Unit 8 The world of literature（复习讲义）英语新教材译林版九年级上册
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摘要：
该初中英语单元复习讲义以“文学”主题为核心，通过表格系统梳理复习要点与重难点，分模块呈现重点单词、短语、句型，核心知识点解析结合对比表格与语境串记，语法部分聚焦if和unless条件状语从句，构建从基础积累到语法应用的知识脉络。
讲义亮点在于练习设计融入文学元素，如完形填空改编自《鲁滨逊漂流记》片段，培养文化意识；语法填空围绕“文学的力量”主题，提升语言能力。核心知识点通过辨析对比（如run out与run out of）培养思维品质，练习题分层设计，基础题与综合题兼顾不同学生，助力教师实施精准教学与学生自主复习。
内容正文：
Unit 8 The world of literature（复习讲义)
复习要点
1、围绕“文学”主题，介绍自己最喜欢的文学作品及作家。
2、重点掌握相关词汇、短语和句子及15个核心知识点
复习重难点
if和unless引导的条件状语从句
单元考点：单词、短语、句型
一．重点单词
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动词
1. 发出铃声;（使）发出钟声ring
名词
2. 短篇小说short story
3. 树枝branch
4. 床边bedside
5. 愤怒,怒气anger
6. 公寓套房apartment
7. 杰作masterpiece
8. 傻瓜fool
9. 展销会;集市fair
10.（戏剧等）一幕;行为;表演act
11. 敌人enemy
12. 著作,作品writing
13. 意象;图像image
14. 失去;损失loss
15. 镜子mirror
16. 敲门声,敲击声knock
17. 问题;关乎……的事情matter
18. 门铃doorbell
形容词
19. 最优秀的;典型的;典雅的classic
20. 未能,无法unable
21. 持久的lasting
副词
22. 事实上,的确actually
23. 普遍地,广泛地widely
二．重点短语
1. 从容不迫,慢慢来take one's time
2. 有意义,讲得通make sense
3. 与……有关have (...) to do with
4. 谈及;提及talk of
5. 掉下,落下drop off
6. 同时at the same time
7. 在寒冷的室外out in the cold
8. 和某人讨论某事discuss sth with sb
9. ……的魅力the charm of ...
10. 在于,存在lie in
11. 谋生make a living
12. 投入时间和精力put in time and energy
13. 错失获利（或取乐等）的机会miss out on sth
14. 用完,耗尽run out of
15. 在……的结尾at the end of
16. 书展a book fair
17. 是……的结果come of
18. 出现,露面show up
19. 赶快,急忙（做某事）hurry up
20. 上学迟到be late for school
21. 习惯（做）某事get used to (doing) sth
22. 领某人参观（某地）show sb around (someplace)
23. 取得巨大成就make great achievements
三．重点句型
1. ——基蒂,你最喜欢哪种文学作品？——我最喜欢短篇小说,因为就算我很忙,也能读。
—What type of literature do you like best, Kitty?
—I like short stories best because I can read them even when I'm busy.
2. 琼西躺在那里,很瘦,很安静,并且正发着高烧。
Johnsy lay there, very thin and very quiet, and burning with a fever.
3. 这根本讲不通。一棵老树和你有什么关系？
It doesn't make any sense. What does an old tree have to do with you?
4. 他总是说要画一幅杰作,但还没开始。
He had always talked of painting a masterpiece, but he had yet to start it.
5. 经过一夜的狂风暴雨,树上仍残留着一片深绿色的叶子。
After a night of beating rain and wild wind, there was still one dark green leaf left on the tree.
6. 他生病是因为整夜待在寒冷的户外（画画）。
He was ill because of being out in the cold all night.
7. 难道你没有想过为什么风吹的时候它从来不动?
Didn't you ever wonder why it never moved when the wind was blowing?
8. 像欧·亨利的许多短篇小说一样,这个故事的魅力在于它出人意料的结局。
Like many of O. Henry's short stories, the charm of the story lies in its surprise ending.
9. 正是这片叶子,给了一位病重的年轻女子希望,并帮助挽救了她的生命。
It is a leaf that gives hope to a very sick young woman and helps save her life.
10. 如果你想读结局出人意料的故事,可以读一读欧·亨利的作品。
If you want to read a story with a surprise ending, you should try an O.Henry story.
11. 有时候,若不细细品读,就很难真正领略优秀文学作品的魅力。
Sometimes it can be hard to fully enjoy good literature unless you read it carefully.
12. 他的作品饱含浓烈的情感,且充满自然意象。
His writings are full of strong feelings and images of nature.
13. 他的诗歌向读者展现了他对大自然力量的敬畏。
His poems show the readers his respect for the power of the natural world.
14. ——有没有让你印象深刻的书？——当然。沈从文的小说《边城》让我印象很深。
—Are there any books that have impressed you?
—Sure. The novel《The Border Town》by Shen Congwen has impressed me a lot.
15. 它教会我：真正的幸福并非源于财富,而是来自友善待人。
It teaches me that real happiness comes not from wealth but from treating others with kindness.
16. 刚开始会有点困难,但我相信你会习惯这个城市的生活的。
It will be a little difficult at first, but I'm sure you'll get used to life in this city.
四．核心知识点解析
知识点1： Classic example典型范例 教材P107
[解析] classic adj. 最优秀的；典型的；典雅的
classic case意为“典型案例”， classic style意为“经典风格”。
The Legend of the White Snake is a classic Chinese folk tale, well-known in Jiangsu. 《白蛇传》是中国经典民间故事，在江苏家喻户晓。
This was a classic case of what not to do. 这是一个典型的不该做什么的例子。
[拓展] classic 名词，意为“经典作品；名著；杰作；优秀的典范”。
modern classics意为“现代名著”。
A Dream of Red Mansions is a classic of Chinese literature.《红楼梦》是中国文学的经典之作。
The professor s reply was a classic.教授的回答很经典。
classical 形容词，意为“古典的”， classicist 名词，意为“古典学者；古典主义者”。
[语境串记]The classicist has a deep love for classical Chinese literature and art.这位古典主义者深爱中国古典文学与艺术。
知识点2： Yes, it's often hard to understand a poem at first, but if you take your time, you'll find the beauty in it.
是啊，诗歌通常一开始很难理解，但如果你慢慢品读，就会发现其中的美。教材P107
[解析] take one's time 从容不迫，慢慢来
take one's time over sth. 在某事上磨蹭
take one's time (in) doing sth. 做某事慢条斯理
You can take your time. 你可以慢慢来。
Tourists can take their time enjoying the beautiful views of Suzhou gardens.游客们可以慢慢欣赏苏州园林的美景。
[链接]含take的动词短语总结：
take apart拆卸，拆散
take away消除，解除
take down写下；记录
take in吸入；欺骗
take off起飞；脱下
take on呈现
take over占上风；接替
take up占用(时间);占据(空间)
Reporters took down every word of his speech. 记者把他讲的每一句话都记录了下来。
She took me in completely with her story. 她用谎话把我完全蒙蔽了。
知识点3： It doesn't make any sense. 这根本讲不通。 教材P108
[解析] make sense有意义，讲得通
make no sense 意为“毫无意义；讲不通”；
make sense of sth. 意为“理解、弄懂某事”
The plan makes sense. 这个计划合理。
It is hard to make sense of some ancient rules in the city. 很难理解这座城市的一些古老规定。
[拓展] common sense意为“常识”， have a sense of ... 意为“有...感”。
Many students in Suzhou have a sense of pride in their beautiful gardens.苏州许多学生对美丽的园林有自豪感。
知识点4： What does an old tree have to do with you? 一棵老树和你有什么关系? 教材P108
[解析] have (...) to do with与...有
have something to do with与...有
have anything to do with与...有任何关系(多用于否定句、疑问句)
have nothing to do with与...毫无关系
The art of paper-cutting has something to do with Yangzhou's traditional culture.剪纸艺术与扬州传统文化有关。
This story has nothing to do with the history of Nanjing. 这个故事与南京历史无关。
知识点5： Are there such fools? 有这样的傻瓜吗? 教材P109
[解析] fool n. 傻瓜 fool在句中可作主语、宾语或表语。
make a fool of sb. 意为“愚弄某人”
He s such a fool to believe that lie. 他居然信那种谎话，真是个傻瓜。
[拓展] fool 动词，意为“欺骗；愚弄”。 fool sb. 意为“欺骗某人”
fool sb. into doing sth. 意为“哄骗某人做某事”
You fooled me into believing their promises. 你骗得我相信了他们的承诺。
foolish 形容词，意为“愚蠢的”
It would be foolish to ignore her advice. 不听她的劝告才傻呢。
知识点6： ... but he has never actually started it. ...从未真正开始。教材P111
[解析] actually adv. 事实上，的确
actually在句中作状语，位置灵活，可在句首、句中或句末。
Actually+整个句子 意为“事实上…”
Actually, Yangzhou paper-cutting has a long history. 事实上，扬州剪纸历史悠久。
Many people think it is easy, but it actually needs lots of practice.很多人觉得简单，但它实际上需要大量练习。
[拓展] actual 形容词，意为“真实的；实际的”
[语境串记]The actual skill is great. Actually, all visitors love it. 真实的技艺十分精湛。事实上，所有游客都很喜欢。
知识点7： If you ... to be a writer, you ... widely and often.如果你...成为一名作家，你广泛且经常...教材P112
[解析] widely adv. 普遍地，广泛地
widely在句中可作状语，修饰动词、形容词或整个句子。
read widely广泛阅读； widely different大不相同； be widely used被广泛使用。
Yangzhou fried rice is widely loved across China. 扬州炒饭在中国广受喜爱。
The term is widely used in everyday speech. 这个术语在日常用语中被广泛使用。
The idea is now widely accepted. 这个思想现在已获得普遍接受。
He was not widely known outside China. 他在中国以外并不广为人知。
[辨析]
wide
形容词，意为“宽的”
具体宽度(可测量)
副词，意为“充分地”
指嘴巴、眼睛、门、路等实际张开/变宽
widely
副词，意为“广泛地；普遍地”
抽象范围的广度或认知的普遍性，
指使用、传播、知道、接受等范围广
[一言辨异] The door is wide open and this style is widely used in old Suzhou houses.门大大地敞开着，这种样式在苏州老房子里被广泛使用。
知识点8： Unless we run out of time 除非我们没时间了 教材P114
[解析] run out of用完，耗尽
run out of后必须接宾语(即被耗尽的物品),不可单独使用，主语通常是人。
run out of money花光钱； run out of time用完时间； run out of energy耗尽体力；
run out of food/water吃完食物/喝完水。
Many tourists run out of money when shopping in Suzhou. 很多游客在苏州购物时花光了钱。
[辨析] run out run out of
sth. run out
意为“用完，耗尽”，是不及物动词短语，其主语通常是某物，
表示“某物用完了”，用主动语态表示被动意义
sb. run out of sth.
意为“用完…”,是及物动词短语，其主语只能是人，
of后跟某物，表示“某人用完某物”
[一言辨异]
We ran out of water during the hike, and soon our patience ran out too.徒步旅行期间我们用完了水，很快我们的耐心也耗尽了。
We ran out of time, so our chance ran out. 我们用完了时间，于是我们的机会耗尽了。
知识点9： All other joys are my enemy 世间所有欢愉皆非我所爱 P115
[解析] enemy n. 敌人 enemy在句中可作主语、宾语或表语。
an enemy of... 意为“…的敌人”
make an enemy of sb. 意为“与某人结仇”
Frogs are natural enemies of pests in the fields. 青蛙是农田里害虫的天敌。
He made an enemy of his boss. 他与老板结了仇。
知识点10： Finally, good literature has lasting values.最后，优秀的文学作品具有持久的价值。教材P116
[解析] lasting adj. 持久的
lasting friendship 长久的友谊；
lasting peace 持久的和平；
lasting beauty 永恒之美；
lasting influence 深远影响。
We hope to build a lasting friendship with friends in Yangzhou.我们希望和扬州的朋友们建立长久的友谊。
[拓展] last 动词，意为“持续；延续”； last 限定词，意为“最后的”。
[语境串记]The meeting will last three hours. and we will discuss the last question at the end.会议将持续三个小时，最后我们会讨论最后一个问题。
知识点11： It tells a story about love, loss and personal growth.它讲述了一个关于爱、失去与个人成长的故事。教材P117
[解析] loss n. 失去：损失 loss在句中可作主语或宾语。
the loss of... 意为“...的失去” suffer a loss意为“遭受损失”
It was a great loss for the team. 这对团队来说是一个巨大的损失。
The loss of his money worried him. 丢钱这件事使他发愁。
[拓展] lose 动词，意为“丢失；输掉”： lost 形容词，意为“丢失的；迷路的”。
lose one's way = get lost 意为“迷路”
I lost my wallet yesterday. 我昨天弄丢了我的钱包。
He is hunting for his lost book. 他正在寻找他丢失的书。
知识点12： Julie's neighbour and classmate, Emily, shows up at the door.朱莉的邻居兼同班同学埃米莉上门来访。教材P117
[解析] show up出现，露面 show up后面不加宾语。
show up + 地点/场合 意为“在...出现”
She promised to come, but she didn't show up at last. 她答应来的，最后却没出现。
He didn't show up at the meeting. 他没来开会。
[链接]含show的动词短语总结:
show off 炫耀；卖弄
show the way 指路
show sb. around sp. 带某人参观某地
show interest in 对...表现出兴趣
show respect for sb. 对某人表示尊敬
show one's love 表达某人的爱意
show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 给某人看某物；向某人展示某物
He likes to show off how well he speaks French. 他喜欢向人卖弄他法语讲得有多好。
知识点13： There's a knock at the door, and Julie's mum enters.传来敲门声，朱莉的妈妈走了进来。 教材P118
[解析] knock n. 敲门声，敲击声
a knock at the door意为“敲门声”
There was a knock at the window. 有人敲了一下窗户。
[拓展] knock动词，意为“敲；击；打”
knock at/on the door 敲门
knock into sb. 撞到某人身上
knock down 撞倒，拆毁
knock over 打倒，撞倒
I heard a knock and went to knock back. 我听到一声敲门声，就走过去回敲了一下。
知识点14： Hurry up, Julie. or you'll be late for school. 快点，朱莉，不然你上学要迟到了。 教材P118
[解析] hurry up赶快，急忙(做某事)
hurry up由“hurry(动词)+ up(副词)”构成，强调动作紧迫性，语气直接，常用于祈使句。
Hurry up, or we will be late for the show in Nanjing. 快点，否则我们赶不上南京的演出了。
[拓展]
hurry 动词，意为“赶紧；匆忙”。
hurry to+地点 意为“匆忙赶往某地”；
hurry to do sth. 意为“匆忙去做某事”。
He hurried to finish his homework before going to Nanjing. 他赶在去南京前勿忙完成作业。
I hurried home to tell her the news. 我急忙回家告诉她这个消息。
hurry 名词，意为“匆忙；急忙”。
in a hurry 意为“匆忙；急于”， in no hurry意为“不着急；不匆忙”。
There is no hurry we can enjoy the West Lake slowly.不用急—我们可以慢慢欣赏西湖。
知识点15： The doorbell rings. 门铃响了 教材P118
[解析] ring vi. 发出铃声
ring在此处作不及物动词，后面不直接跟宾语。表示此意时，过去式rang,过去分词rung.
The bell rang loudly. 铃声大声响起。
[拓展] ring作动词，还意为“(使)发出钟声，给...打电话”。
ring the bell意为“按铃；敲钟”， ring sb. (up)意为“给某人打电话”。
The church bells rang. 教堂的钟声响了。
I need to ring my friend up in Yangzhou and invite her to the West Lake scenic area.我要给扬州的朋友打电话，邀请她去西湖风景区。
ring作名词，意为“铃声；戒指：指环；圆形；环状物“。
wear a ring 意为“戴戒指”。
I gave her a ring as a gift. 我送了她一枚戒指作为礼物。
单元语法：if和unless引导的条件状语从句
条件状语从句是指在复合句中表示主句动作发生的条件的句子，一般用连词if或unless引导。
知识点 1if引导的条件状语从句
1.if引导的条件状语从句在句中的位置
if意为“如果”，表示在某种条件下某事很可能发生。if引导的条件状语从句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。当放在主句前面时，通常要用逗号同主句隔开。
We won't go out if it rains tomorrow.如果明天下雨的话，我们就不出去。
If we pay more attention to the earth, we'll have a better world.如果我们多关注地球，我们就会拥有一个更好的世界。
2.if引导的条件状语从句与主句的时态
在含有由if引导的条件状语从句的复合句中，从句在下面几种情况下应使用一般现在时：
(1) 当主句是一般将来时时,如：
If everyone protects the environment, it will become better.如果人人都保护环境，它就会变得更好。
(2)当主句使用must、 may、 can等情态动词时,如：
If it is fine tomorrow, we can go and fly the kite.如果明天天气好，我们可以去放风筝。
(3)当主句是祈使句时,如：
Don't touch the computer if you aren't allowed.没被允许的话，别碰这台电脑。
3.if 引导的条件状语从句与if引导的宾语从句的不同
if引导宾语从句时，意为“是否”，相当于whether，
位于及物动词之后，且宾语从句的时态要根据语境确[LL]定。如果主句用一般现在时，从句可以根据具体情况选用时态;如果主句用一般过去时，从句也要用过去的某种时态。
I don't know if he will come tomorrow.我不知道他明天是否会来。
The boy asked me if I knew the way to the library.那个男孩问我是否知道去图书馆的路。
知识点2unless引导的条件状语从句
unless意为“除非，如果不”，相当于if...not。在含有由unless引导的条件状语从句的复合句中，若主句时态为一般将来时、主句为祈使句或主句中含有情态动词，从句则常用一般现在时。
He is sure to come unless he has something urgent.=He is sure to come if he has nothing urgent.除非有紧急事务，否则他一定会来的。
He cannot see clearly unless he wears glasses.=He cannot see clearly if he does not wear glasses.他不戴眼镜就看不清楚。
（时间：30分钟）
一、词语运用
A)根据中文提示写出单词。
1. You look upset today. Can you tell me what is the ______________(问题)?
2. Art is a ______________(镜子) that shows the beauty and sadness of our daily life.
3. Suddenly, a soft ______________(敲门声) at the door broke the quiet night.
4. No one wants to be seen as a ____________(傻瓜), so we should think carefully before we speak.
5. Will you answer the telephone if it _____________(发出铃声)?
【答案】1. matter 2. mirror 3. knock 4. fool 5. rings
B)根据句意用所给词的正确形式填空。
last give lose enemy write
1. His great _______________ show deep love for his hometown and common people.
2. Brave people never fear their _________________ and always stick to their dreams.
3. Habits in early years may have a(n) __________________ influence on a person s later life.
4. If the boy ______________ another chance tomorrow, he will do it better.
5. The whole academic community felt sad about the ________________ of a great poet.
【答案】1. writings 2. enemies 3. lasting 4. is given 5. loss
二、翻译句子
1.“这和你的失误有关吗”“是的，全是我的错。”
- Does it ______________________________________________ your mistake?
- Yes, it is all my fault.
2. 倘若持续劳作不休息，我们很快就会耗尽体力。
We _______________________________________________ if we keep working without a rest.
3.快点行动，否则你会错过早班车，上学就要迟到了。
____________________________________, or you will miss the early bus and be late for school.
4.他没有在会议上露面，因此我们所有人都十分担心。
____________________________________________ at the meeting, so we all felt very worried.
【答案】1.have anything to do with 2. will soon run out of energy 3. Hurry up 4. He didn't show up
三．完形填空
阅读下面短文，理解大意，然后从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。
One day, I was at sea when a terrible storm came. Strong wind drove the waves high, and the rain 1 down heavily. The ship was in great danger, and the situation was more 2 than I could imagine. All the men on board were so 3 that they could do nothing but cry.
When I woke up, I found myself on a lonely island. I was alive, but I felt 4 . There were no houses, no people and no food. I knew I must keep 5 if I wanted to live.
I decided to make careful 6 for living on the island. I chose a safe place to hide from the rain and wild animals. I also found a strong rope to help me build a shelter.
As days went by, I learned to look for food and protect 7 . I often felt afraid, but I never lost hope. Little by little, I came to know that I must be brave and responsible (负责的) for myself.
From this experience I know that when we face danger, we should never 8 . Even in a very difficult situation, staying calm can make a big difference. I also 9 that courage (勇气) could help me get through hard times.
This hard time taught me what true bravery means. To this day, I still 10 the importance of being brave, hopeful and strong when we are in trouble.
Adapted (改编) from The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe
1．A．sat B．hid C．poured D．flew
2．A．terrible B．normal C．basic D．fast
3．A．relaxed B．silly C．wise D．scared
4．A．harmful B．helpless C．careful D．happy
5．A．calm B．noisy C．soft D．fit
6．A．mistakes B．preparations C．suggestions D．situations
7．A．himself B．herself C．myself D．yourself
8．A．look up B．pick up C．give up D．get up
9．A．connected B．asked C．helped D．learned
10．A．remember B．forget C．spread D．keep
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．A 6．B 7．C 8．C 9．D 10．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，改编自《鲁滨逊漂流记》，讲述主人公在海上遭遇风暴后流落荒岛，并顽强求生，从中收获人生感悟的故事。
【详解】1．句意：狂风掀起巨浪，大雨倾盆而下。
前文描述海上遭遇暴风雨的恶劣天气，poured意为“（雨）倾泻、倾倒”，用来形容大雨，贴合暴风雨的语境；sat“坐”、hid“躲藏”、flew“飞”均不能用来描述下雨，语义不符。
2．句意：船处境十分危险，情况比我想象的还要糟糕可怕。
前文提到船只遇到危险，terrible意为“可怕的、糟糕的”，用来形容危急的处境，符合语境；normal“正常的”、basic“基础的”、fast“快速的”均无法体现险情的严重程度。
3．句意：船上所有人都十分害怕，只能无助地哭泣。
由后文“could do nothing but cry（只能哭泣）”可知人们内心恐惧，scared意为“害怕的”，符合语境；relaxed“放松的”、silly“愚蠢的”、wise“明智的”均与遇险哭泣的情景不符。
4．句意：我活了下来，但是我感到孤立无助。
后文介绍岛上没有房屋、人群和食物，helpless意为“无助的”，契合孤身流落荒岛的处境；harmful“有害的”、careful“仔细的”、happy“开心的”均不符合荒岛求生的心情。
5．句意：我知道，如果想要活下去，我必须保持冷静。
荒岛生存需要稳住心态，calm意为“冷静的”，符合求生的要求；noisy“吵闹的”、soft“柔软的”、fit“健康的”代入句子语义不通顺。
6．句意：我决定为在岛上生活做好周密的准备。
后文写“我”寻找安全藏身地、搭建庇护所，这些都是生存准备工作，preparations意为“准备”，符合语境；mistakes“错误”、suggestions“建议”、situations“情况”均与后文行动不匹配。
7．句意：随着日子一天天过去，我学着寻找食物并且保护我自己。
这句话主语是第一人称I，动作作用于自身，myself意为“我自己”，符合语境；himself“他自己”、herself“她自己”、yourself“你自己”人称不匹配。
8．句意：从这次经历中我明白了，当面临危险的时候，我们永远不要放弃。
后文提到保持冷静会起到很大作用，give up意为“放弃”，符合面对险境不能轻言放弃的文意；look up“查阅”、pick up“捡起”、get up“起床”语义和语境无关。
9．句意：我也认识到勇气能够帮助我渡过艰难的时光。
从亲身经历得到感悟，learned意为“得知、认识到”，符合语境；connected“连接”、asked“询问”、helped“帮助”代入句子逻辑不通。
10．句意：直到今天，当身处困境时，我仍然铭记勇敢、满怀希望和坚强的重要性。
主人公一直没有忘记荒岛求生带来的教训，remember意为“记住、铭记”，符合语境；forget“忘记”、spread“传播”、keep“保持”语义不符合。
四．语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号内所给单词的正确形式。
The Power of Literature
Literature opens 1 whole new world for readers. It includes novels, short stories, poems and many other 2 (form) of writing.
When we read great books, we can travel to different times and meet different 3 (character) without leaving our rooms. Good stories must make sense. If a story doesn’t make sense, readers will soon 4 (lose) interest.
Some stories 5 (be set) in old houses, forests or palaces. Writers use small things 6 as branches, mirrors or bedside tables to create special images.
Many students stop reading because they don’t have enough free time. If you don’t read 7 (regular), you may miss the joy of literature. Try to read for fifteen minutes every night 8 sleep.
Not all writers become famous 9 their lifetime. Many wonderful books remain unknown for years. Later, people find them and they become popular. So don’t give up if you are not successful 10 (immediate). Keep writing and reading!
【答案】1．a 2．forms 3．characters 4．lose 5．are set 6．such 7．regularly 8．before 9．during/in 10．immediately
【导语】本文主要介绍文学的力量，讲述文学作品的体裁、阅读文学的好处、文学作品的创作背景以及给文学创作者的建议，引导人们坚持阅读与写作。
【详解】1．句意：文学为读者打开一个全新的世界。“a whole new world”是固定表达，表示“一个全新的世界”，whole以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。
2．句意：它包含小说、短篇故事、诗歌以及许多其他的写作形式。many other后接可数名词复数，form的复数形式为forms。
3．句意：当我们阅读好书，我们可以穿越到不同的时代，遇见不同的人物，而不用离开我们的房间。different后面接可数名词复数，character的复数形式为characters。
4．句意：如果一个故事讲不通，读者很快就会失去兴趣。will为情态动词，后面接动词原形，因此填lose。
5．句意：一些故事以老房子、森林或者宫殿为背景。主语Some stories和set是被动关系，本句为一般现在时，主语是复数，所以用are set。
6．句意：作家使用像树枝、镜子或者床头柜这类小物件来营造特别的画面。固定搭配such as，表示“例如，像”，用来列举事物。
7．句意：如果你不规律阅读，你可能体会不到文学的乐趣。此处修饰动词read，要用副词，regular的副词形式是regularly。
8．句意：试着在每晚睡觉之前阅读十五分钟。根据语境，表达“在睡觉之前”，填介词before。
9．句意：不是所有作家在他们的有生之年都出名。固定搭配during/in one’s lifetime，表示“在某人的一生当中”，填during或者in。
10．句意：所以如果你没有立刻取得成功，不要放弃。坚持写作和阅读！此处修饰形容词successful，要用副词，immediate的副词形式是immediately。
$Unit 8 The world of literature（复习讲义)
复习要点
1、围绕“文学”主题，介绍自己最喜欢的文学作品及作家。
2、重点掌握相关词汇、短语和句子及15个核心知识点
复习重难点
if和unless引导的条件状语从句
单元考点：单词、短语、句型
一．重点单词
6
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动词
1. 发出铃声;（使）发出钟声
名词
2. 短篇小说
3. 树枝
4. 床边
5. 愤怒,怒气
6. 公寓套房
7. 杰作
8. 傻瓜
9. 展销会;集市
10.（戏剧等）一幕;行为;表演
11. 敌人
12. 著作,作品
13. 意象;图像
14. 失去;损失
15. 镜子
16. 敲门声,敲击声
17. 问题;关乎……的事情
18. 门铃
形容词
19. 最优秀的;典型的;典雅的
20. 未能,无法
21. 持久的
副词
22. 事实上,的确
23. 普遍地,广泛地
二．重点短语
1. 从容不迫,慢慢来
2. 有意义,讲得通
3. 与……有关
4. 谈及;提及
5. 掉下,落下
6. 同时
7. 在寒冷的室外
8. 和某人讨论某事
9. ……的魅力
10. 在于,存在
11. 谋生
12. 投入时间和精力
13. 错失获利（或取乐等）的机会
14. 用完,耗尽
15. 在……的结尾
16. 书展
17. 是……的结果
18. 出现,露面
19. 赶快,急忙（做某事）
20. 上学迟到
21. 习惯（做）某事
22. 领某人参观（某地）
23. 取得巨大成就
三．重点句型
1. ——基蒂,你最喜欢哪种文学作品？——我最喜欢短篇小说,因为就算我很忙,也能读。
— do you like best, Kitty?
—I like best because I can read them even when I'm busy.
2. 琼西躺在那里,很瘦,很安静,并且正发着高烧。
Johnsy there, very thin and very quiet, and .
3. 这根本讲不通。一棵老树和你有什么关系？
It doesn't . What does an old tree you?
4. 他总是说要画一幅杰作,但还没开始。
He had always talked of painting a masterpiece, but he had .
5. 经过一夜的狂风暴雨,树上仍残留着一片深绿色的叶子。
After a night of rain and wild wind, there was still one dark green leaf on the tree.
6. 他生病是因为整夜待在寒冷的户外（画画）。
He was ill in the cold all night.
7. 难道你没有想过为什么风吹的时候它从来不动?
Didn't you ever why it never moved when the wind ?
8. 像欧·亨利的许多短篇小说一样,这个故事的魅力在于它出人意料的结局。
Like many of O. Henry's short stories, the charm of the story .
9. 正是这片叶子,给了一位病重的年轻女子希望,并帮助挽救了她的生命。
It is a leaf that .
10. 如果你想读结局出人意料的故事,可以读一读欧·亨利的作品。
If you want to read a story you should try an O.Henry story.
11. 有时候,若不细细品读,就很难真正领略优秀文学作品的魅力。
Sometimes it you read it carefully.
12. 他的作品饱含浓烈的情感,且充满自然意象。
His writings strong feelings and of nature.
13. 他的诗歌向读者展现了他对大自然力量的敬畏。
His poems show the readers his .
14. ——有没有让你印象深刻的书？——当然。沈从文的小说《边城》让我印象很深。
—Are there any books that have you?
—Sure. The novel《The Border Town》 Shen Congwen has impressed me a lot.
15. 它教会我：真正的幸福并非源于财富,而是来自友善待人。
It teaches me that real happiness comes .
16. 刚开始会有点困难,但我相信你会习惯这个城市的生活的。
It will be a little difficult at first, but I'm sure you'll life in this city.
四．核心知识点解析
知识点1： Classic example典型范例 教材P107
[解析] classic adj. 最优秀的；典型的；典雅的
classic case意为“典型案例”， classic style意为“经典风格”。
The Legend of the White Snake is a Chinese folk tale, well-known in Jiangsu. 《白蛇传》是中国经典民间故事，在江苏家喻户晓。
This was a case of what not to do. 这是一个典型的不该做什么的例子。
[拓展] classic 名词，意为“经典作品；名著；杰作；优秀的典范”。
modern classics意为“现代名著”。
A Dream of Red Mansions is a of Chinese literature.《红楼梦》是中国文学的经典之作。
The professor s reply was a .教授的回答很经典。
classical 形容词，意为“古典的”， classicist 名词，意为“古典学者；古典主义者”。
[语境串记]The has a deep love for Chinese literature and art.这位古典主义者深爱中国古典文学与艺术。
知识点2： Yes, it's often hard to understand a poem at first, but if you take your time, you'll find the beauty in it.
是啊，诗歌通常一开始很难理解，但如果你慢慢品读，就会发现其中的美。教材P107
[解析] take one's time 从容不迫，慢慢来
take one's time over sth. 在某事上磨蹭
take one's time (in) doing sth. 做某事慢条斯理
You can take your time. 你可以慢慢来。
Tourists can enjoying the beautiful views of Suzhou gardens.游客们可以慢慢欣赏苏州园林的美景。
[链接]含take的动词短语总结：
take apart拆卸，拆散
take away消除，解除
take down写下；记录
take in吸入；欺骗
take off起飞；脱下
take on呈现
take over占上风；接替
take up占用(时间);占据(空间)
Reporters every word of his speech. 记者把他讲的每一句话都记录了下来。
She me in completely her story. 她用谎话把我完全蒙蔽了。
知识点3： It doesn't make any sense. 这根本讲不通。 教材P108
[解析] make sense有意义，讲得通
make no sense 意为“毫无意义；讲不通”；
make sense of sth. 意为“理解、弄懂某事”
The plan makes sense. 这个计划合理。
It is hard to some ancient rules in the city. 很难理解这座城市的一些古老规定。
[拓展] common sense意为“常识”， have a sense of ... 意为“有...感”。
Many students in Suzhou have pride in their beautiful gardens.苏州许多学生对美丽的园林有自豪感。
知识点4： What does an old tree have to do with you? 一棵老树和你有什么关系? 教材P108
[解析] have (...) to do with与...有
have something to do with与...有
have anything to do with与...有任何关系(多用于否定句、疑问句)
have nothing to do with与...毫无关系
The art of paper-cutting Yangzhou's traditional culture.剪纸艺术与扬州传统文化有关。
This story the history of Nanjing. 这个故事与南京历史无关。
知识点5： Are there such fools? 有这样的傻瓜吗? 教材P109
[解析] fool n. 傻瓜 fool在句中可作主语、宾语或表语。
make a fool of sb. 意为“愚弄某人”
He s such a to believe that lie. 他居然信那种谎话，真是个傻瓜。
[拓展] fool 动词，意为“欺骗；愚弄”。 fool sb. 意为“欺骗某人”
fool sb. into doing sth. 意为“哄骗某人做某事”
You me into believing their promises. 你骗得我相信了他们的承诺。
foolish 形容词，意为“愚蠢的”
It would be to ignore her advice. 不听她的劝告才傻呢。
知识点6： ... but he has never actually started it. ...从未真正开始。教材P111
[解析] actually adv. 事实上，的确
actually在句中作状语，位置灵活，可在句首、句中或句末。
Actually+整个句子 意为“事实上…”
, Yangzhou paper-cutting has a long history. 事实上，扬州剪纸历史悠久。
Many people think it is easy, but it needs lots of practice.很多人觉得简单，但它实际上需要大量练习。
[拓展] actual 形容词，意为“真实的；实际的”
[语境串记]The skill is great. Actually, all visitors love it. 真实的技艺十分精湛。事实上，所有游客都很喜欢。
知识点7： If you ... to be a writer, you ... widely and often.如果你...成为一名作家，你广泛且经常...教材P112
[解析] widely adv. 普遍地，广泛地
widely在句中可作状语，修饰动词、形容词或整个句子。
read widely广泛阅读； widely different大不相同； be widely used被广泛使用。
Yangzhou fried rice is loved across China. 扬州炒饭在中国广受喜爱。
The term is used in everyday speech. 这个术语在日常用语中被广泛使用。
The idea is now accepted. 这个思想现在已获得普遍接受。
He was not known outside China. 他在中国以外并不广为人知。
[辨析]
wide
形容词，意为“宽的”
具体宽度(可测量)
副词，意为“充分地”
指嘴巴、眼睛、门、路等实际张开/变宽
widely
副词，意为“广泛地；普遍地”
抽象范围的广度或认知的普遍性，
指使用、传播、知道、接受等范围广
[一言辨异] The door is open and this style is used in old Suzhou houses.门大大地敞开着，这种样式在苏州老房子里被广泛使用。
知识点8： Unless we run out of time 除非我们没时间了 教材P114
[解析] run out of用完，耗尽
run out of后必须接宾语(即被耗尽的物品),不可单独使用，主语通常是人。
run out of money花光钱； run out of time用完时间； run out of energy耗尽体力；
run out of food/water吃完食物/喝完水。
Many tourists money when shopping in Suzhou. 很多游客在苏州购物时花光了钱。
[辨析] run out run out of
sth. run out
意为“用完，耗尽”，是不及物动词短语，其主语通常是某物，
表示“某物用完了”，用主动语态表示被动意义
sb. run out of sth.
意为“用完…”,是及物动词短语，其主语只能是人，
of后跟某物，表示“某人用完某物”
[一言辨异]
We water during the hike, and soon our patience ran out too.徒步旅行期间我们用完了水，很快我们的耐心也耗尽了。
We time, so our chance ran out. 我们用完了时间，于是我们的机会耗尽了。
知识点9： All other joys are my enemy 世间所有欢愉皆非我所爱 P115
[解析] enemy n. 敌人 enemy在句中可作主语、宾语或表语。
an enemy of... 意为“…的敌人”
make an enemy of sb. 意为“与某人结仇”
Frogs are natural of pests in the fields. 青蛙是农田里害虫的天敌。
He made an of his boss. 他与老板结了仇。
知识点10： Finally, good literature has lasting values.最后，优秀的文学作品具有持久的价值。教材P116
[解析] lasting adj. 持久的
lasting friendship 长久的友谊；
lasting peace 持久的和平；
lasting beauty 永恒之美；
lasting influence 深远影响。
We hope to build a with friends in Yangzhou.我们希望和扬州的朋友们建立长久的友谊。
[拓展] last 动词，意为“持续；延续”； last 限定词，意为“最后的”。
[语境串记]The meeting will three hours. and we will discuss the last question at the end.会议将持续三个小时，最后我们会讨论最后一个问题。
知识点11： It tells a story about love, loss and personal growth.它讲述了一个关于爱、失去与个人成长的故事。教材P117
[解析] loss n. 失去：损失 loss在句中可作主语或宾语。
the loss of... 意为“...的失去” suffer a loss意为“遭受损失”
It was a great for the team. 这对团队来说是一个巨大的损失。
The of his money worried him. 丢钱这件事使他发愁。
[拓展] lose 动词，意为“丢失；输掉”： lost 形容词，意为“丢失的；迷路的”。
lose one's way = get lost 意为“迷路”
I my wallet yesterday. 我昨天弄丢了我的钱包。
He is hunting for his book. 他正在寻找他丢失的书。
知识点12： Julie's neighbour and classmate, Emily, shows up at the door.朱莉的邻居兼同班同学埃米莉上门来访。教材P117
[解析] show up出现，露面 show up后面不加宾语。
show up + 地点/场合 意为“在...出现”
She promised to come, but she didn't at last. 她答应来的，最后却没出现。
He didn't at the meeting. 他没来开会。
[链接]含show的动词短语总结:
show off 炫耀；卖弄
show the way 指路
show sb. around sp. 带某人参观某地
show interest in 对...表现出兴趣
show respect for sb. 对某人表示尊敬
show one's love 表达某人的爱意
show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 给某人看某物；向某人展示某物
He likes to how well he speaks French. 他喜欢向人卖弄他法语讲得有多好。
知识点13： There's a knock at the door, and Julie's mum enters.传来敲门声，朱莉的妈妈走了进来。 教材P118
[解析] knock n. 敲门声，敲击声
a knock at the door意为“敲门声”
There was a knock the window. 有人敲了一下窗户。
[拓展] knock动词，意为“敲；击；打”
knock at/on the door 敲门
knock into sb. 撞到某人身上
knock down 撞倒，拆毁
knock over 打倒，撞倒
I heard a and went to knock back. 我听到一声敲门声，就走过去回敲了一下。
知识点14： Hurry up, Julie. or you'll be late for school. 快点，朱莉，不然你上学要迟到了。 教材P118
[解析] hurry up赶快，急忙(做某事)
hurry up由“hurry(动词)+ up(副词)”构成，强调动作紧迫性，语气直接，常用于祈使句。
, or we will be late for the show in Nanjing. 快点，否则我们赶不上南京的演出了。
[拓展]
hurry 动词，意为“赶紧；匆忙”。
hurry to+地点 意为“匆忙赶往某地”；
hurry to do sth. 意为“匆忙去做某事”。
He finish his homework before going to Nanjing. 他赶在去南京前勿忙完成作业。
I home to tell her the news. 我急忙回家告诉她这个消息。
hurry 名词，意为“匆忙；急忙”。
in a hurry 意为“匆忙；急于”， in no hurry意为“不着急；不匆忙”。
There is no we can enjoy the West Lake slowly.不用急—我们可以慢慢欣赏西湖。
知识点15： The doorbell rings. 门铃响了 教材P118
[解析] ring vi. 发出铃声
ring在此处作不及物动词，后面不直接跟宾语。表示此意时，过去式rang,过去分词rung.
The bell loudly. 铃声大声响起。
[拓展] ring作动词，还意为“(使)发出钟声，给...打电话”。
ring the bell意为“按铃；敲钟”， ring sb. (up)意为“给某人打电话”。
The church rang. 教堂的钟声响了。
I need to my friend up in Yangzhou and invite her to the West Lake scenic area.我要给扬州的朋友打电话，邀请她去西湖风景区。
ring作名词，意为“铃声；戒指：指环；圆形；环状物“。
wear a ring 意为“戴戒指”。
I gave her a as a gift. 我送了她一枚戒指作为礼物。
单元语法：if和unless引导的条件状语从句
条件状语从句是指在复合句中表示主句动作发生的条件的句子，一般用连词if或unless引导。
知识点 1if引导的条件状语从句
1.if引导的条件状语从句在句中的位置
if意为“如果”，表示在某种条件下某事很可能发生。if引导的条件状语从句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。当放在主句前面时，通常要用逗号同主句隔开。
We won't go out if it tomorrow.如果明天下雨的话，我们就不出去。
If we more attention to the earth, we'll have a better world.如果我们多关注地球，我们就会拥有一个更好的世界。
2.if引导的条件状语从句与主句的时态
在含有由if引导的条件状语从句的复合句中，从句在下面几种情况下应使用一般现在时：
(1) 当主句是一般将来时时,如：
If everyone the environment, it better.如果人人都保护环境，它就会变得更好。
(2)当主句使用must、 may、 can等情态动词时,如：
If it fine tomorrow, we can go and fly the kite.如果明天天气好，我们可以去放风筝。
(3)当主句是祈使句时,如：
Don't touch the computer if you allowed.没被允许的话，别碰这台电脑。
3.if 引导的条件状语从句与if引导的宾语从句的不同
if引导宾语从句时，意为“是否”，相当于whether，
位于及物动词之后，且宾语从句的时态要根据语境确[LL]定。如果主句用一般现在时，从句可以根据具体情况选用时态;如果主句用一般过去时，从句也要用过去的某种时态。
I know if he will come tomorrow.我不知道他明天是否会来。
The boy asked me if I the way to the library.那个男孩问我是否知道去图书馆的路。
知识点2unless引导的条件状语从句
unless意为“除非，如果不”，相当于if...not。在含有由unless引导的条件状语从句的复合句中，若主句时态为一般将来时、主句为祈使句或主句中含有情态动词，从句则常用一般现在时。
He is sure to come unless he has something urgent.=He is sure to come if he has nothing urgent.除非有紧急事务，否则他一定会来的。
He cannot see clearly unless he wears glasses.=He cannot see clearly if he does not wear glasses.他不戴眼镜就看不清楚。
（时间：30分钟）
一、词语运用
A)根据中文提示写出单词。
1. You look upset today. Can you tell me what is the ______________(问题)?
2. Art is a ______________(镜子) that shows the beauty and sadness of our daily life.
3. Suddenly, a soft ______________(敲门声) at the door broke the quiet night.
4. No one wants to be seen as a ____________(傻瓜), so we should think carefully before we speak.
5. Will you answer the telephone if it _____________(发出铃声)?
B)根据句意用所给词的正确形式填空。
last give lose enemy write
1. His great _______________ show deep love for his hometown and common people.
2. Brave people never fear their _________________ and always stick to their dreams.
3. Habits in early years may have a(n) __________________ influence on a person s later life.
4. If the boy ______________ another chance tomorrow, he will do it better.
5. The whole academic community felt sad about the ________________ of a great poet.
二、翻译句子
1.“这和你的失误有关吗”“是的，全是我的错。”
- Does it ______________________________________________ your mistake?
- Yes, it is all my fault.
2. 倘若持续劳作不休息，我们很快就会耗尽体力。
We _______________________________________________ if we keep working without a rest.
3.快点行动，否则你会错过早班车，上学就要迟到了。
____________________________________, or you will miss the early bus and be late for school.
4.他没有在会议上露面，因此我们所有人都十分担心。
____________________________________________ at the meeting, so we all felt very worried.
三．完形填空
阅读下面短文，理解大意，然后从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。
One day, I was at sea when a terrible storm came. Strong wind drove the waves high, and the rain 1 down heavily. The ship was in great danger, and the situation was more 2 than I could imagine. All the men on board were so 3 that they could do nothing but cry.
When I woke up, I found myself on a lonely island. I was alive, but I felt 4 . There were no houses, no people and no food. I knew I must keep 5 if I wanted to live.
I decided to make careful 6 for living on the island. I chose a safe place to hide from the rain and wild animals. I also found a strong rope to help me build a shelter.
As days went by, I learned to look for food and protect 7 . I often felt afraid, but I never lost hope. Little by little, I came to know that I must be brave and responsible (负责的) for myself.
From this experience I know that when we face danger, we should never 8 . Even in a very difficult situation, staying calm can make a big difference. I also 9 that courage (勇气) could help me get through hard times.
This hard time taught me what true bravery means. To this day, I still 10 the importance of being brave, hopeful and strong when we are in trouble.
Adapted (改编) from The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe
1．A．sat B．hid C．poured D．flew
2．A．terrible B．normal C．basic D．fast
3．A．relaxed B．silly C．wise D．scared
4．A．harmful B．helpless C．careful D．happy
5．A．calm B．noisy C．soft D．fit
6．A．mistakes B．preparations C．suggestions D．situations
7．A．himself B．herself C．myself D．yourself
8．A．look up B．pick up C．give up D．get up
9．A．connected B．asked C．helped D．learned
10．A．remember B．forget C．spread D．keep
四．语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号内所给单词的正确形式。
The Power of Literature
Literature opens 1 whole new world for readers. It includes novels, short stories, poems and many other 2 (form) of writing.
When we read great books, we can travel to different times and meet different 3 (character) without leaving our rooms. Good stories must make sense. If a story doesn’t make sense, readers will soon 4 (lose) interest.
Some stories 5 (be set) in old houses, forests or palaces. Writers use small things 6 as branches, mirrors or bedside tables to create special images.
Many students stop reading because they don’t have enough free time. If you don’t read 7 (regular), you may miss the joy of literature. Try to read for fifteen minutes every night 8 sleep.
Not all writers become famous 9 their lifetime. Many wonderful books remain unknown for years. Later, people find them and they become popular. So don’t give up if you are not successful 10 (immediate). Keep writing and reading!
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