专题09 阅读理解细节题、词义猜测题（专项训练）（上海专用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

**基本信息** 聚焦阅读理解细节题与词义猜测题，通过基础、重难、真题三级演练，覆盖直接信息、跨句整合、多重语境等考向，构建从基础到创新的能力递进体系。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |模拟·基础演练|4类细节题+4类猜测题|单句定位到跨句整合，单一逻辑到多重语境|从基础信息提取到复杂逻辑分析，培养语言理解与思维层次| |重难·创新演练|3篇新情境语篇|可充电助听器等新话题，考查深层关联与词义推测|结合真实场景，提升信息筛选与文化意识| |真题·实战演练|3篇高考/名校真题|dialect消失、零价格效应等主题，综合考查细节与猜测|对接高考命题趋势，强化思维品质与学习能力|

第09讲 阅读理解细节题、词义猜测题 目 录 模拟·基础演练 1 重难·创新演练 7 真题·实战演练 13 模拟·基础演练 考查重点：新考法不再局限于 “单句定位 + 同义转换”，而是强调跨句信息整合、细节与观点匹配、数据 / 案例深层关联；词句猜测题：从 “单一逻辑” 转向 “多重语境 考向01 阅读理解细节题（节选） 1．直接信息题 （2026年金山区一模） What is the true worth of a human life? Are all lives equally valuable? My struggle with these serious questions ultimately shaped my core beliefs. After a major tragedy years ago, I faced the difficult task of setting compensation amounts (补偿金) for every victim lost. The law required me to assign higher values to professionals like financial managers than to waiters, police officers, firefighters, or soldiers. This practice occurs daily in courtrooms nationwide. Our legal system traditionally links compensation for death directly to each victim’s financial standing — their lost earning power. 38. According to the author, what does the law use as the basis for setting compensation amounts for victims? A. The victim’s moral worth. B. The family’s emotional pain. C. The victim’s professional title. D. The victim’s earning ability. 2．间接信息题 （2026年宝山区一模） Product info: Comfy Cozy Wrap Around Blanket $36.99 By Comfy Cozy (4) 4 out of 5 stars 4120 customer reviews Stay warm this winter with the Comfy Cozy Wrap Around Blanket! It’s a blanket that wraps around you and stays comfortable with the magnetic enclosures. The blanket comes in different materials and colors. Choose the material you like based on how warm you’d like to be! 42. What do we know about this product? A. It is undesirable. B. It is made from recycled items. C. It is very popular. D. It is environmentally friendly. 3．数据计算题 （2025年奉贤一模） Subway tickets Type Adult Child** * unlimited travel for one day ** Applies to children under 16 years old. Children under five travel for free if accompanied by a fare paying adult. Single £1.80 £0.85 Return £3.40 £1.60 All day* £4.30 £2.15 42. A couple taking a 15-year-old and a newborn on a ONE-DAY trip in Glasgow can maximize their subway experience by paying ________. A. £6.45 B. £8.40 C. £10.75 D. £12.90 4．排序题 （2025·上海松江·二模） The following is an overview of the homeownership process： Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Step 6 Step 1: ... Step 2: ... Step 3: ... Step 4: ... Step 5: Homebuyers complete the paperwork for a mortgage, which ends with their signature. Step 6: Once all of the forms are signed and all of the construction is complete, it’s time to move in and celebrate! 3．What is the correct order of the four missing steps in the process? ① Local Habitat staff and volunteers carefully review each family’s application packet and present their recommendations to the local board of directors. ② There are information sessions where potential homeowners can learn about their homeownership program, ask questions and make connections. ③ Habitat staff make a home visit to hear more about a potential future homeowner’s desire to partner with Habitat. ④ If a family feels Habitat’s homeownership program is the right fit for them, they apply locally during an open application period. A．②④③① B．②①④③ C．①④③② D．①②④③ 考向02 阅读理解词义猜测题（节选） 1．猜测单词词义 【上海市七宝中学2024-2025学年高三下学期5月英语试卷】 The nonprofit, whose mission is to support serving and retired police dogs nationwide, said the lost man was “confused, wet, and cold, and unable to get up” when the retired police dog came across him. “The man was a vulnerable missing person officers had been searching for without success,” the post read. The man was lying in a “dark and very cold” area before being led to safety by Bear. “RPD Bear, you’re a true hero, showing us that even in retirement, you can still save lives,” the organization wrote. “Happy Birthday, Bear!” 6．The word “vulnerable” in paragraph 2 most probably has the same meaning as “________”. A．content. B．weak. C．courageous. D．reliable. 2. 猜测短语意义 【2025届上海市七宝中学高三下学期5月测试英语试题】 But once we recognize the loop, we can rewrite it. Duhigg makes this science tangible(有形的) through vivid examples: how call centers train new employees to handle angry customers by rewiring their instinctive reactions into calm, solution-focused responses, or how Olympic swimmers like Michael Phelps use ritualized warm-ups to enter peak performance states. The same principle applies to everyday life. Small, deliberate adjustments—like exchanging social media for a short walk during breaks —can reprogram autopilot behaviors over time.    15．The term “autopilot behaviors” in paragraph 2 probably refers to __________. A．temporary impulsive reaction. B．mindless habitual action. C．conscious voluntary options. D．random instinctive responses. 3. 猜测句子意思 （2026年青浦区一模） When I was seven, my father drove our old car to the edge of a cliff in California. The salt mist from the Pacific fogged the windshield. He pointed to the horizon and said, “This is where the world ends.” I believed him. The gray water seemed endless, blending sea and sky. Sea birds circled, their cries lost in the wind. I held the seat tightly, fearing the cliff would collapse. For weeks, I dreamt of falling, not a terrifying dive, but a gentle drift into the ocean’s embrace. 36. The underlined sentence in the first paragraph refers to a particular place where _________. A. people enjoy the circling sea birds B. the boy underwent a terrifying falling C. the sea and sky mix into one far away D. the father parked to let the boy feel the mist 4. 猜测代词指代意思 （2026年长宁区一模） Your brain, from early life to old age We’re born helpless and foolish. As we mature, experience and schooling teach us useful things, and we get woke. Then, year by year, we slip back into mental weakness. That’s the picture most of us have of intelligence. Unfortunately, it’s stupid. Research reveals that each period of cognitive (认知的) development offers learning strategies as well as balances between opposing strategies. It is that combination of “aha” (when expressing sudden insight)and “duh”(when showing evident stupidity in learning) that actually makes humans truly intelligent. It, in other words, shapes the way we learn, think, judge, find and solve problems. 40. The word “It” in paragraph 1 most probably refers to ________. A. humans’ ongoing brain science research B. the mix of intelligence and unintelligence C. the common understanding of intelligence D. humans’ ability to make sensible judgements 重难·创新演练 设题创新:可充电助听器的特点与优势;生态保护故事；中探讨了创新对企业的价值和潜在风险。 Passage 1 【新情境·可充电助听器的特点与优势】 Passage 1（【来源】上海市闵行六校2025-2026学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题） Advanced Rechargeable Digital Hearing Aid Technology Only $229！ The new Advanced HearClear HCR3 rechargeable hearing aid combines advanced technology with a low price to provide you with outstanding value. 5 star Reviews!☆☆☆☆☆ Outstanding Product! “This product is outstanding. Dad loves it, my mom loves it, and I am grateful! 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Your new HearClear HCR3 hearing aids work at a fraction of the cost of name-brand hearing aids, and you won’t have to keep changing the batteries! You will love the comfortable and lightweight Open-fit design. The HCR3 is pre-programmed for most moderate to significant hearing losses, so you won’t need professional appointments to make costly adjustments. It is shipped directly to you and will help you hear better right out of the box! You can spend thousands for an expensive hearing aid, or you can spend just $249 for hearing aid that is great for most hearing losses (only S229 each when you buy a pair). We are so sure you will love your hearing aids that we offer a 100% Money Back Guarantee--Risk Free if you are not satisfied for any reason. 1．One reason why buying a pair of hearing aids is recommended is that A．the HCR3 guarantees 100% refund if bought in pairs B．it will save consumers up to $20 for a pair of hearing aids C．humans are pre-programmed to better hear with two ears D．people can hear triple better in various situation with two hearing aids 2．How much will you pay if you want to buy a pair of HCR3 hearing aids? A．$229. B．$249. C．$ 458. D．$498. 3．Which of the following features can be added to the section “HCR3 Features”? ① Built-in programs for different listening situations. ②Easy access to changing batteries ③Digital sound processing chip. ④ Simple adjustments without professional help. A．①③ B．①③④ C．②③④ D．①②③ Passage 2 【新情境·橡树苗的拯救故事】【来源】上海市宝山区上海大学附属中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中英语考试卷） Almost half a million young oak (橡树) trees have been saved after The Times revealed they were due to be destroyed because of delays in government help to create more woodland. A tree nursery said in March that it had been unable to find buyers for the one and two-year-old seedlings of England’s national tree. Maelor Forest Nurseries near Wrexham spent two years looking after 500,000 seedlings, expecting a great increase in demand after government promises to increase tree planting. Demand failed to materialize and the company said it planned to destroy the trees, partly blaming difficulties land owners faced in obtaining subsidies to fund the work. After The Times reported on the plan, dozens of charities, community groups and individuals all over the country got in touch with Maelor to ask if they could help. “The nursery discounted the price per tree from 35 — 40 pence to 20 pence and sold nearly all of the 500,000 it had been planning to destroy. Thanks largely to the article in The Times only a small percentage had to be destroyed,” said Mike Harvey, Maelor’s managing director. “We are delighted that these oak saplings (幼树) have found good homes. We were frustrated at the prospect of having to destroy plants which we had spent two years growing only to find they were being left without a future for reasons beyond our control.” Mr Harvey said the largest order, for 30,000 oaks, had come from Extinction Rebellion Rewilding, an offshoot of the climate change campaign group. It launched a campaign called Save the Oaks which raised £10,000 through a crowdfunding appeal to purchase and plant trees that had been due to be destroyed. Jethro Gauld, one of the organisers of the planting in Cambridgeshire, said, “We wanted to do something to prevent such a massive waste of saplings and help create a good news story to benefit local people and wildlife. ” Natasha Somers, a volunteer for Save the Oaks, said, “The support we’ve seen shows how a community can come together in difficult times. It’s clear that people want to act for a better future, one where humanity and nature are connected.” 1．The underlined word ‘subsidies’ is closest in meaning to ‘________’. A．equipment B．technical support C．confidence D．financial aid 2．What had Maelor Forest Nurseries planned to do before The Times reported on their plan? A．To reduce the price of the seedlings. B．To ruin the trees it had taken care of. C．To wait for government help to arrive. D．To count the number of oak trees in Britain. 3．What happened to the 500,000 saplings at last? A．Most of them were sold out. B．Most of them were thrown away. C．They were replanted to Cambridgeshire. D．They were donated to a campaign group. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．A prospective approach to planting. B．A nationwide effort to save oak trees. C．A tree nursery devoted to preserving endangered trees. D．A species of trees that are threatened with extinction. Passage 3 【新情境·探讨创新对企业的价值和潜在风险】 【来源】上海复旦大学附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期辅导练习10英语试卷 Business innovation is an organization’s process for introducing new ideas, workflows methodologies, services or products. Like IT innovation, which calls for using technology in new ways to create a more efficient and agile organization, business innovation should enable the achievement of goals across the entire organization, with sights set on accomplishing core business aims and initiatives. Innovation often begins with idea generation, whereas ideas are narrowed down during brainstorming sessions, after which leaders consider the business viability, feasibility and desirability of each idea. Business innovation should improve one existing products, services or processes; or it should solve a problem; or it should reach new customers. Recent examples of business innovation include the introduction of the Dyson vacuum cleaner, whose creator and namesake James Dyson declared in advertisements that he set out to build a better product by applying industrial cyclone technologies to the household appliance. The purpose of the business innovation process is to create value for the organization. That value can come from creating new revenue opportunities or driving more revenue through existing channels: from creating efficiencies that save time, money or both; or from improvements to productivity or performance. In short, innovation should lead to higher profits. Additionally, the results of an organization’s innovation process should yield a competitive advantage: it should help the organization to grow and reach — or, better still, exceed — strategic objectives. Innovation and invention are closely linked, but the two terms are hardly interchangeable. An invention is an entirely new creation. The process of business innovation can produce an invention, but the term is broader in scope and includes the application of an existing concept or practice in a new way, or applying new technology to an existing product or process to improve upon it. To better understand the difference, consider this: The telephone is an invention, but the smartphone is an innovation. Business innovation can also be classified as either revolutionary or evolutionary. Revolutionary business innovation yields a drastic change in a product, service, process, etc. which often destroys or supplants an existing business model. This is also known as radical innovation. Evolutionary or incremental innovation involves smaller, more continuous improvements that, while important, are not drastic enough to shift a company or market into a new paradigm. Disruptive innovation is a category that emphasizes the destructive aspect of revolutionary innovation: this term applies to business innovation that leads to the creation of a new market that displaces an existing one or, similarly, a significant upheaval in a category of products or services. Business innovation, like most business initiatives, has both benefits and risks. Organizations should recognize on the negative side that the business innovation process can be a costly undertaking that does not always produce a return on investment (ROI); that ideas considered likely to succeed could still fail; and that stakeholders could fight the changes required to be successful. On the other hand, organizations need to weigh those risks against the benefits of business innovation. 1．What is the fundamental purpose of business innovation? A．To generate a vast number of creative ideas through brainstorming. B．To make more profits by replacing existing business models. C．To facilitate the invention of entirely new products and services. D．To enhance the company’s overall value and competitive position. 2．According to the passage, which of the following options is an example of innovation? A．The development of a ride-hailing APP. B．The discovery of penicillin. C．The creation of the first electric light bulb. D．The scientific formulation of the theory of General Relativity. 3．Based on the passage, which of the following statements is true? A．Revolutionary innovation is risky while evolutionary innovation is safe. B．Disruptive innovation is a separate category contrary to revolutionary innovation. C．Evolutionary innovation focuses on the creation of new products. D．The difference between revolutionary and evolutionary innovation lies in the scale of impact. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards business innovation? A．Critically skeptical. B．Guardedly optimistic. C．Unreservedly enthusiastic. D．Academically detached. 名校真题·实战演练 Passage 1 The Quiet Disappearance of the World’s Dialects Every two weeks, the last speaker of a language dies, taking with them a unique way of understanding the world. While global attention often focuses on the extinction of plant and animal species, the parallel loss of linguistic diversity receives comparatively little notice. Yet by UNESCO’s count, more than 40% of the world’s approximately 7,000 languages are currently at risk of disappearing by the end of this century. The primary driver of this linguistic erosion is urbanization. As rural populations migrate to cities in search of economic opportunity, they often abandon regional dialects in favor of dominant urban languages. A farmer who moves from a village in Yunnan province to Kunming, for example, may switch from speaking a local Yi dialect to standard Mandarin within a single generation. Their children, born in the city, may never learn the ancestral language at all. The loss is not merely linguistic but cultural and scientific. Each language encodes specialized knowledge about local ecosystems, medicinal plants, and sustainable resource management that has been accumulated over thousands of years. When the last speaker of the Kallawaya language in Bolivia dies, for instance, centuries of knowledge about Andean medicinal plants — knowledge used by healer-priests for generations — will vanish with them. However, some communities are fighting back with remarkable creativity. In New Zealand, the Maori language was once predicted to disappear, but a comprehensive revitalization effort involving “language nests” — preschools where elders speak exclusively Maori to children — has brought the language back from the brink. In Hawaii, similar immersion programs have increased the number of fluent Hawaiian speakers from fewer than 50 in the 1980s to over 18,000 today. Digital technology is also playing a role: smartphone apps now allow speakers of endangered languages to record vocabulary and grammar, creating living digital archives that can be passed to future generations. Dr. K. David Harrison, a linguist who has spent decades documenting endangered languages, remains cautiously optimistic. “Language loss is not inevitable,” he observes. “We have seen that when communities decide their language matters and are given the resources to preserve it, reversal is possible. The question is whether we as a global society value linguistic diversity enough to invest in its survival.” 1．According to the passage, what is the main cause of dialect disappearance? A．The rise of digital communication and social media. B．Urbanization and migration to cities. C．Government policies that ban regional languages. D．The natural evolution of all human languages over time. 2．Why does the author mention the Kallawaya language in paragraph 3? A．To illustrate that language loss also means the loss of specialized cultural knowledge. B．To argue that Bolivia has the highest rate of language extinction. C．To demonstrate that ancient languages are more complex than modern ones. D．To suggest that only South American languages are truly endangered. 3．What can be inferred about the Maori and Hawaiian language revitalization efforts? A．They have been largely unsuccessful despite significant funding. B．They rely primarily on government legislation rather than community action. C．They demonstrate that language loss can be reversed with sustained effort. D．They prove that digital technology is the only effective preservation method. 4．What is Dr. Harrison’s attitude toward the future of endangered languages? A．Deeply pessimistic and resigned to widespread language loss. B．Cautiously hopeful if communities and society invest in preservation. C．Completely confident that all endangered languages can be saved. D．Indifferent, viewing language loss as a natural historical process. Passage 2 A few years ago I went shopping with Alex for a new motorcycle. He didn’t have a particular model in mind. His only two criteria? A big engine, since too much horsepower is never enough, and since he’s tall, a relaxed riding position. I suggested a Hayabusa. Giggle-inducing power, comfortable bike. Or an XS-14R. Both were within his budget, especially the Hayabusa since the dealer was offering a $ 2,500 discount on a previous year’s model. He rode them both. Loved them both. Then he became fixated on a ZX-6R KRT. Great bike, sure. But a much smaller motor. And a riding position that made him look like a contorted praying mantis (螳螂). Seemed odd. Until it hit me. The purchase of any bike 750cc and under came with a free helmet. A 2017 study published in Marketing Science found that people tend to significantly overvalue “free”. When faced with a choice of selecting one of several available products or possibly buying nothing, people will choose the option with the highest cost-benefit difference. However, decisions about free (zero price) products differ, in that people do not simply subtract costs from benefits but instead perceive the benefits associated with free products as higher. Since my friend also wanted a new helmet, getting one for free was extremely — even irrationally — inviting. After all, the math didn’t work. We eventually negotiated $ 3,200 off the price of the Hayabusa, a price so good that I was tempted to buy it. The free helmet was only worth $ 250. So why would such a smart guy be so easily swayed? As the researchers write: A free product involves benefits and no costs, while a better product for any positive price involves both benefits and costs — it is possible that options that have only benefits create more positive effects compared with options that involve both benefits and costs. In short, free results in instinctive mental shortcuts. Zero is zero; what math do you need to do? Free doesn’t seem to require a cost / benefit analysis; what are the downsides of free? Free seemingly makes an otherwise thoughtful decision simple: “Sure, that might be a good deal but this is free!” Two months later my friend traded in his 6R for a 14R. The previous-year Hayabusa was long gone. But don’t think badly of him. We’ve all been blinded by the power of free. Free shipping on products for a cost that exceeds those savings. Free samples that make us feel the need to reciprocate (回报) the provider’s “generosity” by making a purchase. Free quotes that make us enter a sales funnel we struggle to escape. Whenever something is free, stop and consider the intent, and see “free” as a reason to do even more math. See “free” as a reason to go one step further in evaluating costs and benefits. 5．Why did Alex buy a ZX-6R KRT? A．Because he didn’t excel at math, calculation in particular. B．Because its price was brought down so he could afford it. C．Because he did some research before making the decision. D．Because he thought the motorbike with a giveaway was a good bargain. 6．How does zero-price effect cause smart people to make bad decisions? A．People choose the option with the greatest difference between benefit and cost. B．“Free” is so tempting that we stop being logical and thus end up with a bad deal. C．“Free” means there is no need to negotiate for a big discount on a product or service. D．If a product or service is priced zero, we don’t have to worry about its value. 7．What is NOT a typical example of giving in to this zero-price effect? A．Alice ended up buying a book she didn’t plan to read just to avail the free shipping offer. B．Johnson bought socks of unknown quality because they had a “buy one get one free” offer. C．Joe’s cost / benefit analysis didn’t cloud his judgement or blind him to price calculation faults. D．Teddy appreciated the shop assistant’s generosity and settled for anything but a best deal. 8．What might be the best title of the passage? A．The Worst Deal Ever Made B．When “Free” is Actually the Best Deal C．Paying Too Much When Paying Nothing D．Forget Doing the Math When Shopping Passage 3 （2021年6月上海高考） A Swedish Professor at Natural History came out to the farm to ask me for help. He had come to Africa to find out at what stage of the embryo( 胎) state the foot of the monkeys begins to differ from the human foot. For this purpose he meant to go and shoot Colobus monkeys on Mount Elgon. “You will never find out from the Colobus monkeys,"I said to him, "they live in the tops of the trees and are shy and difficult to shoot. It would be the greatest luck should you get the embryo you want.” The Professor was hopeful. He was going to stay out till he had got his foot, he said, even if it was before years. He had applied to the Game Department for permission to shoot the monkeys he wanted. The permission he was, in view of the high scientific object of his research, certain to get, but so far, he had had no reply. ““How many monkeys have you asked to be allowed to shoot?” I asked him. He told me that he had, to begin with, asked for permission to shoot fifteen hundred monkeys. Now I knew the people at the Game Department, and I assisted him to send in a second letter asking for a reply by return of post, since the Professor was keen to get off on his research. The answer from the Game Department did, for once, come by return of post. The Game Department,they wrote. were pleased to inform Professor Land-green that, in view of the scientific object of his research. they had seen their way to make an exception from the rules, and to raise the number of monkeys on his license from four to six. I had to read the letter over twice to the Professor. When the contents at last were clear to him, he became so deadly shocked and hurt, that he did not say a single word. To my expressions of sympathy he mad no reply, but walked out of the house, got into his car an drove away sadly. 9. By “it would be the greatest luck should you get the embryo you want”, the author implies that_____________. A. it was no easy job to get Colobus monkeys B. there were very few Colobus monkeys in Africa C. he wished the Professor good luck in doing the research D. the Professor was sure to obtain the embryo despite the difficulties 10.What can be learned about the Game Department from the passage? A. It funded the Professor's scientific research. B. It allowed the Professor to shoot only six monkeys C. It was set up to help researchers to find wild animals D.It made rules about where to shoot Colobus monkeys 11. Why did the Professor say nothing after the author read the letter to him? A.The Professor found his research was meaningless. B.The Professor realized his cruelty in shooting monkeys. C.The Professor couldn't carry out his research as expected D.The Professor felt sorry for bringing trouble to the author 12. Which of the following is covered in the passage? A.The scarcity of Colobus monkeys. B.The change of the Professor's mood C. The origin of the Game Department. D. The significance of animal protection. 20 / 20网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第09讲 阅读理解细节题、词义猜测题 参考答案 模拟·基础演练 考向01 阅读理解细节题（节选） 1. D 2. C 3. C 4.A 考向02 阅读理解词义猜测题（节选） 1. B 2. B 3. C 4.B 重难·创新演练 Passage 1 1．C 2．C 3．B Passage 2 1．D 2．B 3．A 4．B Passage 3 1．D 2．A 3．D 4．B 名校真题·实战演练 Passage 1 1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B Passage 2 5．D 6．B 7．C 8．C Passage 3 9．A 10．B 11．C 12．B 20 / 20网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第09讲 阅读理解细节题、词义猜测题 目 录 模拟·基础演练 1 重难·创新演练 7 真题·实战演练 13 模拟·基础演练 考查重点：新考法不再局限于 “单句定位 + 同义转换”，而是强调跨句信息整合、细节与观点匹配、数据 / 案例深层关联；词句猜测题：从 “单一逻辑” 转向 “多重语境 考向01 阅读理解细节题（节选） 1．直接信息题 （2026年金山区一模） What is the true worth of a human life? Are all lives equally valuable? My struggle with these serious questions ultimately shaped my core beliefs. After a major tragedy years ago, I faced the difficult task of setting compensation amounts (补偿金) for every victim lost. The law required me to assign higher values to professionals like financial managers than to waiters, police officers, firefighters, or soldiers. This practice occurs daily in courtrooms nationwide. Our legal system traditionally links compensation for death directly to each victim’s financial standing — their lost earning power. 38. According to the author, what does the law use as the basis for setting compensation amounts for victims? A. The victim’s moral worth. B. The family’s emotional pain. C. The victim’s professional title. D. The victim’s earning ability. 【答案】38. D 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Our legal system traditionally links compensation for death directly to each victim’s financial standing — their lost earning power. (我们的法律体系传统上将死亡赔偿金直接与受害者的财务状况——即他们丧失的赚钱能力挂钩。)”可知，作者认为法律依据受害者的收入能力来确定其赔偿金额。故选D项。 2．间接信息题 （2026年宝山区一模） Product info: Comfy Cozy Wrap Around Blanket $36.99 By Comfy Cozy (4) 4 out of 5 stars 4120 customer reviews Stay warm this winter with the Comfy Cozy Wrap Around Blanket! It’s a blanket that wraps around you and stays comfortable with the magnetic enclosures. The blanket comes in different materials and colors. Choose the material you like based on how warm you’d like to be! 42. What do we know about this product? A. It is undesirable. B. It is made from recycled items. C. It is very popular. D. It is environmentally friendly. 【答案】 42. C 【42题详解】细节理解题。根据文中“(4) 4 out of 5 stars 4120 customer reviews(（4）4星中的5星 4120条顾客评价)”可知，这款产品的评分达到4.0分（满分5分），且拥有4120条顾客评价，足以说明它非常受欢迎。故选C。 3．数据计算题 （2025年奉贤一模） Subway tickets Type Adult Child** * unlimited travel for one day ** Applies to children under 16 years old. Children under five travel for free if accompanied by a fare paying adult. Single £1.80 £0.85 Return £3.40 £1.60 All day* £4.30 £2.15 42. A couple taking a 15-year-old and a newborn on a ONE-DAY trip in Glasgow can maximize their subway experience by paying ________. A. £6.45 B. £8.40 C. £10.75 D. £12.90 【答案】 42. C 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Subway tickets”下面的内容“All day*”行和“Adult”“Child**”列对应的“£4.30”“£2.15”，以及右侧说明“* unlimited travel for one day(*一天无限制出行)”“** Applies to children under 16 years old.(**适用于16岁以下的儿童。)”“Children under five travel for free if accompanied by a fare paying adult.(5岁以下儿 童可免费旅行由一名付费成人陪同。)”可知，一天无限制出行时，单个成人票价为4.30英镑，单个儿童票价为2.15英镑，儿童票价适用于16岁以下儿童，但5岁以下儿童由成人陪同时可免票，由此可知，一对夫妇带一个15岁的孩子和一个新生儿，选择一天无限制出行时，应付款：4.30×2+2.15=10.75英镑。故选C。 4．排序题 （2025·上海松江·二模） The following is an overview of the homeownership process： Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Step 6 Step 1: ... Step 2: ... Step 3: ... Step 4: ... Step 5: Homebuyers complete the paperwork for a mortgage, which ends with their signature. Step 6: Once all of the forms are signed and all of the construction is complete, it’s time to move in and celebrate! 3．What is the correct order of the four missing steps in the process? ① Local Habitat staff and volunteers carefully review each family’s application packet and present their recommendations to the local board of directors. ② There are information sessions where potential homeowners can learn about their homeownership program, ask questions and make connections. ③ Habitat staff make a home visit to hear more about a potential future homeowner’s desire to partner with Habitat. ④ If a family feels Habitat’s homeownership program is the right fit for them, they apply locally during an open application period. A．②④③① B．②①④③ C．①④③② D．①②④③ 【答案】3．A 3．细节理解题。根据图片可知首先应该是有信息发布会，让潜在购房者了解项目，所以②“有信息会议，潜在的房主可以了解他们的房屋所有权计划，提出问题并建立联系。”应为第一步；根据图片可知如果家庭觉得合适，就在开放申请期申请，所以④“如果一个家庭觉得Habitat的房屋所有权计划适合他们，他们可以在公开申请期间在当地申请。”应为第二步；根据图片可知接着Habitat工作人员会家访，所以③“Habitat的工作人员进行家访，以更多地了解潜在的未来房主与Habitat合作的愿望。”应是第三步；根据图片可知最后工作人员和志愿者审核申请并提交给董事会，所以①“当地Habitat的工作人员和志愿者仔细审查每个家庭的申请材料，并向当地董事会提交他们的建议。”应是第四步，故选A。 考向02 阅读理解词义猜测题（节选） 1．猜测单词词义 【上海市七宝中学2024-2025学年高三下学期5月英语试卷】 The nonprofit, whose mission is to support serving and retired police dogs nationwide, said the lost man was “confused, wet, and cold, and unable to get up” when the retired police dog came across him. “The man was a vulnerable missing person officers had been searching for without success,” the post read. The man was lying in a “dark and very cold” area before being led to safety by Bear. “RPD Bear, you’re a true hero, showing us that even in retirement, you can still save lives,” the organization wrote. “Happy Birthday, Bear!” 6．The word “vulnerable” in paragraph 2 most probably has the same meaning as “________”. A．content. B．weak. C．courageous. D．reliable. 【答案】 6．B 6．词义猜测题。根据第二段“The nonprofit, whose mission is to support serving and retired police dogs nationwide, said the lost man was “confused, wet, and cold, and unable to get up” when the retired police dog came across him. (这家非营利组织的使命是为全国现役及退役警犬提供支持。该组织称，当这只退役警犬发现那名失踪男子时，他‘神志不清、浑身湿透、冻得发抖，而且无法起身’)”可知，这些描述体现出该失踪男子的状况不佳，很虚弱，划线词vulnerable意为“虚弱的”，与weak意思一致。故选B。 2. 猜测短语意义 【2025届上海市七宝中学高三下学期5月测试英语试题】 But once we recognize the loop, we can rewrite it. Duhigg makes this science tangible(有形的) through vivid examples: how call centers train new employees to handle angry customers by rewiring their instinctive reactions into calm, solution-focused responses, or how Olympic swimmers like Michael Phelps use ritualized warm-ups to enter peak performance states. The same principle applies to everyday life. Small, deliberate adjustments—like exchanging social media for a short walk during breaks —can reprogram autopilot behaviors over time.    15．The term “autopilot behaviors” in paragraph 2 probably refers to __________. A．temporary impulsive reaction. B．mindless habitual action. C．conscious voluntary options. D．random instinctive responses. 【答案】15．B 15．词义猜测题。根据第一段“nearly half of what we do each day unfolds without conscious thought. That first sip of coffee in the morning, the way we instinctively reach for our phones during downtime, even the routes we take to work—all of these follow invisible scripts written by habit.(我们每天近一半的行为是在无意识的情况下进行的。早上的第一口咖啡，休息时本能地伸手去拿手机的动作，甚至上班的路线 —— 所有这些都遵循着习惯写下的无形脚本)” 以及第二段 “Small, deliberate adjustments—like exchanging social media for a short walk during breaks —can reprogram autopilot behaviors over time.(随着时间的推移，一些小的、有意识的调整 —— 比如在休息时间用散步代替刷社交媒体 —— 可以重新设定 autopilot behaviors)” 可知，重新设定的这些行 为是无意识的、习惯性的。故选B。 3. 猜测句子意思 （2026年青浦区一模） When I was seven, my father drove our old car to the edge of a cliff in California. The salt mist from the Pacific fogged the windshield. He pointed to the horizon and said, “This is where the world ends.” I believed him. The gray water seemed endless, blending sea and sky. Sea birds circled, their cries lost in the wind. I held the seat tightly, fearing the cliff would collapse. For weeks, I dreamt of falling, not a terrifying dive, but a gentle drift into the ocean’s embrace. 36. The underlined sentence in the first paragraph refers to a particular place where _________. A. people enjoy the circling sea birds B. the boy underwent a terrifying falling C. the sea and sky mix into one far away D. the father parked to let the boy feel the mist 【答案】36. C 词句猜测题。根据第一段中“He pointed to the horizon and said, “This is where the world ends.” I believed him. The gray water seemed endless, blending sea and sky.(他指向天际说：“This is where the world ends.”我信了他的话。灰色的海水望不到边，海天融为一体。)”可知，This is where the world ends指的是海和天在远处融为一体的地方。故选C。 4. 猜测代词指代意思 （2026年长宁区一模） Your brain, from early life to old age We’re born helpless and foolish. As we mature, experience and schooling teach us useful things, and we get woke. Then, year by year, we slip back into mental weakness. That’s the picture most of us have of intelligence. Unfortunately, it’s stupid. Research reveals that each period of cognitive (认知的) development offers learning strategies as well as balances between opposing strategies. It is that combination of “aha” (when expressing sudden insight)and “duh”(when showing evident stupidity in learning) that actually makes humans truly intelligent. It, in other words, shapes the way we learn, think, judge, find and solve problems. 40. The word “It” in paragraph 1 most probably refers to ________. A. humans’ ongoing brain science research B. the mix of intelligence and unintelligence C. the common understanding of intelligence D. humans’ ability to make sensible judgements 【答案】40. B 词句猜测题。根据第一段中的“That’s the picture most of us have of intelligence. Unfortunately, it’s stupid. Research reveals that each period of cognitive (认知的) development offers learning strategies as well as balances between opposing strategies. It is that combination of “aha” (when expressing sudden insight)and “duh”(when showing evident stupidity in learning) that actually makes humans truly intelligent.(这是我们大多数人对智力的看法。不幸的是，这很愚蠢。研究表明，每个认知发展阶段都提供了学习策略，以及相反策略之间的平衡。正是这种“啊哈”（表达突然的领悟时）和“呃”（在学习中表现出明显的愚蠢时）的结合，才真正使人类变得聪明。)”可知，前文提到大多数人对智力的看法是愚蠢的，接着说研究揭示了认知发展阶段的特点，而真正使人类聪明的是“啊哈”和“呃”的结合，也就是智力和看似愚蠢的这种混合，所以“It”指代的是“the mix of intelligence and unintelligence”。故选B项。 重难·创新演练 设题创新:可充电助听器的特点与优势;生态保护故事；中探讨了创新对企业的价值和潜在风险。 Passage 1 【新情境·可充电助听器的特点与优势】 Passage 1（【来源】上海市闵行六校2025-2026学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题） Advanced Rechargeable Digital Hearing Aid Technology Only $229！ The new Advanced HearClear HCR3 rechargeable hearing aid combines advanced technology with a low price to provide you with outstanding value. 5 star Reviews!☆☆☆☆☆ Outstanding Product! “This product is outstanding. Dad loves it, my mom loves it, and I am grateful! Don’t believe that you have to spend a lot of money to get a quality hearing aid” — Gilmore B． HCR3 Features! New Advanced Third Generation American Technology Easy ON/OFF Button Automatic Noise Reduction and Feedback Cancellation 100% Money Back Guarantee Even Better In Pairs! Your brain is designed to use both ears working together. In fact, studies show that you may be able to hear up to 3 times better in noisy situations when using two hearing aids. Buy a pair for the best results and maximum savings! Simple. Affordable. Rechargeable Digital Hearing Aid-For Only $229! The new HearClear HCR3 Rechargeable Digital Hearing Aids features advanced third generation digital technology at an unbelievably affordable Price! The HCR3 is packed with the same key technologies that all high end digital hearing aids share while leaving out the extra bells and whistles that increase cost and require expensive adjustments. This helps you hear better, while saving you lot of money. Your new HearClear HCR3 hearing aids work at a fraction of the cost of name-brand hearing aids, and you won’t have to keep changing the batteries! You will love the comfortable and lightweight Open-fit design. The HCR3 is pre-programmed for most moderate to significant hearing losses, so you won’t need professional appointments to make costly adjustments. It is shipped directly to you and will help you hear better right out of the box! You can spend thousands for an expensive hearing aid, or you can spend just $249 for hearing aid that is great for most hearing losses (only S229 each when you buy a pair). We are so sure you will love your hearing aids that we offer a 100% Money Back Guarantee--Risk Free if you are not satisfied for any reason. 1．One reason why buying a pair of hearing aids is recommended is that A．the HCR3 guarantees 100% refund if bought in pairs B．it will save consumers up to $20 for a pair of hearing aids C．humans are pre-programmed to better hear with two ears D．people can hear triple better in various situation with two hearing aids 2．How much will you pay if you want to buy a pair of HCR3 hearing aids? A．$229. B．$249. C．$ 458. D．$498. 3．Which of the following features can be added to the section “HCR3 Features”? ① Built-in programs for different listening situations. ②Easy access to changing batteries ③Digital sound processing chip. ④ Simple adjustments without professional help. A．①③ B．①③④ C．②③④ D．①②③ 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了Advanced HearClear HCR3可充电助听器的特点与优势，如低价格、先进技术、自动降噪、配对效果更佳等，并强调其性价比高、无需频繁更换电池，是中低收入群体的理想选择。 1．细节理解题。根据Even Better In Pairs!部分中“Your brain is designed to use both ears working together. In fact, studies show that you may be able to hear up to 3 times better in noisy situations when using two hearing aids. (你的大脑被设计成使用双耳协同工作。事实上，研究表明，在嘈杂的环境中使用两个助听器，你的听力可能会提高三倍。)”可知，推荐购买一对助听器的原因是，人类大脑天生更适合双耳协同工作来提高听力效果。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据Even Better In Pairs!部分中“Simple. Affordable. Rechargeable Digital Hearing Aid-For Only $229! (简单、实惠、可充电的数字助听器——仅售229美元！)”以及后文“only $229 each when you buy a pair (购买一对时每只仅售229美元)”。由此可知，购买一对助听器的总价为229美元×2=458美元。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“The HCR3 is pre-programmed for most moderate to significant hearing losses (HCR3已针对大多数中度至重度听力损失进行了预编程)”可知，针对不同听力场景的内置程序，①“Built-in programs for different listening situations (针对不同听力场景的内置程序)”符合特性描述；根据倒数第三段中“The new HearClear HCR3 Rechargeable Digital Hearing Aids features advanced third generation digital technology at an unbelievably affordable Pride! (新款 HearClear HCR3 可充电式数字助听器采用了先进的第三代数字技术，而且价格极其实惠，令人难以置信！)”可知，该助听器采用了先进的第三代数字技术，因此③“Digital sound processing chip (数字声音处理芯片)”是第三代技术的核心组成部分，符合题意；根据倒数第二段中“The HCR3 is pre-programmed for most moderate to significant hearing losses, so you won’t need professional appointments to make costly adjustments. (HCR3 产品已预先针对大多数中度至重度听力损失进行了设置，因此您无需预约专业人员进行昂贵的调整操作。)”可知，HCR3 产品无需预约专业人员进行昂贵的调整操作，④“Simple adjustments without professional help (无需专业帮助即可简单调整)”符合特性描述；根据倒数第二段中“Your new HearClear HCR3 hearing aids work at a fraction of the cost of name-brand hearing aids, and you won’t have to keep changing the batteries! (您的新 HearClear HCR3 耳机的使用成本仅为知名品牌助听器的极小一部分，而且您无需再频繁更换电池！)”可知，该设备无需频繁地更换电池；②“Easy access to changing batteries (方便更换电池的操作方式)”与原文信息不符。B选项“①③④”符合题意，故选B项。 Passage 2 【新情境·橡树苗的拯救故事】 【来源】上海市宝山区上海大学附属中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中英语考试卷） Almost half a million young oak (橡树) trees have been saved after The Times revealed they were due to be destroyed because of delays in government help to create more woodland. A tree nursery said in March that it had been unable to find buyers for the one and two-year-old seedlings of England’s national tree. Maelor Forest Nurseries near Wrexham spent two years looking after 500,000 seedlings, expecting a great increase in demand after government promises to increase tree planting. Demand failed to materialize and the company said it planned to destroy the trees, partly blaming difficulties land owners faced in obtaining subsidies to fund the work. After The Times reported on the plan, dozens of charities, community groups and individuals all over the country got in touch with Maelor to ask if they could help. “The nursery discounted the price per tree from 35 — 40 pence to 20 pence and sold nearly all of the 500,000 it had been planning to destroy. Thanks largely to the article in The Times only a small percentage had to be destroyed,” said Mike Harvey, Maelor’s managing director. “We are delighted that these oak saplings (幼树) have found good homes. We were frustrated at the prospect of having to destroy plants which we had spent two years growing only to find they were being left without a future for reasons beyond our control.” Mr Harvey said the largest order, for 30,000 oaks, had come from Extinction Rebellion Rewilding, an offshoot of the climate change campaign group. It launched a campaign called Save the Oaks which raised £10,000 through a crowdfunding appeal to purchase and plant trees that had been due to be destroyed. Jethro Gauld, one of the organisers of the planting in Cambridgeshire, said, “We wanted to do something to prevent such a massive waste of saplings and help create a good news story to benefit local people and wildlife. ” Natasha Somers, a volunteer for Save the Oaks, said, “The support we’ve seen shows how a community can come together in difficult times. It’s clear that people want to act for a better future, one where humanity and nature are connected.” 1．The underlined word ‘subsidies’ is closest in meaning to ‘________’. A．equipment B．technical support C．confidence D．financial aid 2．What had Maelor Forest Nurseries planned to do before The Times reported on their plan? A．To reduce the price of the seedlings. B．To ruin the trees it had taken care of. C．To wait for government help to arrive. D．To count the number of oak trees in Britain. 3．What happened to the 500,000 saplings at last? A．Most of them were sold out. B．Most of them were thrown away. C．They were replanted to Cambridgeshire. D．They were donated to a campaign group. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．A prospective approach to planting. B．A nationwide effort to save oak trees. C．A tree nursery devoted to preserving endangered trees. D．A species of trees that are threatened with extinction. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．B 【导语】这是一篇新闻稿。文章讲述通过《泰晤士报》报道，全国各组织一起努力拯救了50万棵橡树苗的故事。 1．词句猜测题。由文章第四段“Demand failed to materialize and the company said it planned to destroy the trees, partly blaming difficulties land owners faced in obtaining subsidies to fund the work.(需求未能实现，该公司表示计划摧毁这些树木，部分原因是土地所有者在获得 来资助这项工作方面面临困难)”中fund the work可推知，这里指获得“资金帮助”来资助这项工作，所以猜测subsidies表“资金帮助”的意思。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。由文章第四段“Demand failed to materialize and the company said it planned to destroy the trees, partly blaming difficulties land owners faced in obtaining subsidies to fund the work.(需求未能实现，该公司表示计划摧毁这些树木，部分原因是土地所有者在获得资助方面面临困难)”可知，在《泰晤士报》报道他们的计划之前，Maelor森林苗圃计划毁掉它照顾过的树木。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。由文章第六段““The nursery discounted the price per tree from 35 — 40 pence to 20 pence and sold nearly all of the 500,000 it had been planning to destroy. Thanks largely to the article in The Times only a small percentage had to be destroyed,” said Mike Harvey, Maelor’s managing director.(“苗圃将每棵树的价格从35-40便士降至20便士，并几乎卖掉了它计划摧毁的50万棵树。这在很大程度上要归功于《泰晤士报》的文章，只有一小部分被销毁。”Maelor的董事总经理迈克·哈维（Mike Harvey）说)”可知，50万棵树苗中的大部分都卖完了。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。由文章第一段“Almost half a million young oak (橡树) trees have been saved after The Times revealed they were due to be destroyed because of delays in government help to create more woodland.(《泰晤士报》透露，由于政府在帮助创造更多林地方面的延误，近50万棵年轻的橡树将被摧毁，此后这些橡树得以幸存)”、第五段“After The Times reported on the plan, dozens of charities, community groups and individuals all over the country got in touch with Maelor to ask if they could help.(在《泰晤士报》报道了该计划后，全国各地的数十家慈善机构、社区团体和个人与Maelor联系，询问他们是否可以提供帮助)”以及上下文可知，文章主要讲通过《泰晤士报》报道，全国各组织一起努力拯救了50万棵橡树苗的故事。所以B项A nationwide effort to save oak trees.(全国范围内拯救橡树的努力)符合语境。故选B项。 Passage 3 【新情境·探讨创新对企业的价值和潜在风险】 【来源】上海复旦大学附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期辅导练习10英语试卷 Business innovation is an organization’s process for introducing new ideas, workflows methodologies, services or products. Like IT innovation, which calls for using technology in new ways to create a more efficient and agile organization, business innovation should enable the achievement of goals across the entire organization, with sights set on accomplishing core business aims and initiatives. Innovation often begins with idea generation, whereas ideas are narrowed down during brainstorming sessions, after which leaders consider the business viability, feasibility and desirability of each idea. Business innovation should improve one existing products, services or processes; or it should solve a problem; or it should reach new customers. Recent examples of business innovation include the introduction of the Dyson vacuum cleaner, whose creator and namesake James Dyson declared in advertisements that he set out to build a better product by applying industrial cyclone technologies to the household appliance. The purpose of the business innovation process is to create value for the organization. That value can come from creating new revenue opportunities or driving more revenue through existing channels: from creating efficiencies that save time, money or both; or from improvements to productivity or performance. In short, innovation should lead to higher profits. Additionally, the results of an organization’s innovation process should yield a competitive advantage: it should help the organization to grow and reach — or, better still, exceed — strategic objectives. Innovation and invention are closely linked, but the two terms are hardly interchangeable. An invention is an entirely new creation. The process of business innovation can produce an invention, but the term is broader in scope and includes the application of an existing concept or practice in a new way, or applying new technology to an existing product or process to improve upon it. To better understand the difference, consider this: The telephone is an invention, but the smartphone is an innovation. Business innovation can also be classified as either revolutionary or evolutionary. Revolutionary business innovation yields a drastic change in a product, service, process, etc. which often destroys or supplants an existing business model. This is also known as radical innovation. Evolutionary or incremental innovation involves smaller, more continuous improvements that, while important, are not drastic enough to shift a company or market into a new paradigm. Disruptive innovation is a category that emphasizes the destructive aspect of revolutionary innovation: this term applies to business innovation that leads to the creation of a new market that displaces an existing one or, similarly, a significant upheaval in a category of products or services. Business innovation, like most business initiatives, has both benefits and risks. Organizations should recognize on the negative side that the business innovation process can be a costly undertaking that does not always produce a return on investment (ROI); that ideas considered likely to succeed could still fail; and that stakeholders could fight the changes required to be successful. On the other hand, organizations need to weigh those risks against the benefits of business innovation. 1．What is the fundamental purpose of business innovation? A．To generate a vast number of creative ideas through brainstorming. B．To make more profits by replacing existing business models. C．To facilitate the invention of entirely new products and services. D．To enhance the company’s overall value and competitive position. 2．According to the passage, which of the following options is an example of innovation? A．The development of a ride-hailing APP. B．The discovery of penicillin. C．The creation of the first electric light bulb. D．The scientific formulation of the theory of General Relativity. 3．Based on the passage, which of the following statements is true? A．Revolutionary innovation is risky while evolutionary innovation is safe. B．Disruptive innovation is a separate category contrary to revolutionary innovation. C．Evolutionary innovation focuses on the creation of new products. D．The difference between revolutionary and evolutionary innovation lies in the scale of impact. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards business innovation? A．Critically skeptical. B．Guardedly optimistic. C．Unreservedly enthusiastic. D．Academically detached. 1．D 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】文章主要介绍的是商业创新的概念、过程及其与发明的区别，同时探讨了创新对企业的价值和潜在风险。 【详解】1．细节理解题。第二段中“The purpose of the business innovation process is to create value for the organization. That value can come from creating new revenue opportunities or driving more revenue through existing channels: from creating efficiencies that save time, money or both; or from improvements to productivity or performance. (商业创新过程的目的是为组织创造价值。这一价值可能来自创造新的收入机会，或通过现有渠道增加收入：例如通过提高效率来节省时间、成本或两者兼得，或提升生产力和绩效。简而言之，创新应带来更高的利润。)”明确指出商业创新的目的是为组织创造价值，最终要带来更高利润，还能产生竞争优势、助力企业达成甚至超越战略目标，对应D选项“提升公司的整体价值和竞争地位”。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“The process of business innovation can produce an invention, but the term is broader in scope and includes the application of an existing concept or practice in a new way, or applying new technology to an existing product or process to improve upon it. (商业创新的过程可以产生发明，但“创新”这一术语范围更广，包括以新方式应用现有概念或实践，或将新技术应用于现有产品或流程以加以改进。)”可知，创新的范围更广，包含把已有概念/技术以新方式应用、改进现有事物的行为，还举例电话是发明，智能手机是创新。网约车APP是将已有移动互联网技术和传统打车需求结合的新应用模式，属于创新。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Revolutionary business innovation yields a drastic change in a product, service, process, etc. which often destroys or supplants an existing business model. This is also known as radical innovation. Evolutionary or incremental innovation involves smaller, more continuous improvements that, while important, are not drastic enough to shift a company or market into a new paradigm. (革命性商业创新会带来产品、服务或流程等方面的巨大变革，往往摧毁或取代现有的商业模式，这种创新也被称为激进创新。而渐进式或进化型创新则涉及较小且持续的改进，虽然重要，但不足以推动企业或市场进入新的范式。)”可知，革命性创新会带来剧烈的颠覆性变化，而渐进式创新是小规模、持续性的小幅改进，二者的核心差异就是影响的程度和规模。 4．推理判断题。作者在文末“Business innovation, like most business initiatives, has both benefits and risks. Organizations should recognize on the negative side that the business innovation process can be a costly undertaking that does not always produce a return on investment (ROI); that ideas considered likely to succeed could still fail; and that stakeholders could fight the changes required to be successful. On the other hand, organizations need to weigh those risks against the benefits of business innovation. (与大多数商业举措一样，商业创新既包含益处也存在风险。企业应认识到，商业创新过程可能成本高昂，未必能带来投资回报（ROI）；那些被认为有望成功的想法仍可能失败；利益相关方也可能抵制为实现成功所必需的变革。另一方面，企业需要权衡这些风险与商业创新所带来的收益。)”客观指出商业创新存在成本高、可能投资失败、遭遇利益相关者抵触的风险，同时也提醒企业要权衡风险、看到创新的价值，态度是谨慎但整体认可其价值的，对应“审慎乐观”。 名校真题·实战演练 Passage 1 【来源】上海市同济中学2024-2025学年第二学期4月高三年级模拟质量调研英语学科试卷 The Quiet Disappearance of the World’s Dialects Every two weeks, the last speaker of a language dies, taking with them a unique way of understanding the world. While global attention often focuses on the extinction of plant and animal species, the parallel loss of linguistic diversity receives comparatively little notice. Yet by UNESCO’s count, more than 40% of the world’s approximately 7,000 languages are currently at risk of disappearing by the end of this century. The primary driver of this linguistic erosion is urbanization. As rural populations migrate to cities in search of economic opportunity, they often abandon regional dialects in favor of dominant urban languages. A farmer who moves from a village in Yunnan province to Kunming, for example, may switch from speaking a local Yi dialect to standard Mandarin within a single generation. Their children, born in the city, may never learn the ancestral language at all. The loss is not merely linguistic but cultural and scientific. Each language encodes specialized knowledge about local ecosystems, medicinal plants, and sustainable resource management that has been accumulated over thousands of years. When the last speaker of the Kallawaya language in Bolivia dies, for instance, centuries of knowledge about Andean medicinal plants — knowledge used by healer-priests for generations — will vanish with them. However, some communities are fighting back with remarkable creativity. In New Zealand, the Maori language was once predicted to disappear, but a comprehensive revitalization effort involving “language nests” — preschools where elders speak exclusively Maori to children — has brought the language back from the brink. In Hawaii, similar immersion programs have increased the number of fluent Hawaiian speakers from fewer than 50 in the 1980s to over 18,000 today. Digital technology is also playing a role: smartphone apps now allow speakers of endangered languages to record vocabulary and grammar, creating living digital archives that can be passed to future generations. Dr. K. David Harrison, a linguist who has spent decades documenting endangered languages, remains cautiously optimistic. “Language loss is not inevitable,” he observes. “We have seen that when communities decide their language matters and are given the resources to preserve it, reversal is possible. The question is whether we as a global society value linguistic diversity enough to invest in its survival.” 1．According to the passage, what is the main cause of dialect disappearance? A．The rise of digital communication and social media. B．Urbanization and migration to cities. C．Government policies that ban regional languages. D．The natural evolution of all human languages over time. 2．Why does the author mention the Kallawaya language in paragraph 3? A．To illustrate that language loss also means the loss of specialized cultural knowledge. B．To argue that Bolivia has the highest rate of language extinction. C．To demonstrate that ancient languages are more complex than modern ones. D．To suggest that only South American languages are truly endangered. 3．What can be inferred about the Maori and Hawaiian language revitalization efforts? A．They have been largely unsuccessful despite significant funding. B．They rely primarily on government legislation rather than community action. C．They demonstrate that language loss can be reversed with sustained effort. D．They prove that digital technology is the only effective preservation method. 4．What is Dr. Harrison’s attitude toward the future of endangered languages? A．Deeply pessimistic and resigned to widespread language loss. B．Cautiously hopeful if communities and society invest in preservation. C．Completely confident that all endangered languages can be saved. D．Indifferent, viewing language loss as a natural historical process. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】文章主要说明了城市化导致大量方言濒危，语言消亡会丢失生态医药等古老知识。多地通过沉浸式教学、数字存档复兴语言，语言学家认为投入保护就能扭转消亡趋势。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第二段“The primary driver of this linguistic erosion is urbanization. As rural populations migrate to cities in search of economic opportunity, they often abandon regional dialects in favor of dominant urban languages.(这种语言消亡的主要原因是城市化。随着农村人口为寻求经济机会而迁往城市，他们往往放弃地方方言，转而使用占主导地位的城市语言)”可知，方言消失的主要原因是城市化和向城市迁移。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“The loss is not merely linguistic but cultural and scientific.(损失不仅体现在语言上，更在于文化和科学层面)”可知，作者在第三段中提到卡拉瓦亚语为了说明语言的消亡也意味着专门文化知识的丧失。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“In New Zealand, the Maori language was once predicted to disappear, but a comprehensive revitalization effort involving “language nests” — preschools where elders speak exclusively Maori to children — has brought the language back from the brink. In Hawaii, similar immersion programs have increased the number of fluent Hawaiian speakers from fewer than 50 in the 1980s to over 18,000 today.(在新西兰，毛利语曾一度面临消失的危机，但通过建立“语言巢”（即由长者专门用毛利语与儿童交流的学前机构）等全面复兴措施，该语言已从濒临绝灭的边缘重新回归。在夏威夷，类似的沉浸式教育项目使流利掌握夏威夷语的人数从20世纪80年代的不足50人，增长到如今的超过1.8万人)”可知，毛利语和夏威夷语的复兴努力表明，通过持续的努力，语言流失是可以逆转的。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Dr. K. David Harrison, a linguist who has spent decades documenting endangered languages, remains cautiously optimistic. “Language loss is not inevitable,” he observes. “We have seen that when communities decide their language matters and are given the resources to preserve it, reversal is possible. The question is whether we as a global society value linguistic diversity enough to invest in its survival.”(语言学家K. 大卫·哈里森博士数十年来一直致力于记录濒危语言，他仍然持谨慎乐观的态度。“语言的消亡并非不可避免，”他指出，“我们已经看到，当一个社区意识到自己的语言重要，并获得资源来保护它时，逆转是可能的。问题在于，作为全球社会，我们是否足够重视语言多样性，从而投入资金去保障其存续。”)”可知，倘若社区与社会各界投入资源开展保护工作，前景尚可谨慎乐观。 Passage 2 【来源】上海交通大学附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期10月月考英语试题 A few years ago I went shopping with Alex for a new motorcycle. He didn’t have a particular model in mind. His only two criteria? A big engine, since too much horsepower is never enough, and since he’s tall, a relaxed riding position. I suggested a Hayabusa. Giggle-inducing power, comfortable bike. Or an XS-14R. Both were within his budget, especially the Hayabusa since the dealer was offering a $ 2,500 discount on a previous year’s model. He rode them both. Loved them both. Then he became fixated on a ZX-6R KRT. Great bike, sure. But a much smaller motor. And a riding position that made him look like a contorted praying mantis (螳螂). Seemed odd. Until it hit me. The purchase of any bike 750cc and under came with a free helmet. A 2017 study published in Marketing Science found that people tend to significantly overvalue “free”. When faced with a choice of selecting one of several available products or possibly buying nothing, people will choose the option with the highest cost-benefit difference. However, decisions about free (zero price) products differ, in that people do not simply subtract costs from benefits but instead perceive the benefits associated with free products as higher. Since my friend also wanted a new helmet, getting one for free was extremely — even irrationally — inviting. After all, the math didn’t work. We eventually negotiated $ 3,200 off the price of the Hayabusa, a price so good that I was tempted to buy it. The free helmet was only worth $ 250. So why would such a smart guy be so easily swayed? As the researchers write: A free product involves benefits and no costs, while a better product for any positive price involves both benefits and costs — it is possible that options that have only benefits create more positive effects compared with options that involve both benefits and costs. In short, free results in instinctive mental shortcuts. Zero is zero; what math do you need to do? Free doesn’t seem to require a cost / benefit analysis; what are the downsides of free? Free seemingly makes an otherwise thoughtful decision simple: “Sure, that might be a good deal but this is free!” Two months later my friend traded in his 6R for a 14R. The previous-year Hayabusa was long gone. But don’t think badly of him. We’ve all been blinded by the power of free. Free shipping on products for a cost that exceeds those savings. Free samples that make us feel the need to reciprocate (回报) the provider’s “generosity” by making a purchase. Free quotes that make us enter a sales funnel we struggle to escape. Whenever something is free, stop and consider the intent, and see “free” as a reason to do even more math. See “free” as a reason to go one step further in evaluating costs and benefits. 5．Why did Alex buy a ZX-6R KRT? A．Because he didn’t excel at math, calculation in particular. B．Because its price was brought down so he could afford it. C．Because he did some research before making the decision. D．Because he thought the motorbike with a giveaway was a good bargain. 6．How does zero-price effect cause smart people to make bad decisions? A．People choose the option with the greatest difference between benefit and cost. B．“Free” is so tempting that we stop being logical and thus end up with a bad deal. C．“Free” means there is no need to negotiate for a big discount on a product or service. D．If a product or service is priced zero, we don’t have to worry about its value. 7．What is NOT a typical example of giving in to this zero-price effect? A．Alice ended up buying a book she didn’t plan to read just to avail the free shipping offer. B．Johnson bought socks of unknown quality because they had a “buy one get one free” offer. C．Joe’s cost / benefit analysis didn’t cloud his judgement or blind him to price calculation faults. D．Teddy appreciated the shop assistant’s generosity and settled for anything but a best deal. 8．What might be the best title of the passage? A．The Worst Deal Ever Made B．When “Free” is Actually the Best Deal C．Paying Too Much When Paying Nothing D．Forget Doing the Math When Shopping 【答案】5．D 6．B 7．C 8．C 【导语】短文借朋友选购摩托车的亲身经历，剖析零价效应如何使人因“免费”做出不理性消费。 【详解】5．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But a much smaller motor. And a riding position that made him look like a contorted praying mantis (螳螂). Seemed odd. Until it hit me. The purchase of any bike 750cc and under came with a free helmet.(但这款车发动机小很多，骑行姿势别扭得像蜷缩的螳螂，十分反常。后来我恍然大悟：排量750cc及以下的摩托车购车赠送头盔)”以及第五段中的“Since my friend also wanted a new helmet, getting one for free was extremely-even irrationally-inviting.(我的朋友刚好也需要新头盔，免费头盔的吸引力强到让他失去理性)”可知，Alex认为附赠头盔的这款车很划算，因此选择它。 6．推理判断题。根据第八段“In short, free results in instinctive mental shortcuts. Zero is zero; what math do you need to do? Free doesn’t seem to require a cost / benefit analysis; what are the downsides of free?( 简而言之，“免费”会让人下意识走思维捷径。零成本就是零，哪里还需要精打细算？面对免费事物，人们似乎不会权衡利弊；免费背后又暗藏哪些弊端呢？)以及第九段“Free seemingly makes an otherwise thoughtful decision simple: “Sure, that might be a good deal but this is free!(“免费”会简化思考：那款车或许划算，但这款有赠品免费拿！)”可知，免费的诱惑会让人丧失逻辑判断，做出吃亏的选择。 7．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“But don’t think badly of him. We’ve all been blinded by the power of free. Free shipping on products for a cost that exceeds those savings. Free samples that make us feel the need to reciprocate (回报) the provider’s “generosity” by making a purchase. Free quotes that make us enter a sales funnel we struggle to escape.(但不必苛责他，所有人都会被“免费”蒙蔽：为免运费买下总价远超优惠的商品、试吃赠品后为回馈商家而消费、免费报价诱导我们陷入难以脱身的销售套路)”可知，屈服零价效应指被免费福利干扰理性判断。C选项“乔的成本收益分析没有蒙蔽他的判断，也没有让他忽视价格计算错误”是没有被零价格效应影响的表现，不符合题干要求。 8．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第六段中的“The free helmet was only worth $ 250. So why would such a smart guy be so easily swayed?(免费头盔仅价值250美元，为何聪明人轻易被打动？)”与尾段“Whenever something is free, stop and consider the intent, and see “free” as a reason to do even more math.(遇到免费福利一定要停下来权衡，把免费当作仔细核算利弊的警示)”可知文章主要讲看似不花钱拿赠品，实则付出更高成本。所以C选项“免费之下，代价不菲”为最佳标题。 Passage 3 （2021年6月上海高考） A Swedish Professor at Natural History came out to the farm to ask me for help. He had come to Africa to find out at what stage of the embryo( 胎) state the foot of the monkeys begins to differ from the human foot. For this purpose he meant to go and shoot Colobus monkeys on Mount Elgon. “You will never find out from the Colobus monkeys,"I said to him, "they live in the tops of the trees and are shy and difficult to shoot. It would be the greatest luck should you get the embryo you want.” The Professor was hopeful. He was going to stay out till he had got his foot, he said, even if it was before years. He had applied to the Game Department for permission to shoot the monkeys he wanted. The permission he was, in view of the high scientific object of his research, certain to get, but so far, he had had no reply. ““How many monkeys have you asked to be allowed to shoot?” I asked him. He told me that he had, to begin with, asked for permission to shoot fifteen hundred monkeys. Now I knew the people at the Game Department, and I assisted him to send in a second letter asking for a reply by return of post, since the Professor was keen to get off on his research. The answer from the Game Department did, for once, come by return of post. The Game Department,they wrote. were pleased to inform Professor Land-green that, in view of the scientific object of his research. they had seen their way to make an exception from the rules, and to raise the number of monkeys on his license from four to six. I had to read the letter over twice to the Professor. When the contents at last were clear to him, he became so deadly shocked and hurt, that he did not say a single word. To my expressions of sympathy he mad no reply, but walked out of the house, got into his car an drove away sadly. 9. By “it would be the greatest luck should you get the embryo you want”, the author implies that_____________. A. it was no easy job to get Colobus monkeys B. there were very few Colobus monkeys in Africa C. he wished the Professor good luck in doing the research D. the Professor was sure to obtain the embryo despite the difficulties 10.What can be learned about the Game Department from the passage? A. It funded the Professor's scientific research. B. It allowed the Professor to shoot only six monkeys C. It was set up to help researchers to find wild animals D.It made rules about where to shoot Colobus monkeys 11. Why did the Professor say nothing after the author read the letter to him? A.The Professor found his research was meaningless. B.The Professor realized his cruelty in shooting monkeys. C.The Professor couldn't carry out his research as expected D.The Professor felt sorry for bringing trouble to the author 12. Which of the following is covered in the passage? A.The scarcity of Colobus monkeys. B.The change of the Professor's mood C. The origin of the Game Department. D. The significance of animal protection. 【答案】9.A 10. B 11. C 12. B 【解析】 9.A [解析]“It would be the greatest luck should you get the embryo you want”的思是“如果你想得到它的胚胎，那将是极大的运气”，根据第三段的“The Professor was hopeful, he was going to stay out till he had got his foot, he said, even if it was to be for years.(教授满怀希望，他打算一直等到猴子的足迹，即使这会耗费数年的时间)”可以推知得到流猴极其困难，A(要得到流猴可不是件容易的事)正确;B(非洲的犹猴很少)、C(他祝教授在研究中好运)、D(尽管困难重重，教授还是有把握获得胚胎) 都说法错误，故选 A。 10.B [解析]根据倒数第二段的 The answer from the Game Department did,for once.come by return of post. The Game Department, they wrote, were pleased to inform Professor Landgreen that, in view of the scientific object of his expedition, they had seen their way to make an exception from their rules, and to raise the number of monkeys on his license from four to six可知游猎局确实通过邮寄方式进行了回复信中写道他们很开心地通知教授，由于他的科学目的，他们决定为他违反自己的规定，并决定将允许猎杀的流猴数量从 4 只上升到6 只。A(它资助了教授的科学研究)、C(它的建立是为了帮助研究人员找到野生动物)、D(它规定了射杀疵猴的地点) 说法错误，B(它只允许教授射杀六只猴子) 正确，故选 B。 11.C [解析]根据最后一段的内容可知作者把信读了两次。当教授最终对内容很清晰了后，他变得很沮丧，感觉受到了致命的打击和伤害，他一句话也没说。作者安慰他他也没说话，他走出房子，进了自己的车伤心地开车走了。说明教授医为无法完成自己想做的研究而感到难过。A(教授发现他的研究毫无意义)、B(教授意识到他射杀猴子的残忍)、D(教授为给作者带来麻烦感到抱歉) 都说法错误，C(教授不能按照预期进行他的研究) 正确，故选 C。 12. B [解析]根据第三段的“The Professor was hopeful(教授满怀希望)”以及最后一段的“To my expressions of condolence he made no reply, but walked out of the house,got into his car and drove away sadly (我安慰他他也没说话，他走出房子，进了自己的车伤心地开车走了)”可知文章描述了教授的情绪变化。A(犹猴的稀缺)、C(游猎局的起源)、D(动物保护的意义)都说法错误，B(教授情绪的变化) 20 / 20网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $