专题08 六选四之微观角度考查句子衔接（专项训练）（上海专用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

**基本信息** 聚焦六选四句子衔接，从结构、逻辑、词汇、指代四个微观角度构建方法体系，通过基础-创新-真题三级演练实现知识逻辑递进，提升语言理解与思维分析能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |模拟·基础演练|4考向（结构/逻辑/词汇/指代）含例题|结构衔接（句式/框架）、逻辑衔接（连接词/关系）、词汇衔接（复现/同义）、指代衔接（代词）|从微观衔接手段分类到具体应用，构建“识别-分析-匹配”解题路径| |重难·创新演练|3新情境篇章（工作听音乐/鸟类撞电线/私人言语）|结合新情境强化逻辑与词汇衔接应用|从单一衔接手段到多手段综合运用，提升复杂语境解题能力| |真题·实战演练|含2022上海高考真题等|聚焦段中题及句间逻辑关系|对接高考命题趋势，实现方法迁移与实战能力提升|

第08讲 六选四之微观角度考查句子衔接 目 录 模拟·基础演练 1 重难·创新演练 7 真题·实战演练 13 模拟·基础演练 考查重点：情态动词的基本用法，情态动词在句子翻译中灵活运用…… 考向01 考查结构衔接手段（句式、篇章框架、形式对仗） 【01】 The power of placebo (安慰剂) The power of the placebo effect opens up an exciting opportunity to explore new avenues. Though we may not fully grasp how the placebo effects work, one thing is clear: our minds have an amazing ability to shape not only our thoughts but also our physical health. ____50____ A. Unfortunately, our expectations can also work against us. B. Believe it or not, there are limits to even the strongest placebo effect. C. This effect occurs when a patient is given a treatment that is able to improve their symptoms even though it lacks an active ingredient. D. Additionally, you probably associate pills in general with recovering from illness. E. If we can learn to make use of the power of positive thinking, perhaps one day we can even move beyond using traditional drugs to treat minor symptoms! F. And in routine medical practice, placebos are rarely used on purpose. 【02】 A. Three days later, they saw an interesting chain of events. B. And he selectively treated his wound and not any other body parts. C. Rakus may have observed his mother demonstrating how to treat wounds. D. Laumer and colleagues do not know how or where this behavior originated. E. The findings may provide insights into the evolution of this behavior among humans. F. It’s the first report of suspected wound treatment by a wild animal using a plant with known medicinal properties. Orangutan treats his wound with a medicinal plant (50)________________ Perhaps he accidentally touched a wound while feeding on a plant and experienced its analgesic(镇痛的) effects, causing him to repeat the behavior. It is also possible that Rakus previously learned the behavior from other orangutans, since young orangutans rely on social learning to acquire the skills necessary for adult life. 【03】 A. However, it is not a comparison that the 11-year-old is particularly keen on. B. Interestingly, it was often during unexpected moments that a beautiful melody suddenly came to her. C. Deutscher's most ambitious work has enabled the audience to see her talent. D. Instead of the glass slipper of the fairytale, the prince looks for a lost melody he cannot quite remember. E. The work reinvented the Cinderella fairytale to be set in an opera house ruled by a mean stepmother. F. She never got nervous on stage, as she was just happy that people wanted to listen to her music. Little Miss Mozart An 11-year-old British composer earned comparisons with Mozart after her opera opened in Vienna to enthusiastic applause. Alma Deutscher, who lived in Surrey with her parents, was already world-famous as a violinist and pianist before her first full-length opera made its first performance on the Austrian stage. ......... Conductor Simon Rattle declared he was "absolutely bowled over"when he first saw her perform, but it was Stephen Fry who first predicted that Deutscher could be this generation's Mozart, after watching a video of her performing online. ______ 50______ She said, "I love Mozart very much. He's probably my favourite composer, but I don't really like it when people call me Little Miss Mozart' because I don't like being called 'little'. I'm very big, and secondly, if I just wrote everything Mozart wrote again it would be boring. " 考向02 考查逻辑衔接手段（显性逻辑连接词、句间逻辑关系） 【01】 Disliking Vegetables Can Rub off on Others A research team set about investigating how the facial expressions that people make as they eat affect a person watching them. They asked more than 200 women to watch videos of other adults eating raw broccoli. The people in the videos would have different expressions while eating. They would smile, look neutral or look sickened by what they were tasting. The study found that watching people react with strong dislike to the broccoli reduced how much the women liked it. ___48___ Humans learn which behaviours will benefit them, including eating, by watching the reactions of others. ___49___ Scientists think that people might avoid food that appears sickening because it could help to protect them from eating something that tastes bad or could be dangerous. A. A previous study found that children between the ages of four and six years old were more likely to eat broccoli if they’d seen video clips of adults enjoying it. B. However, a positive facial expression didn’t make them like broccoli more. C. In fact, the impact of observing others eat extends beyond simply dining manners. D. This is known as social modelling, and it is a strong influence on people’s eating habits. E. A new study has found that other people’s likes and dislikes could play a part. F. This phenomenon, often referred to as social influence, highlights how our eating behaviors are not shaped by 【02】 The person procrastinating usually does so despite knowing that the task is important or valuable to them or others, and that putting it off could be risky to them or others. Big projects may bring overpowering feelings which are likely to lead to procrastination. ____48____ Answering an ordinary email from work, for example, may bring instant discomfort, so the urge to escape such negative emotion defeats one’s duty to complete the daily task. A. But that doesn’t mean you’re stuck and that’s who you are. B. Procrastination becomes an easy and ‘dirty’ way of reaction when your handling resources are maxed out. C. Chances are that you will find yourself supported by procrastination all along. D. It isn’t caused by the person’s need to prioritize other tasks or by an unexpected emergency. E. You will become increasingly frustrated with yourself for not getting the task done. F. However, the threat can also come from something tiny. 考向03 考查词汇衔接手段（复现、同义、词汇链） 【01】 ____48____ One respondent believes there is no true emotional bonding without smelling a loved one. Infants recognize their mothers’ odours soon after birth. Individuals were able to distinguish by the smell alone clothing worn by their partners from similar clothing worn by other people. A. Odours are also essential signals in social bonding. B. Besides, odours are granted different cultural values. C. Human’s perception of smell facilitates the spread of human culture. D. Our noses can perceive odours present in extremely small quantities. E. Many respondents noted many of their olfactory likes and dislikes were based on emotional links. F. Some respondents’ preference for a particular odour was influenced by emotional associations. 【02】 Flamingos (火烈鸟) make long friendships Each bird wore a ring around one leg with a unique code to tell them apart. McCully spent months studying their behaviour and built a personality profile for each flamingo. She found that confident, aggressive flamingos walked proudly around in their friendship groups, while the quieter birds carefully avoid those individuals. _____69_____. A．Their long-lasting relationships are important for survival in the wild. B．He teamed up with Fiona McCully, a scientist in animal behaviour. C．The scientists conclude that it’s important to keep flamingos in a large flock. D．According to a recent study, so do flamingos. E．This avoidance may serve to prevent the fights. F．New research shows that flamingos with brighter colors tend to be more aggressive. 考向04 考查指代衔接 （人称 / 指示 / 替代代词 it/this/they/such/one） 【01】 The coming of a new year marks a fresh start and motivates many people to break bad habits. Some are easier to shake than others. However, the tendency to procrastinate is among the stickiest. Whether it’s finishing a piece of work, sending an email or going for a run, some tasks can become unconquerable. The easiest way to deal with these tasks is to put them off until later or never at all. It’s procrastination. It is a specific form of delay that is both unnecessary and voluntary. ____47____ At its heart, procrastination is about avoidance. Rather than the task itself, it’s often the emotions attached to an activity that cause people to pause. Handling the first lines of a college essay may bring up feelings of self-doubt, for example. When you’re faced with a broad question or topic to write about, the lack of clear instructions can produce a fear of not getting it right or of what might happen if you get it wrong. A. But that doesn’t mean you’re stuck and that’s who you are. B. Procrastination becomes an easy and ‘dirty’ way of reaction when your handling resources are maxed out. C. Chances are that you will find yourself supported by procrastination all along. D. It isn’t caused by the person’s need to prioritize other tasks or by an unexpected emergency. E. You will become increasingly frustrated with yourself for not getting the task done. F. However, the threat can also come from something tiny. 【02】 Ratting on Crimes ___50___ They will be armed with custom-made vests (马甲) . With their front paws, they will be able to pull a small ball attached to the chest of their vest, which gives out a beeping sound. This way rats will be able to alert handlers when they detect a target. Once fully trained and prepared, these giant rats could become illegal hunters' worst enemy. A. Previously, they've trained packs of hero rats to detect dangerous bacteria. B. Then they were introduced to common scents used to mask illegal wildlife trade. C. This effort aims to provide a low-cost detection system to prevent illegal hunting. D. However, there are concerns that the rats might be distracted by some common scents. E. Existing screening tools are expensive and time intensive, necessitating a new approach. F. For this purpose, these trained rats will be expected to work in likely hotspots for illegal wildlife trade. 重难·创新演练 设题创新:工作时听音乐有利有弊;解决夜间鸟类撞击电线；小时候使用的私人言语 Passage 1 【新情境·工作时听音乐有利有弊】 【来源】上海市2022-2023学年高三下学期“六校联合教研”质量调研英语试卷 Should you listen to music when you work? Do you like to listen to music when you work? Pose this question at a party, and you’ l probably get some polarizing responses. Some will say they love it, claiming that it improves their performance; others will say they find it distracting and cannot work effectively with music playing in the background. Interestingly enough, our research has found that both of these perspectives can be true. 25 In a recent study, we brought participants into our lab to perform a variety of tasks. They included an easy task-searching through wordlists and crossing out words containing the letter “a” and a more difficult task-memorizing word pairs and recalling the partner to each word. Some participants completed all of the tasks in silence, whereas others completed the tasks with instrumental music that was either loud or soft, and either simple or complex, the latter meaning music with more instrumental tracks. Several key findings emerged from our study. We found that participants who listened to simple music or no music performed about the same on the easy task. 26 Conversely participants performed worse on the more difficult task when they listened to any music, regardless of complexity or volume, compared to those who didn’t listen to any music. What should we make of these findings? We suggest that people have limited mental resources from which both music and tasks can draw. 27 But we also can become overstimulated and distracted when these resources are overwhelmed. Not surprisingly, we typically need to use fewer of our mental resources when we perform easy tasks, whereas demanding tasks require more brainpower. However, because we might be less engaged during easier tasks, there’s a greater risk of drifting off. Music might give us the extra boost we need to plow through the monotony(单调). 28 Listening to music can become overkill. So optimal performance should occur when we strike a “sweet spot,” which may depend on the type of music and the type of task. A．It just depends on what sort of work you’re doing. B．However, difficult tasks already demand a lot of our resources. C．However, participants who listened to complex music performed best on the easy task. D．Our research findings suggest that the effects of music may also depend on our personalities. E．We can become bored and our minds may wander when these resources are underutilized. F．It can actually be helpful to put on some music when you work on something easy and repetitive. Passage 2 【新情境·解决夜间鸟类撞击电线】 【来源】上海市格致中学2023-2024学年高三上学期期中质量调研英语卷 Human activities are killing wildlife at unprecedented rates, with causes ranging from environmental pollution to the built environment. For some bird species, night-time collisions (撞击) with power lines are driving substantial population declines. 13 “We need forward-thinking methods to protect not only large birds that are at greater risk from power lines but also millions of smaller migratory birds,” says Anne Lacy of the International Crane Foundation. Half of all avian species can see ultraviolet light. So James Dwyer, a wildlife biologist at utility consulting firm EDM International in Fort Collins, Colo., had the idea of using near-visible UV light to illuminate power lines. EDM’s engineering team and the Dawson Public Power District developed such light systems and installed them on a tower supporting a power line at Rowe Sanctuary. 14 Richard Loughery, director of environmental activities at the Edison Electric Institute, who was not involved in the project, says the new UV system adds an important tool for use in hotspots where endangered bird species nest and feed. 15 Insects did not swarm toward the lights, nor did bats or night-hawks do so in pursuit of a meal. And Dwyer says birds are unlikely to confuse such near-ground UV illumination with natural cues such as starlight. “I don’t want utilities to build lines wherever they want because there’s a new tool,” says biologist Robert Harms of the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, who was not involved in the work. 16 A．Some recommend that utility companies mark their power lines with plastic attachments to increase visibility. B．But for existing lines, he says, the UV system could be “absolutely amazing”. C．Over a 38-night period, crane collisions decreased by 98 percent when the lights were on. D．The researchers did not observe any negative impacts on other species. E．But now scientists have come up with a clever way to make the cables easier for birds to spot, without causing disturbances to humans. F．Biologists reported that 300 cranes were killed in one month in 2009 from collisions with marked lines. Passage 3 【新情境·小时候使用的私人言语】 【来源】上海市第三女子中学2024-2025学年高三上学期阶段练习试题 Your Own Best Friend Talking to yourself may seem a little shameful. If you’ve ever been overheard criticizing yourself for a foolish mistake or practicing a tricky speech ahead of time, you’ll have felt the social restriction against communicating with yourself in words. According to the well-known saying, talking to yourself is the first sign of madness. But there’s no need for embarrassment. 9 It allows us to plan what we are going to do, manage our activities, regulate our emotions and even create a narrative of our experience. Take a trip to any preschool and watch a small child playing with her toys. You are very likely to hear her talking to herself: offering herself directions and giving voice to her frustrations. 10 In fact, almost all of us do a lot of private speech when we are young, and as we grow older, we don’t abandon this system-we internalize it. 11 Besides, psychological experiments have further shown that the distancing effect of our words can give us a valuable perspective on our actions. One recent study suggested that self-talk is most effective when we address ourselves in the second person: as “you” rather than “I”. We internalize the private speech we use as children — but we never entirely put away the out-loud version. 12 You’re, sure to see an athlete or two getting themselves ready for a sharp phrase or scolding themselves after a bad shot. Both kinds of self-talk seem to bring a range of benefits to our thinking. Those words to the self, spoken silently or aloud, are so much more than lazy talk. A．If you want proof, turn on the sports channel. B．According to Lev Vygotsky, adults use public speech to control the behavior of others just the same as the young use private speech to regulate their own actions. C．Far from a sign of foolishness, talking to ourselves is actually a valuable tool for thought. D．This so-called inner speech can improve our performance on various tasks. E．Conducting a dialogue with ourselves might turn out to be one of the keys to human creativity. F．Psychologists refer to this as private speech-language that is spoken out loud but directed at the self. 名校真题·实战演练 高频考点：段中题、根据空格前后的句子内容及逻辑关系来确定答案。 Passage 1 In a world where everyone seems busy chasing goals and managing endless tasks, genuine human warmth often feels rare. Yet, psychologist Dr Lalita Suglani reminds us that a few kind words can make a surprisingly deep difference. Giving compliments, she explains, is more than good manners — it is a simple act with real psychological and social benefits. Most people understand how pleasant it feels to receive praise, but fewer realise that offering it can be equally uplifting. Studies have shown that giving compliments activates the brain's reward centres, releasing dopamine — the same chemical that boosts happiness after exercise or laughter. 1 “When we compliment others,” says Dr Lalita,“we also build our own sense of value and confidence. We start to see ourselves as someone who adds light to others' lives.” There is also a social dimension. 2 They encourage people to look beyond their own concerns and notice positive qualities in others. Such moments of appreciation can ease tension, open conversation, and even repair relationships. In this sense, complimenting others is not simply about kindness; it is a practical way to improve communication and, in turn, emotional health in any community. 3 The act of giving praise releases oxytocin, often called the"love hormone." This chemical supports feelings of safety and connection, much like a hug or friendly smile. Each time we express admiration, our brain rewards us for engaging in positive social behaviour, encouraging us to repeat it. Still, many people find compliments awkward. 4 According to Dr Lalita, such hesitation comes from vulnerability — the fear of being judged or rejected. Yet, she adds,“If we push through that discomfort, we discover how powerful our words can be.” Learning to give sincere compliments is, in fact, a skill. It begins with paying attention, noticing effort, and speaking with honesty. When practiced often, it can lift moods, deepen trust, and make everyday life a little brighter for everyone involved. A．Nevertheless, this comes at a cost. B．Compliments help to strengthen bonds, creating trust and belonging. C．While some hesitate to give compliments, others express it openly and with complete ease. D．Science provides a clear explanation. E．Some feel shy about expressing warmth; others fear being misunderstood or sounding insincere. F．This reaction makes both the giver and receiver feel more relaxed, satisfied, and connected. Passage 2 “Be present.” This is the slogan of mindfulness meditation and a supposed key to self-awareness and acceptance. Mindfulness may have psychological benefits. Earlier this year, a synthesis of randomized controlled trials revealed that mindfulness-based interventions had small to moderate benefits for a number of health outcomes, including stress, anxiety and depression. 5 . That is, as we develop skills in complex tasks, we can perform them with increasing facility until attention seems to be unnecessary. Everyday examples range from riding a bike to chopping cucumbers-to brushing your teeth. Forming this state of “automaticity” are mental processes that can be executed without paying attention to them. 6 . We don’t perform all tasks automatically, but many can be performed this way once they are well practised. To be clear, paying attention is important when learning a new skill. But research has also revealed that paying too much attention to what you’re doing can have damaging effects, particularly when you perform well-practised skills. In fact, this is one reason why some experts appear to “choke under pressure”: 7 . In a classic study, cognitive scientist Sian Beilock and her colleagues had skilled golfers attempt to sink putts (推球入洞) under different experimental conditions. In one scheme, the golfers were simply instructed to pay attention to the swing of their club and say “stop” when they finished their swing. In another condition, they were directed to listen for a target sound while ignoring other noises and say the word “tone” when they heard the target sound. Surprisingly, the skilled golfers performed considerably worse when they focused on their swing than when they paid attention to irrelevant sounds. Nevertheless, the important message from this research is that focusing too carefully on the execution of well-practiced motor sequences can cause mistakes. 8 . But there are situations where we should let automaticity take over. The next time you ride a bike or join in a sport, don’t overthink it. A．In any type of mindfulness exercise, the goal is to perform routine activities with a heightened sense of attention. B．Although mindfulness has its advantages, psychological research has also revealed that in some circumstances it’s important to be mindless. C．They think too much about the mechanics of the task at hand. D．Automaticity can be disrupted by explicit attention when the devotion of conscious attention to the pattern alters the content or timing of that pattern itself. E．Of course, we should not resign to go through life on autopilot, missing opportunities to make deeper connections with ourselves, one another and our environment. F．These processes run off without conscious awareness — a chain reaction of mental events. Passage 3 （2022年7月·上海高考真题） Should Writers Be Paid for Their E-books Lent by Libraries? When libraries lend books to the public, authors and publishers receive remuneration from the Government under the Lending Rights schemes. 1 Is this fair? This year, the government has distributed almost a $22 million under these Public Lending Rights and Educational Lending Rights Schemes. For each book in public library collections, creators receive $2.11 and publishers receive $0.52. The amount that each claimant receives is often not very significant, with the majority of authors receiving between $100 — 500 annually. Still, a previous study has revealed that this remuneration constitutes the second most important source of income for creators from their creative work. E-books, however, are not covered by these Lending Rights schemes. 2 But e-book lending is increasing and, according to the Australian Library and Information Association, e-books are likely to reach 20% of library holdings by 2020. Also, most, if not all, self-published titles are done so in digital format only. Such self-published titles, if lent by libraries, would not qualify for any remuneration. 3 Although the Book Industry Collaborative Council made such proposal already in a report of 2013, nothing has happened of yet. One of the main reasons why e-books are not covered is that e-book lending is quite different from print book lending. In case of print books, authors and publishers are arguably losing on customers and revenues when libraries loan their books for free. Creators only receive $2.11 and publishers receive $0.52 for each book in public library collections. At present, in the case of e-books, many publishers chose not to sell these books to libraries. 4 While publishers charge libraries high prices for e-books, writers complain that these amounts do not reach them. Publishing contracts often don’t specify whether and how much authors receive for e-books sales or for e-lending. A．However, this is not the case when libraries lend e-books. B．This may not be a big issue now, for e-books are minor in publishing. C．Also, publishers assume get more profits from libraries where readers pay them more. D．Publishing contracts often don’t specify whether and how much authors receive for e-books sales or for e-lending. E．Extension alone would do little if the current funds under the schemes were merely re-distributed from books to e-books. F．For this reason, authors and publishers have been talking the Government into extending the Lending Rights Schemes to e-books. 20 / 20网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第08讲 六选四之微观角度考查句子衔接 参考答案 模拟·基础演练 考向01 考查结构衔接手段（句式、篇章框架、形式对仗） 【01】【答案】 50. E 【02】 【答案】 50. D 【03】 答案 50. A 考向02 考查逻辑衔接手段（显性逻辑连接词、句间逻辑关系） 【01】【答案】 48. B 49. D 【02】【答案】 48. F 考向03 考查词汇衔接手段（复现、同义、词汇链） 【01】【答案】 48. A 【02】【答案】19．E 考向04 考查指代衔接 （人称 / 指示 / 替代代词 it/this/they/such/one） 【01】【答案】47. D 【02】【答案 50. F 重难·创新演练 Passage 1 【答案】25．A 26．C 27．E 28．B Passage 2 【答案】13．E 14．C 15．D 16．B Passage 3 【答案】9．C 10．F 11．B 12．A 名校真题·实战演练 Passage 1 【答案】1．F 2．B 3．D 4．E Passage 2 【答案】5．B 6．F 7．C 8．E Passage 3 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．F 4．C 20 / 20网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第08讲 六选四之微观角度考查句子衔接 目 录 模拟·基础演练 1 重难·创新演练 7 真题·实战演练 13 模拟·基础演练 考查重点：情态动词的基本用法，情态动词在句子翻译中灵活运用…… 考向01 考查结构衔接手段（句式、篇章框架、形式对仗） 【01】 The power of placebo (安慰剂) The power of the placebo effect opens up an exciting opportunity to explore new avenues. Though we may not fully grasp how the placebo effects work, one thing is clear: our minds have an amazing ability to shape not only our thoughts but also our physical health. ____50____ A. Unfortunately, our expectations can also work against us. B. Believe it or not, there are limits to even the strongest placebo effect. C. This effect occurs when a patient is given a treatment that is able to improve their symptoms even though it lacks an active ingredient. D. Additionally, you probably associate pills in general with recovering from illness. E. If we can learn to make use of the power of positive thinking, perhaps one day we can even move beyond using traditional drugs to treat minor symptoms! F. And in routine medical practice, placebos are rarely used on purpose. 【答案】 50. E 【50题详解】 根据上文“Though we may not fully grasp how the placebo effects work, one thing is clear: our minds have an amazing ability to shape not only our thoughts but also our physical health.(尽管我们可能无法完全理解安慰剂效应的工作原理，但有一点是清楚的：我们的思想具有惊人的能力，不仅能塑造我们的想法，还能影响我们的身体健康。)”可知，空处将进一步讨论安慰剂效应未来的利用，E选项“如果我们能学会利用积极思维的力量，或许有一天我们甚至能超越使用传统药物治疗轻微症状”恰恰承接了上文并展望未来。故选E。 【02】 A. Three days later, they saw an interesting chain of events. B. And he selectively treated his wound and not any other body parts. C. Rakus may have observed his mother demonstrating how to treat wounds. D. Laumer and colleagues do not know how or where this behavior originated. E. The findings may provide insights into the evolution of this behavior among humans. F. It’s the first report of suspected wound treatment by a wild animal using a plant with known medicinal properties. Orangutan treats his wound with a medicinal plant (50)________________ Perhaps he accidentally touched a wound while feeding on a plant and experienced its analgesic(镇痛的) effects, causing him to repeat the behavior. It is also possible that Rakus previously learned the behavior from other orangutans, since young orangutans rely on social learning to acquire the skills necessary for adult life. 【答案】 50. D： 后文开始猜测红毛猩猩这种行为的起源，如可能是偶然体验到植物的镇痛效果后重复行为，也可能是从其他猩猩那里学来的。D 选项 “劳默和他的同事们不知道这种行为是如何产生的，也不知道它起源于何处”，能够很好地引出后文对行为起源的各种猜测，起到了承上启下的过渡作用，使文章从对行为的描述自然地过渡到对行为起源的探讨。 【03】 A. However, it is not a comparison that the 11-year-old is particularly keen on. B. Interestingly, it was often during unexpected moments that a beautiful melody suddenly came to her. C. Deutscher's most ambitious work has enabled the audience to see her talent. D. Instead of the glass slipper of the fairytale, the prince looks for a lost melody he cannot quite remember. E. The work reinvented the Cinderella fairytale to be set in an opera house ruled by a mean stepmother. F. She never got nervous on stage, as she was just happy that people wanted to listen to her music. Little Miss Mozart An 11-year-old British composer earned comparisons with Mozart after her opera opened in Vienna to enthusiastic applause. Alma Deutscher, who lived in Surrey with her parents, was already world-famous as a violinist and pianist before her first full-length opera made its first performance on the Austrian stage. ......... Conductor Simon Rattle declared he was "absolutely bowled over"when he first saw her perform, but it was Stephen Fry who first predicted that Deutscher could be this generation's Mozart, after watching a video of her performing online. ______ 50______ She said, "I love Mozart very much. He's probably my favourite composer, but I don't really like it when people call me Little Miss Mozart' because I don't like being called 'little'. I'm very big, and secondly, if I just wrote everything Mozart wrote again it would be boring. " 答案 50. A 50. A：前文提到斯蒂芬・弗莱预测多伊彻可能成为这一代的莫扎特，后文多伊彻表达自己对被称为 “小莫扎特” 的不喜欢，A 选项 “然而，这并不是这位 11 岁的孩子特别热衷的比较”，起到转折作用，引出她对这种比较的态度，所以选 A。 考向02 考查逻辑衔接手段（显性逻辑连接词、句间逻辑关系） 【01】 Disliking Vegetables Can Rub off on Others A research team set about investigating how the facial expressions that people make as they eat affect a person watching them. They asked more than 200 women to watch videos of other adults eating raw broccoli. The people in the videos would have different expressions while eating. They would smile, look neutral or look sickened by what they were tasting. The study found that watching people react with strong dislike to the broccoli reduced how much the women liked it. ___48___ Humans learn which behaviours will benefit them, including eating, by watching the reactions of others. ___49___ Scientists think that people might avoid food that appears sickening because it could help to protect them from eating something that tastes bad or could be dangerous. A. A previous study found that children between the ages of four and six years old were more likely to eat broccoli if they’d seen video clips of adults enjoying it. B. However, a positive facial expression didn’t make them like broccoli more. C. In fact, the impact of observing others eat extends beyond simply dining manners. D. This is known as social modelling, and it is a strong influence on people’s eating habits. E. A new study has found that other people’s likes and dislikes could play a part. F. This phenomenon, often referred to as social influence, highlights how our eating behaviors are not shaped by 【答案】 48. B 49. D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了科学家的一项新发现：他人对蔬菜的喜好与否会影响我们的喜好。 【48题详解】 根据上文“A research team set about investigating how the facial expressions that people make as they eat affect a person watching them. They asked more than 200 women to watch videos of other adults eating raw broccoli. The people in the videos would have different expressions while eating. They would smile, look neutral or look sickened by what they were tasting. The study found that watching people react with strong dislike to the broccoli reduced how much the women liked it.(一个研究小组着手调查人们吃饭时的面部表情是如何影响观察他们的 人的。他们让200多名女性观看其他成年人吃生西兰花的视频。视频中的人在吃饭时会有不同的表情。他们会微笑，看起来很中性，或者对他们品尝的东西感到恶心。研究发现，观察人们对西兰花的强烈厌恶反应会降低女性对西兰花的喜爱程度)”可知，前文说看到别人强烈不喜欢西兰花会降低观看者对西兰花的喜爱，故此处需要承接上文继续说明研究发现的内容。故B选项“然而，积极的面部表情并没有让她们更喜欢西兰花”符合语境，故选B。 【49题详解】 根据上文“Humans learn which behaviours will benefit them, including eating, by watching the reactions of others.(人类通过观察他人的反应来学习哪些行为对自己有益，包括吃东西)”以及后文“Scientists think that people might avoid food that appears sickening because it could help to protect them from eating something that tastes bad or could be dangerous.(科学家们认为，人们可能会避免吃那些看起来令人恶心的食物，因为这可以帮助他们避免吃那些味道不好或可能危险的东西)”可知，前文提到人类通过观察他人的反应来学习有益的行为，下文则指出人们可能会避免那些看起来令人作呕的食物，这说明人们通过观察他人的反应来学习饮食习惯，这是一种社会模仿行为，故D选项“这被称为社会模式，它对人们的饮食习惯有很大的影响”符合语境，故选D。 【02】 The person procrastinating usually does so despite knowing that the task is important or valuable to them or others, and that putting it off could be risky to them or others. Big projects may bring overpowering feelings which are likely to lead to procrastination. ____48____ Answering an ordinary email from work, for example, may bring instant discomfort, so the urge to escape such negative emotion defeats one’s duty to complete the daily task. A. But that doesn’t mean you’re stuck and that’s who you are. B. Procrastination becomes an easy and ‘dirty’ way of reaction when your handling resources are maxed out. C. Chances are that you will find yourself supported by procrastination all along. D. It isn’t caused by the person’s need to prioritize other tasks or by an unexpected emergency. E. You will become increasingly frustrated with yourself for not getting the task done. F. However, the threat can also come from something tiny. 【答案】 48. F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了拖延现象的本质及其影响因素，指出拖延是一种不必要的自愿延迟，通常源于对任务的负面情绪反应，而遗传和环境因素也会影响拖延行为，最终可能导致心理压力和不良后果。 【48题详解】 前文“Big projects may bring overpowering feelings which are likely to lead to procrastination. (大项目可能会带来难以抑制的情绪，这很可能导致拖延。)”提到大项目可能会导致拖延，后文“Answering an ordinary email from work, for example, may bring instant discomfort, so the urge to escape such negative emotion defeats one’s duty to complete the daily task. (例如，回复工作中的普通电子邮件可能会立即带来不适，所以逃避这种负面情绪的冲动会使一个人无法完成日常任务。)”举例具体说明一些日常的小事也会导致拖延，因此F项“However, the threat can also come from something tiny. (然而，威胁也可能来自微小的东西。)”符合语境，指出微小的东西也会造成拖延，与前文构成转折，后文是对其例证。故选F。 考向03 考查词汇衔接手段（复现、同义、词汇链） 【01】 ____48____ One respondent believes there is no true emotional bonding without smelling a loved one. Infants recognize their mothers’ odours soon after birth. Individuals were able to distinguish by the smell alone clothing worn by their partners from similar clothing worn by other people. A. Odours are also essential signals in social bonding. B. Besides, odours are granted different cultural values. C. Human’s perception of smell facilitates the spread of human culture. D. Our noses can perceive odours present in extremely small quantities. E. Many respondents noted many of their olfactory likes and dislikes were based on emotional links. F. Some respondents’ preference for a particular odour was influenced by emotional associations. 【答案】 48. A 【48题详解】 根据后文“One respondent believes there is no true emotional bonding without smelling a loved one. Infants recognize their mothers’ odours soon after birth. Individuals were able to distinguish by the smell alone clothing worn by their partners from similar clothing worn by other people.(一位受访者认为，如果没有闻到爱人的气味， 就没有真正的情感联系。婴儿在出生后不久就能认出母亲的气味。个体仅凭气味就能分辨出伴侣穿的衣服和其他人穿的相似的衣服)”可知，本段的主旨是气味可以帮助人分辨社会关系。故A选项“气味也是社会关系的重要信号”符合语境，故选A。 【02】 Flamingos (火烈鸟) make long friendships Each bird wore a ring around one leg with a unique code to tell them apart. McCully spent months studying their behaviour and built a personality profile for each flamingo. She found that confident, aggressive flamingos walked proudly around in their friendship groups, while the quieter birds carefully avoid those individuals. _____69_____. A．Their long-lasting relationships are important for survival in the wild. B．He teamed up with Fiona McCully, a scientist in animal behaviour. C．The scientists conclude that it’s important to keep flamingos in a large flock. D．According to a recent study, so do flamingos. E．This avoidance may serve to prevent the fights. F．New research shows that flamingos with brighter colors tend to be more aggressive. 【答案】19．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是火烈鸟拥有长久的友谊。 19．根据空前的“She found that confident, aggressive flamingos walked proudly around in their friendship groups, while the quieter birds carefully avoid those individuals.(她发现自信、好斗的火烈鸟在友谊群中骄傲地走来走去，而安静的鸟儿则小心翼翼地避开那些个体。)”可知，有些安静的火烈鸟会避开这些在群体中骄傲地走来走去的火烈鸟，E选项“This avoidance may serve to prevent the fights.(这种回避可能有助于防止打架。)”中的this avoidance指代的内容与空前内容吻合，且符合逻辑。故选E项。 考向04 考查指代衔接 （人称 / 指示 / 替代代词 it/this/they/such/one） 【01】 The coming of a new year marks a fresh start and motivates many people to break bad habits. Some are easier to shake than others. However, the tendency to procrastinate is among the stickiest. Whether it’s finishing a piece of work, sending an email or going for a run, some tasks can become unconquerable. The easiest way to deal with these tasks is to put them off until later or never at all. It’s procrastination. It is a specific form of delay that is both unnecessary and voluntary. ____47____ At its heart, procrastination is about avoidance. Rather than the task itself, it’s often the emotions attached to an activity that cause people to pause. Handling the first lines of a college essay may bring up feelings of self-doubt, for example. When you’re faced with a broad question or topic to write about, the lack of clear instructions can produce a fear of not getting it right or of what might happen if you get it wrong. A. But that doesn’t mean you’re stuck and that’s who you are. B. Procrastination becomes an easy and ‘dirty’ way of reaction when your handling resources are maxed out. C. Chances are that you will find yourself supported by procrastination all along. D. It isn’t caused by the person’s need to prioritize other tasks or by an unexpected emergency. E. You will become increasingly frustrated with yourself for not getting the task done. F. However, the threat can also come from something tiny. 【答案】47. D 【47题详解】 前文“It’s procrastination. It is a specific form of delay that is both unnecessary and voluntary. (这是拖延。这是一种既不必要又自愿的特殊延迟形式。)”引入拖延的话题，介绍其性质，后文“At its heart, procrastination is about avoidance. Rather than the task itself, it’s often the emotions attached to an activity that cause people to pause. (拖延的核心是逃避。导致人们暂停的往往不是任务本身，而是与活动相关的情绪。)”指出拖延是由逃避与任务相关的情绪导致的，因此D项“It isn’t caused by the person’s need to prioritize other tasks or by an unexpected emergency. (它不是由人们需要优先处理其他任务或意外的紧急情况引起的。)”符合语境，指出拖延不是由什么原因导致的，承前启后，其中的It指代前文的procrastination。故选D。 【02】 Ratting on Crimes ___50___ They will be armed with custom-made vests (马甲) . With their front paws, they will be able to pull a small ball attached to the chest of their vest, which gives out a beeping sound. This way rats will be able to alert handlers when they detect a target. Once fully trained and prepared, these giant rats could become illegal hunters' worst enemy. A. Previously, they've trained packs of hero rats to detect dangerous bacteria. B. Then they were introduced to common scents used to mask illegal wildlife trade. C. This effort aims to provide a low-cost detection system to prevent illegal hunting. D. However, there are concerns that the rats might be distracted by some common scents. E. Existing screening tools are expensive and time intensive, necessitating a new approach. F. For this purpose, these trained rats will be expected to work in likely hotspots for illegal wildlife trade. 【答案 50. F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员训练非洲老鼠识别濒危动物制品气味的相关研究，以及利用这些训练有素的老鼠来打击非法野生动物贸易。 【50题详解】 根据下文“They will be armed with custom-made vests (马甲) . With their front paws, they will be able to pull a small ball attached to the chest of their vest, which gives out a beeping sound. This way rats will be able to alert handlers when they detect a target. Once fully trained and prepared, these giant rats could become illegal hunters' worst enemy. (他们将装备定制的背心。它们会用前爪拉一个小球，小球附着在背心的胸前，并发出哔哔声。这样，当老鼠发现目标时，它们就能提醒处理者。一旦经过充分训练和准备，这些巨型老鼠可能成为非法猎人最大的敌人)。”可知本段是关于老鼠工作的过程，所以F选项“为此目的，这些经过训练的老鼠将在非法野生动物贸易的热点地区工作。”符合题意，并且选项中的this purpose呼应上文（上一段）的停止捕获、杀害和收获动植物的行为，故选F。 重难·创新演练 设题创新:工作时听音乐有利有弊;解决夜间鸟类撞击电线；小时候使用的私人言语 Passage 1 【新情境·工作时听音乐有利有弊】 【来源】上海市2022-2023学年高三下学期“六校联合教研”质量调研英语试卷 Should you listen to music when you work? Do you like to listen to music when you work? Pose this question at a party, and you’ l probably get some polarizing responses. Some will say they love it, claiming that it improves their performance; others will say they find it distracting and cannot work effectively with music playing in the background. Interestingly enough, our research has found that both of these perspectives can be true. 25 In a recent study, we brought participants into our lab to perform a variety of tasks. They included an easy task-searching through wordlists and crossing out words containing the letter “a” and a more difficult task-memorizing word pairs and recalling the partner to each word. Some participants completed all of the tasks in silence, whereas others completed the tasks with instrumental music that was either loud or soft, and either simple or complex, the latter meaning music with more instrumental tracks. Several key findings emerged from our study. We found that participants who listened to simple music or no music performed about the same on the easy task. 26 Conversely participants performed worse on the more difficult task when they listened to any music, regardless of complexity or volume, compared to those who didn’t listen to any music. What should we make of these findings? We suggest that people have limited mental resources from which both music and tasks can draw. 27 But we also can become overstimulated and distracted when these resources are overwhelmed. Not surprisingly, we typically need to use fewer of our mental resources when we perform easy tasks, whereas demanding tasks require more brainpower. However, because we might be less engaged during easier tasks, there’s a greater risk of drifting off. Music might give us the extra boost we need to plow through the monotony(单调). 28 Listening to music can become overkill. So optimal performance should occur when we strike a “sweet spot,” which may depend on the type of music and the type of task. A．It just depends on what sort of work you’re doing. B．However, difficult tasks already demand a lot of our resources. C．However, participants who listened to complex music performed best on the easy task. D．Our research findings suggest that the effects of music may also depend on our personalities. E．We can become bored and our minds may wander when these resources are underutilized. F．It can actually be helpful to put on some music when you work on something easy and repetitive. 【答案】25．A 26．C 27．E 28．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了工作时听音乐有利有弊取决于音乐类型和工作类型，没有明确的对错之分。 25．根据空前的“Interestingly enough, our research has found that both of these perspectives can be true.(有趣的是，我们的研究发现这两种观点都是正确的。)”可知，研究发现，听音乐对工作的影响的两种观点都是对的，结下一段中“They included an easy task-searching through wordlists and crossing out words containing the letter “a” and a more difficult task-memorizing word pairs and recalling the partner to each word.(它们包括一个简单的任务搜索 - 通过单词列表并划掉包含字母“a”的单词，以及更困难的任务 - 记住单词对并回忆每个单词的合作伙伴。)”实验的设计，可知，听音乐对工作的影响取决于做的工作类型，A选项“It just depends on what sort of work you’re doing.(这只取决于你在做什么工作。)”中的it指的是听音乐的影响，讲述的内容与下文内容吻合。故选A项。 26．根据空前的“We found that participants who listened to simple music or no music performed about the same on the easy task.(我们发现，听简单音乐或不听音乐的参与者在简单任务中的表现大致相同。)”可知，此处讲述的是研究的其中一个发现——听简单音乐在简单任务上的影响，C选项“However, participants who listened to complex music performed best on the easy task.(然而，听复杂音乐的参与者在简单的任务中表现最好。)”中的however以及讲述的内容与此处内容相对应，讲述的是研究的另外一个发现。故选C项。 27．根据空后“But we also can become overstimulated and distracted when these resources are overwhelmed.(但是，当这些资源不堪重负时，我们也会变得过度刺激和分心。)”中的but可知，空格内容与此处讲述的内容为转折关系，此处讲述的是任务过多，也会分散注意力，根据also可知，空处讲述的为任务少于此产生的影响是一样的，E选项“We can become bored and our minds may wander when these resources are underutilized.(当这些资源未得到充分利用时，我们可能会感到无聊，我们的思想可能会走神。)”讲述的内容与空后内容相符，逻辑合理。故选E项。 28．根据空前“However, because we might be less engaged during easier tasks, there’s a greater risk of drifting off. Music might give us the extra boost we need to plow through the monotony(单调).(但是，由于我们在较简单的任务中可能不太投入，因此偏离的风险更大。音乐可能会给我们额外的动力，我们需要克服单调。)”可知，简单的任务需要的投入不大，会造成注意力分散，所以需要音乐给我们动力，空后“Listening to music can become overkill.(听音乐可能会变得矫枉过正。)”可知，音乐可能会变得矫枉过正，对应空前的“音乐给我们动力去克服单调”由此可知，此空处对应“简单的任务投入不大，B选项“However, difficult tasks already demand a lot of our resources.(然而，困难的任务已经需要我们的大量资源。)”讲述的是困难的任务需要大量的资源，与空前内容“简单的任务投入不大”对应，与空后内容衔接。故选B项。 Passage 2 【新情境·解决夜间鸟类撞击电线】 【来源】上海市格致中学2023-2024学年高三上学期期中质量调研英语卷 Human activities are killing wildlife at unprecedented rates, with causes ranging from environmental pollution to the built environment. For some bird species, night-time collisions (撞击) with power lines are driving substantial population declines. 13 “We need forward-thinking methods to protect not only large birds that are at greater risk from power lines but also millions of smaller migratory birds,” says Anne Lacy of the International Crane Foundation. Half of all avian species can see ultraviolet light. So James Dwyer, a wildlife biologist at utility consulting firm EDM International in Fort Collins, Colo., had the idea of using near-visible UV light to illuminate power lines. EDM’s engineering team and the Dawson Public Power District developed such light systems and installed them on a tower supporting a power line at Rowe Sanctuary. 14 Richard Loughery, director of environmental activities at the Edison Electric Institute, who was not involved in the project, says the new UV system adds an important tool for use in hotspots where endangered bird species nest and feed. 15 Insects did not swarm toward the lights, nor did bats or night-hawks do so in pursuit of a meal. And Dwyer says birds are unlikely to confuse such near-ground UV illumination with natural cues such as starlight. “I don’t want utilities to build lines wherever they want because there’s a new tool,” says biologist Robert Harms of the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, who was not involved in the work. 16 A．Some recommend that utility companies mark their power lines with plastic attachments to increase visibility. B．But for existing lines, he says, the UV system could be “absolutely amazing”. C．Over a 38-night period, crane collisions decreased by 98 percent when the lights were on. D．The researchers did not observe any negative impacts on other species. E．But now scientists have come up with a clever way to make the cables easier for birds to spot, without causing disturbances to humans. F．Biologists reported that 300 cranes were killed in one month in 2009 from collisions with marked lines. 【答案】13．E 14．C 15．D 16．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了为了解决夜间鸟类撞击电线导致其数量下降的问题，科学家们想出了一个方法——用紫外线照亮电线。 13．前文“For some bird species, night-time collisions (撞击) with power lines are driving substantial population declines.(对于一些鸟类来说，夜间撞击电线正在导致种群数量大幅下降。)”讲述了人类建造的电线容易被鸟类撞击，鸟类数量大幅下降，后文“‘We need forward-thinking methods to protect not only large birds that are at greater risk from power lines but also millions of smaller migratory birds,’ says Anne Lacy of the International Crane Foundation.(国际起鹤类基金会的Anne Lacy说：‘我们需要前瞻性的方法，不仅要保护受电线影响风险更大的大型鸟类，还要保护数百万体型较小的候鸟。’)”通过引用Anne Lacy的话说明需要前瞻性的方法保护鸟类，所以空处应讲述科学家提出了一个保护鸟类的办法，E项“但现在科学家们想出了一个聪明的方法，让鸟类更容易发现电缆，而不会对人类造成干扰。”符合题意。故选E。 14．前文“EDM’s engineering team and the Dawson Public Power District developed such light systems and installed them on a tower supporting a power line at Rowe Sanctuary.(EDM的工程团队和道森公共电力区开发了这种照明系统，并将其安装在罗韦保护区的一座支撑电线的塔上。)”讲述了将这种紫外线照明系统安装在罗韦保护区的一座输电塔上，这里应说这么做产生的效果，C项“在38个晚上的时间里，当灯亮起时，鹤碰撞减少了98%。”符合题意。故选C。 15．后文“Insects did not swarm toward the lights, nor did bats or night-hawks do so in pursuit of a meal.(昆虫不会向灯光聚集，蝙蝠或夜鹰也不会为了觅食而聚集。)”讲述了这种灯光不会让昆虫、蝙蝠、夜鹰靠拢聚集，由此可知，空处衔接下文，应说这种照明系统不会对其他物种造成影响，D项“研究人员没有观察到对其他物种的任何负面影响。”符合题意。故选D。 16．前文“‘I don’t want utilities to build lines wherever they want because there’s a new tool,’ says biologist Robert Harms of the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, who was not involved in the work.(美国鱼类及野生动植物管理局的生物学家Robert Harms没有参与这项工作，他说：‘我不希望公用事业公司想在哪里建电线就在那里建，因为有一种新的工具。’)”讲述了Robert Harms不希望公共事业公司随意建造电线，再结合上文介绍的紫外线照明系统帮助鸟类避免撞击电线可知，这里应说他对该系统的评价，B项“但他说，对于现有的电线来说，紫外线系统可能是‘绝对令人惊叹’的。”符合题意。故选B。 Passage 3 【新情境·小时候使用的私人言语】 【来源】上海市第三女子中学2024-2025学年高三上学期阶段练习试题 Your Own Best Friend Talking to yourself may seem a little shameful. If you’ve ever been overheard criticizing yourself for a foolish mistake or practicing a tricky speech ahead of time, you’ll have felt the social restriction against communicating with yourself in words. According to the well-known saying, talking to yourself is the first sign of madness. But there’s no need for embarrassment. 9 It allows us to plan what we are going to do, manage our activities, regulate our emotions and even create a narrative of our experience. Take a trip to any preschool and watch a small child playing with her toys. You are very likely to hear her talking to herself: offering herself directions and giving voice to her frustrations. 10 In fact, almost all of us do a lot of private speech when we are young, and as we grow older, we don’t abandon this system-we internalize it. 11 Besides, psychological experiments have further shown that the distancing effect of our words can give us a valuable perspective on our actions. One recent study suggested that self-talk is most effective when we address ourselves in the second person: as “you” rather than “I”. We internalize the private speech we use as children — but we never entirely put away the out-loud version. 12 You’re, sure to see an athlete or two getting themselves ready for a sharp phrase or scolding themselves after a bad shot. Both kinds of self-talk seem to bring a range of benefits to our thinking. Those words to the self, spoken silently or aloud, are so much more than lazy talk. A．If you want proof, turn on the sports channel. B．According to Lev Vygotsky, adults use public speech to control the behavior of others just the same as the young use private speech to regulate their own actions. C．Far from a sign of foolishness, talking to ourselves is actually a valuable tool for thought. D．This so-called inner speech can improve our performance on various tasks. E．Conducting a dialogue with ourselves might turn out to be one of the keys to human creativity. F．Psychologists refer to this as private speech-language that is spoken out loud but directed at the self. 【答案】9．C 10．F 11．B 12．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过研究举例证明我们内化了我们小时候使用的私人言语——但我们从来没有完全放弃大声说出来的论点。这种私人言语是有价值的思考工具，能帮我们做事、调节情绪等。 9．根据上文“Talking to yourself may seem a little shameful.(自言自语可能看起来有点丢脸)”“According to the well-known saying, talking to yourself is the first sign of madness.(俗话说，自言自语是疯狂的第一个迹象)”“But there’s no need for embarrassment. (但没必要尴尬)”可知，后文应该承接这个观点，指出自言自语并不是愚蠢和疯狂的表现。C选项“Far from a sign of foolishness, talking to ourselves is actually a valuable tool for thought. (与自己交谈远非愚蠢的表现，实际上是一种宝贵的思考工具)”能够承接上文，符合文意。故选C。 10．根据上文“Take a trip to any preschool and watch a small child playing with her toys. You are very likely to hear her talking to herself: offering herself directions and giving voice to her frustrations. (去任何一所幼儿园旅行，看一个小孩玩她的玩具。你很可能听到她自言自语：给自己指路，表达自己的沮丧)”以及下文“In fact, almost all of us do a lot of private speech when we are young, and as we grow older, we don’t abandon this system-we internalize it. (事实上，我们几乎所有人在年轻时都会做很多私人演讲，随着年龄的增长，我们不会放弃这个系统，而是将其内化)”可知，前文提到小孩自言自语的情形，后文提到随着年龄增长我们内化了小时候的这种私下言语，空处应是对小孩子这种自言自语行为在心理学上的一种定义或者说法，使前后内容衔接自然。F选项中的“this”指代上文提到的自言自语现象，心理学家将此称为“私人言语”，即大声说出但指向自我的语言，能够承接上文并引出对自言自语这一现象的专业解释。故F选项“Psychologists refer to this as private speech-language that is spoken out loud but directed at the self. (心理学家将其称为私人言语——大声说出但指向自我的语言)”能够承上启下，符合题意。故选F。 11．根据上文“In fact, almost all of us do a lot of private speech when we are young, and as we grow older, we don’t abandon this system-we internalize it. (事实上，我们几乎所有人在年轻时都会做很多私人演讲，随着年龄的增长，我们不会放弃这个系统，而是将其内化)”可知，此处指出我们年轻时经常自言自语，长大后也没有放弃这一系统，而是将其内化。B选项“According to Lev Vygotsky, adults use public speech to control the behavior of others just the same as the young use private speech to regulate their own actions. (根据Lev Vygotsky的说法，成年人使用公共言论来控制他人的行为，就像年轻人使用私人言论来规范自己的行为一样)”能够承接上文，进一步解释了内部言语与公共言语的相似性，从而暗示了内部言语的重要性，以及我们为何会保留这一习惯。故选B。 12．根据上文“We internalize the private speech we use as children — but we never entirely put away the out-loud version. (我们内化了我们小时候使用的私人语言——但我们从来没有完全放弃大声说出来的版本)”以及下文“You’re, sure to see an athlete or two getting themselves ready for a sharp phrase or scolding themselves after a bad shot. (你肯定会看到一两个运动员在投篮不好后准备好接受尖锐的措辞或责骂自己)”可知，空处需要一个引出后面以运动员为例来证明大声自言自语存在的语句。A选项“If you want proof, turn on the sports channel. (如果你想要证据，就打开体育频道)”能够承上启下，符合题意。故选A。 名校真题·实战演练 高频考点：段中题、根据空格前后的句子内容及逻辑关系来确定答案。 Passage 1 【来源】上海市闵行区七宝中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期中考试英语试卷 In a world where everyone seems busy chasing goals and managing endless tasks, genuine human warmth often feels rare. Yet, psychologist Dr Lalita Suglani reminds us that a few kind words can make a surprisingly deep difference. Giving compliments, she explains, is more than good manners — it is a simple act with real psychological and social benefits. Most people understand how pleasant it feels to receive praise, but fewer realise that offering it can be equally uplifting. Studies have shown that giving compliments activates the brain's reward centres, releasing dopamine — the same chemical that boosts happiness after exercise or laughter. 1 “When we compliment others,” says Dr Lalita,“we also build our own sense of value and confidence. We start to see ourselves as someone who adds light to others' lives.” There is also a social dimension. 2 They encourage people to look beyond their own concerns and notice positive qualities in others. Such moments of appreciation can ease tension, open conversation, and even repair relationships. In this sense, complimenting others is not simply about kindness; it is a practical way to improve communication and, in turn, emotional health in any community. 3 The act of giving praise releases oxytocin, often called the"love hormone." This chemical supports feelings of safety and connection, much like a hug or friendly smile. Each time we express admiration, our brain rewards us for engaging in positive social behaviour, encouraging us to repeat it. Still, many people find compliments awkward. 4 According to Dr Lalita, such hesitation comes from vulnerability — the fear of being judged or rejected. Yet, she adds,“If we push through that discomfort, we discover how powerful our words can be.” Learning to give sincere compliments is, in fact, a skill. It begins with paying attention, noticing effort, and speaking with honesty. When practiced often, it can lift moods, deepen trust, and make everyday life a little brighter for everyone involved. A．Nevertheless, this comes at a cost. B．Compliments help to strengthen bonds, creating trust and belonging. C．While some hesitate to give compliments, others express it openly and with complete ease. D．Science provides a clear explanation. E．Some feel shy about expressing warmth; others fear being misunderstood or sounding insincere. F．This reaction makes both the giver and receiver feel more relaxed, satisfied, and connected. 【答案】1．F 2．B 3．D 4．E 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章阐述了赞美他人所带来的心理和社会益处，并探讨了人们对此感到犹豫的原因以及如何学会给予真诚的赞美。 【详解】1．根据上文“Studies have shown that giving compliments activates the brain's reward centres, releasing dopamine — the same chemical that boosts happiness after exercise or laughter.(研究表明，给予赞美会激活大脑的奖励中心，释放多巴胺 —— 这种化学物质与运动或大笑后提升愉悦感的物质是同一种)”该句点明了给予赞美会触发多巴胺释放的生理机制。空处需要承接上文，进一步说明这种生理反应带来的具体效果。F选项“This reaction makes both the giver and receiver feel more relaxed, satisfied, and connected.(这种反应让给予者和接受者都感到更放松、满意和更有连接感。)”中This reaction精准指代前文的“多巴胺释放”这一生理反应，不仅清晰阐释了该反应带来的双向积极效果，还与语境形成高度契合。再结合下文““When we compliment others,” says Dr Lalita,“we also build our own sense of value and confidence. We start to see ourselves as someone who adds light to others' lives.”(“当我们赞美他人时，”拉丽塔博士说，“我们也会树立起自身的价值感与自信心。我们会开始将自己看作一个能为他人生命带来光芒的人。”)”可知，后文重点论述了赞美他人给给予者自身带来的心理益处，这恰好与F选项中“the giver”相呼应，进一步印证了F选项的合理性，故选F。 2．前文“There is also a social dimension. (赞美还存在社会层面的意义)”为该段定下核心论述方向，即赞美的社交价值。空处需要具体展开这一维度的内容，同时为后文内容做铺垫。B选项“Compliments help to strengthen bonds, creating trust and belonging. (赞美有助于加强人际联结，创造信任与归属感)”精准切中“社交维度”这一核心，清晰点明了赞美在人际交往中的关键价值，与下文“They encourage people to look beyond their own concerns and notice positive qualities in others.(它们鼓励人们跳出自身的关注点，发现他人身上的闪光点)”形成紧密呼应 —— 选项中的“strengthen bonds, creating trust and belonging”是对社交价值的高度概括，下文则进一步说明赞美如何推动人们关注他人、实现良好社交互动，二者共同完整阐释了赞美在社交场景中的重要意义。此外，下文的代词“They”也恰好指代选项中的“Compliments”，形成了严谨的指代逻辑链，进一步印证了B选项的合理性。故选B。 3．前文已从心理和社会两个层面论述了赞美的益处，下文“The act of giving praise releases oxytocin, often called the"love hormone."(给予赞美的行为会释放催产素，这种物质常被称为“爱的荷尔蒙”)” 则将论述视角转向科学原理层面。空处承担承上启下的作用，需要衔接前文的益处总结与后文的科学解释。D 选项“Science provides a clear explanation.(科学为这一现象提供了清晰的解释)”起到了过渡作用，自然引出下文关于催产素的科学分析，逻辑连贯。故选D。 4．上文“Still, many people find compliments awkward.(尽管如此，很多人觉得赞美他人这件事很别扭)”提出了一个普遍现象。下文“According to Dr Lalita, such hesitation comes from vulnerability — the fear of being judged or rejected.(根据拉丽塔博士的说法，这种犹豫源于内心的脆弱 —— 害怕被他人评判或拒绝)”具体解释了这种尴尬感的原因。空处需要一个能具体说明“尴尬”表现的句子，作为对前文现象的展开，并为后文的解释做铺垫。E选项“Some feel shy about expressing warmth; others fear being misunderstood or sounding insincere.(有些人羞于表达内心的善意；还有些人担心被误解，或是担心自己的赞美听起来不够真诚)”恰当地列举了人们感到尴尬的两种具体情况，与上下文衔接紧密。故选E。 Passage 2 【来源】上海市行知中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题 “Be present.” This is the slogan of mindfulness meditation and a supposed key to self-awareness and acceptance. Mindfulness may have psychological benefits. Earlier this year, a synthesis of randomized controlled trials revealed that mindfulness-based interventions had small to moderate benefits for a number of health outcomes, including stress, anxiety and depression. 5 . That is, as we develop skills in complex tasks, we can perform them with increasing facility until attention seems to be unnecessary. Everyday examples range from riding a bike to chopping cucumbers-to brushing your teeth. Forming this state of “automaticity” are mental processes that can be executed without paying attention to them. 6 . We don’t perform all tasks automatically, but many can be performed this way once they are well practised. To be clear, paying attention is important when learning a new skill. But research has also revealed that paying too much attention to what you’re doing can have damaging effects, particularly when you perform well-practised skills. In fact, this is one reason why some experts appear to “choke under pressure”: 7 . In a classic study, cognitive scientist Sian Beilock and her colleagues had skilled golfers attempt to sink putts (推球入洞) under different experimental conditions. In one scheme, the golfers were simply instructed to pay attention to the swing of their club and say “stop” when they finished their swing. In another condition, they were directed to listen for a target sound while ignoring other noises and say the word “tone” when they heard the target sound. Surprisingly, the skilled golfers performed considerably worse when they focused on their swing than when they paid attention to irrelevant sounds. Nevertheless, the important message from this research is that focusing too carefully on the execution of well-practiced motor sequences can cause mistakes. 8 . But there are situations where we should let automaticity take over. The next time you ride a bike or join in a sport, don’t overthink it. A．In any type of mindfulness exercise, the goal is to perform routine activities with a heightened sense of attention. B．Although mindfulness has its advantages, psychological research has also revealed that in some circumstances it’s important to be mindless. C．They think too much about the mechanics of the task at hand. D．Automaticity can be disrupted by explicit attention when the devotion of conscious attention to the pattern alters the content or timing of that pattern itself. E．Of course, we should not resign to go through life on autopilot, missing opportunities to make deeper connections with ourselves, one another and our environment. F．These processes run off without conscious awareness — a chain reaction of mental events. 【答案】5．B 6．F 7．C 8．E 【导语】这是一篇说明文，围绕“正念”与“无意识自动化行为”的关系展开，分析了二者在不同场景下的作用。 【详解】5．根据前文“Mindfulness may have psychological benefits. (正念可能有心理益处)”可知，空处需承接“正念的益处”并引出后文。选项B“Although mindfulness has its advantages, psychological research has also revealed that in some circumstances it’s important to be mindless. (尽管正念有其优势，但心理学研究也表明，在某些情况下，无心也很重要)”既承接前文，又引出后文，符合语境。故选B项。 6．根据前文“Forming this state of “automaticity” are mental processes that can be executed without paying attention to them. (这种‘自动化’状态，指的是无需刻意留意就能完成的心理过程)”可知，空处需进一步解释这一心理过程。选项F“These processes run off without conscious awareness — a chain reaction of mental events. (这些过程在无意识下进行——是心理活动的连锁反应)”中“These processes”指代前文的“mental processes”，且解释了“无需注意力”的特点，符合语境。故选F项。 7．根据前文“paying too much attention to what you’re doing can have damaging effects, particularly when you perform well-practised skills. In fact, this is one reason why some experts appear to “choke under pressure” (过度关注自己正在做的事会产生负面影响，尤其是在你执行熟练掌握的技能时。事实上，这正是一些专家会‘在压力下发挥失常’的原因之一)”可知，空处需说明“压力下失常”的具体原因。选项C“They think too much about the mechanics of the task at hand. (他们对当下任务的操作细节想得太多)”对应“过度关注”的表现，符合语境。故选C项。 8．根据后文“But there are situations where we should let automaticity take over. (但有些情况我们应该让自动化接管)”的转折逻辑可知，空处需体现“不能完全依赖自动化”。选项E“Of course, we should not resign to go through life on autopilot, missing opportunities to make deeper connections with ourselves, one another and our environment.(当然，我们不应听任生活进入‘自动驾驶’模式，从而错失与自我、他人及周遭环境建立更深联结的机会)”体现了这一态度，与后文转折一致，符合语境。故选E项。 Passage 3 （2022年7月·上海高考真题） Should Writers Be Paid for Their E-books Lent by Libraries? When libraries lend books to the public, authors and publishers receive remuneration from the Government under the Lending Rights schemes. 1 Is this fair? This year, the government has distributed almost a $22 million under these Public Lending Rights and Educational Lending Rights Schemes. For each book in public library collections, creators receive $2.11 and publishers receive $0.52. The amount that each claimant receives is often not very significant, with the majority of authors receiving between $100 — 500 annually. Still, a previous study has revealed that this remuneration constitutes the second most important source of income for creators from their creative work. E-books, however, are not covered by these Lending Rights schemes. 2 But e-book lending is increasing and, according to the Australian Library and Information Association, e-books are likely to reach 20% of library holdings by 2020. Also, most, if not all, self-published titles are done so in digital format only. Such self-published titles, if lent by libraries, would not qualify for any remuneration. 3 Although the Book Industry Collaborative Council made such proposal already in a report of 2013, nothing has happened of yet. One of the main reasons why e-books are not covered is that e-book lending is quite different from print book lending. In case of print books, authors and publishers are arguably losing on customers and revenues when libraries loan their books for free. Creators only receive $2.11 and publishers receive $0.52 for each book in public library collections. At present, in the case of e-books, many publishers chose not to sell these books to libraries. 4 While publishers charge libraries high prices for e-books, writers complain that these amounts do not reach them. Publishing contracts often don’t specify whether and how much authors receive for e-books sales or for e-lending. A．However, this is not the case when libraries lend e-books. B．This may not be a big issue now, for e-books are minor in publishing. C．Also, publishers assume get more profits from libraries where readers pay them more. D．Publishing contracts often don’t specify whether and how much authors receive for e-books sales or for e-lending. E．Extension alone would do little if the current funds under the schemes were merely re-distributed from books to e-books. F．For this reason, authors and publishers have been talking the Government into extending the Lending Rights Schemes to e-books. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．F 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文讲述了现在图书馆的电子图书借阅正在增加，而电子图书的作者也应该获得借阅带来的报酬。 1．根据文章的标题“Should Writers Be Paid for Their E-books Lent by Libraries?(图书馆出借电子书的作者应该得到报酬吗？)”，上文“When libraries lend books to the public, authors and publishers receive remuneration from the Government under the Lending Rights schemes.(图书馆向公众出借图书时，作者和出版商会根据借阅权计划从政府那里获得报酬)”以及下文“Is this fair?(这公平吗？)”说明此处是对两种图书借阅所获收益情况的比较，以判定其是否公平。空处需要说明电子书借阅收益情况，和普通图书借阅的收益情况进行比较，以引出下面的问题。所以A项(However, this is not the case when libraries lend e-books.然而，图书馆出借电子书的情况并非如此。)符合语境。故选A。 2．上文“E-books, however, are not covered by these Lending Rights schemes (然而，这些这些借阅权计划不包括电子书)”以及下文“But e-book lending is increasing and, according to the Australian Library and Information Association, e-books are likely to reach 20% of library holdings by 2020.(但电子书借阅量正在增加，根据澳大利亚图书馆和信息协会的数据，到2020年，电子书可能会占图书馆藏书的20%)”说明电子书目前没有受到相关拨款政策的支持，但是电子书的借阅确实在不断增加。空处承上启下，B项中的This指代前文“这些这些借阅权计划不包括电子书”这件事，“e-books are minor in publishing”和下文中的“e-book lending is increasing”形成转折关系，所以B项This may not be a big issue now, for e-books are minor in publishing.(这现在可能不是什么大问题，因为电子书在出版中是次要的。)符合语境。故选B。 3．上文“But e-book lending is increasing and, according to the Australian Library and Information Association, e-books are likely to reach 20% of library holdings by 2020. Also, most, if not all, self-published titles are done so in digital format only. (但电子书借阅量正在增加，根据澳大利亚图书馆和信息协会的数据，到2020年，电子书可能会占图书馆藏书的20%。此外，大多数（如果不是全部的话）自行出版的书籍都只是以数字格式出版的)”以及下文“Although the Book Industry Collaborative Council made such proposal already in a report of 2013 , nothing has happened of yet.(尽管图书行业合作委员会已经在2013年的一份报告中提出了这样的建议，但目前还没有任何进展)”说明因为看到了电子书将来的发展趋势，所以相关部门已经提出了建议，但并未得到实施。空处承上启下，F项For this reason, authors and publishers have been talking the Government into extending the Lending Rights Schemes to e-books.(出于这个原因，作者和出版商一直在与政府谈判，将借阅权计划扩展到电子书。)符合语境，其中的this指代上文中提到的“电子书借阅量正在增加”这件事，“talking the Government into extending the Lending Rights Schemes to e-books”和下文中的“the Book Industry Collaborative Council made such proposal ”相呼应。故选F。 4．上文“At present, in the case of e-books, many publishers chose not to sell these books to libraries. (目前，就电子书而言，许多出版商选择不向图书馆出售这些书)”以及下段内容“While publishers charge libraries high prices for e-books, writers complain that these amounts do not reach them. (虽然出版商向图书馆收取高昂的电子书价格，但作家们抱怨这些金额到不了他们手里)”说明电子书出版商未将电子书卖给图书馆，而是通过向图书馆收取费用获得相关收益。空处和上文是递进关系，并引出下文，表明出版商认为从读者支付更多费用的图书馆获得更多利润，但是这些钱并没有完全到作者的手里。所以C项Also, publishers assume get more profits from libraries where readers pay them more.(此外，出版商认为从读者支付更多费用的图书馆能获得更多利润。)符合语境。故选C。 20 / 20网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $