专题07 六选四之宏观角度考查句子功能（专项训练）（上海专用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

**基本信息** 聚焦六选四题型中句子功能的宏观考查，按段首、段中、段尾考向分类训练，结合模拟题、创新情境与高考真题，系统提升语篇逻辑分析能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |模拟·基础演练|3考向（段首/中/尾），含虹口、闵行等区一模题|考查不同位置句子功能，如段首主题句、段中衔接句|按句子位置→功能→逻辑关系递进，构建"位置-功能-衔接"认知链| |重难·创新演练|3篇新情境（棘冠海星、软性领导力等）|新话题下的复杂逻辑衔接，需结合语境推断功能|拓展真实语境应用，强化知识迁移与思维品质| |真题·实战演练|含2023上海高考真题，高频考点结构衔接|真实考试中的典型题，聚焦段中题核心考法|对接高考命题趋势，通过真题验证知识逻辑应用|

第07讲 六选四之宏观角度考查句子功能 目 录 模拟·基础演练 1 重难·创新演练 7 真题·实战演练 13 模拟·基础演练 考查重点：情态动词的基本用法，情态动词在句子翻译中灵活运用…… 考向01 段首题（节选片段） 【01】 （2025年虹口一模） The Benefits of Talking to Your Dog Further support for this phenomenon comes from a 2022 study. It was found that by engaging in micro- breaks to pet their pup, the people are able to relax and recover— in ways that interacting with unfurry family members doesn’t. ____50____ “They can sense when we’re upset— and they are arguably better at reading us than some people are,” says Kogan. And “because we know that our dogs read us so well, we regulate ourselves so as not to upset our dogs, which is helpful for us as well.” It’s a positive feedback loop(反馈回路). A. A dog won’t try to fix the problem the way some people do. B. Dogs are not just pets but beloved members of a family. C. Dogs are fantastic at reading us. D. Reading and understanding the needs of pets helps improve our overall emotional well-being. E. Talking to your dog about emotionally frustrating issues can be particularly beneficial. F. They’re more likely to distract you. 【答案】 50. C 【50题详解】设空位于段首，为本段中心句，根据后文““They can sense when we’re upset — and they are arguably better at reading us than some people are,” says Kogan. And “because we know that our dogs read us so well, we regulate ourselves so as not to upset our dogs, which is helpful for us as well.” It’s a positive feedback loop(反馈回路).(科根说：“它们能感觉到我们的不安，而且可以说它们比某些人更能读懂我们。”而且“因为我们知道我们的狗很懂我们，所以我们会控制自己，不让我们的狗感到不安，这对我们也有帮助。”这是一个正反馈循环)”可知，本段讲述狗能感觉到我们的不安，而且可以说它们比某些人更能读懂我们，所以C项“Dogs are fantastic at reading us.(狗很擅长读懂我们)”符合本段主题。故选C项。 【02】 （2025年闵行一模） A. Could a pill make social situations feel less threatening? B. Social connections are also essential for a healthy lifestyle. C. It's like driving in the winter when you can't see clearly. D. Is there a strong connection between memory enhancement and stress reduction? E. At the same time, it can also make them defensive when judging others. F. Unfortunately, the fear will appear repeatedly and influence your perception of things. Can a Pill Fight Loneliness? 48 That's the focus of a clinical experiment that Cacioppo is overseeing. For a year and a half, 96 lonely but healthy subjects have been taking a certain amount of pregnenolone, a chemical substance associated with memory enhancement and stress reduction. The goal of the research is to see how balancing pregnenolone levels affects the subjects. The pill could help reduce the fear that makes lonely people withdraw and act more calmly in social situations. 49 The idea is that a pill could clear your view, helping you see things clearly instead of feeling afraid of everyone. Then you become more willing to listen to others. 答案解析 49. C 前文说药丸能帮助减轻孤独者的恐惧，使他们在社交场合更冷静，后文说这种想法是药丸能让你看清事物，不那么害怕他人，C 选项 “这就像在冬天开车时看不清东西”，形象地比喻了孤独者在社交中的模糊、恐惧状态，与后文 “药丸能让你看清事物” 相呼应，进一步说明了药丸对改善孤独者社交状态的作用，所以选 C。 【03】 （2025年浦东新区一模） A. Three days later, they saw an interesting chain of events. B. And he selectively treated his wound and not any other body parts. C. Rakus may have observed his mother demonstrating how to treat wounds. D. Laumer and colleagues do not know how or where this behavior originated. E. The findings may provide insights into the evolution of this behavior among humans. F. It’s the first report of suspected wound treatment by a wild animal using a plant with known medicinal properties. Orangutan treats his wound with a medicinal plant Self-medication has been documented in multiple wild primate(灵长类) species, but not applying them to recent wounds. There is only one other study of active wound treatment by great apes. Several years ago, researchers reported one population of chimpanzees in Gabon, applied flying insects to their own wounds. However, the researchers could not identify the insects or make any conclusions about the effectiveness of the treatment. (50)________________ Perhaps he accidentally touched a wound while feeding on a plant and experienced its analgesic(镇痛的) effects, causing him to repeat the behavior. It is also possible that Rakus previously learned the behavior from other orangutans, since young orangutans rely on social learning to acquire the skills necessary for adult life. 答案解析 50. D： 后文开始猜测红毛猩猩这种行为的起源，如可能是偶然体验到植物的镇痛效果后重复行为，也可能是从其他猩猩那里学来的。D 选项 “劳默和他的同事们不知道这种行为是如何产生的，也不知道它起源于何处”，能够很好地引出后文对行为起源的各种猜测，起到了承上启下的过渡作用，使文章从对行为的描述自然地过渡到对行为起源的探讨。 考向02 段中题（节选片段） 【01】 （2025年长宁一模） Machine identifies songs from people’s brainwaves Artificial intelligence has learned to identify the songs someone is listening to from their brain readings. Derek Lomas at Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands and his colleagues asked 20 people to listen to 12 songs through headphones. ____47____ Each person’s brainwaves were recorded using an EEG (脑电图) cap that detects electrical activity. The EEG readings from each person were cut into short pieces and used along with the matching music clip to train an AI to spot patterns between the two. ____48____ But the software struggles if it is trained on EEG data from one person and then attempts to identify a song when someone else listens to it. Accuracy in such tests fell to less than one in every ten attempts. A. Lomas hopes that this will further our understanding of the brain, as well as boost knowledge of how and why humans consume music. B. The AI was then tested on unseen portions of the data, identifying songs with a precision of 85 per cent. C. The experiment was conducted to determine if AI could replace human musicians. D. This suggests that the AI’s ability to identify songs highly depends on the individual’s brain activity. E. The volunteers did this blindfolded and in a faintly lit room to minimise the effect of their other senses on the results. F. The researchers believe that this is due to each person’s preference towards a song being unique. 【答案】47. E 48. B clip to train an AI to spot patterns between the two.(每个人的脑电图读数被切成一小段，与匹配的音乐片段一起使用，以训练人工智能识别两者之间的模式)”以及后文“But the software struggles if it is trained on EEG data from one person and then attempts to identify a song when someone else listens to it. Accuracy in such tests fell to less than one in every ten attempts.(但是，如果软件是根据一个人的脑电图数据进行训练，然后试图在其他人听这首歌时识别出这首歌，它就会陷入困境。这种测试的准确率下降到每十次中不到一次)”可知，上文描述使用脑电图数据和音乐片段训练人工智能的过程，后文but表示转折，表示准确率下降，说明前面提到的软件识别歌曲的能力很强，故B选项“然后，人工智能在数据的未可见部分上进行了测试，以85%的精度识别歌曲”符合语境，故选B。 【02】 （2025年杨浦一模） Disliking Vegetables Can Rub off on Others Scientists have long been interested in why some people like vegetables and why others don’t, when eating greens is good for you. ___47___ Apparently, watching someone eating vegetables and visibly disliking them could put you off them a bit too. Humans learn which behaviours will benefit them, including eating, by watching the reactions of others. ___49___ Scientists think that people might avoid food that appears sickening because it could help to protect them from eating something that tastes bad or could be dangerous. A. A previous study found that children between the ages of four and six years old were more likely to eat broccoli if they’d seen video clips of adults enjoying it. B. However, a positive facial expression didn’t make them like broccoli more. C. In fact, the impact of observing others eat extends beyond simply dining manners. D. This is known as social modelling, and it is a strong influence on people’s eating habits. E. A new study has found that other people’s likes and dislikes could play a part. F. This phenomenon, often referred to as social influence, highlights how our eating behaviors are not shaped by the behaviors of those we dine with. 【答案】47. E 49. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家的一项新发现：他人对蔬菜的喜好与否会影响我们的喜好。 【47题详解】 根据上文“Scientists have long been interested in why some people like vegetables and why others don’t, when eating greens is good for you.(长期以来，科学家们一直很感兴趣，为什么有些人喜欢吃蔬菜，而有些人不喜欢，而吃蔬菜对你有好处)”以及后文“Apparently, watching someone eating vegetables and visibly disliking them could put you off them a bit too.(显然，看着别人吃蔬菜，明显不喜欢它们，也会让你对它们有点反感)”可知， 前文提到科学家对人们对蔬菜的喜好原因感兴趣，后文说看到别人不喜欢蔬菜自己也可能受影响，故E选项“一项新的研究发现，别人的好恶也有影响”符合语境，故选E。 【49题详解】 根据上文“Humans learn which behaviours will benefit them, including eating, by watching the reactions of others.(人类通过观察他人的反应来学习哪些行为对自己有益，包括吃东西)”以及后文“Scientists think that people might avoid food that appears sickening because it could help to protect them from eating something that tastes bad or could be dangerous.(科学家们认为，人们可能会避免吃那些看起来令人恶心的食物，因为这可以帮助他们避免吃那些味道不好或可能危险的东西)”可知，前文提到人类通过观察他人的反应来学习有益的行为，下文则指出人们可能会避免那些看起来令人作呕的食物，这说明人们通过观察他人的反应来学习饮食习惯，这是一种社会模仿行为，故D选项“这被称为社会模式，它对人们的饮食习惯有很大的影响”符合语境，故选D。 【03】 （2025年徐汇一模） The power of placebo (安慰剂) Have you ever taken a pill for a headache and felt instant relief even though there’s no way the medicine could have taken effect so quickly? If so, you’ve personally experienced a medical phenomenon known as the placebo effect. ____47____ In the above situation regarding your headache, the active ingredient (成分) couldn’t have been responsible for your reduced pain. So why did the symptoms improve? Scientists don’t completely understand the mechanisms behind the effect, but they have determined that an individual’s conditioning and expectations likely play a major role. With your headache, for example, you expected the painkiller to work because pills have relieved your headaches in the past. ____48____ In fact, the latter means a placebo can still work even when someone knows it’s not real medicine! Other factors that can influence how well a treatment works include being told it’s effective by a doctor, your doctor’s body language or tone of voice, and the knowledge that you’ re taking action to solve the problem. A. Unfortunately, our expectations can also work against us. B. Believe it or not, there are limits to even the strongest placebo effect. C. This effect occurs when a patient is given a treatment that is able to improve their symptoms even though it lacks an active ingredient. D. Additionally, you probably associate pills in general with recovering from illness. E. If we can learn to make use of the power of positive thinking, perhaps one day we can even move beyond using traditional drugs to treat minor symptoms! F. And in routine medical practice, placebos are rarely used on purpose. 【答案】47. C 48. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了安慰剂效应及其影响因素，强调积极思考对身体健康的潜在帮助。 【47题详解】 上文“If so, you’ve personally experienced a medical phenomenon known as the placebo effect.(如果是这样，你就亲自体验了一种被称为安慰剂效应的医疗现象。)”引出了安慰剂效应的概念，空处应承接上文详细解释这种效应。C选项“这种效应指的是，当患者接受一种治疗时，即使这种治疗不含有效成分，也能改善他们的症状。”与上文形成递进关系，符合解释安慰剂效应的定义。故选C。 【48题详解】 根据上文“With your headache, for example, you expected the painkiller to work because pills have relieved your headaches in the past.(以头痛为例，你期望止痛药起效，因为之前药片已经缓解过你的头痛。)”以及下文“In fact, the latter means a placebo can still work even when someone knows it’s not real medicine!(事实上，后者意味着即使某人知道这不是真正的药物，安慰剂仍然可以起作用！)”可知，个体的条件反射与预期可能影响安慰剂效应，空处承上启下，需要补充患者为何相信药片有效。D选项“此外，你可能会将药片与疾病康复联系在一 起。”符合题意。故选D。 考向03 段尾题（节选片段） 【01】 （2025年松江一模） Protecting Wetlands Wetlands are among the most effective ecosystems on Earth, providing a habitat for a wide variety of plant and animal species and therefore play a crucial role in maintaining environmental balance and supporting biodiversity. For instance, they can act as natural water purifiers and absorbing harmful substances from runoff(地表径流) before they reach larger bodies of water. ___47___ . A. Wetlands are known for their ability to feed part of the world. B. This helps to preserve clean water for humans and wildlife alike. C. Without them, the city construction will slow down in some way. D. Many wetlands have been filled to make way for fields and buildings. E. Besides their ecological benefits, wetlands offer economic and recreational value. F. These call for cooperation between governments, organizations and communities. 【答案】47. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了保护湿地对环境和生态的重要性。 【47题详解】 前文“Wetlands are among the most effective ecosystems on Earth, providing a habitat for a wide variety of plant and animal species and therefore play a crucial role in maintaining environmental balance and supporting biodiversity. For instance, they can act as natural water purifiers and absorbing harmful substances from runoff(地表径流) before they reach larger bodies of water.(湿地是地球上最有效的生态系统之一，为各种动植物物种提供了栖息地，因此在维持环境平衡和支持生物多样性方面发挥着至关重要的作用。例如，它们可以作为天然净水器，在地表径流到达更大的水体之前吸收径流中的有害物质。)”讲述了湿地在维持环境平衡和支持生物多样性方面发挥着重要作用，并举例说明湿地可以充当天然净水器的作用，吸收水中的有害物质，空处应讲述湿地的这种功能对人类和野生生物的好处，B项“这有助于为人类和野生动物保护清洁的水。”符合题意。故选B。 【02】 （2025年崇明一模） A. One 7-minute block had people sitting in silence. B. In this case, the brain might be tuning into the music. C. The authors suggested it was evidence of music being more than a distraction from an unpleasant experience. D. And the most effective pain relievers were found to be sad songs detailing bittersweet and emotional experiences. E. Nevertheless, while our bodies still feel the pain, the messages to make our conscious mind perceive the pain may not be relayed. F. People who listened to bittersweet songs also reported more thrills (震颤感) and shivers (哆嗦) on the skin from listening to pleasurable music. Certain Types of Music Could Help You Feel Less Pain, New Study Says There is no doubt that music can calm the soul for some, and it turns out that it could also be a temporary reliever for physical pain. Listening to favorite songs could reduce people’s perception of pain, according to a new study. 47 ....... When rating their experiences, people were more likely to report feeling less pain when listening to their favorite songs compared with hearing the unfamiliar relaxing song or silence. The scrambled songs did not reduce pain either. 49 After interviewing the participants about the song they brought and their rating of pain, the researchers found people who listened to bittersweet and moving songs felt less pain than when they listened to songs with calming or cheerful themes. ....... 答案 47. D 49. C 47. D：文章开篇指出听喜欢的歌曲能减轻对疼痛的感知，接着应进一步阐述具体情况。D 选项 “最有效的止痛药被发现是那些详细描述苦乐参半和情感体验的悲伤歌曲”，既承接上文提到的音乐与减轻疼痛的关系，又引出下文对实验具体内容的介绍，说明什么样的歌曲对减轻疼痛更有效，故 47 题选 D。 49. C：前文阐述了实验结果，即听喜欢的歌曲比听陌生的放松歌曲或沉默时更能减轻疼痛，杂乱的歌曲则不能减轻疼痛。C 选项 “作者认为这证明了音乐不仅仅是分散对不愉快经历的注意力”，对前文实验结果进行分析总结，说明音乐减轻疼痛并非简单的分散注意力，故 49 题选 C。 【03】 （2025年青浦一模） Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A. That something could be a shrinking of the green. B. Several environmental factors could explain the spread of fatness. C. He emphasizes that further action is needed to prove the association between green space access and childhood fatness. D. In September the U.S. approved the No Child Left Inside Act to encourage public initiatives aimed at exposing kids to the outdoors. E. Such findings tell a powerful story. F. In its purest sense, a green neighborhood simply means more places for kids to play, which is closely related to children’s activity levels. Urban Green Spaces and Their Impact on Children’s Health ........ Exposure to grassy areas has also been linked to less stress and a lower body mass index (指数）among adults. And an analysis of 3,000 Tokyo residents associated walkable green spaces with greater longevity among senior citizens. Glass cautions that most studies don’t necessarily prove a causal link between greenness and health, but they’re nonetheless helping urge action. ____50____ So, if you live in a suburb or a city with good parks, take advantage of what’s there. Your children in particular 答案： 50. D 解析：前文提到 “格拉斯警告说，大多数研究不一定能证明绿地与健康之间存在因果关系，但它们仍然有助于推动行动”，这里需要一个体现采取行动的选项。D 选项 “In September the U.S. approved the No Child Left Inside Act to encourage public initiatives aimed at exposing kids to the outdoors.（9 月，美国批准了《不让一个孩子留在室内法案》，以鼓励旨在让孩子们接触户外的公共倡议）”，体现了为推动让孩子接触绿色环境而采取的行动，符合语境，所以选 D。 重难·创新演练 设题创新:棘冠海星在健康珊瑚礁生态系统中的作用；如何衡量“软性”领导力 Passage 1 【新情境·棘冠海星在健康珊瑚礁生态系统中的作用】 【2025届上海市七宝中学高三下学期5月测试英语试题】 Crown-of-Thorns Starfish and the Great Barrier Reef (大堡礁) Native to the warm waters of the Indo-Pacific region, crown-of-thorns starfish can serve as important predators(捕食者) in healthy reef ecosystems, where they feed primarily on fast-growing corals. This predation creates space for slower-growing coral species to develop, thereby maintaining biodiversity. 1 The animals typically have a regular rise and fall cycle, but since the 1960s, scientists have noted an alarming increase in the size and frequency of outbreaks of the predators, which can grow up to half a meter wide. A comprehensive 2012 study examining the 27-year decline of coral populations on the Great Barrier Reef attributed approximately 40% of total coral mortality to these greedy predators. Over the past two decades, several major outbreaks have caused devastating damage to large sections of the Great Barrier Reef. 2 . In response, scientists launched a killing program in 2012 in an attempt to control starfish numbers across vast reef areas. Despite criticism from some conservation groups, controlled studies have demonstrated positive outcomes from the program. Specifically, recent monitoring data indicates that coral cover increased by an average of 44% in regions where targeted starfish removal was implemented, suggesting this intervention may be effective in supporting reef recovery. Some marine ecologists, however, remain unconvinced that killing offers a sustainable long-term solution. Crown-of-thorns starfish, though destructive during population booms, play a natural regulatory role in controlling dominant coral species and maintaining ecosystem balance. 3 Scientific evidence shows that nutrient runoff from coastal agriculture stimulates phytoplankton(浮游植物) blooms, which provide abundant food for starfish. This human-induced environmental change appears to be disrupting natural population control mechanisms. Though the program has demonstrated some success, marine scientists emphasize that addressing fundamental causes of starfish population boom, like pollution and climate change, is crucial for the long-term survival of coral reefs. 4 . A．The Great Barrier Reef is home to thousands of species that depend on healthy coral ecosystems. B．Marine biologists have observed that these outbreaks typically occur in cycles of 15-20 years, but their frequency and intensity appear to be increasing. C．Researchers are also exploring alternative methods such as using natural predators and early detection systems to provide sustainable solutions. D．However, ecological problems arise when starfish populations experience uncontrolled explosions. E．Some scientists argue that complete elimination of the starfish would be the most enduring solution. F．Concerns have been raised about the approach’s effectiveness in the face of more significant challenges, such as climate change and global warming. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．F 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章阐述了棘冠海星在健康珊瑚礁生态系统中的作用，其种群爆发对大堡礁造成的破坏，人类采取的捕杀措施及效果，同时探讨了该措施的局限性以及解决棘冠海星种群爆发根本原因的重要性。 1．根据上文“Native to the warm waters of the Indo-Pacific region, crown-of-thorns starfish can serve as important predators in healthy reef ecosystems, where they feed primarily on fast-growing corals. This predation creates space for slower-growing coral species to develop, thereby maintaining biodiversity.(棘冠海星原产于印度洋—太平洋地区的温暖海域，在健康的珊瑚礁生态系统中，它可充当重要的捕食者，主要以快速生长的珊瑚为食。这种捕食行为为生长较为缓慢的珊瑚物种创造了发展空间，从而维持了生物多样性)” 及下文 “The animals typically have a regular rise and fall cycle, but since the 1960s, scientists have noted an alarming increase in the size and frequency of outbreaks of the predators(这些动物通常有规律的兴衰周期，但自 20 世纪 60 年代以来，科学家们注意到这种捕食者的爆发规模和频率出现了惊人的增长)” 可推知，此处需转折引出棘冠海星种群爆发带来生态问题。D选项“然而，当海星种群不受控制地爆发时，就会出现生态问题” 符合语境，故选D。 2．根据上文“Over the past two decades, several major outbreaks have caused devastating damage to large sections of the Great Barrier Reef.(在过去的二十年里，几次大规模的爆发对大堡礁的大片区域造成了毁灭性的破坏)” 可知，此处应说明这些爆发的规律及变化。B选项“海洋生物学家观察到，这些爆发通常以 15—20 年为一个周期发生，但它们的频率和强度似乎在增加” 符合语境，故选B。 3．根据上文“Some marine ecologists, however, remain unconvinced that killing offers a sustainable long - term solution.(然而，一些海洋生态学家仍然不相信捕杀能提供一个长期可持续的解决方案)”可知，此处应说明对捕杀方法有效性的担忧。F选项“人们对这种方法在应对更重大挑战（如气候变化和全球变暖）时的有效性提出了担忧)” 符合语境，故选F。 4．根据文上文“Though the program has demonstrated some success, marine scientists emphasize that addressing fundamental causes of starfish population boom, like pollution and climate change, is crucial for the long - term survival of coral reefs.(尽管该计划已经取得了一些成功，但海洋科学家强调，解决海星种群爆发的根本原因，如污染和气候变化，对珊瑚礁的长期生存至关重要)” 可推知，此处应提及探索其他解决办法。C选项“研究人员也在探索替代方法，如使用自然捕食者和早期检测系统来提供可持续的解决方案” 符合语境，故选C。 Passage 2 【新情境·如何衡量“软性”领导力】 【2025届上海市格致中学高三下学期5月三模英语试卷 】 Finding Hard Ways to Measure “Soft” Leadership Management experts have been promoting new leadership styles for a while. We often say that the old “command and control” approach is outdated, and that today’s leaders should focus on shared leadership, empowering others, using knowledge networks, and helping people find meaning in their work. 1 When the pressure is on, many managers go back to strict, top-down methods, showing they don’t see new approaches as essential to success. This is especially true when there are no clear role models, standards, or guidelines to follow. So the big question is: Can we prove that “soft” leadership actually works? Last year, my colleagues Morten Hansen, Urs Peyer, and I used solid data to find out which CEOs had brought the most value to their companies over the past ten years. We measured things like yearly changes in stock returns and company value during each CEO’s time in charge. 2 In our next project, we’ll combine our data with information from other sources that track modern leadership styles. (Some tools already track behaviors linked to innovation, sustainability, and other positive results.) By comparing this information, we aim to find leadership styles that truly help companies succeed. 3 Perhaps more important, the close study of their cases will help us develop a picture of how the different values they pursue come together to form a new model of leadership. 4 If we can figure out what great leadership looks like in today’s world, we may be able to predict which leaders will add the most value to their organizations in the coming decade. As management educators, we might also learn how best to develop the generation of leaders who will take charge of our largest, most powerful companies. A．By studying these successful business leaders, we hope to provide hard evidence that their successes are due to their approach to leadership. B．How do these business leaders succeed? C．However, in reality, these modern styles are still seen as optional or even soft. D．Now that we know who added value, the next step is to understand how they did it. E．Successful leaders tend to appear approachable in the office. F．Why is all this important? 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讨论了如何衡量“软性”领导力的有效性，并介绍了作者及其同事通过研究CEO们为公司带来的价值来探索领导力风格与公司成功之间关系的研究项目。 1．根据上文“We often say that the old “command and control” approach is outdated, and that today’s leaders should focus on shared leadership, empowering others, using knowledge networks, and helping people find meaning in their work. (我们常说，旧的“命令与控制”方式已经过时，如今的领导者应该注重共同领导、授权他人、利用知识网络，并帮助员工在工作中找到意义。)”以及下文“When the pressure is on, many managers go back to strict, top-down methods, showing they don’t see new approaches as essential to success. (当压力来临时，许多管理者会回到严格的、自上而下的管理方法上，这表明他们并不认为新方法是成功的关键。)”可知，此处应是在讨论新旧领导方式的对比，以及新方式在实际应用中的接受度。C选项“However, in reality, these modern styles are still seen as optional or even soft. (然而，在现实中，这些现代方式仍被视为可选的，甚至是软性的。)”，既承接了上文的新领导方式，又引出了下文新方式在实际中未被充分接受的情况。故选C项。 2．根据上文“Last year, my colleagues Morten Hansen, Urs Peyer, and I used solid data to find out which CEOs had brought the most value to their companies over the past ten years. We measured things like yearly changes in stock returns and company value during each CEO’s time in charge. (去年，我和同事莫滕·汉森、乌尔斯·佩耶利用可靠的数据，找出了过去十年里哪些首席执行官为他们的公司带来了最大的价值。我们衡量了每位首席执行官在任期间股票回报率和公司价值的年度变化。)”以及下文“In our next project, we’ll combine our data with information from other sources that track modern leadership styles. (在我们的下一个项目中，我们将把我们的数据与其他来源的信息结合起来，这些信息会追踪现代领导风格。)”可知，此处应是在讨论研究的过程和下一步的计划。D选项“Now that we know who added value, the next step is to understand how they did it. (既然我们已经知道了谁增加了价值，下一步就是要了解他们是如何做到的。)”，既总结了上文的研究成果，又引出了下文的研究计划。故选D项。 3．根据下文“Perhaps more important, the close study of their cases will help us develop a picture of how the different values they pursue come together to form a new model of leadership. (也许更重要的是，对这些案例的深入研究将帮助我们描绘出他们所追求的不同价值观是如何融合在一起，形成一种新的领导模式的。)”可知，此处应是在讨论研究成功商业领袖的意义和目的。A选项“By studying these successful business leaders, we hope to provide hard evidence that their successes are due to their approach to leadership. (通过研究这些成功的商业领袖，我们希望提供确凿的证据，证明他们的成功是由于他们的领导方式。)”，既提出了研究的目的，又与下文的研究内容相呼应。故选A项。 4．根据下文“If we can figure out what great leadership looks like in today’s world, we may be able to predict which leaders will add the most value to their organizations in the coming decade. As management educators, we might also learn how best to develop the generation of leaders who will take charge of our largest, most powerful companies. (如果我们能弄清楚在当今世界，伟大的领导力是什么样的，我们或许就能预测出哪些领导者将在未来十年为他们的组织增添最大的价值。作为管理教育者，我们或许还能学会如何最好地培养将掌管我们最大、最强大的公司的下一代领导者。)”可知，此处应是在讨论研究领导力的重要性和意义。F选项“Why is all this important? (为什么这一切都很重要？)”，直接引出了下文对研究重要性的讨论。故选F项。 Passage 3 【新情境·介绍新创造的磁性服装】 【2025届上海市曹杨第二中学高三下学期三模英语试题】 How Many Devices Are You Wearing? The classic nightmare of suddenly realizing you are naked in public could soon get a futuristic twist: it might involve the horror of losing not just your modesty but also your pass codes. Scientists recently created magnetic garments that they say can store data, automatically unlock doors or control a nearby smartphone with gesture. The concept of interactive “smart clothing” has drawn attention in the past couple of years. 1 This and other smart garments are made with conductive thread and usually require an attached electronic device. To eliminate the need for such devices, researchers at the University of Washington recently took advantage of what is a previously untapped property of conductive thread: its ability to be magnetized. “Using magnetic instead of electric properties of the thread may seem like a small difference, but it is what makes this work interesting and exciting,” says Chris Harrison, a computer scientist at Carnegie Mellon University. 2 The Washington team magnetized a patch of fabric embroidered with conductive thread, giving different parts of the cloth a north or south orientation that correspond to binary l’s or 0’. This step allowed the researchers to store up to 33 million different combinations — such as pass codes for doors — on a shirt sleeve. 3 The team described its findings last October at a meeting of the Association for Computing Machinery. The garments still stored data after washing, drying and ironing, but they could not escape time’s eraser; after about a week, the threads’ magnetic fields had weakened by around 30 percent. 4 But for now the clothes may be best suited for storing temporary codes, such as those found on hotel key cards or clothing tags in stores. Harrison says that it is “very unlikely you are ever going to achieve a comparable density to magnetic hard drives” with data-storing fabric, however. A．Custom-made thread has thus been designed so that the clothes are enabled to work longer. B．For example, Google and Levi’s created a touch-sensitive jacket that can operate a smartphone. C．Turning wearables into storage devices with the new technique was a unique thing the researchers had done. D．The researchers suggest that using custom-made thread designed to hold stronger magnetic fields might work longer. E．The new technique allowed the researchers to do something they say is unique among wearables: turn them into storage devices. F．They also created magnetic gloves that could control a nearby smartphone with gestures. 【答案】1．B 2．E 3．F 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家最新创造的磁性服装，这种服装可以存储数据、自动解锁门或控制附近的智能手机等，并详细阐述了这种技术的原理、应用和潜在问题。 1．根据空前内容“The concept of interactive “smart clothing” has drawn attention in the past couple of years.(在过去的几年里，交互式“智能服装”的概念引起了人们的关注)”可知，智能服装引起了人们的关注。选项B“例如，谷歌和李维斯发明了一种可以操作智能手机的触摸感应夹克”给出了智能服装的一个具体例子，同时引出下文“This and other smart garments are made with conductive thread and usually require an attached electronic device.(这种智能服装和其他智能服装是由导电线制成的，通常需要附加电子设备)”对这种服装的具体介绍。故选B。 2．根据上文内容““Using magnetic instead of electric properties of the thread may seem like a small difference, but it is what makes this work interesting and exciting,” says Chris Harrison, a computer scientist at Carnegie Mellon University. (卡耐基梅隆大学的计算机科学家Chris Harrison说：“使用磁性而不是电性能的线似乎是一个小小的区别，但这正是这项工作有趣和令人兴奋的地方。”)”指出这种智能服装使用磁性而不是电性能的线。选项E“这项新技术使研究人员能够做一些他们认为在可穿戴设备中独一无二的事情：把它们变成存储设备”延续上文内容，指出使用磁性而不是电性能的线可以将这种衣服变成存储设备。故选E。 3．根据上文内容“The Washington team magnetized a patch of fabric embroidered with conductive thread, giving different parts of the cloth a north or south orientation that correspond to binary l’s or 0’. This step allowed the researchers to store up to 33 million different combinations — such as pass codes for doors — on a shirt sleeve.(华盛顿大学的研究小组对一块绣有导电线的织物进行磁化，使布料的不同部分具有南北方向，对应于二进制1或0 。这一步骤允许研究人员在衬衫袖子上存储多达3300万种不同的组合，比如门的密码)”可知，研究人员可以在衬衫袖子上存储多达3300万种不同的组合。选项F“他们还发明了磁性手套，可以用手势控制附近的智能手机”延续上文内容，指出研究人员除了可以在衬衫袖子上存储多达3300万种不同的组合，还发明了磁性手套。故选F。 4．根据上文内容“The garments still stored data after washing, drying and ironing, but they could not escape time’s eraser; after about a week, the threads’ magnetic fields had weakened by around 30 percent.(这些衣物在洗涤、干燥、熨烫之后仍然保存着数据，但它们无法逃脱时间的擦除；大约一周后，线的磁场减弱了大约30%)”可知，时间久了之后，线的磁场会减弱。选项D“研究人员建议使用定制的线来保持更强的磁场可能会工作更长时间”延续上文内容，指出由于线的磁场随着时间的流逝会减弱，因此研究人员建议使用定制的线来保持更强的磁场，从而使工作时间更长。故选D。 名校真题·实战演练 高频考点：结构衔接；段中题 Passage 1 【来源】上海南洋中学2025-2026学年第二学期高三年级期中英语试卷 Flower power Paco Calvo’s remarkable book Planta Sapiens is the result of “two decades of passionate exploration into a rich and alternate world that exists alongside our own” — the world of plants. 1 Calvo is a professor of the philosophy of science in the Minimal Intelligence Laboratory at the University of Murcia, Spain. Although he presents detailed scientific evidence to support his case, he also draws on philosophical arguments about the nature of consciousness. We humans have a tendency to believe that the world revolves around us, but Calvo writes that intelligence is “not quite as special as we like to think”. 2    Calvo describes many experiments that reveal plants’ remarkable range, including the way they communicate with others nearby using “chemical talk”, a language encoded in about 1,700 volatile (易挥发的) organic compounds. 3 In lectures, he places a Venus flytrap under a bell jar with a cotton pad soaked in anesthetic. After an hour the plant no longer responds to touch by closing its traps. Tests show that plant’s electrical activity has stopped. It is effectively asleep. If plants can be put to sleep, does that imply they also have a waking state? Calvo thinks it does, and argues that it’s quite possible they have an individual experience of the world: They may be aware. Other studies show that some plants retain a memory of where the sun will rise, in order to turn their leaves towards the first rays. 4 The conclusion must be that they constantly collect information, processing and retaining it in order to “make predictions, learn, and even plan ahead.” These are revolutionary ideas and as Calvo admits, contested by many scientists who study the physiology of plants. But he guides us through the latest research and builds a compelling case that, unlikely as it may seem, deserves to be taken seriously. Although plants lack our grey matter, he believes they have a unique “green matter”. In the absence of nerves, plants use networked cells to regulate themselves. A．He also shows how, like animals, they can be anesthetized (麻醉). B．Fundamentally, this book is about changing our perception of plants. C．They store this knowledge for several days, even when kept in total darkness. D．He argues that it’s time to accept that other organisms, even drastically different ones, may be capable of it. E．These movements of plants are in fact “behavior”, and observing behavior is the route to understanding intelligence. F．The subject of his exploration is startlingly fundamental: the question of whether plants can be regarded as possessing intelligence. 【答案】1．F 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】文章介绍了西班牙教授帕科・卡尔沃在《植物智人》一书中，通过多项科学实验与研究提出植物具备智力、意识、记忆、交流及感知能力，尽管该观点存有争议，但仍值得人们认真看待，并呼吁人们改变对植物的固有认知。 1．根据前文“Paco Calvo’s remarkable book Planta Sapiens is the result of “two decades of passionate exploration into a rich and alternate world that exists alongside our own” — the world of plants. (帕科・卡尔沃所著的佳作《植物智人》，是他“二十年来热忱探索与人类世界并存的另一个丰富别样世界”的成果——这个世界就是植物界。)”可知，文章开篇提到《植物智人》是卡尔沃二十年探索植物世界的成果，F选项“The subject of his exploration is startlingly fundamental: the question of whether plants can be regarded as possessing intelligence. (他探索的主题极具根本意义：植物是否可以被认为拥有智慧。)”承接上文，继续介绍该书的探索主题，引出全文核心话题。 2．根据前文“We humans have a tendency to believe that the world revolves around us, but Calvo writes that intelligence is “not quite as special as we like to think”. (我们人类总习惯性认为世界以我们为中心，但卡尔沃写道，智慧“并不像我们自以为的那般独一无二”。)”可知，前文明说卡尔沃提出“智慧并不是人类独有的”，D选项“He argues that it’s time to accept that other organisms, even drastically different ones, may be capable of it. (他认为，我们是时候承认，其他生物即便与人类截然不同，也同样可能拥有智慧。)”中的it指代前文的intelligence，进一步说明他的观点：其他和人类差异极大的生物也可能拥有智慧，衔接紧密。 3．根据前文“Calvo describes many experiments that reveal plants’ remarkable range, including the way they communicate with others nearby using “chemical talk”, a language encoded in about 1,700 volatile organic compounds. (卡尔沃介绍了许多实验，这些实验揭示了植物非凡的能力范围，包括它们利用“化学对话”与周边同类交流的方式，这是一种由约1700种挥发性有机化合物构成的语言。)”及后文“In lectures, he places a Venus flytrap under a bel jar with a cotton pad soaked in anesthetic. After an hour the plant no longer responds to touch by closing its traps. Tests show that plant’s electrical activity has stopped. It is effectively asleep. If plants can be put to sleep, does that imply they also have a waking state? Calvo thinks it does, and argues that it’s quite possible they have an individual experience of the world: They may be aware. (在讲座中，他把一株捕蝇草放置在玻璃罩下，并放入一块浸有麻醉剂的棉片。一小时后，这株植物受到触碰时，不再闭合捕虫夹。检测显示，植物的电活动已经停止，它实际上进入了睡眠状态。如果植物可以被麻醉入睡，那是否意味着它们也有清醒状态？卡尔沃认为的确如此，并且认为植物很可能拥有对世界的独立感知：它们或许具有意识。)”可知，前文介绍了植物的交流能力，后文具体展开麻醉植物的实验，A选项“He also shows how, like animals, they can be anesthetized. (他还展示了如何像对待动物一样对它们进行麻醉。)”点明“植物和动物一样可以被麻醉”，对应后文的麻醉相关实验内容，完美引出下文，符合逻辑。 4．根据前文“Other studies show that some plants retain a memory of where the sun will rise, in order to turn their leaves towards the first rays. (其他研究表明，有些植物能记住日出的方位，以便将叶片转向清晨的第一缕阳光。)”及后文“The conclusion must be that they constantly collect information, processing and retaining it in order to “make predictions, learn, and even plan ahead.”(由此可以得出结论：植物会不断收集信息，对其进行处理和储存，进而“做出预测、学习，甚至提前规划”。)”可知，前文明说部分植物能记住太阳升起的位置，C选项“They store this knowledge for several days, even when kept in total darkness. (即便处于完全黑暗的环境中，它们也能将这类记忆留存数日。)”中的this knowledge指代前文对太阳位置的记忆，进一步说明植物储存记忆的能力，衔接后文关于植物收集处理信息的结论，符合语境。 Passage 2 【来源】上海市徐汇区上海中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题 The Science of Measuring Time Caesium is a soft, silvery-gold metal that becomes liquid when stored in a warm room. It is mostly found in mineral deposits near a small lake in central Canada. 5 But do you know that caesium is also the metronome (节拍器) of the world, the ultimate source of all modern time? For a thousand years, phenomena in the sky were our timekeepers and calendars. Prehistoric tombs and monuments around the world are in line with the sunrise on the solstice (至日). We knew time passed because we saw things change. The Sun rose, seasons turned. 6 A second was defined as a fraction of the solar year. But in 1967, at the 13th General Conference on Weights and Measures in Paris, the second was redefined according to rhythmic shaking of the caesium atom. Caesium atoms, when excited by just the right frequency, resonate like a wine glass shattered by an opera singer. By measuring this frequency, we measure time. Atoms make for handy clockwork: they have no moving parts, don’t wear out, and are attractively standard. 7 And they tick very fast. Half a century before the first accurate caesium clock measurement, some physicists suspected they had gone as far as they could with world-changing theories. However, modern day timekeeping have been and are being improved by about ten times per decade. The most advanced atomic clocks now are so precise that they would lose less than a second over the entire age of the universe. 8 It is not out of obsession, but because the more accurately we measure time, the more clearly we can observe reality. In the future, clocks may not just tell time; they may help rewrite the laws of time itself too. A．And yet, the pursuit for greater precision continues. B．Time probably does not even exist in the world, but rather in people’s projection. C．As late as the mid-20th century, our time remained tied to the Sun. D．Its main commercial use is in drilling fluids for petroleum exploration. E．Ever since, timekeeping has become the domain of physicists. F．While sunlight and pendulums (钟摆) vary, every caesium atom is identical to any other. 【答案】5．D 6．C 7．F 8．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍铯元素的特性、时间测量的发展及现代原子钟的高精度与研究意义。 5．根据上文“Caesium is a soft, silvery-gold metal that becomes liquid when stored in a warm room. It is mostly found in mineral deposits near a small lake in central Canada.(铯是一种柔软的银金色金属，在温暖的房间里存放时会变成液体。它主要存在于加拿大中部一个小湖附近的矿藏中)”以及下文“But do you know that caesium is also the metronome (节拍器) of the world, the ultimate source of all modern time?(但你知道铯也是世界的节拍器，是所有现代时间的终极来源吗？)”可知，此处应先介绍铯的常规用途，再以转折引出其在时间测量上的特殊用途，D选项“Its main commercial use is in drilling fluids for petroleum exploration.(它的主要商业用途是用于石油勘探的钻井液中)”介绍了铯的常见商业用途，衔接上下文自然，符合语境。故选D项。 6．根据上文“For a thousand years, phenomena in the sky were our timekeepers and calendars. Prehistoric tombs and monuments around the world are in line with the sunrise on the solstice (至日). We knew time passed because we saw things change. The Sun rose, seasons turned. (一千年来，天空中的现象就是我们的计时器和日历。世界各地的史前墓葬和纪念碑都与至日出的方向一致。我们知道时间在流逝，因为我们看到了事物的变化。太阳升起，季节变换)”以及下文“A second was defined as a fraction of the solar year. But in 1967, at the 13th General Conference on Weights and Measures in Paris, the second was redefined according to rhythmic shaking of the caesium atom.(一秒被定义为太阳年的一小部分。但1967年，在巴黎举行的第13届国际度量衡大会上，秒被根据铯原子有节奏的震动重新定义)”可知，此处应体现20世纪中期前时间测量与太阳的关联，C选项“As late as the mid-20th century, our time remained tied to the Sun.(直到20世纪中期，我们的时间仍然与太阳紧密相连)”中“mid-20th century与下文1967年的时间节点衔接，tied to the Sun呼应上文天空现象计时的内容，符合语境。故选C项。 7．根据上文“Atoms make for handy clockwork: they have no moving parts, don’t wear out, and are attractively standard.(原子是便利的计时装置：它们没有移动部件，不会磨损，而且标准性极佳)”以及下文“And they tick very fast.(而且它们振动频率极高)”可知，此处应进一步说明铯原子作为计时装置的标准性优势，F选项“While sunlight and pendulums (钟摆) vary, every caesium atom is identical to any other.(虽然阳光和钟摆存在差异，但每一个铯原子都与其他铯原子完全相同)”通过对比突出铯原子的一致性，呼应上文standard，衔接下文的振动特性，符合语境。故选F项。 8．根据上文“The most advanced atomic clocks now are so precise that they would lose less than a second over the entire age of the universe.(现在最先进的原子钟精度极高，在整个宇宙年龄中误差不到一秒)”以及下文“It is not out of obsession, but because the more accurately we measure time, the more clearly we can observe reality.(这并非出于执念，而是因为我们测量时间越精确，观察现实就越清晰)”可知，此处应体现对更高精度计时的持续追求，A选项“And yet, the pursuit for greater precision continues.(然而，对更高精度的追求仍在继续)”中的greater precision呼应上文原子钟的高精度，引出下文追求高精度的原因，符合语境。故选A项。 Passage3 （2023年6月·上海高考真题） The Difference Between Homeschooling and Schooling at Home Homeschooling is not a new concept, Families have chosen this as a primary source of education for decades. Whether they live in a remote urea, travel often, or believe they can provide a more stable education for their children, parents chose to take control of their child's education by providing it at home. 1 Parents relied on workbooks and other printed materials to supplement their lessons. Today, there aren't only more tangible resources, but there's also help in the form of tutoring centers and homeschooling pods — where a group of homeschooled children get together to learn as a class. While the idea of homeschooling may not be as foreign as it once was, it's still centered around replacing the teacher with a parent or guardian, Some parents who choose to homeschool may be former teachers, which makes the process a little easier, but it still may not be enough in certain areas. 2 When many districts were forced to conduct school online, teachers dove in to learn how to navigate various learning management systems, There are a number of online charter schools who are already familiar with these platforms and use them to assign and track student work and progress, Even with an asynchronous learning model, Laurel Springs School teachers are available during office hours to answer questions and may hold various Classes for additional learning support. Similar to homeschooling , online school is based around a student's individualized learning journey. 3 This allows them to pursue other passions and develop a more independent outlook by taking ownership of their education To take it a few steps further, accredited online schools, like Laurel Springs, support this leaning journey with a diverse K-l2 curriculum and instructional support. There are options for, more rigorous instruction through Honors and Ap courses. The Academy at Laurel Springs Laurel delivers an exceptional education for intellectually curious scholars. 4 Laurel Springs is also staffed with an impeccable counseling team, guiding Upper School students through their learning journey along a path to achieve their personal and professional goals. You can't get all of this through a homeschool program, unless you consult with a wide variety of other organizations. A．A flexible schedule allows students to work whenever and wherever they learn best. B．Even postgraduate students have the opportunity to take advantage of a competitive program. C．It's clear to see how homeschooling, even if done primarily online, isn't the same as online learning. D．There may have been limited resources available when the homeschooling movement was fist adopted. E．One of the main differences between online school and homeschool is that online schools still employ teachers. F．Many misconceptions may continue to build around the two, including mistaking a stake of digitized worksheets for online classrooms. 【答案】1．D 2．E 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要比较了家庭教育和在线教育的不同，强调了在线学校的教师支持和个性化学习优势。 1．由上文“Homeschooling is not a new concept, Families have chosen this as a primary source of education for decades. Whether they live in a remote urea, travel often, or believe they can provide a more stable education for their children, parents chose to take control of their child's education by providing it at home. (家庭学校并不是一个新概念，几十年来，家庭一直选择将其作为主要教育来源。无论他们是住在偏远地区，经常旅行，还是相信他们可以为孩子提供更稳定的教育，父母都选择通过在家教育来控制孩子的教育。)”以及下文“Parents relied on workbooks and other printed materials to supplement their lessons. Today, there aren’t only more tangible resources, but there’s also help in the form of tutoring centers and homeschooling pods — where a group of homeschooled children get together to learn as a class. (家长们依靠练习册和其他印刷材料来补充他们的课程。如今，不仅有更多的有形资源，而且还有辅导中心和家庭学校小组形式的帮助——在那里，一群在家上学的孩子聚在一起以班级的形式学习。)”可知，本空应描述家庭学校运动刚开始时资源的情况，与下文现在资源丰富的情况形成对比。D选项“There may have been limited resources available when the homeschooling movement was fist adopted. (在家庭学校运动刚开始时，可能资源有限。)”符合题意，故选D。 2．由下文“When many districts were forced to conduct school online, teachers dove in to learn how to navigate various learning management systems. There are a number of online charter schools who are already familiar with these platforms and use them to assign and track student work and progress. (当许多学区被迫进行在线教学时，教师们纷纷学习如何驾驭各种学习管理系统。有许多在线特许学校已经熟悉这些平台，并使用它们来布置和跟踪学生的作业和进度。)”可知，本空应强调在线学校和家庭学校在教师使用上的区别。E选项“One of the main differences between online school and homeschool is that online schools still employ teachers. (在线学校和家庭学校的主要区别之一是，在线学校仍然雇佣教师。)”能引出下文，符合题意，故选E。 3．由上文“Similar to homeschooling, online school is based around a student’s individualized learning journey. (与家庭学校类似，在线学校也是基于学生的个性化学习旅程。)”可知，本空应描述在线学校如何支持学生的个性化学习旅程。A选项“A flexible schedule allows students to work whenever and wherever they learn best. (灵活的时间表允许学生在任何时间、任何地点学习。)”能承接上文，符合题意，故选A。 4．由上文“To take it a few steps further, accredited online schools, like Laurel Springs, support this leaning journey with a diverse K-l2 curriculum and instructional support. There are options for, more rigorous instruction through Honors and Ap courses. The Academy at Laurel Springs Laurel delivers an exceptional education for intellectually curious scholars. (更进一步地说，像Laurel Springs这样经过认证的在线学校，通过多样化的K-12课程和教学支持来支持这一学习旅程。还有通过荣誉课程和AP课程进行更严格教学的选择。Laurel Springs学院为求知欲旺盛的学者提供卓越的教育。)”可知，本空应继续描述Laurel Springs学院提供的教育机会。B选项“Even postgraduate students have the opportunity to take advantage of a competitive program. (甚至研究生也有机会利用一个有竞争力的项目。)”进一步说明了该学院提供的教育层次和机会，能承接上文，符合题意。故选B。 20 / 20网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第07讲 六选四之宏观角度考查句子功能 参考答案 模拟·基础演练 考向01 段首题（节选片段） 【01】. C 【02】 C 【03】. D： 考向02 段中题（节选片段） 【01】47. E 48. B 【02】47. E 49. D 【03】47. C 48. D 考向03 段尾题（节选片段） 【01】47. B 【02】47. D 49. C 【03】 50. D 重难·创新演练 Passage 1 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．F 4．C Passage 2 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．F Passage 3 【答案】1．B 2．E 3．F 4．D 名校真题·实战演练 Passage 1 【答案】1．F 2．D 3．A 4．C Passage 2 【答案】5．D 6．C 7．F 8．A Passage 3 【答案】1．D 2．E 3．A 4．B 20 / 20网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第07讲 六选四之宏观角度考查句子功能 目 录 模拟·基础演练 1 重难·创新演练 7 真题·实战演练 13 模拟·基础演练 考查重点：情态动词的基本用法，情态动词在句子翻译中灵活运用…… 考向01 段首题（节选片段） 【01】 （2025年虹口一模） The Benefits of Talking to Your Dog Further support for this phenomenon comes from a 2022 study. It was found that by engaging in micro- breaks to pet their pup, the people are able to relax and recover— in ways that interacting with unfurry family members doesn’t. ____50____ “They can sense when we’re upset— and they are arguably better at reading us than some people are,” says Kogan. And “because we know that our dogs read us so well, we regulate ourselves so as not to upset our dogs, which is helpful for us as well.” It’s a positive feedback loop(反馈回路). A. A dog won’t try to fix the problem the way some people do. B. Dogs are not just pets but beloved members of a family. C. Dogs are fantastic at reading us. D. Reading and understanding the needs of pets helps improve our overall emotional well-being. E. Talking to your dog about emotionally frustrating issues can be particularly beneficial. F. They’re more likely to distract you. 【02】 （2025年闵行一模） A. Could a pill make social situations feel less threatening? B. Social connections are also essential for a healthy lifestyle. C. It's like driving in the winter when you can't see clearly. D. Is there a strong connection between memory enhancement and stress reduction? E. At the same time, it can also make them defensive when judging others. F. Unfortunately, the fear will appear repeatedly and influence your perception of things. Can a Pill Fight Loneliness? 48 That's the focus of a clinical experiment that Cacioppo is overseeing. For a year and a half, 96 lonely but healthy subjects have been taking a certain amount of pregnenolone, a chemical substance associated with memory enhancement and stress reduction. The goal of the research is to see how balancing pregnenolone levels affects the subjects. The pill could help reduce the fear that makes lonely people withdraw and act more calmly in social situations. 49 The idea is that a pill could clear your view, helping you see things clearly instead of feeling afraid of everyone. Then you become more willing to listen to others. 【03】 （2025年浦东新区一模） A. Three days later, they saw an interesting chain of events. B. And he selectively treated his wound and not any other body parts. C. Rakus may have observed his mother demonstrating how to treat wounds. D. Laumer and colleagues do not know how or where this behavior originated. E. The findings may provide insights into the evolution of this behavior among humans. F. It’s the first report of suspected wound treatment by a wild animal using a plant with known medicinal properties. Orangutan treats his wound with a medicinal plant Self-medication has been documented in multiple wild primate(灵长类) species, but not applying them to recent wounds. There is only one other study of active wound treatment by great apes. Several years ago, researchers reported one population of chimpanzees in Gabon, applied flying insects to their own wounds. However, the researchers could not identify the insects or make any conclusions about the effectiveness of the treatment. (50)________________ Perhaps he accidentally touched a wound while feeding on a plant and experienced its analgesic(镇痛的) effects, causing him to repeat the behavior. It is also possible that Rakus previously learned the behavior from other orangutans, since young orangutans rely on social learning to acquire the skills necessary for adult life. 考向02 段中题（节选片段） 【01】 （2025年长宁一模） Machine identifies songs from people’s brainwaves Artificial intelligence has learned to identify the songs someone is listening to from their brain readings. Derek Lomas at Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands and his colleagues asked 20 people to listen to 12 songs through headphones. ____47____ Each person’s brainwaves were recorded using an EEG (脑电图) cap that detects electrical activity. The EEG readings from each person were cut into short pieces and used along with the matching music clip to train an AI to spot patterns between the two. ____48____ But the software struggles if it is trained on EEG data from one person and then attempts to identify a song when someone else listens to it. Accuracy in such tests fell to less than one in every ten attempts. A. Lomas hopes that this will further our understanding of the brain, as well as boost knowledge of how and why humans consume music. B. The AI was then tested on unseen portions of the data, identifying songs with a precision of 85 per cent. C. The experiment was conducted to determine if AI could replace human musicians. D. This suggests that the AI’s ability to identify songs highly depends on the individual’s brain activity. E. The volunteers did this blindfolded and in a faintly lit room to minimise the effect of their other senses on the results. F. The researchers believe that this is due to each person’s preference towards a song being unique. 【02】 （2025年杨浦一模） Disliking Vegetables Can Rub off on Others Scientists have long been interested in why some people like vegetables and why others don’t, when eating greens is good for you. ___47___ Apparently, watching someone eating vegetables and visibly disliking them could put you off them a bit too. Humans learn which behaviours will benefit them, including eating, by watching the reactions of others. ___49___ Scientists think that people might avoid food that appears sickening because it could help to protect them from eating something that tastes bad or could be dangerous. A. A previous study found that children between the ages of four and six years old were more likely to eat broccoli if they’d seen video clips of adults enjoying it. B. However, a positive facial expression didn’t make them like broccoli more. C. In fact, the impact of observing others eat extends beyond simply dining manners. D. This is known as social modelling, and it is a strong influence on people’s eating habits. E. A new study has found that other people’s likes and dislikes could play a part. F. This phenomenon, often referred to as social influence, highlights how our eating behaviors are not shaped by the behaviors of those we dine with. 【03】 （2025年徐汇一模） The power of placebo (安慰剂) Have you ever taken a pill for a headache and felt instant relief even though there’s no way the medicine could have taken effect so quickly? If so, you’ve personally experienced a medical phenomenon known as the placebo effect. ____47____ In the above situation regarding your headache, the active ingredient (成分) couldn’t have been responsible for your reduced pain. So why did the symptoms improve? Scientists don’t completely understand the mechanisms behind the effect, but they have determined that an individual’s conditioning and expectations likely play a major role. With your headache, for example, you expected the painkiller to work because pills have relieved your headaches in the past. ____48____ In fact, the latter means a placebo can still work even when someone knows it’s not real medicine! Other factors that can influence how well a treatment works include being told it’s effective by a doctor, your doctor’s body language or tone of voice, and the knowledge that you’ re taking action to solve the problem. A. Unfortunately, our expectations can also work against us. B. Believe it or not, there are limits to even the strongest placebo effect. C. This effect occurs when a patient is given a treatment that is able to improve their symptoms even though it lacks an active ingredient. D. Additionally, you probably associate pills in general with recovering from illness. E. If we can learn to make use of the power of positive thinking, perhaps one day we can even move beyond using traditional drugs to treat minor symptoms! F. And in routine medical practice, placebos are rarely used on purpose. 考向03 段尾题（节选片段） 【01】 （2025年松江一模） Protecting Wetlands Wetlands are among the most effective ecosystems on Earth, providing a habitat for a wide variety of plant and animal species and therefore play a crucial role in maintaining environmental balance and supporting biodiversity. For instance, they can act as natural water purifiers and absorbing harmful substances from runoff(地表径流) before they reach larger bodies of water. ___47___ . A. Wetlands are known for their ability to feed part of the world. B. This helps to preserve clean water for humans and wildlife alike. C. Without them, the city construction will slow down in some way. D. Many wetlands have been filled to make way for fields and buildings. E. Besides their ecological benefits, wetlands offer economic and recreational value. F. These call for cooperation between governments, organizations and communities. 【02】 （2025年崇明一模） A. One 7-minute block had people sitting in silence. B. In this case, the brain might be tuning into the music. C. The authors suggested it was evidence of music being more than a distraction from an unpleasant experience. D. And the most effective pain relievers were found to be sad songs detailing bittersweet and emotional experiences. E. Nevertheless, while our bodies still feel the pain, the messages to make our conscious mind perceive the pain may not be relayed. F. People who listened to bittersweet songs also reported more thrills (震颤感) and shivers (哆嗦) on the skin from listening to pleasurable music. Certain Types of Music Could Help You Feel Less Pain, New Study Says There is no doubt that music can calm the soul for some, and it turns out that it could also be a temporary reliever for physical pain. Listening to favorite songs could reduce people’s perception of pain, according to a new study. 47 ....... When rating their experiences, people were more likely to report feeling less pain when listening to their favorite songs compared with hearing the unfamiliar relaxing song or silence. The scrambled songs did not reduce pain either. 49 After interviewing the participants about the song they brought and their rating of pain, the researchers found people who listened to bittersweet and moving songs felt less pain than when they listened to songs with calming or cheerful themes. ....... 【03】 （2025年青浦一模） Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A. That something could be a shrinking of the green. B. Several environmental factors could explain the spread of fatness. C. He emphasizes that further action is needed to prove the association between green space access and childhood fatness. D. In September the U.S. approved the No Child Left Inside Act to encourage public initiatives aimed at exposing kids to the outdoors. E. Such findings tell a powerful story. F. In its purest sense, a green neighborhood simply means more places for kids to play, which is closely related to children’s activity levels. Urban Green Spaces and Their Impact on Children’s Health ........ Exposure to grassy areas has also been linked to less stress and a lower body mass index (指数）among adults. And an analysis of 3,000 Tokyo residents associated walkable green spaces with greater longevity among senior citizens. Glass cautions that most studies don’t necessarily prove a causal link between greenness and health, but they’re nonetheless helping urge action. ____50____ So, if you live in a suburb or a city with good parks, take advantage of what’s there. Your children in particular 重难·创新演练 设题创新:棘冠海星在健康珊瑚礁生态系统中的作用；如何衡量“软性”领导力 Passage 1 【新情境·棘冠海星在健康珊瑚礁生态系统中的作用】 【2025届上海市七宝中学高三下学期5月测试英语试题】 Crown-of-Thorns Starfish and the Great Barrier Reef (大堡礁) Native to the warm waters of the Indo-Pacific region, crown-of-thorns starfish can serve as important predators(捕食者) in healthy reef ecosystems, where they feed primarily on fast-growing corals. This predation creates space for slower-growing coral species to develop, thereby maintaining biodiversity. 1 The animals typically have a regular rise and fall cycle, but since the 1960s, scientists have noted an alarming increase in the size and frequency of outbreaks of the predators, which can grow up to half a meter wide. A comprehensive 2012 study examining the 27-year decline of coral populations on the Great Barrier Reef attributed approximately 40% of total coral mortality to these greedy predators. Over the past two decades, several major outbreaks have caused devastating damage to large sections of the Great Barrier Reef. 2 . In response, scientists launched a killing program in 2012 in an attempt to control starfish numbers across vast reef areas. Despite criticism from some conservation groups, controlled studies have demonstrated positive outcomes from the program. Specifically, recent monitoring data indicates that coral cover increased by an average of 44% in regions where targeted starfish removal was implemented, suggesting this intervention may be effective in supporting reef recovery. Some marine ecologists, however, remain unconvinced that killing offers a sustainable long-term solution. Crown-of-thorns starfish, though destructive during population booms, play a natural regulatory role in controlling dominant coral species and maintaining ecosystem balance. 3 Scientific evidence shows that nutrient runoff from coastal agriculture stimulates phytoplankton(浮游植物) blooms, which provide abundant food for starfish. This human-induced environmental change appears to be disrupting natural population control mechanisms. Though the program has demonstrated some success, marine scientists emphasize that addressing fundamental causes of starfish population boom, like pollution and climate change, is crucial for the long-term survival of coral reefs. 4 . A．The Great Barrier Reef is home to thousands of species that depend on healthy coral ecosystems. B．Marine biologists have observed that these outbreaks typically occur in cycles of 15-20 years, but their frequency and intensity appear to be increasing. C．Researchers are also exploring alternative methods such as using natural predators and early detection systems to provide sustainable solutions. D．However, ecological problems arise when starfish populations experience uncontrolled explosions. E．Some scientists argue that complete elimination of the starfish would be the most enduring solution. F．Concerns have been raised about the approach’s effectiveness in the face of more significant challenges, such as climate change and global warming. Passage 2 【新情境·如何衡量“软性”领导力】 【2025届上海市格致中学高三下学期5月三模英语试卷 】 Finding Hard Ways to Measure “Soft” Leadership Management experts have been promoting new leadership styles for a while. We often say that the old “command and control” approach is outdated, and that today’s leaders should focus on shared leadership, empowering others, using knowledge networks, and helping people find meaning in their work. 1 When the pressure is on, many managers go back to strict, top-down methods, showing they don’t see new approaches as essential to success. This is especially true when there are no clear role models, standards, or guidelines to follow. So the big question is: Can we prove that “soft” leadership actually works? Last year, my colleagues Morten Hansen, Urs Peyer, and I used solid data to find out which CEOs had brought the most value to their companies over the past ten years. We measured things like yearly changes in stock returns and company value during each CEO’s time in charge. 2 In our next project, we’ll combine our data with information from other sources that track modern leadership styles. (Some tools already track behaviors linked to innovation, sustainability, and other positive results.) By comparing this information, we aim to find leadership styles that truly help companies succeed. 3 Perhaps more important, the close study of their cases will help us develop a picture of how the different values they pursue come together to form a new model of leadership. 4 If we can figure out what great leadership looks like in today’s world, we may be able to predict which leaders will add the most value to their organizations in the coming decade. As management educators, we might also learn how best to develop the generation of leaders who will take charge of our largest, most powerful companies. A．By studying these successful business leaders, we hope to provide hard evidence that their successes are due to their approach to leadership. B．How do these business leaders succeed? C．However, in reality, these modern styles are still seen as optional or even soft. D．Now that we know who added value, the next step is to understand how they did it. E．Successful leaders tend to appear approachable in the office. F．Why is all this important? Passage 3 【新情境·介绍新创造的磁性服装】 【2025届上海市曹杨第二中学高三下学期三模英语试题】 How Many Devices Are You Wearing? The classic nightmare of suddenly realizing you are naked in public could soon get a futuristic twist: it might involve the horror of losing not just your modesty but also your pass codes. Scientists recently created magnetic garments that they say can store data, automatically unlock doors or control a nearby smartphone with gesture. The concept of interactive “smart clothing” has drawn attention in the past couple of years. 1 This and other smart garments are made with conductive thread and usually require an attached electronic device. To eliminate the need for such devices, researchers at the University of Washington recently took advantage of what is a previously untapped property of conductive thread: its ability to be magnetized. “Using magnetic instead of electric properties of the thread may seem like a small difference, but it is what makes this work interesting and exciting,” says Chris Harrison, a computer scientist at Carnegie Mellon University. 2 The Washington team magnetized a patch of fabric embroidered with conductive thread, giving different parts of the cloth a north or south orientation that correspond to binary l’s or 0’. This step allowed the researchers to store up to 33 million different combinations — such as pass codes for doors — on a shirt sleeve. 3 The team described its findings last October at a meeting of the Association for Computing Machinery. The garments still stored data after washing, drying and ironing, but they could not escape time’s eraser; after about a week, the threads’ magnetic fields had weakened by around 30 percent. 4 But for now the clothes may be best suited for storing temporary codes, such as those found on hotel key cards or clothing tags in stores. Harrison says that it is “very unlikely you are ever going to achieve a comparable density to magnetic hard drives” with data-storing fabric, however. A．Custom-made thread has thus been designed so that the clothes are enabled to work longer. B．For example, Google and Levi’s created a touch-sensitive jacket that can operate a smartphone. C．Turning wearables into storage devices with the new technique was a unique thing the researchers had done. D．The researchers suggest that using custom-made thread designed to hold stronger magnetic fields might work longer. E．The new technique allowed the researchers to do something they say is unique among wearables: turn them into storage devices. F．They also created magnetic gloves that could control a nearby smartphone with gestures. 名校真题·实战演练 高频考点：结构衔接；段中题 Passage 1 Flower power Paco Calvo’s remarkable book Planta Sapiens is the result of “two decades of passionate exploration into a rich and alternate world that exists alongside our own” — the world of plants. 1 Calvo is a professor of the philosophy of science in the Minimal Intelligence Laboratory at the University of Murcia, Spain. Although he presents detailed scientific evidence to support his case, he also draws on philosophical arguments about the nature of consciousness. We humans have a tendency to believe that the world revolves around us, but Calvo writes that intelligence is “not quite as special as we like to think”. 2    Calvo describes many experiments that reveal plants’ remarkable range, including the way they communicate with others nearby using “chemical talk”, a language encoded in about 1,700 volatile (易挥发的) organic compounds. 3 In lectures, he places a Venus flytrap under a bell jar with a cotton pad soaked in anesthetic. After an hour the plant no longer responds to touch by closing its traps. Tests show that plant’s electrical activity has stopped. It is effectively asleep. If plants can be put to sleep, does that imply they also have a waking state? Calvo thinks it does, and argues that it’s quite possible they have an individual experience of the world: They may be aware. Other studies show that some plants retain a memory of where the sun will rise, in order to turn their leaves towards the first rays. 4 The conclusion must be that they constantly collect information, processing and retaining it in order to “make predictions, learn, and even plan ahead.” These are revolutionary ideas and as Calvo admits, contested by many scientists who study the physiology of plants. But he guides us through the latest research and builds a compelling case that, unlikely as it may seem, deserves to be taken seriously. Although plants lack our grey matter, he believes they have a unique “green matter”. In the absence of nerves, plants use networked cells to regulate themselves. A．He also shows how, like animals, they can be anesthetized (麻醉). B．Fundamentally, this book is about changing our perception of plants. C．They store this knowledge for several days, even when kept in total darkness. D．He argues that it’s time to accept that other organisms, even drastically different ones, may be capable of it. E．These movements of plants are in fact “behavior”, and observing behavior is the route to understanding intelligence. F．The subject of his exploration is startlingly fundamental: the question of whether plants can be regarded as possessing intelligence. Passage 2 The Science of Measuring Time Caesium is a soft, silvery-gold metal that becomes liquid when stored in a warm room. It is mostly found in mineral deposits near a small lake in central Canada. 5 But do you know that caesium is also the metronome (节拍器) of the world, the ultimate source of all modern time? For a thousand years, phenomena in the sky were our timekeepers and calendars. Prehistoric tombs and monuments around the world are in line with the sunrise on the solstice (至日). We knew time passed because we saw things change. The Sun rose, seasons turned. 6 A second was defined as a fraction of the solar year. But in 1967, at the 13th General Conference on Weights and Measures in Paris, the second was redefined according to rhythmic shaking of the caesium atom. Caesium atoms, when excited by just the right frequency, resonate like a wine glass shattered by an opera singer. By measuring this frequency, we measure time. Atoms make for handy clockwork: they have no moving parts, don’t wear out, and are attractively standard. 7 And they tick very fast. Half a century before the first accurate caesium clock measurement, some physicists suspected they had gone as far as they could with world-changing theories. However, modern day timekeeping have been and are being improved by about ten times per decade. The most advanced atomic clocks now are so precise that they would lose less than a second over the entire age of the universe. 8 It is not out of obsession, but because the more accurately we measure time, the more clearly we can observe reality. In the future, clocks may not just tell time; they may help rewrite the laws of time itself too. A．And yet, the pursuit for greater precision continues. B．Time probably does not even exist in the world, but rather in people’s projection. C．As late as the mid-20th century, our time remained tied to the Sun. D．Its main commercial use is in drilling fluids for petroleum exploration. E．Ever since, timekeeping has become the domain of physicists. F．While sunlight and pendulums (钟摆) vary, every caesium atom is identical to any other. Passage3 （2023年6月·上海高考真题） The Difference Between Homeschooling and Schooling at Home Homeschooling is not a new concept, Families have chosen this as a primary source of education for decades. Whether they live in a remote urea, travel often, or believe they can provide a more stable education for their children, parents chose to take control of their child's education by providing it at home. 1 Parents relied on workbooks and other printed materials to supplement their lessons. Today, there aren't only more tangible resources, but there's also help in the form of tutoring centers and homeschooling pods — where a group of homeschooled children get together to learn as a class. While the idea of homeschooling may not be as foreign as it once was, it's still centered around replacing the teacher with a parent or guardian, Some parents who choose to homeschool may be former teachers, which makes the process a little easier, but it still may not be enough in certain areas. 2 When many districts were forced to conduct school online, teachers dove in to learn how to navigate various learning management systems, There are a number of online charter schools who are already familiar with these platforms and use them to assign and track student work and progress, Even with an asynchronous learning model, Laurel Springs School teachers are available during office hours to answer questions and may hold various Classes for additional learning support. Similar to homeschooling , online school is based around a student's individualized learning journey. 3 This allows them to pursue other passions and develop a more independent outlook by taking ownership of their education To take it a few steps further, accredited online schools, like Laurel Springs, support this leaning journey with a diverse K-l2 curriculum and instructional support. There are options for, more rigorous instruction through Honors and Ap courses. The Academy at Laurel Springs Laurel delivers an exceptional education for intellectually curious scholars. 4 Laurel Springs is also staffed with an impeccable counseling team, guiding Upper School students through their learning journey along a path to achieve their personal and professional goals. You can't get all of this through a homeschool program, unless you consult with a wide variety of other organizations. A．A flexible schedule allows students to work whenever and wherever they learn best. B．Even postgraduate students have the opportunity to take advantage of a competitive program. C．It's clear to see how homeschooling, even if done primarily online, isn't the same as online learning. D．There may have been limited resources available when the homeschooling movement was fist adopted. E．One of the main differences between online school and homeschool is that online schools still employ teachers. F．Many misconceptions may continue to build around the two, including mistaking a stake of digitized worksheets for online classrooms. 20 / 20网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $