专题10 阅读理解推理判断题、主旨大意题（专项训练）（上海专用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

**基本信息** 该专项聚焦阅读理解推理判断与主旨大意题，以“基础-重难-真题”三级进阶为框架，提炼“逻辑验证-深层解读-跨段整合”推理方法与“框架把控-矛盾提炼-辩证整合”主旨策略，系统培养思维品质与语言理解能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |模拟·基础演练|4类推断题+3类主旨题（2026各区一模）|推理题突破单句细节，转向例证逻辑/情感解读/跨段整合；主旨题超越首尾概括，聚焦框架把控/矛盾提炼/辩证整合|从基础题型方法建构，覆盖核心考法与易错点| |重难·创新演练|3篇新情境语篇（人类情绪/节日食品/成长回忆）|复杂情境中深化推理逻辑与主旨提炼能力|通过新情境语篇实现方法迁移，提升思维层次| |真题·实战演练|3篇名校真题（含2023高考题）|高考命题视角下验证方法有效性|对接高考趋势，强化高频考点针对性突破|

第10讲 阅读理解推理判断题、主旨大意题 目 录 模拟·基础演练 1 重难·创新演练 7 真题·实战演练 13 模拟·基础演练 考查重点：新考法突破 “单句细节推理”，转向 “例证逻辑验证、情感态度深层解读、跨段信息整合”；主旨大意题聚焦 “文本整体框架把控”，新考法突破 “首尾段直接概括”，转向 “核心矛盾提炼、辩证性主旨整合… 考向01 阅读理解推断题 （节选） 题型01 推断隐含意义题 （2026年松江区一模） Handled in a smart way, some of AI’s electricity use will help with greening the economy. AI is highly capable of identifying complex patterns and improving systems, which can help reduce emissions. It is already helping improve the efficiency of electrical networks with real-time balance of supply and demand. Besides, it has assisted in reducing petrol consumption in shipping through adjusting routes and speeds to the fittest, and spotting leaks of methane (a greenhouse gas) by cooperating with satellites and ground sensors. 44. We can learn from paragraph 3 that________. A. energy used by AI would otherwise realize a green economy B. energy saving in shipping is partly due to AI-improved routes C. AI’s real-time management has raised electricity consumption D. methane leak detection done by AI can be sensed by satellites 【答案】 44. B 推理题。根据第三段“Besides, it has assisted in reducing petrol consumption in shipping through adjusting routes and speeds to the fittest, and spotting leaks of methane (a greenhouse gas) by cooperating with satellites and ground sensors.(此外，它还通过调整航线和航速来帮助减少航运中的汽油消耗，并通过与卫星和地面传感器合作来发现甲烷的泄漏)”可知，航运业节约了很多能源部分原因是由于人工智能改善了航线。故选B项。 题型02 推断观点态度题 （2026年闵行区一模） Research is largely driven by commercial interests. Alpha is projected to be the world’s largest generation, with more than 2 billion members. By 2029, nearly $5.5 trillion will be spent on Alphas a year, predicts McCrindle’s research firm. That presents an opportunity for businesses, and for the marketing firms that advise “how to prepare for Gen Alpha”. Restrictions on marketing to youngsters prevent many insights. Governments regulate advertisements aimed at minors and stop their personal data from being collected without parental permission. Some surveys about Gen Alpha are filled out by parents, who interpret their children’s habits. Many conclusions do not apply to the youngest members. 44. What can be inferred from the current research on Alphas mentioned in paragraphs 4 and 5? A. Its objectivity may be affected by commercial motivation. B. It is mainly conducted for academic exploration. C. The sample size used in the research process is limited. D. Legal restrictions make the findings more reliable. 【答案】 44. A 推理判断题。根据第四段“Research is largely driven by commercial interests. (研究在很大程度上是由商业利益驱动的。)”及“That presents an opportunity for businesses, and for the marketing firms that advise “how to prepare for Gen Alpha”. (这为企业提供了机会，也为那些建议“如何为阿尔法时代做准备”的营销公司提供了机会。)”可知，关于阿尔法一代的研究主要受商业利益驱动，其客观性可能会受商业动机影响。故选A项。 题型03 推断写作意图题 （2026年闵行区一模） What is AI’s Role in the Park Hill Classroom? AI’s purpose in our learning is to enhance, not replace, the effort put into your teaching and learning. Its use is intended to facilitate, not to complete tasks on your behalf. AI will offer tailored support to meet diverse learning needs, by breaking down complex concepts or summarizing information, thereby enriching the educational experience. 40. What’s the text mainly intended to do? A. Prepare schools for effective AI integration. B. Promote the responsible use of AI in education C. Support teaching management through AI tools. D. Ensure data privacy and safe, with AI tools. 【答案】40. B 推理判断题。根据第二段“AI’s purpose in our learning is to enhance, not replace, the effort put into your teaching and learning. Its use is intended to facilitate, not to complete tasks on your behalf. AI will offer tailored support to meet diverse learning needs, by breaking down complex concepts or summarizing information, thereby enriching the educational experience.(人工智能在我们的学习过程中的作用是增强而非取代您在教学与学习中所付出的努力。其应用旨在辅助而非替您完成任务。人工智能将根据不同的学习需求提供个性化的支持，通过分解复杂概念或总结信息等方式，从而丰富学习体验)”结合本文介绍生成式AI的定义与课堂辅助作用，强调数据隐私安全，明确学生使用AI的规则及合理、不当用法，倡导教育场景中负责任地使用AI。可知，文章的主要目的是指导教育场景下负责任地使用AI。故选B。 题型04 推断文章出处或读者对象题 （2025年松江区一模） Pickleball is now one of the fastest-growing sports, and it’s tons of fun. It is played on a badminton-sized court with a net at the center. Each end of the court has a kitchen (the non-volley zone; volley is a hit of the ball before it touches the ground). Follow these simple rules and I bet you’ll be out playing doubles pickleball in no time. 42. Where may you find this article? A. In a journal on sports science. B. From a profile of the sports’ inventor. C. At the “How-To” section of a sports website. D. On an official document of sports rule clarification. 【答案】 42. C 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Pickleball is now one of the fastest-growing sports, and it’s tons of fun. It is played on a badminton-sized court with a net at the center. Each end of the court has a kitchen (the non-volley zone; volley is a hit of the ball before it touches the ground). Follow these simple rules and I bet you’ll be out playing doubles pickleball in no time. (皮克球运动如今已成为发展最为迅速的体育项目之一，而且非常有趣。它在一块羽毛球大小的场地进行，场地中央设有网。场地的两端各有一个“非击球区”（即非击球区；击球时球必须先触地）。“遵循这些简单的规则，我敢保证你很快就能和伙伴们一起玩双人皮克球了。)”以及本文介绍匹克球这一热门运动的场地特点，重点讲解两项核心规则（双跳后可截击、失误终止回合），助力读者快速掌握双打玩法。可知，您可能在体育网站的“操作指南”板块找到这篇文章。故选C。 考向02 阅读理解主旨大意题 （节选） 题型01 文章大意题 （2026 年长宁区一模 A 篇 39 题） In 2016, psychologist Macnamara analyzed 33 studies. She looked at the relationship between intentional practice and athletic achievement. Intentional practice accounted for just 18 percent of the difference in sports performance between average players and experts, and it accounts for only 1 percent of the difference between top performers. In addition, top performers hadn’t started practicing their sport earlier in their childhoods. They had begun about the same time as other students who were not as successful. This suggests that other factors, like natural talent, personality and life history, also play a role in becoming an expert. Becoming an expert is a great goal to work toward. But remember, you don’t have to be great at something to enjoy doing it. You can still enjoy something without being the best in the world at it. 39. What does the writer mainly convey in the passage? A. The 10,000-hour rule covers sports but not music. B. Having fun in activities depends on expert skills. C. Reaching the top requires more than practice. D. Practice alone is enough to ensure greatness, 【答案】 39. C 【解析】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第四段中“This suggests that other factors, like natural talent, personality and life history, also play a role in becoming an expert.(这表明，其他因素，如天赋、个性和生活经历，也在成为专家方面发挥作用。)”以及最后一段“Becoming an expert is a great goal to work toward. But remember, you don’t have to be great at something to enjoy doing it. You can still enjoy something without being the best in the world at it.(成为一个专家是一个伟大的目标。但请记住，你不必擅长某件事才能享受它。即使你不是世界上最好的，你仍然可以享受某件事。)”可知，本文主要讨论了“一万小时定律”及其局限性，指出成为专家不仅需要练习， 还受其他因素影响。故选C。 题型02 段落大意题 （2026年普陀区一模） The progressive — and welcome — move here is that Harvey and Evans consider the whole experience of theatregoing, not just the play in isolation. A night at the theatre can be stressful: the rushed early dinner, the endless queue for the toilet, the squeeze into seats built for small-boned Victorians, and the inevitable head blocking your view. To shorten a show is not to lessen its artistry but to make it more humane, to harmonize art with the rhythms of modern life 45. What is the main idea of the 4th paragraph? A. The RSC is losing artistic value by shortening plays. B. The directors resolve to simplify Shakespeare’s language. C. The audience prefers watching plays online rather than in theatres. D. The theatre experience should consider audience comfort and modern lifestyles. 【答案】45. D 【45题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第四段“The progressive — and welcome — move here is that Harvey and Evans consider the whole experience of theatregoing, not just the play in isolation. A night at the theatre can be stressful: the rushed early dinner, the endless queue for the toilet, the squeeze into seats built for small-boned Victorians, and the inevitable head blocking your view. To shorten a show is not to lessen its artistry but to make it more humane, to harmonize art with the rhythms of modern life.(哈维和埃文斯此番举措兼具前瞻性与亲和力，核心在于他们考量的是观众看戏的完整体验，而非仅仅孤立地看待戏剧本身。去剧院看一场戏，过程可能满是奔波疲惫：火急火燎地扒完一顿仓促的晚餐、排不完的如厕长队、挤进那些为身形纤瘦的维多利亚时代人设计的座位，视线还总会被前排的人头无情遮挡。缩短戏剧时长，绝非是对其艺术性的削弱，而是让戏剧更具人文关怀，让艺术与现代生活的节奏同频共振。)”可知，第四段的主要思想是剧院体验应该考虑观众的舒适和现代生活方式。故选D。 题型03 文章标题题 （2026年静安区一模） Armed with his newfound insight into the birth of rocks, William walked the length and breadth of Great Britain with the intention of surveying and categorizing all the wonderfully different types of rocks that he found. It took William many years of frustration and hardship to draw a huge map of Great Britain by hand. The map, on display today at Burlington House in London, uses beautiful colors to show every layer of rock below in the most precise detail. Unique in its time, William’s map gave birth to every geological survey that we take for granted in the world today. 46. Which of the following might be the best title for this passage? A. How Fossil Patterns Revealed Ancient Seas B. The Man Who Uncovered the Earth’s Story C. The Encyclopedia Britannica and the Rise of Geology D. William Smith:From Miner to Master of Mapping 【答案】46. B 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“Armed with his newfound insight into the birth of rocks, William walked the length and breadth of Great Britain with the intention of surveying and categorizing all the wonderfully different types of rocks that he found. It took William many years of frustration and hardship to draw a huge map of Great Britain by hand. The map, on display today at Burlington House in London, uses beautiful colors to show every layer of rock below in the most precise detail. Unique in its time, William’s map gave birth to every geological survey that we take for granted in the world today.(凭借对岩石形成的新见解，威廉走遍大不列颠，打算对他所发现的各种各样奇妙的岩石进行勘测和分类。威廉耗费多年，历经无数挫折与艰辛，亲手绘制了一幅巨大的英国地图。这幅如今陈列于伦敦伯灵顿宫的地图，用精美的色彩精确细致地展现了地下每一层岩石。威廉绘制的这幅地图在当时独一无二，催生了如今我们习以为常的每一项地质调查。)”可知，本文主要讲述了地质学的发展历程，重点介绍了威廉·史密斯（William Smith）对地质学的开创性贡献，因此本文最好的题目是B选项“The Man Who Uncovered the Earth’s Story(揭开地球故事的人)”。故选B。 重难·创新演练 设题创新:人类基本情绪; 介绍多款热门节日食品；讲述作者长期在托管中心成长，收获温暖与成长、珍藏美好回忆。 Passage 1 【新情境·人类基本情绪】 【来源】上海市格致中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期中英语试卷 There are between 6 and 8 basic human emotions, or so most theories suggest. Psychologist Paul Ekman lists joy, sadness, anger, fear, disgust, and surprise, while psychologist Robert Plutchik adds trust and anticipation to the mix. These basic emotions can be combined in multiple ways – for example, fear plus joy, the combination of two contrasting emotions, creates excitement. Consider the feeling of waiting in line for a roller coaster ride: your heart races with both fear and joy. Emotions can mix or contrast much like colours in art. Primary colours such as red, yellow, and blue combine to form new shades like orange, green, or purple. When these mix further, we get in-between tones such as red-orange or yellow-orange, often given more vivid names like scarlet or amber. In 1962, Plutchik went so far as to arrange his eight primary emotions on a wheel, inspired by the colour wheel, placing contrasting emotions opposite each other (joy opposite sadness; surprise opposite anticipation). Each primary emotion has three levels of intensity. Joy, for instance, can range from serenity at low intensity, to joy, and finally to ecstasy at its peak. Anger can similarly range from mild annoyance, through anger itself, to full-blown rage — the emotional equivalent of fire-engine red. The ‘spaces’ between primary emotions are filled by mixtures of two emotions: joy combined with trust produces love (much like red and yellow make orange), while fear and surprise together can create awe. Although Plutchik’s ‘Wheel of Emotions’ may be somewhat simplistic, it underscores that emotions exist along a spectrum (光谱), vary in intensity, and often occur in complex combinations rather than as isolated states. Just as an artist carefully brings together different shades when creating an artwork, our lives, too, are shaped by emotional combinations. By consciously adding more positive emotions — like serenity, acceptance, and interest — we not only increase our capacity for joy, optimism, and love, but we can also soften the intensity of the less favourable emotions that we experience in life. Emotions can hijack our minds. They prepare us for action, and they neighbour our perception. But they also reveal what matters to us most. […] The basic emotions — anger, fear, sadness, disgust, surprise, and happiness — are universal, recognisable across cultures and even species. They are short-lasting but powerful, automatic responses that help us deal with our social world. But we also develop complex emotions that mix these basic ones. And importantly, we can learn to recognise the micro-expressions and tiny hints on people’s faces to understand their emotional states. This is not just useful — it carries moral significance. Being emotionally literate increases our capacity for understanding, and peaceful coexistence. Emotional awareness, then, is not only about control but about connection. — Paul Ekman, Emotions Revealed 1．Why does the writer mention colour theory? A．To explain how artists use emotion in their work. B．To illustrate the principle behind the Wheel of Emotions. C．To show that colours can express feelings better than words. D．To compare artistic and scientific ways of understanding emotions. 2．Which statement is most probably true according to Plutchik’s theory of emotions? A．Love is one of the most important emotions. B．Opposite emotions can hardly happen together. C．Acceptance can be a mixture of basic emotions. D．Primary emotions occur at a fixed level of intensity. 3．How does the writer comment on Plutchik’s theory of emotions? A．It fails to connect emotions with real-life experiences. B．It downplays emotional complexity but conveys a key idea. C．It provides a detailed and scientific explanation of emotions. D．It focuses more on artistic imagery than on emotional reality. 4．What does Paul Ekman mean by “Emotions can hijack our minds”? A．Emotions are created by external events. B．Emotions are separate from our thoughts. C．Emotions can momentarily take control of us. D．Emotions can be controlled through logical thinking. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕人类基本情绪的分类、组合及强度，结合理论与类比，强调情绪认知的意义。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Emotions can mix or contrast much like colours in art. Primary colours such as red, yellow, and blue combine to form new shades like orange, green, or purple. When these mix further, we get in-between tones such as red-orange or yellow-orange, often given more vivid names like scarlet or amber.(情绪的混合或对比很像艺术中的色彩。红、黄、蓝等原色混合后会形成橙、绿、紫等新色调；这些色调进一步混合，会产生红橙、黄橙等中间色，它们通常有更生动的名称，如猩红或琥珀色。)”、第三段中“1962, Plutchik went so far as to arrange his eight primary emotions on a wheel, inspired by the colour wheel, placing contrasting emotions opposite each other (joy opposite sadness; surprise opposite anticipation). Each primary emotion has three levels of intensity. Joy, for instance, can range from serenity at low intensity, to joy, and finally to ecstasy at its peak. Anger can similarly range from mild annoyance, through anger itself, to full-blown rage — the emotional equivalent of fire-engine red. The ‘spaces’ between primary emotions are filled by mixtures of two emotions: joy combined with trust produces love (much like red and yellow make orange), while fear and surprise together can create awe.(1962 年，受色轮启发，Plutchik甚至将他提出的八种基本情绪排列成一个轮盘，将对立情绪置于彼此对面（喜悦对应悲伤，惊讶对应期待）。每种基本情绪都有三个强度级别。例如，喜悦的强度范围从低强度的平静，到中等强度的喜悦，最终到高强度的狂喜；愤怒同理，可从轻微的烦躁，到中等程度的愤怒，再到完全爆发的暴怒 —— 这相当于情绪中的消防车红色。基本情绪之间的 “空白区域” 由两种情绪的混合体填补：喜悦与信任结合产生爱（很像红色与黄色混合成橙色），而恐惧与惊讶结合则会产生敬畏。)”可知，作者提到色彩理论是为了说明情绪轮背后的原理。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Each primary emotion has three levels of intensity.(每种基本情绪都有三个强度级别。)”第四段中“By consciously adding more positive emotions — like serenity, acceptance, and interest — we not only increase our capacity for joy, optimism, and love, but we can also soften the intensity of the less favourable emotions that we experience in life.(通过有意识地增加更多积极的情绪，比如宁静、接受和兴趣，我们不仅能增强快乐、乐观和爱的能力，还能减轻我们在生活中经历的不太有利的情绪的强度。)”可知，接纳属于积极情绪，而基本情绪可组合并形成不同强度的复杂情绪，因此接纳可能是基本情绪的混合体。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Although Plutchik’s ‘Wheel of Emotions’ may be somewhat simplistic, it underscores that emotions exist along a spectrum (光谱), vary in intensity, and often occur in complex combinations rather than as isolated states.(虽然Plutchik的“情绪轮”可能有些简单，但它强调了情绪是沿着一个光谱存在的，强度不同，而且经常以复杂的组合出现，而不是孤立的状态。)”可知，作者认为该理论虽简化了情绪的复杂性，但传达了核心观点，即情绪存在于一个光谱中，强度不同，且常常以复杂的组合形式出现。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Emotions can hijack our minds. They prepare us for action, and they neighbour our perception. But they also reveal what matters to us most.(Emotions can hijack our minds.它们让我们为行动做好准备，并且与我们的感知紧密相连。但它们也揭示了什么对我们最重要。)”可知，Paul Ekman说的“Emotions can hijack our minds”意思是情绪可以暂时控制我们，影响我们的行动和感知。故选C。 Passage 2 【新情境·多款热门节日食品】 【来源】上海市徐汇区上海中学2025-2026学年高三上学期练习英语试题 Many nutrition experts say it’s important to enjoy your favorite holiday foods rather than trying to skip them. But you can make better choices and still satisfy your cravings if you know where the sneaky sugars, sodium, and fat hide. Here, we take a closer look at a few popular foods you’re likely to encounter this season to help you pick the right option for you. Cranberry sauce vs Gravy Choosing between these two turkey-toppers? Gravy is high in sodium (钠) (about 340 mg per 1/4cup) , but canned cranberry sauce packs 22 grams of added sugars — more than a slice of apple or pumpkin pie. And cranberry sauce has almost quadruple the calories of gravy. Mashed potatoes vs Sweet potato casserole Trying to pick a classic holiday side? Plain mashed potatoes (made with milk, butter, and a pinch of salt) are creamy but relatively moderate — about 160 calories and 60mg of sodium per 1/2 cup. But sweet potato casserole, often loaded with brown sugar, marshmallows, and butter, cranks up the sugar to around 18 grams per serving (nearly half the daily added sugar limit) and pushes calories to 250 or more. Spiral ham vs Roast beef Spiral ham is lean — but it has nitrates (硝酸盐) and nitrites (亚硝酸盐), which, when they interact with protein, create compounds that may cause cancer. Plus, ham is high in sodium: 990 mg. A lean cut of beef, like bottom round roast, has similar calories, less sodium, and no nitrates or nitrites. Panettone vs Fruit cake These traditional festival treats have similar calorie and sugar counts, and both contain dried fruit. But the colorful glacé (糖渍的) fruit often used in fruit cake is made with artificial dyes, including red#40, which will be banned by the end of 2026. Panettone typically doesn’t have those. 1．Which of the following is a better pick, according to the article? A．Cranberry sauce. B．Roast beef. C．Fruit cake. D．Sweet potato casserole. 2．Which of the following statements is TRUE? A．Sweet potato casserole contains less sugar than mashed potatoes. B．Spiral ham is fat, and therefore considered unhealthy for people. C．Fruit cakes contain artificial dyes and will be banned soon. D．Although gravy is high in sodium, it contains fewer calories. 3．Where can you most probably find this article? A．In an encyclopedia. B．In a consumer magazine. C．In a scientific journal. D．In a textbook about nutrition. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要对比分析多款热门节日食品的糖分、钠、热量等营养成分，为读者在节日期间选择更健康的食物提供参考。 1．细节理解题。根据Spiral ham vs Roast beef部分中的“Spiral ham is lean — but it has nitrates (硝酸盐) and nitrites (亚硝酸盐), which, when they interact with protein, create compounds that may cause cancer. Plus, ham is high in sodium: 990 mg. A lean cut of beef, like bottom round roast, has similar calories, less sodium, and no nitrates or nitrites. (螺旋火腿脂肪含量低，但含有硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐，这些物质与蛋白质相互作用时会产生可能致癌的化合物。此外，火腿钠含量极高：990毫克。而牛后臀尖等瘦牛肉，热量相当，钠含量更低，且不含硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐)”可知，烤牛肉（瘦牛肉）相比其他选项是更优选择。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据Cranberry sauce vs Gravy部分中的“Gravy is high in sodium (钠) (about 340 mg per 1/4cup) , but canned cranberry sauce packs 22 grams of added sugars — more than a slice of apple or pumpkin pie. And cranberry sauce has almost quadruple the calories of gravy. (肉汁钠含量高（每1/4杯约340毫克），但罐装蔓越莓酱含有22克添加糖——比一片苹果派或南瓜派还多。而且蔓越莓酱的热量几乎是肉汁的四倍)”可知，虽然肉汁钠含量高，但热量更低。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据全文内容，尤其是第一段中的“Here, we take a closer look at a few popular foods you’re likely to encounter this season to help you pick the right option for you.(在这里，我们将深入介绍几款你在这个季节大概率会接触到的热门美食，帮你选出最适合自己的那一款。)”以及下文介绍的节日热门食品的营养对比可知，本文旨在为普通消费者提供实用的饮食选择建议，语言通俗、贴近生活，最可能出自消费者杂志。故选B项。 Passage 3 【新情境·珍藏美好回忆】 【来源】上海市实验学校2024-2025学年度第二学期高三2月月考英语试题 I was the ultimate day care kid — I never left. From before I could walk to the start of middle school, Kimmy’s day care was my second home. While my classmates went home with stay-at-home moms, I traveled to the town next door where the houses are smaller. At school, I stuck out. I was one of the few brown kids. Both of my parents worked full time. We didn’t spend money on tutors when I got a poor test score. I’d never owned a pair of Lululemon leggings, and my mom was not expert in the art of yoga. At school, I was a blade of green grass in a California lawn, but at day care, I blended in. The kids ranged from infants to toddlers and I was the oldest. As an only child, this was my window into a sibling relationship — well, seven sibling relationships. I played with them till we dropped, held them when they cried, got annoyed when they took my things. And the kids did the same for me. Kimmy called herself “the substitute mother,” but she never gave herself enough credit. She listened while I gushed about my day, held me when I had a fever and came running when I fell out of the tree. From her, I learned to feed a baby a bottle, and recognize when a child was about to walk. I saw dozens of first steps, heard hundreds of first words, celebrated countless birthdays. Most importantly, I learned to let the bottle go when the baby could feed herself. And I collected all the firsts, memories and stories of each kid, spinning elaborate tales to the parents at the end of the day. I was the memory keeper, each page titled with a child’s name and the moments I was afraid they wouldn’t remember. I don’t go to day care anymore. When I look back, I see Kimmy and my seven “siblings.” I see the beginnings of lives, and a place that quietly shapes the children who run across the lawn below. The baby stares curiously up at me from the patio (露台), bouncing in her seat. She will be walking soon, Kimmy says. As will I. 1．Which of the following is NOT true about the author? A．She felt that she did not belong when she was at school. B．Her family didn’t have much spare money for small luxuries. C．She was born to a poor family from an ethnic background. D．She wanted to have a sibling who could take care of her. 2．In the last paragraph, what does the author mean by “As will I”? A．I will be walking away from day care. B．I will be growing up as the baby is. C．I will go visiting them in the future. D．I will keep day care days in mind. 3．Why does the author say that “I was the ultimate day care kid — I never left”? A．She was unwilling to move on to a new life. B．She kept all the precious memories there. C．She was by far the oldest child at day care. D．She was the last kid to leave day care. 4．The author gave Kimmy credit for all the things EXCEPT __________. A．Kimmy’s patience and concern in her care B．her leading by example in looking after kids C．substituting for her mother in her upbringing D．teaching the author her philosophy of childcare 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．B 4．C 【导语】文章主要讲述作者长期在托管中心成长，收获温暖与成长、珍藏美好回忆。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第三段中“At school, I stuck out.(在学校里，我显得格格不入。)”可知，作者觉得自己格格不入，在学校没有归属感，A项正确；根据第三段中“We didn’t spend money on tutors when I got a poor test score. I’d never owned a pair of Lululemon leggings, and my mom was not expert in the art of yoga.(我考试失利时家里不会请家教，我从未拥有过名牌运动裤，妈妈也不懂瑜伽。)”可知，作者家庭不富裕，无力承担奢侈消费，B项、C项正确；根据第四段中“As an only child, this was my window into a sibling relationship — well, seven sibling relationships.(作为独生女，这里让我体验到兄弟姐妹般的相处模式。)”可知，作者只是体验手足情谊，并非想要兄弟姐妹照顾自己。 错误。 2．词句猜测题。根据最后一段中“The baby stares curiously up at me from the patio (露台), bouncing in her seat. She will be walking soon, Kimmy says. As will I.(婴儿在露台上好奇地抬头看着我，在她的座位上蹦跳着。金米说她很快就要会走路了。我也一样。)”可知，小宝宝在成长、学会新本领，作者也在不断成长蜕变。因此这句话指作者会像婴儿一样不断长大、蜕变。 3．推理判断题。根据第六段中“And I collected all the firsts, memories and stories of each kid, spinning elaborate tales to the parents at the end of the day. I was the memory keeper, each page titled with a child’s name and the moments I was afraid they wouldn’t remember.(我收集了每个孩子的所有第一次、记忆和故事，在一天结束时向家长们编织出详尽的故事。我是记忆的守护者，每一页都以孩子的名字命名，记录着那些我怕他们会忘记的时刻。)”可知，作者称自己是终极托管孩子、从未离开，是因为她珍藏着这里所有珍贵回忆，精神从未离去。 4．细节理解题。根据第五段中“Kimmy called herself “the substitute mother,” but she never gave herself enough credit.(金米自称是“代理妈妈”，但她低估了自己的付出。)”可知，是金米自己称自己为代理妈妈，并非作者认可她替代了自己母亲的养育角色，因此C项不属于作者认可金米的付出。 名校真题·实战演练 Passage 1 【来源】上海华东师范大学第二附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期月考英语试题 A brain structure that seems to influence food consumption could one day be targeted to enhance interventions for weight loss or gain. Studies have shown that activating neurons in this structure, called the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) — located around the center of the brain and about the size of a sunflower seed in people — increases food intake in mice. In these foundational studies, this was typically achieved through techniques such as optogenetics, which uses light to control neurons in the BNST region. But it was unknown whether taste influences its activity. To learn more about its function, Charles Zuker and his colleagues first imaged the brains of mice while they drank water flavored with one of the five basic tastes — sweet, bitter, sour, salty and umami. The researchers previously linked enjoying sweet tastes to activity in a region called the amygdala, and have now pinpointed neurons there that only became activated in response to sweet water. These neurons then activated others in the BNST, sometimes called the “extended amygdala”. This is the first evidence that this structure receives taste signals, says Haijiang Cai at the University of Arizona. The researchers then wanted to understand whether these activated BNST neurons influence dietary consumption, so they genetically engineered the cells so that they didn’t activate when mice tasted sweet water. Over 10 minutes, these mice drank substantially less than normal ones, suggesting that activation of BNST neurons enhances consumption of sweet tastes. But the researchers also found that artificial activation prompted mice to consume more water of any taste, including whether it was unflavoured, salty or bitter, despite them usually avoiding the latter taste. In further experiments, the team found that substantially more BNST neurons were activated by sweet and salty signals in hungry or salt-low mice, respectively, compared with those that were fed until they were full or had normal salt levels. This suggests that the BNST integrates signals for hunger and nutrient deficiency, in addition to taste, to determine food intake, says Cai. The findings are highly relevant to people, as our BNST is very similar to that of mice, says Cai. They suggest that developing drugs that activate BNST neurons could potentially help to encourage eating in people with a severe loss of appetite, he says. However, more than a dozen brain pathways have been linked to food intake, says Cai, and some of these may compensate for any prolonged drug-related changes in BNST activity, so targeting multiple feeding circuits at the same time will probably be needed, he says. The study could also help us achieve better results with weight-loss treatments, such as the GLP-1 drug semaglutide. These can bind to neurons in the BNST, so a better understanding of how it alters food consumption could help us gain a clearer picture of how such drugs work, says Sarah Stern. 1．What was previously unknown about the BNST? A．Its location in the human brain B．Whether it receives taste signals C．Its function of increasing mice’s food intake D．The similarity of human BNST to the mouse BNST 2．What did the genetic engineering of mice’s BNST neurons reveal? A．Mice consume more of any water, regardless of the taste. B．Mice drank less sweet water when these neurons were not activated. C．The BNST has no connection to the amygdala’s taste-related neurons. D．Bitter taste became more appealing to mice even without neuron activation. 3．Which of the following statements is true according to the text? A．BNST mainly relies on taste preferences to regulate eating behavior. B．The study proves semaglutide works only by binding to BNST neurons. C．Using BNST-activating drugs needs to be combined with targeting other brain feeding circuits. D．Prolonged use of BNST-activating drugs will damage other brain pathways related to food intake. 4．Which title best fits the passage? A．Area of brain behind food urges identified B．New findings to improve weight-loss drugs C．How hunger changes the activity of brain neurons D．Mice experiments: unlocking secrets of bitter taste avoidance 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】文章主要介绍了科研人员通过小鼠实验，发现终纹床核（BNST）这一大脑结构会接收味觉信号，整合饥饿、营养缺乏与味觉信息来调控进食量，该发现有望研发改善食欲、减重的相关药物，同时指出单独靶向该脑区存在局限。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据原文第二段“But it was unknown whether taste influences its activity.(但当时人们并不清楚味觉是否会影响它的活动。)”以及原文第四段“This is the first evidence that this structure receives taste signals, says Haijiang Cai at the University of Arizona.(亚利桑那大学的Haijiang Cai表示，这是首个证明该脑区能接收味觉信号的证据。)”可知，此前人们不清楚 BNST是否接收味觉信号。 2．细节理解题。根据原文第五段“The researchers then wanted to understand whether these activated BNST neurons influence dietary consumption, so they genetically engineered the cells so that they didn’t activate when mice tasted sweet water.(随后研究人员想要弄清楚这些被激活的终纹床核神经元是否会影响进食量，于是他们对这些细胞进行了基因改造，让小鼠尝到甜味水时，这类神经元不会被激活。)”及“Over 10 minutes, these mice drank substantially less than normal ones, suggesting that activation of BNST neurons enhances consumption of sweet tastes.(在十分钟的观察期内，这些小鼠的饮用量远低于正常小鼠，这说明BNST神经元的激活会促进小鼠摄入甜味食物。)”可知，当这些神经元无法被激活时，小鼠饮用的甜味水更少。 3．细节理解题。根据原文倒数第二段“However, more than a dozen brain pathways have been linked to food intake, says Cai, and some of these may compensate for any prolonged drug-related changes in BNST activity, so targeting multiple feeding circuits at the same time will probably be needed, he says.(Cai表示，有十余条大脑通路都和进食行为相关，其中部分通路可能会抵消药物长期作用于BNST带来的改变，因此我们或许需要同时靶向多条进食相关神经回路。)”可知，使用激活BNST的药物需要结合靶向其他大脑进食回路的手段。 4．主旨大意题。根据原文第四段“This is the first evidence that this structure receives taste signals, says Haijiang Cai at the University of Arizona.(亚利桑那大学的Haijiang Cai表示，这是首个证明该脑区能接收味觉信号的证据。)”及全文内容可知，文章围绕大脑BNST区域展开，阐述该脑区是调控进食欲望的关键结构，介绍相关小鼠实验、作用机制与临床应用前景，对应标题“Area of brain behind food urges identified (调控进食欲望的大脑区域被证实)” 最贴合全文核心内容。 Passage 2 【来源】上海交通大学附属中学2024-2025学年度第二学期高三英语摸底考试英语试卷 Chinese Animated Film Shatters Box Office Records In less than two weeks since its release, “Ne Zha 2,” an animated film based loosely on Chinese mythology and a famous 16th century novel, has become the highest-grossing movie ever in China. The film will be released in North America on Friday. “Ne Zha 2” is a sequel to what had been the highest-grossing animated film in China. In the 2019 original, Nezha is born as the reincarnation (转世) of a demon with supernatural powers, but destined to live only three years. He fights back against his fate and saves his village. In the sequel, Nezha revisits a similar theme. He challenges the political order and authority governing gods and demons, fighting the Dragon King of the Four Seas and other creatures. “Ne Zha 2 is the rare movie that hits all the marks,” said Raymond Zhou, an independent Chinese film critic. “It targets all demographics, and has successfully won over all of them.” Chinese state media and officials celebrated the movie’s success, portraying it as a recognition of China’s cultural influence. “Chinese culture is constantly moving forward in inheritance and innovation and showing its unique charm,” wrote the Global Times. The industry has gotten a boost from China’s broader efforts to stimulate consumer spending and bring economy back to life. The government added an extra day to the more than weeklong New Year holiday, giving moviegoers more time to go to the theater. In addition, there were discounts, subsidies and other incentives for movie tickets. But Mr. Zhou, the film critic, said the incentives did not explain the success of “Ne Zha 2.” He credited the franchise’s popularity to its spin on classic tales and characters, resonating with younger audiences. As the world’s second-largest movie market, after the United States, Chinese audiences were once a dependable source of ticket sales for Hollywood blockbusters. That is no longer the case. In 2023, no American film cracked the top 10. Hu Xijin, a former editor in chief of the Global Times, said China’s decision to open up to Hollywood films in the 1990s helped advance the country’s movie industry, but China can now stand on its own. “This is the best Chinese animation I have ever seen,” Mr. Hu wrote on Weibo, a social media platform. “The era when Chinese people looked up to Hollywood cartoons like ‘Kung Fu Panda’ and marveled at them is over.” 5．What makes “Ne Zha 2” unique, according to Raymond Zhou? A．It appeals to all demographics and has won over diverse audiences. B．It is based on a classic 16th century Chinese novel. C．It is the first Chinese animated film to be released in North America. D．It received significant government subsidies and incentives. 6．What does the success of “Ne Zha 2” signify, according to Chinese state media? A．The decline of Hollywood’s influence in China. B．The growing popularity of legendary figures based on Chinese mythology. C．The importance of government subsidies in the film industry. D．The recognition of China’s cultural influence. 7．What does the underlined word “incentives” mean? A．Financial benefits or rewards to encourage certain behaviors. B．Government policies to restrict the film industry. C．Public criticism of the film’s content. D．Technological advancements in film production. 8．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Chinese audiences are increasingly favoring domestic films over Hollywood blockbusters. B．Government subsidies are the main reason for the success of Chinese films. C．Hollywood films are still the most popular in China. D．The Chinese film industry still relies heavily on Hollywood for inspiration. 【答案】5．A 6．D 7．A 8．A 【导语】本文围绕国产动画《哪吒 2》打破票房纪录这一核心事件展开，从影片内容、市场火爆成因、行业格局变化、文化意义多个维度进行论述。 【详解】5．细节理解题。根据第四段“It targets all demographics, and has successfully won over all of them.(它面向所有人口群体，成功赢得了所有观众的喜爱。)”可知，Raymond Zhou认为“哪吒2”的独特之处是它吸引了各个年龄层的观众，赢得了广泛的人群支持。   6．细节理解题。根据第五段“Chinese state media and officials celebrated the movie’s success, portraying it as a recognition of China’s cultural influence.(中国媒体和官员纷纷祝贺这部电影的成功，称其体现了中国的文化影响力。)”可知，《哪吒2》的成功意味着中国文化影响力得到认可。 7．词句猜测题。根据倒数第三段“The industry has gotten a boost from China’s broader efforts to stimulate consumer spending and bring economy back to life. The government added an extra day to the more than weeklong New Year holiday, giving moviegoers more time to go to the theater. In addition, there were discounts, subsidies(得益于中国多措并举刺激消费、提振经济，该行业迎来发展利好。政府将原本一周有余的春节假期延长一天，让观众有更多时间走进影院。此外，各地还推出观影折扣与补贴政策)”可知，中国政府想办法让观众更多地去看这部电影，所以会提供观影折扣与补贴政策和其他的一些金钱方面的奖励，incentives的意思是“激励”，和A选项“Financial benefits or rewards to encourage certain behaviors.(鼓励特定行为的财务利益或奖励)”意思相近。 8．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In 2023, no American film cracked the top 10. Hu Xijin, a former editor in chief of the Global Times, said China’s decision to open up to Hollywood films in the 1990s helped advance the country’s movie industry, but China can now stand on its own. “This is the best Chinese animation I have ever seen,” Mr. Hu wrote on Weibo, a social media platform. “The era when Chinese people looked up to Hollywood cartoons like ‘Kung Fu Panda’ and marveled at them is over.”(2023 年，没有任何一部美国影片跻身票房前十。《环球时报》前总编辑胡锡进表示，上世纪 90 年代中国引进好莱坞影片的举措曾推动国内电影行业发展，但如今中国电影已然能够自立自强。他在社交媒体微博发文称：“这是我看过最好的国产动画。国人追捧、惊叹《功夫熊猫》这类好莱坞动画的时代已经过去了。”)”可知，中国观众越来越倾向于选择国产电影，而非好莱坞大片。 Passage 3 （2023年6月上海高考） The Motivated Sequence (序列) of Public Speech The motivated sequence gets its name partly because it follows john Dewey’s problem solution model for thinking and partly because it makes attractive analyses of these problems and their solutions by tying them to human motives. That is, the motivated sequence is both problem-driven and motivation-centered. There are five basic steps in the motivated sequence 1.You must get people to attend to some problem, or to feel discomfort strongly enough to want to hear more. 2. You can create more specific wants or desires, a personal sense of need. 3. When wants or needs are created, you can attempt to satisfy them by showing what can be done to solve the problem or relieve the sense of discomfort. 4. Simply describing a course of action may not be enough, so in the fourth place you can visualize the world as it would look if the actions were carried out, and what it might be like if they were not. 5. With that, if you have done these four tasks well, accidence members should be ready to act — to put into practice the proposed solution to their problems. Five steps Audience response l.Attention Getting attention I want to listen. 2.Need Showing the need : Describing the solution Something needs to be done. 3.Satisfaction Satisfying the need : presenting the solution This is what to do to satisfy the need. 4.Visualization Visualizing the results _________ ? _________ 5. Action Requesting action or approval I will do this. The motivated sequence can be used to structure many different sorts of speeches. It could be used, for example, in a speech urging your classmates to join a blood donors’ association. Or, you could use it to sell a friend insurance. And you can also use it to talk about social problems, such as the environment and the economic crisis. 9．What do we know about the motivated sequence? A．It is the basic principle of problem-solution model. B．It has nothing to do with human motivation. C．It’s both problem-driven and motivation-centered. D．There are six basic steps in the motivated sequence. 10．What can the motivated sequence be used for? A．A speech urging your classmates to quit a blood donors’ association. B．A speech to get your friends to promote a blood donors’ association C．A speech to get your friends to sell insurance. D．A speech on the environmental and economic crisis. 11．Xiao Wang is trying to persuade his classmates to join a blood donors’ association. Help him draft a speech by putting the following five sentences in the right order based on the motivated sequence. (1 ) With the steady supply of blood, emergencies will be met with timely treatment (2)You can help by filling out the blood donors’ cards I am passing out. (3)Our area is short of blood of all types to meet emergency needs. (4) A man died last night in a traffic accident because he lost too much blood. (5)A blood donors’ association guarantees a predictable, steady supply of blood to the medical community. A．(4 ) (3) (5) (1) (2) B．(4 ) (2) (3) (1) (5) C．(4 ) (5) (3) (1) (2) D．(4 ) (2) (1) (5) (3) 【答案】9．C 10．D 11．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了“动机序列”（Motivated Sequence）的概念、步骤及其在公共演讲中的应用。 【详解】 9．细节理解题。根据第一段“The motivated sequence is both problem-driven and motivation-centered.(动机序列既是问题驱动的，也是以动机为中心的)”可知，动机序列既是问题驱动的，也是以动机为中心的。选项C。 10．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The motivated sequence can be used to structure many different sorts of speeches, It could be used, for example, in a speech urging your classmates to join a blood donors’ association. Or, you could use it to sell a friend insurance. And you can also use it to talk about social problems, such as the environment and the economic crisis.(动机序列可以用来组织许多不同类型的演讲，例如，在演讲中可以使用它来敦促你的同学加入献血者协会。或者，你可以用它来卖给朋友保险。你也可以用它来谈论社会问题，比如环境和经济危机)”可知，动机序列可以用来关于环境和经济危机的演讲。故选D。 11．细节理解题。根据动机序列的五个步骤：1. Attention（吸引注意），2. Need（展示需求），3. Satisfaction（满足需求），4. Visualization（可视化结果），5. Action（请求行动）。小王说服他的同学加入献血者协会的演讲首先要让人们关注某个问题，吸引听众的注意力，想要听到更多。即第一步为(4) 昨晚一名男子因失血过多而死于交通事故。接下来要创造更具体的需求或欲望，即第二步为(3) 我们地区缺乏各种类型的血液以满足紧急需要。接着通过展示可以做些什么来解决问题或减轻不适感来满足它们，即第三步为(5)献血者协会保证向医学界提供可预测的、稳定的血液供应。然后描述如果行动被执行后会带来什么影响，即第四步为(1)有了稳定的血液供应，突发事件就能得到及时的处理。最后就是将解决问题的办法付诸实践，即第五步为(2)你可以帮忙填写我发的献血者登记卡。所以正确组织该演讲的顺序为(4)(3)(5)(1)(2)，故选A。故选A。 20 / 20网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第10讲 阅读理解推理判断题、主旨大意题 目 录 模拟·基础演练 1 重难·创新演练 7 真题·实战演练 13 模拟·基础演练 考查重点：新考法突破 “单句细节推理”，转向 “例证逻辑验证、情感态度深层解读、跨段信息整合”；主旨大意题聚焦 “文本整体框架把控”，新考法突破 “首尾段直接概括”，转向 “核心矛盾提炼、辩证性主旨整合… 考向01 阅读理解推断题 （节选） 题型01 推断隐含意义题 （2026年松江区一模） Handled in a smart way, some of AI’s electricity use will help with greening the economy. AI is highly capable of identifying complex patterns and improving systems, which can help reduce emissions. It is already helping improve the efficiency of electrical networks with real-time balance of supply and demand. Besides, it has assisted in reducing petrol consumption in shipping through adjusting routes and speeds to the fittest, and spotting leaks of methane (a greenhouse gas) by cooperating with satellites and ground sensors. 44. We can learn from paragraph 3 that________. A. energy used by AI would otherwise realize a green economy B. energy saving in shipping is partly due to AI-improved routes C. AI’s real-time management has raised electricity consumption D. methane leak detection done by AI can be sensed by satellites 题型02 推断观点态度题 （2026年闵行区一模） Research is largely driven by commercial interests. Alpha is projected to be the world’s largest generation, with more than 2 billion members. By 2029, nearly $5.5 trillion will be spent on Alphas a year, predicts McCrindle’s research firm. That presents an opportunity for businesses, and for the marketing firms that advise “how to prepare for Gen Alpha”. Restrictions on marketing to youngsters prevent many insights. Governments regulate advertisements aimed at minors and stop their personal data from being collected without parental permission. Some surveys about Gen Alpha are filled out by parents, who interpret their children’s habits. Many conclusions do not apply to the youngest members. 44. What can be inferred from the current research on Alphas mentioned in paragraphs 4 and 5? A. Its objectivity may be affected by commercial motivation. B. It is mainly conducted for academic exploration. C. The sample size used in the research process is limited. D. Legal restrictions make the findings more reliable. 题型03 推断写作意图题 （2026年闵行区一模） What is AI’s Role in the Park Hill Classroom? AI’s purpose in our learning is to enhance, not replace, the effort put into your teaching and learning. Its use is intended to facilitate, not to complete tasks on your behalf. AI will offer tailored support to meet diverse learning needs, by breaking down complex concepts or summarizing information, thereby enriching the educational experience. 40. What’s the text mainly intended to do? A. Prepare schools for effective AI integration. B. Promote the responsible use of AI in education C. Support teaching management through AI tools. D. Ensure data privacy and safe, with AI tools. 题型04 推断文章出处或读者对象题 （2025年松江区一模） Pickleball is now one of the fastest-growing sports, and it’s tons of fun. It is played on a badminton-sized court with a net at the center. Each end of the court has a kitchen (the non-volley zone; volley is a hit of the ball before it touches the ground). Follow these simple rules and I bet you’ll be out playing doubles pickleball in no time. 42. Where may you find this article? A. In a journal on sports science. B. From a profile of the sports’ inventor. C. At the “How-To” section of a sports website. D. On an official document of sports rule clarification. 考向02 阅读理解主旨大意题 （节选） 题型01 文章大意题 （2026 年长宁区一模 A 篇 39 题） In 2016, psychologist Macnamara analyzed 33 studies. She looked at the relationship between intentional practice and athletic achievement. Intentional practice accounted for just 18 percent of the difference in sports performance between average players and experts, and it accounts for only 1 percent of the difference between top performers. In addition, top performers hadn’t started practicing their sport earlier in their childhoods. They had begun about the same time as other students who were not as successful. This suggests that other factors, like natural talent, personality and life history, also play a role in becoming an expert. Becoming an expert is a great goal to work toward. But remember, you don’t have to be great at something to enjoy doing it. You can still enjoy something without being the best in the world at it. 39. What does the writer mainly convey in the passage? A. The 10,000-hour rule covers sports but not music. B. Having fun in activities depends on expert skills. C. Reaching the top requires more than practice. D. Practice alone is enough to ensure greatness, 题型02 段落大意题 （2026年普陀区一模） The progressive — and welcome — move here is that Harvey and Evans consider the whole experience of theatregoing, not just the play in isolation. A night at the theatre can be stressful: the rushed early dinner, the endless queue for the toilet, the squeeze into seats built for small-boned Victorians, and the inevitable head blocking your view. To shorten a show is not to lessen its artistry but to make it more humane, to harmonize art with the rhythms of modern life 45. What is the main idea of the 4th paragraph? A. The RSC is losing artistic value by shortening plays. B. The directors resolve to simplify Shakespeare’s language. C. The audience prefers watching plays online rather than in theatres. D. The theatre experience should consider audience comfort and modern lifestyles. 题型03 文章标题题 （2026年静安区一模） Armed with his newfound insight into the birth of rocks, William walked the length and breadth of Great Britain with the intention of surveying and categorizing all the wonderfully different types of rocks that he found. It took William many years of frustration and hardship to draw a huge map of Great Britain by hand. The map, on display today at Burlington House in London, uses beautiful colors to show every layer of rock below in the most precise detail. Unique in its time, William’s map gave birth to every geological survey that we take for granted in the world today. 46. Which of the following might be the best title for this passage? A. How Fossil Patterns Revealed Ancient Seas B. The Man Who Uncovered the Earth’s Story C. The Encyclopedia Britannica and the Rise of Geology D. William Smith:From Miner to Master of Mapping 重难·创新演练 设题创新:人类基本情绪; 介绍多款热门节日食品；讲述作者长期在托管中心成长，收获温暖与成长、珍藏美好回忆。 Passage 1 【新情境·人类基本情绪】【来源】上海市格致中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期中英语试卷 There are between 6 and 8 basic human emotions, or so most theories suggest. Psychologist Paul Ekman lists joy, sadness, anger, fear, disgust, and surprise, while psychologist Robert Plutchik adds trust and anticipation to the mix. These basic emotions can be combined in multiple ways – for example, fear plus joy, the combination of two contrasting emotions, creates excitement. Consider the feeling of waiting in line for a roller coaster ride: your heart races with both fear and joy. Emotions can mix or contrast much like colours in art. Primary colours such as red, yellow, and blue combine to form new shades like orange, green, or purple. When these mix further, we get in-between tones such as red-orange or yellow-orange, often given more vivid names like scarlet or amber. In 1962, Plutchik went so far as to arrange his eight primary emotions on a wheel, inspired by the colour wheel, placing contrasting emotions opposite each other (joy opposite sadness; surprise opposite anticipation). Each primary emotion has three levels of intensity. Joy, for instance, can range from serenity at low intensity, to joy, and finally to ecstasy at its peak. Anger can similarly range from mild annoyance, through anger itself, to full-blown rage — the emotional equivalent of fire-engine red. The ‘spaces’ between primary emotions are filled by mixtures of two emotions: joy combined with trust produces love (much like red and yellow make orange), while fear and surprise together can create awe. Although Plutchik’s ‘Wheel of Emotions’ may be somewhat simplistic, it underscores that emotions exist along a spectrum (光谱), vary in intensity, and often occur in complex combinations rather than as isolated states. Just as an artist carefully brings together different shades when creating an artwork, our lives, too, are shaped by emotional combinations. By consciously adding more positive emotions — like serenity, acceptance, and interest — we not only increase our capacity for joy, optimism, and love, but we can also soften the intensity of the less favourable emotions that we experience in life. Emotions can hijack our minds. They prepare us for action, and they neighbour our perception. But they also reveal what matters to us most. […] The basic emotions — anger, fear, sadness, disgust, surprise, and happiness — are universal, recognisable across cultures and even species. They are short-lasting but powerful, automatic responses that help us deal with our social world. But we also develop complex emotions that mix these basic ones. And importantly, we can learn to recognise the micro-expressions and tiny hints on people’s faces to understand their emotional states. This is not just useful — it carries moral significance. Being emotionally literate increases our capacity for understanding, and peaceful coexistence. Emotional awareness, then, is not only about control but about connection. — Paul Ekman, Emotions Revealed 1．Why does the writer mention colour theory? A．To explain how artists use emotion in their work. B．To illustrate the principle behind the Wheel of Emotions. C．To show that colours can express feelings better than words. D．To compare artistic and scientific ways of understanding emotions. 2．Which statement is most probably true according to Plutchik’s theory of emotions? A．Love is one of the most important emotions. B．Opposite emotions can hardly happen together. C．Acceptance can be a mixture of basic emotions. D．Primary emotions occur at a fixed level of intensity. 3．How does the writer comment on Plutchik’s theory of emotions? A．It fails to connect emotions with real-life experiences. B．It downplays emotional complexity but conveys a key idea. C．It provides a detailed and scientific explanation of emotions. D．It focuses more on artistic imagery than on emotional reality. 4．What does Paul Ekman mean by “Emotions can hijack our minds”? A．Emotions are created by external events. B．Emotions are separate from our thoughts. C．Emotions can momentarily take control of us. D．Emotions can be controlled through logical thinking. Passage 2 【新情境·多款热门节日食品】【来源】上海市徐汇区上海中学2025-2026学年高三上学期练习英语试题 Many nutrition experts say it’s important to enjoy your favorite holiday foods rather than trying to skip them. But you can make better choices and still satisfy your cravings if you know where the sneaky sugars, sodium, and fat hide. Here, we take a closer look at a few popular foods you’re likely to encounter this season to help you pick the right option for you. Cranberry sauce vs Gravy Choosing between these two turkey-toppers? Gravy is high in sodium (钠) (about 340 mg per 1/4cup) , but canned cranberry sauce packs 22 grams of added sugars — more than a slice of apple or pumpkin pie. And cranberry sauce has almost quadruple the calories of gravy. Mashed potatoes vs Sweet potato casserole Trying to pick a classic holiday side? Plain mashed potatoes (made with milk, butter, and a pinch of salt) are creamy but relatively moderate — about 160 calories and 60mg of sodium per 1/2 cup. But sweet potato casserole, often loaded with brown sugar, marshmallows, and butter, cranks up the sugar to around 18 grams per serving (nearly half the daily added sugar limit) and pushes calories to 250 or more. Spiral ham vs Roast beef Spiral ham is lean — but it has nitrates (硝酸盐) and nitrites (亚硝酸盐), which, when they interact with protein, create compounds that may cause cancer. Plus, ham is high in sodium: 990 mg. A lean cut of beef, like bottom round roast, has similar calories, less sodium, and no nitrates or nitrites. Panettone vs Fruit cake These traditional festival treats have similar calorie and sugar counts, and both contain dried fruit. But the colorful glacé (糖渍的) fruit often used in fruit cake is made with artificial dyes, including red#40, which will be banned by the end of 2026. Panettone typically doesn’t have those. 1．Which of the following is a better pick, according to the article? A．Cranberry sauce. B．Roast beef. C．Fruit cake. D．Sweet potato casserole. 2．Which of the following statements is TRUE? A．Sweet potato casserole contains less sugar than mashed potatoes. B．Spiral ham is fat, and therefore considered unhealthy for people. C．Fruit cakes contain artificial dyes and will be banned soon. D．Although gravy is high in sodium, it contains fewer calories. 3．Where can you most probably find this article? A．In an encyclopedia. B．In a consumer magazine. C．In a scientific journal. D．In a textbook about nutrition. Passage 3 【新情境·珍藏美好回忆】 【来源】上海市实验学校2024-2025学年度第二学期高三2月月考英语试题 I was the ultimate day care kid — I never left. From before I could walk to the start of middle school, Kimmy’s day care was my second home. While my classmates went home with stay-at-home moms, I traveled to the town next door where the houses are smaller. At school, I stuck out. I was one of the few brown kids. Both of my parents worked full time. We didn’t spend money on tutors when I got a poor test score. I’d never owned a pair of Lululemon leggings, and my mom was not expert in the art of yoga. At school, I was a blade of green grass in a California lawn, but at day care, I blended in. The kids ranged from infants to toddlers and I was the oldest. As an only child, this was my window into a sibling relationship — well, seven sibling relationships. I played with them till we dropped, held them when they cried, got annoyed when they took my things. And the kids did the same for me. Kimmy called herself “the substitute mother,” but she never gave herself enough credit. She listened while I gushed about my day, held me when I had a fever and came running when I fell out of the tree. From her, I learned to feed a baby a bottle, and recognize when a child was about to walk. I saw dozens of first steps, heard hundreds of first words, celebrated countless birthdays. Most importantly, I learned to let the bottle go when the baby could feed herself. And I collected all the firsts, memories and stories of each kid, spinning elaborate tales to the parents at the end of the day. I was the memory keeper, each page titled with a child’s name and the moments I was afraid they wouldn’t remember. I don’t go to day care anymore. When I look back, I see Kimmy and my seven “siblings.” I see the beginnings of lives, and a place that quietly shapes the children who run across the lawn below. The baby stares curiously up at me from the patio (露台), bouncing in her seat. She will be walking soon, Kimmy says. As will I. 1．Which of the following is NOT true about the author? A．She felt that she did not belong when she was at school. B．Her family didn’t have much spare money for small luxuries. C．She was born to a poor family from an ethnic background. D．She wanted to have a sibling who could take care of her. 2．In the last paragraph, what does the author mean by “As will I”? A．I will be walking away from day care. B．I will be growing up as the baby is. C．I will go visiting them in the future. D．I will keep day care days in mind. 3．Why does the author say that “I was the ultimate day care kid — I never left”? A．She was unwilling to move on to a new life. B．She kept all the precious memories there. C．She was by far the oldest child at day care. D．She was the last kid to leave day care. 4．The author gave Kimmy credit for all the things EXCEPT __________. A．Kimmy’s patience and concern in her care B．her leading by example in looking after kids C．substituting for her mother in her upbringing D．teaching the author her philosophy of childcare 名校真题·实战演练 Passage 1 【来源】上海华东师范大学第二附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期月考英语试题 A brain structure that seems to influence food consumption could one day be targeted to enhance interventions for weight loss or gain. Studies have shown that activating neurons in this structure, called the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) — located around the center of the brain and about the size of a sunflower seed in people — increases food intake in mice. In these foundational studies, this was typically achieved through techniques such as optogenetics, which uses light to control neurons in the BNST region. But it was unknown whether taste influences its activity. To learn more about its function, Charles Zuker and his colleagues first imaged the brains of mice while they drank water flavored with one of the five basic tastes — sweet, bitter, sour, salty and umami. The researchers previously linked enjoying sweet tastes to activity in a region called the amygdala, and have now pinpointed neurons there that only became activated in response to sweet water. These neurons then activated others in the BNST, sometimes called the “extended amygdala”. This is the first evidence that this structure receives taste signals, says Haijiang Cai at the University of Arizona. The researchers then wanted to understand whether these activated BNST neurons influence dietary consumption, so they genetically engineered the cells so that they didn’t activate when mice tasted sweet water. Over 10 minutes, these mice drank substantially less than normal ones, suggesting that activation of BNST neurons enhances consumption of sweet tastes. But the researchers also found that artificial activation prompted mice to consume more water of any taste, including whether it was unflavoured, salty or bitter, despite them usually avoiding the latter taste. In further experiments, the team found that substantially more BNST neurons were activated by sweet and salty signals in hungry or salt-low mice, respectively, compared with those that were fed until they were full or had normal salt levels. This suggests that the BNST integrates signals for hunger and nutrient deficiency, in addition to taste, to determine food intake, says Cai. The findings are highly relevant to people, as our BNST is very similar to that of mice, says Cai. They suggest that developing drugs that activate BNST neurons could potentially help to encourage eating in people with a severe loss of appetite, he says. However, more than a dozen brain pathways have been linked to food intake, says Cai, and some of these may compensate for any prolonged drug-related changes in BNST activity, so targeting multiple feeding circuits at the same time will probably be needed, he says. The study could also help us achieve better results with weight-loss treatments, such as the GLP-1 drug semaglutide. These can bind to neurons in the BNST, so a better understanding of how it alters food consumption could help us gain a clearer picture of how such drugs work, says Sarah Stern. 1．What was previously unknown about the BNST? A．Its location in the human brain B．Whether it receives taste signals C．Its function of increasing mice’s food intake D．The similarity of human BNST to the mouse BNST 2．What did the genetic engineering of mice’s BNST neurons reveal? A．Mice consume more of any water, regardless of the taste. B．Mice drank less sweet water when these neurons were not activated. C．The BNST has no connection to the amygdala’s taste-related neurons. D．Bitter taste became more appealing to mice even without neuron activation. 3．Which of the following statements is true according to the text? A．BNST mainly relies on taste preferences to regulate eating behavior. B．The study proves semaglutide works only by binding to BNST neurons. C．Using BNST-activating drugs needs to be combined with targeting other brain feeding circuits. D．Prolonged use of BNST-activating drugs will damage other brain pathways related to food intake. 4．Which title best fits the passage? A．Area of brain behind food urges identified B．New findings to improve weight-loss drugs C．How hunger changes the activity of brain neurons D．Mice experiments: unlocking secrets of bitter taste avoidance Passage 2 【来源】上海交通大学附属中学2024-2025学年度第二学期高三英语摸底考试英语试卷 Chinese Animated Film Shatters Box Office Records In less than two weeks since its release, “Ne Zha 2,” an animated film based loosely on Chinese mythology and a famous 16th century novel, has become the highest-grossing movie ever in China. The film will be released in North America on Friday. “Ne Zha 2” is a sequel to what had been the highest-grossing animated film in China. In the 2019 original, Nezha is born as the reincarnation (转世) of a demon with supernatural powers, but destined to live only three years. He fights back against his fate and saves his village. In the sequel, Nezha revisits a similar theme. He challenges the political order and authority governing gods and demons, fighting the Dragon King of the Four Seas and other creatures. “Ne Zha 2 is the rare movie that hits all the marks,” said Raymond Zhou, an independent Chinese film critic. “It targets all demographics, and has successfully won over all of them.” Chinese state media and officials celebrated the movie’s success, portraying it as a recognition of China’s cultural influence. “Chinese culture is constantly moving forward in inheritance and innovation and showing its unique charm,” wrote the Global Times. The industry has gotten a boost from China’s broader efforts to stimulate consumer spending and bring economy back to life. The government added an extra day to the more than weeklong New Year holiday, giving moviegoers more time to go to the theater. In addition, there were discounts, subsidies and other incentives for movie tickets. But Mr. Zhou, the film critic, said the incentives did not explain the success of “Ne Zha 2.” He credited the franchise’s popularity to its spin on classic tales and characters, resonating with younger audiences. As the world’s second-largest movie market, after the United States, Chinese audiences were once a dependable source of ticket sales for Hollywood blockbusters. That is no longer the case. In 2023, no American film cracked the top 10. Hu Xijin, a former editor in chief of the Global Times, said China’s decision to open up to Hollywood films in the 1990s helped advance the country’s movie industry, but China can now stand on its own. “This is the best Chinese animation I have ever seen,” Mr. Hu wrote on Weibo, a social media platform. “The era when Chinese people looked up to Hollywood cartoons like ‘Kung Fu Panda’ and marveled at them is over.” 5．What makes “Ne Zha 2” unique, according to Raymond Zhou? A．It appeals to all demographics and has won over diverse audiences. B．It is based on a classic 16th century Chinese novel. C．It is the first Chinese animated film to be released in North America. D．It received significant government subsidies and incentives. 6．What does the success of “Ne Zha 2” signify, according to Chinese state media? A．The decline of Hollywood’s influence in China. B．The growing popularity of legendary figures based on Chinese mythology. C．The importance of government subsidies in the film industry. D．The recognition of China’s cultural influence. 7．What does the underlined word “incentives” mean? A．Financial benefits or rewards to encourage certain behaviors. B．Government policies to restrict the film industry. C．Public criticism of the film’s content. D．Technological advancements in film production. 8．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Chinese audiences are increasingly favoring domestic films over Hollywood blockbusters. B．Government subsidies are the main reason for the success of Chinese films. C．Hollywood films are still the most popular in China. D．The Chinese film industry still relies heavily on Hollywood for inspiration. Passage 3 （2023年6月上海高考） The Motivated Sequence (序列) of Public Speech The motivated sequence gets its name partly because it follows john Dewey’s problem solution model for thinking and partly because it makes attractive analyses of these problems and their solutions by tying them to human motives. That is, the motivated sequence is both problem-driven and motivation-centered. There are five basic steps in the motivated sequence 1.You must get people to attend to some problem, or to feel discomfort strongly enough to want to hear more. 2. You can create more specific wants or desires, a personal sense of need. 3. When wants or needs are created, you can attempt to satisfy them by showing what can be done to solve the problem or relieve the sense of discomfort. 4. Simply describing a course of action may not be enough, so in the fourth place you can visualize the world as it would look if the actions were carried out, and what it might be like if they were not. 5. With that, if you have done these four tasks well, accidence members should be ready to act — to put into practice the proposed solution to their problems. Five steps Audience response l.Attention Getting attention I want to listen. 2.Need Showing the need : Describing the solution Something needs to be done. 3.Satisfaction Satisfying the need : presenting the solution This is what to do to satisfy the need. 4.Visualization Visualizing the results _________ ? _________ 5. Action Requesting action or approval I will do this. The motivated sequence can be used to structure many different sorts of speeches. It could be used, for example, in a speech urging your classmates to join a blood donors’ association. Or, you could use it to sell a friend insurance. And you can also use it to talk about social problems, such as the environment and the economic crisis. 9．What do we know about the motivated sequence? A．It is the basic principle of problem-solution model. B．It has nothing to do with human motivation. C．It’s both problem-driven and motivation-centered. D．There are six basic steps in the motivated sequence. 10．What can the motivated sequence be used for? A．A speech urging your classmates to quit a blood donors’ association. B．A speech to get your friends to promote a blood donors’ association C．A speech to get your friends to sell insurance. D．A speech on the environmental and economic crisis. 11．Xiao Wang is trying to persuade his classmates to join a blood donors’ association. Help him draft a speech by putting the following five sentences in the right order based on the motivated sequence. (1 ) With the steady supply of blood, emergencies will be met with timely treatment (2)You can help by filling out the blood donors’ cards I am passing out. (3)Our area is short of blood of all types to meet emergency needs. (4) A man died last night in a traffic accident because he lost too much blood. (5)A blood donors’ association guarantees a predictable, steady supply of blood to the medical community. A．(4 ) (3) (5) (1) (2) B．(4 ) (2) (3) (1) (5) C．(4 ) (5) (3) (1) (2) D．(4 ) (2) (1) (5) (3) 20 / 20网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第10讲 阅读理解推理判断题、主旨大意题 参考答案 模拟·基础演练 考向01 阅读理解推断题 （节选） 1. B 2. A 3. B 4.C 考向02 阅读理解主旨大意题（节选） 1. C 2. D 3. B 重难·创新演练 Passage 1 1．B 2．C 3．B 4．C Passage 2 1．B 2．D 3．B Passage 3 1．D 2．B 3．B 4．C 名校真题·实战演练 Passage 1 1．B 2．B 3．C 4．A Passage 2 5．A 6．D 7．A 8．A Passage 3 9．C 10．D 11．A 20 / 20网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $