Unit 4 Body language 知识背诵清单-2026-2027学年高中英语新人教版选择性必修第一册

该高中英语知识清单围绕“Unit 4 Body language”主题，系统梳理非语言交际相关词汇及语法重难点。从基础词汇（如interaction, gesture）的词义、词块、助记法入手，延伸至词族拓展（如identify-identity-identical），再通过重难点词汇（如vary, differ, appropriate）的搭配、辨析及运用练习，构建从基础到进阶的学习支架。 知识链路以“词汇梳理-重难点突破”为逻辑主线，每个词汇配备助记方法、词块积累及语境运用，注重培养语言能力（如词块搭配与表达）和思维品质（如同义词辨析、一词多义对比）。通过词族拓展和语境化练习，帮助学生掌握科学学习方法，提升词汇运用效率与跨文化交际理解能力。

Unit 4 Body language Step 1词汇梳理 1. interaction__交流；相互影响 v. interact 助记： inter(between) + act (行动) 词块：与...互动interact with 2. _by_ contrast相比之下=by comparison(本单元) 3. demonstrate_表现；表达；说明；证明=show/display/express/illustrate/prove 词块：demonstrate against sb/sth示威反对某人/某事 4. gesture n. 1)姿势；手势 词块：gesture language手势语 打手势__make a gesture 2)__表示；姿态__ Handshake is a gesture of friendship. v.用手势示意 词块：指向... gesture __towards/at...__ 5. identical 相同的 助记：ident(the same) + -ical (形容词后缀) 词块：与...相同 be identical to 词族：identity n.身份 identify v.识别；辨认 6.interpret_解释；阐述；口译=explain 词族：n.解释；口译 interpretation n.口译者interpreter 7.cheek脸 翻译：泪水滚落下他的脸颊Tears rolled down/streamed down/flowed down his cheeks. 8.bow v.鞠躬；点头 词块：向某人鞠躬bow to sb. 低头bow one’s head n.鞠躬；弓；弓状物；蝴蝶结；船头 A violin is played with a bow. Ella wore a bow in her hair. 9.waist腰；腰部 区分：wrist手腕 10.推理；推断__make inferences v.推测；推断infer（过去式_inferred_过去分词_inferred_) 11.barrier_屏障；障碍 词块：a barrier against...抵御...的屏障 a ticket barrier检票口 overcome language barrier克服语言障碍 a barrier __to__ success 成功的障碍 12.fake_adj.假的；伪造的 n.假货；赝品_ 词块：a fake bill__假钞__ 假笑__a fake smile__ 反义词：sincere/ genuine 13.anger n.生气；愤怒v.使生气；激怒 词块：one’s face turned red with anger_气得满脸通红 词族：adj.生气的__angry__ 14.reliable__可靠的；可信赖的__ 助记：rely(依靠) + -able (可...的)=dependable 词族：不可靠的__unreliable__ v.依靠；依赖__rely__ 15.slight_轻微的；略微的反big/severe词块：a slight difference微小的区别_ a slight injury轻伤 词族：adv.__slightly__=a little 16.twin n.双胞胎之一adj._孪生的；双胞胎的 词块：a twin sister孪生姐姐/妹 17.nonverbal非语言的 助记：non(否定前缀) + verbal (口头的；多话的) 18.assess评估；评价=evaluate/judge_ 词块：assess sth. at... 给某物估价为... 词族：n.__assessment__ 19.internal内部的；里面的 词块：internal organs内脏internal injuries内伤internal doubts内心的疑虑 反义词external 20.直起身；整理；收拾整理straighten up 21.slump v._垂头弯腰地走(或坐等)n.暴跌；萧条 词块：a slump in profits利润锐减 22.bend (过去式_bent_ 过去分词_bent_) 弯曲；倾斜；偏向 词块：bend one’s knees_屈膝 bend down/over弯腰；俯身be bent on (doing) sth. 专心致志于... bend to one’s will屈服于某人的意愿 n.(尤指道路或河流的)拐弯；弯道 a sharp bend in the road路上的一个急转弯 23.reveal_揭示；显示；揭露 助记：re-(opposite of相反) + veil (to cover) 词块：reveal the truth/secret揭示真相/秘密 向某人透露某事reveal sth. to sb. 24.clarify_澄清；阐明 助记：clar-(clear) + ify (to make) 词族：n. clarification 词块：clarify one’s stand阐明自己的立场 25.in other words__换句话说；也就是说 总之，简言之in a word have a word with__与某人谈一谈 have words with与某人吵嘴 break one’s word失信；食言 keep one’s word遵守诺言 26.教育者；教育家educator 词族：v.educate n.education_ adj.受过教育的；有教养的educated 词块：在某方面教育/培训某人 ~ sb. in/on sth. 教导某人做某事educate sb. to do sth. well-educated受过良好教育的 27.tick v.给...标记号；(钟表等)滴答滴答响 n.记号；滴答声 28..lower adj.较低的；较低级的 反upper 词块：the lower-class下层阶级 v.把...放低/降下；降低，减少 反：raise 词块：lower a flag降旗lower one’s eyes垂下眼睛 lower expenses/price/one’s voice/pressure减少开支/降低价格/压低嗓门/减轻压力 29.imply暗示；暗指=suggest 词族：n.implication adj.暗含的implied 30.barely 1)仅仅；勉强=just/only/merely 2)几乎没有；几乎不=hardly 词族：bare 1)赤裸的；光秃秃的；空的 bare feet光脚 a bare hill光秃秃的山 2)仅有的；最基本的 the bare minimum of furniture 最基本的家具 31. chin下巴=jaw His jaw dropped when hearing the news.听到这个消息他惊掉了下巴。 32. stare盯；凝视 词块：盯着/凝视... stare at sb./sth. stare sb. up and down上下打量某人 n. give sb. a rude stare无礼地盯着某人 33.merely_仅仅；只不过__=_only/just/barely_ 词族：adj._mere__1)仅仅的，只不过的 2)极小的；不重要的 34.call on 1)__拜访__ e.g. I’ll take a walk and then call on some friends. 2) __号召；要求__ e.g.We call on the people of all countries to work together. “call”phrases: call up__给…=打电话；使回忆起__ call back__回电话；收回__ call for__需要__ call in__请来；召来__ call off__取消__ 35.weep (过去式_wept_ 过去分词_wept_)_哭泣；流泪_ 词块：weep for joy_喜极而泣_ weep bitterly_痛哭_ 36.at work__在工作；有某种影响___ 37.conflict n.__矛盾；冲突__ v._冲突；抵触__ 词族：adj.矛盾的；有冲突的_conflicting__ 词块：a conflict of opinions/interests__意见分歧/利益冲突__ 与...有矛盾，冲突，不一致come into conflict _with_.../ be in conflict _with_/ conflict _with_... 38.inquire/enquire__打听；询问；调查__ 词块：inquire about sth. 咨询，询问... 词族：n.__inquiry/enquiry___ 39.ultimately__最后；最终___=__finally/eventually__ 词族：adj.__ultimate__ 词块：an ultimate goal/aim/objective/target__最终目标__ Step2重难点 1. vary v. (根据情况)变化；改变；有所不同 = _differ__ (本单元同义词) 【拓展】adj.各种各样的 various 多变的varied n.多样化；多样性 __variety__ 【搭配】随…而变化__vary with__ vary in size/color __大小/颜色不一样__ 从…到…变化__vary from...to..._ 由…到…不等；在…到…之间变动__vary between... and... 多种多样的__a variety of/ varieties of__ 【运用】1)These kids vary _in_ height _from_ 100 cm __to_ 120 cm. 这些孩子的身高从100厘米到120厘米不等。 2)学校给我们提供了各种各样的选修课程，从艺术到音乐都有。 Our school provides us __various/ a variety of__ selective/optional courses, __varying_(vary) from art to music. 2.differ v. 不同于；相异 【拓展】adj.不同的 __different__ n.不同；差别 __difference__ 【搭配】differ from…in…/be different from…in… __在...方面与...不同__ (对…) 有/没有影响/作用_make a/no difference (to…)__ tell the difference between A and B__区分A与B__ 1) 【运用】Chinese eating and drinking habits differ greatly __from__ those in the West. 2) Leaves are found on all kinds of trees, but they __differ greatly in size and shape__(形状和大小大不一样). 3) 你告诉我的可能对我的未来有很大的影响。 __What you have told me may make a difference to my future.___ 3.appropriate adj.合适的；恰当的 proper/suitable/fit同义词 适当地；恰当地 _appropriately_ 【搭配】适合于__be appropriate to/for__ 做某事是合适的 __be appropriate to do sth.__ 某人做……是适合的 It is/was appropriate that sb. _(should) do__... 【运用】1)His casual clothes ___were not appropriate for___ such a formal occasion. 他随便的穿着不适合这样正式的场合。 2)The old woman knew how to __dress herself appropriately__ every day. 这个老太太知道如何每天得体地穿着。 3)It was appropriate that she __she (should) keep(keep) silent__ at the time. 当时她保持沉默是合适的。 4.approve vi. 赞成，同意 vt. 批准；通过 【拓展】n.同意；批准__approval__ adj.赞许的；许可的 approving 不同意(的) v._disapprove_ n.__disapproval__ adj.__disapproving__ 【搭配】approve of sb./sth 赞同... approve of (sb./sb.’s) doing sth. 同意某人做某事 meet with one’s approval __得到某人的赞许__ give one’s approval to sth. ___批准某事___ 【运用】 1)I’m afraid that your parents won’t __approve of your marrying him__. 恐怕你父母不会赞同你跟他结婚。 2)It is incredible that my son has made such an important decision __without my approval__． 我儿子未经我的许可就做了如此重要的决定，真是让人难以置信。 3)The rewarding job won him many __approving__ (approve) glances. 这个有益的工作为他赢得了许多赞许的目光。 5.witness v.__目击；亲眼所见__ n.__目击者；证人__ 【搭配】witness to (doing) sth.作证…… a witness of/to...__…的证人__ bear/give witness (to sth.)__(为某事)作证；证明__(此短语中witness前不加冠词，而且witness不用复数) 【运用】1)However, her children have learned an important lesson __witnessing__ (witness) their mother earn her degree. 然而，她的孩子们在见证母亲获得学位的过程中学到了重要的一课。 2)His good health is __a witness of/to__ the success of the treatment. 他良好的健康状况是治疗成功的见证。 3)The worker witnessed to ___having seen___ (see) the thief near the scene of the crime. 这位工人作证说曾在犯罪现场附近见过那个小偷。 6.employ v. 1)雇佣 2) 利用 【拓展】n.雇佣；利用___employment__ n.雇主__employer__ n.雇员__employee___ adj.失业的___unemployed___ 【搭配】雇佣某人为...__employ sb. as...___ 雇佣某人做某事___employ sb. to do___ 从事于/忙于做某事 【运用】（1)Many local people __are employed as___ guides in the tourism industry. 在旅游业中，很多当地人受雇做导游。 2) Your time __should be employed___ in attending to professional matters. 你的时间应该利用在处理专业事务上。 3） 一句多译：最近我一直忙于完成这项棘手(tough/challenging)的任务。 ① _I have been employed in doing the tough/challenging task.__ ② _I have employed myself in doing the tough/challenging task.___ 7.favour n帮助；恩惠；赞同；偏袒 vt.较喜欢；选择；有利于 【拓展】adj.给人好印象的；赞同的；有利的__favorable_ adj. 最喜欢的；特别喜爱的__favorite___ 【搭配】in favour of_支持；赞成_ in sb.’s favour__对某人有利__ show favour to_对……偏爱/偏袒_ 帮某人一个忙__do sb.a favour/do a favour for sb.__ 请某人帮个忙__ask sb.a favour/ask a favour of sb.___ 【运用】1)To be honest，she is not a teacher __favouring__ (favour) any student. 2)She made a __favourable__ (favour) impression on his parents. 她给他的父母留下了好印象。 3)Of the two possible plans, I __favor/ am in favor of__(赞成) the first. 4)Could you ___do me a favour___ and __pick up__ Sam from school today? 今天你能帮我个忙去学校接Sam吗？ 5)Although I can’t persuade you，I still don’t think doing such things is __in our favour___. 虽然我无法说服你，但我仍然认为做这样的事对我们没有好处。 8.break down 1)_坏了；抛锚_ 2)_身体或精神垮掉_3)_化学物分解 4)_(计划或谈判等)失败【搭配】分解；解散；破裂break _up__ （战争）爆发；（火灾）突然发生 break _out__ 打断；插嘴说；闯入break _in__ 闯入；强行进入；突然开始做某事 break _into__ 脱离，放弃 break _away from_ 取得突破 break _through_ 【运用】1)You’ll ___break down__ if you take on more work than you can. 2)Our car __broke down__ and we had to put it off the road. 9.incident n. 一词多义 1. The Lugouqiao Incident is one of the most important events in modern Chinese history. 事变__ 2. He could remember every incident in great detail. __(尤指不平常的)事件___ 根据所学知识或查阅资料辨析“incident, accident, affair, event”，并选择适当的词填空 1)The social media keeps us up-to-date on world __affairs__. 2)This is a list of the chief __events__ of 2021. 3)He lost his left leg in the traffic __accident__. 4)This __incident__ taught me that any small kindness can make a difference. 5)The 800 metres is not his best __event__. 10.trial n. 一词多义 1)New cars have several severe trials before they are put on the market. __试用；试验__ 2)In a trial, a judge must decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe. ___审判___ 【搭配】a (free) trial period ___(免费)试用期__ on trial 在试用中；在受审 trial and error 反复试验；不断摸索 【运用】译：Tu Youyou extracted the artemisinin through trial and error_____. 屠呦呦通过反复尝试才提取了青蒿素(artemisinin)。 11.pose 一词多义 1)After the wedding we all posed for a photograph. 词性__vi.__ 词义__摆好姿势___ 2)The destruction of the vegetation pose a great threat to our environment. 词性_vt._ 词义_造成(威胁、问题等)_ 3)He adopted a relaxed pose for the camera. 词性_n._ 词义__姿势；姿态__ 【搭配】pose a threat / challenge / danger / risk (to) __(对...)构成威胁/挑战/危险/风险__ 12.tendency n．倾向；趋势 【拓展】vi.趋向；易于；照顾 vt.照顾；护理 __tend__ 【搭配】易于/喜欢做某事；倾向于做某事 __have a tendency to do sth.__ (用名词） __tend to do sth.__ (用动词) 照料；护理某人/某物__tend (to) sb./sth.___ there’s a growing tendency for sb. to do sth. 某人做某事的倾向日益增长 1) 【运用】 He tends __to get__(get) angry when people disagree with him. 2) The girl __tending to her sick mother__ is one of my classmates.(用非谓语动词) 照顾她生病妈妈的那个女孩是我的同学。 3） 随着年龄的增长，他健忘的倾向日益增长。 __He has a growing tendency to forget things as he becomes older. =There’s a growing tendency for him to forget things as he becomes older.__ 13.occupy vt. 占据；占用；使忙碌 【拓展】n.占领；职业；消遣__occupation__ adj.被占用的，忙于...的__occupied__ 【搭配】keep sb. occupied___使某人忙碌___ 忙于做某事__occupy oneself with sth/in doing sth. = be occupied with sth./in doing sth.__ （1） 【运用】What do you imagine will be your future __occupation__ (occupy)? （2） I noticed Tom looking at the nearby table __occupied__(occupy) by an elderly woman and a young couple. （3） When the enemy __occupied__the city, the scientist was __occupied__ with his research. (occupy) （4） ___I have been so occupied with my study____(我一直忙于学习) that I haven’t had time for social activities. 14.distinguish vi.& vt.使……有所不同；显示……的差别；辨别；看清，听清 【拓展】adj.有区别的；不同的__distinct___ n.区别；不同___distinction___ adj. distinguished 卓越的；尊敬的；著名的 【搭配】区分A与B __distinguish...from...=distinguish between...and...__ distinguish oneself (as...) 使出众；使著名---___be distinguished as___因为/作为…而出名 【运用】（1)You’d better teach your son to __distinguish between right and wrong___. 你最好教会你的儿子辨别是非。 2)He has already __distinguished himself___ as an athlete in the world. 他作为运动员在世界上已经享有盛名。 3)As we all know，Premier Zhou is a __distinguished politician__. 我们都知道，周总理是位卓越的政治家。 15.anxiety n. 1) Children normally feel a lot of anxiety about / over their first day at school. ___焦虑____ 2)His anxiety to win the vote was obvious. ___渴望___ 【拓展】 adj.担心的；焦虑的；急切的__anxious___ 【搭配】 with anxiety__焦虑地__ be __anxious__ to do 急于做某事 be anxious __for/about__ sb./sth. 担心/忧虑某人/某事 be anxious for sb.to do sth.渴望某人做某事 be anxious that...(that从句用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”, should可以省略)急切希望… 16.ashamed adj.羞耻的；惭愧的 【拓展】n．羞耻；惭愧；遗憾的事__shame___ adj.令人羞耻的__shameful__ 【搭配】为…而感到羞耻 be ashamed _of_ sth. 羞于/耻于做某事__be ashamed to do sth.__ be ashamed that...对……感到羞愧 It’s a shame that...__…真让人遗憾___ What a shame/pity！真遗憾！ 【运用】1)She was ashamed of __being banned__ (ban) from entering the hall. 她为被禁止进入那个大厅而感到丢人。 2)__She was ashamed to trouble___ the man under great pressure.她不好意思麻烦那个处于巨大压力之下的人。 3)__It is a shame that___ you have missed the nice beginning of the film. 你错过了这部电影精彩的开头，真是遗憾。 4)All of a sudden，the boy realized that it was a __shameful thought__.这个男孩突然意识到那是个可耻的想法。 17.bother vi. & vt._因...费心/操心；麻烦_ n.__麻烦；不便__ 【拓展】麻烦某人某事 bother sb. __about/with__ sth. 费心做某事__bother doing/to do sth.__ can’t be bothered (to do sth.)不想花时间精力(做某事) have no/much/little bother (in) doing sth. 做…不费力/很费力/几乎不费力 【运用】1)He won’t come, so why bother __inviting/to invite__(invite) him? 2)I didn’t want to bother her __with__ work matters on her day off. 3)因为有雾，我们费了好大劲儿才找到他家。 __We had quite a lot of bother finding her house because of the fog.___ 18.adjust vi.& vt.调整；(使)适应 【拓展】 n．调整；适应__adjustment__ adj.可调节的__adjustable__ 【搭配】adjust…to… 调整…以适应… 适应... __adjust to (doing) sth.___ 使自己适应于…__adjust oneself to...__ 做出调整__make an adjustment/adjustments___ 【运用】1)As a teacher you have to _adjust your methods to suit the needs of_(调整你的方法来适应…) slower children. 2)She soon __adjusted (herself) to__ the new surroundings. 她很快适应了新的环境。 3)What made her annoyed was that her son refused to __make adjustments to his plan__. 让她生气的是，她儿子拒绝对计划做出调整。 19.react vi.& vt.作出反应；反应 【拓展】n．反应__reaction___ 【搭配】 对…作出反应/回应 react_to__ 与…进行(化学)反应react _with_ 反抗 react _against_ 【运用】1)It shows us how iron __reacts with air___. 它向我们展示了铁是如何与空气起反应的。 (2)The boy often __reacts against his parents___. 这个男孩经常与父母对抗。 3) [一句多译] 你认为他会对这个坏消息作何反应？ ①How do you think __he will react to the bad news__？(react) ②What do you think __his reaction to the bad news will be__？(reaction) 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $