Unit 1 Friendship 语法学案2026-2027学年沪教版英语七年级上册

该初中英语单元学案以“Friendship”为主题，聚焦特殊疑问句（wh-/how-疑问词）语法学习，设定“掌握八大疑问词及how家族用法、特殊疑问句语序、对划线提问，能采访新同学并介绍朋友”的整体目标。通过“学习目标-考点透视-语法精讲-即时操练-语篇应用-写作实践-自检作业”的递进式设计，结合表格归纳、口诀记忆等工具，构建从知识理解到实际应用的完整学习路径。 亮点在于“语篇应用与真实语境实践”的特色设计，如对话语法填空、完形填空等中考题型训练提升语言能力，易混词“三兄弟”辨析及“四步法”对划线提问培养思维品质，分层作业满足不同学生需求发展学习能力。通过“采访新同学并写朋友介绍”的写作任务，促进语法知识向交际能力转化，为教师实施单元复习提供系统、针对性的教学支持。

沪教版（2024）七年级英语上册 Unit 1  Friendship Grammar · 特殊疑问句（wh-/how- 疑问词）语法学案 班级 ________  姓名 ________  学号 ________  日期 ________  课型：语法课（1 课时） 一、学习目标  Learning Objectives 1. 能说出八大疑问词（what / which / who / whose / when / where / why / how）的用法，并熟记 how 家族七个成员； 2. 掌握特殊疑问句的两种语序，能熟练完成对划线部分提问； 3. 能分清 how long / how often / how soon 三兄弟，在中考单选、语法填空、句型转换中正确作答； 4. 能用特殊疑问句采访新同学，并写出一段连贯的朋友介绍。 二、考点透视  How the Exam Tests You 语法点 中考题型 高频陷阱 疑问词辨析 单选 · 补全对话 how long / how often / how soon 混淆 对划线提问 句型转换 忘记借助 do / does / did ；漏掉主语 疑问词作主语 单选 · 改错 Who likes music? （三单要加 s ） 问什么 · 答什么 听说 · 阅读简答 答非所问：问 when 答 because 三、语法精讲  Grammar Focus 考点 1  八大疑问词 —— 一表看懂 疑问词 询问什么 教材例句（读一读，圈出疑问词） what 事物 / 姓名 What is your name? 　 What are you good at? which 哪个（有范围） Which subject do you like better, maths or English? who 人（主格） Who is your best friend? whose 谁的 Whose schoolbag is this? when 时间 When is your birthday? where 地点 Where are you from? why 原因 Why do you like reading? — Because it's fun. how 方式 / 状况 How do you go to school? — By bike. 考点 2  how 家族 —— 七个成员 词组 用法 例句 how old 问年龄 How old is your brother? — He is 13. how many 多少（ 可数 名词复数） How many books do you have? how much 多少（ 不可数 ） / 问 价格 How much is the T-shirt? — 50 yuan. how long 多长时间 / 多长 How long is the river? — About 200 km. how often 多久一次（ 频率 ） How often do you exercise? — Twice a week. how soon 多久以后（将来） How soon will you be back? — In ten minutes. how far 多远（距离） How far is it from your home to school? 考点 3  易混三兄弟 —— long / often / soon 词组 看答语判断（中考最爱考） 答语示例 how long 答语是 for / since + 时间段 ，或问物体长度 — For two hours. / — Since 2020. how often 答语是 频率 — Every day. / — Twice a week. / — Always. how soon 答语是 in + 时间段 （将来） — In ten minutes. / — In two days. 口诀   for 加时间段， long 来相伴；频率 often 管， in 加时间 soon 断；可数 many 数，不可数 much 算。 考点 4  两种语序 —— 对划线提问四步法 ① 疑问词作主语 → 直接用陈述语序：Who wants to try?　What happened yesterday? ② 疑问词作其他成分 → 疑问词 + 一般疑问句：Where do you live?　Why is she crying? 四步法：定疑问词 → 补 be / do / does / did → 抄主语 → 剩余部分照搬（注意大小写和句号变问号） 例：I go to school by bus. → How do you go to school? She likes music because it makes her relaxed. → Why does she like music? 考点 5  易混速辨 辨析 要点 what vs which 范围不定用 what ；有范围选择用 which ： Which do you like better, tea or coffee? What ... like? 问外貌 / 性格： What is she like? — She is friendly. （ How is she? = 她好吗） what time vs when what time 只问具体时刻； when 范围更广（年份、日期均可） why not do Why not ask the teacher for help? = Why don't you ask...? （ not 后接 动词原形 ） 四、即时操练  Quick Practice（10 分） 根据答语，用适当的疑问词或疑问词组填空，每空一词。 1. —________ do you usually go to school? —By bike. 1. —________ is your best friend? —Li Hua. We're in the same class. 1. —________ are you so late today? —Because I missed the bus. 1. —________ is it from your home to school? —About two kilometres. 1. —________ do you play football? —Twice a week. 1. —________ students are there in your class? —Forty-five. 1. —________ is that girl in a red dress? —She is my cousin. 1. —________ is your English teacher like? —She is kind and patient. 1. —________ schoolbag is this? —It's mine. 1. —________ will you finish your homework? —In half an hour. 五、语篇应用 · 直击中考  Reading & Cloze（20 分） A．语法填空（对话语篇 · 10 小题，每小题 1 分） 阅读下面的对话，在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Li Hua is a new student at Sunshine Middle School. He meets Kate, his deskmate. Kate: Hi! You're new here, right? (1)________ is your name? Li Hua: I'm Li Hua. Nice to meet you. Kate: Nice to meet you, too! (2)________ are you from? Li Hua: Chengdu. My parents work in Shenzhen now. Kate: Welcome to our school! (3)________ do you go to school, by bus or on foot? Li Hua: By bus. It takes twenty minutes. Kate: That's not far. (4)________ do you usually get up on school days? Li Hua: At six forty. I like reading English for half an hour before class. Kate: Wow, you work hard! (5)________ is your favourite subject? Li Hua: Maths. But I'm also good at (6)________ (draw) pictures. Kate: Really? (7)________ often do you have art lessons? Li Hua: Twice a week, on Wednesday and Friday afternoons. Kate: Great! Our school (8)________ (have) an art club. You can join it and (9)________ (make) more friends there. Li Hua: Sounds wonderful! (10)________ else do I need to know? Kate: Just talk to Mrs Green, our art teacher. I'm sure you'll enjoy your new school life! B．完形填空（中考题型 · 10 小题，每小题 1 分） 阅读下面短文，从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳答案。 Lin Tao was a quiet boy. When he first came to No. 1 Middle School, he hardly knew (1)______, so he often felt lonely. (2)______ could he make friends? He had no idea. One day, Wei Hua, his deskmate, asked him, "(3)______ do you look so sad?" Lin Tao told her about his worry. "Don't worry," Wei Hua smiled. "(4)______ not join the football club? I hear you play very well." Lin Tao joined the club. Soon he found (5)______ — the boys there all loved football as much as he did. They practised together (6)______ a week, on Tuesday and Friday. (7)______ of the boys, Zhang Yang, became his best friend. "(8)______ do you like football so much?" Zhang Yang once asked him. "Because it teaches me to work with others and never give up," Lin Tao answered. Now Lin Tao is no longer lonely. He has learnt (9)______ — when you are kind enough to say hello first, friendship will come to you. (10)______ to his deskmate Wei Hua, he now enjoys every day at school. 1. A. somebody  B. anybody  C. nobody  D. everybody 2. A. What  B. How  C. Where  D. When 3. A. Why  B. What  C. When  D. Who 4. A. What  B. Where  C. Why  D. How 5. A. everybody friendly  B. everybody sad  C. nobody friendly  D. anybody sad 6. A. once  B. twice  C. three times  D. four times 7. A. Some  B. Many  C. One  D. Any 8. A. What  B. Why  C. How  D. When 9. A. something important  B. important something  C. anything important  D. nothing important 10. A. Because  B. Thank  C. Thanks  D. Since 六、写作应用  Writing with Grammar（10 分） 先读支架，注意：每句话的信息都来自一个特殊疑问句（问什么，写什么）。 句型支架（My New Friend） ① What's his/her name? → I'd like to introduce my new friend. His name is Li Hua. ② Where ... from? → He comes from Chengdu, but he lives in Shenzhen now. ③ How old ...? → He is twelve years old , one year older than me. ④ What ... hobby? → His favourite hobby is drawing, and he is good at it. ⑤ Why ... like him? → I like him because he is patient and always ready to help others. 任务  先用 5 个特殊疑问句采访一位新同学（写在下面横线上），再以 "My New Friend" 为题写一段话（60–80 词），涵盖 name / age / from / hobby / why you like him or her，并用上 be good at 或 make friends with 中的一个短语。 ①______________________________　②______________________________　③______________________________ ④______________________________　⑤______________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 词数自数：_______ 七、单句改错  Find & Correct（8 分） 每句有一处错误，找出并在横线上写出正确形式。 原句（圈出错误） 改正 1. How long do you watch TV? — Twice a week. ____________ 2. How much students are there in your class? ____________ 3. Who does teach you music this term? ____________ 4. How is the weather like today? ____________ 5. What time is your birthday? — It's on 6th May. ____________ 6. Why not to go swimming with us this afternoon? ____________ 7. How often have you lived in Shenzhen? — For ten years. ____________ 8. What your favourite subject? ____________ 八、当堂自检与分层作业  Self-check & Homework □  我能说出八大疑问词和 how 家族的用法； □  我能分清 how long / how often / how soon 三兄弟； □  即时操练 10 题错误不超过 2 题；语法填空 + 完形 ≥ 15 分； □  我能用特殊疑问句采访并介绍一位新同学。 层次 作业内容 基础作业 订正即时操练与改错题，把 10 道即时操练按 " 八大疑问词 / how 家族 " 归类并朗读答语。 提高作业 完成写作任务并誊写；用 How long / How often / How soon 各造一句并写出答语。 挑战作业 为你的好朋友设计一份 10 个问题的英文采访提纲，至少用上 5 种不同的疑问词。 The best way to have a friend is to be one. —— 交到好友的秘诀，是先成为别人的好友。 参考答案（教师用 · 学生作答后核对） 四、即时操练 1. How　2. Who　3. Why　4. How far　5. How often　6. How many　7. Who　8. What　9. Whose　10. How soon 五 A．语法填空 1. What（问姓名）　2. Where（问来自哪里）　3. How（问交通方式）　4. When / What time（问时间）　5. What（问科目）　6. drawing（be good at doing）　7. How（How often 问频率，由 Twice a week 判断）　8. has（主语 our school 三单）　9. make（and 并列动词原形）　10. What（What else 还有别的什么） 五 B．完形填空 1–5 B B A C A　　6–10 B C B A C 简析：1 hardly 隐藏否定用 anybody；2 问方式用 How；3 问原因用 Why；4 Why not do sth.；7 One of + 复数名词；9 肯定句用 something，important 后置；10 Thanks to 多亏了。 七、单句改错 1. How long → How often（答语是频率）　2. How much → How many（students 可数复数）　3. does teach → teaches（疑问词作主语用陈述语序）　4. How → What（What is the weather like?）　5. What time → When（问生日日期用 when）　6. 去掉 to（Why not + 动词原形）　7. How often → How long（答语 for ten years）　8. What 后加 is（What is your favourite subject?） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $