blɒk/ n.大楼；街区； 大块 一大块... a block of He picked up a block of wood and carried it inside. 他捡起一大块木头,把它搬了进去. ③cn.大块 ④v.阻挡;堵塞 A fallen tree is blocking the road. 1.一棵倒下的树把路阻断了. The thick clouds blocked the sunlight. 2.厚厚的云层挡住了阳光. decorate /ˈdekəreɪt/ v.装饰；装潢 用……装饰…… decorate...with... It was fun to decorate your room last month. 1.上个月装饰你的房间很有趣. We decorate the Christmas tree with lights and balls. 2.我们用彩灯和彩球装饰圣诞树. decoration n.装饰;装潢 My mom and I made some DIY decorations. 我和妈妈做了一些手工装饰品. cover /ˈkʌvə(r)/ v.遮盖；包括 ； n.遮盖物；封皮 用...遮盖... cover...with... He covered his face with his hands. 1.他用双手捂住脸. ① vt.遮盖 被...覆盖 be covered with... The mountain is covered with thick snow all year round. 2.那座山终年被厚厚的雪覆盖. cover /ˈkʌvə(r)/ v.遮盖；包括 ； n.遮盖物；封皮 The book covers many interesting stories avout animals. 这本书包括许多关于动物的有趣故事. ② vt.包括 ③n.遮盖物;封皮 You can use a cover to cover the pan. 1.你可以用一个盖子盖上平底锅. The cover of the book is nice. 2.这本书的封面很漂亮. poster /ˈpəʊstə(r)/ n.海报 一张电影海报 a movie poster There is a poster on the wall. 墙上有一张海报. scissors /ˈsɪzəz/ n.剪刀 一把剪刀 a pair of scissors I need a pair of scissors to cut the paper. 我需要一把剪刀来剪纸. glue /ɡluː/ n.胶水 ； v.粘贴 I made a modal out of paper and glue. 我用纸和胶水制作了一个模型. ①un.胶水 ②vt.粘贴 She glued the label onto the box. 1.他把标签贴在箱子上. Glue the two pieces of cardboard together. 2.把这两张硬纸板粘在一起. paper cutting n.剪纸 制作剪纸 make paper-cuts She learned to make beautiful paper-cuts from her grandmother. 她从奶奶那里学会了制作精美的剪纸. /ˈpeɪpə kʌt/ 剪纸艺术 paper-cut ar 传统剪纸 traditional paper-cut 剪纸作品 paper-cut works null 263541.16 $