内容正文:
Unit 1 Know yourself 重点单词、短语用法讲练
目录
· 单元重难点单词,短语用法讲解
将单词、短语分层列出,突出重点词汇,便于记忆。
详细讲解重点单词和短语的用法,把握单词、短语的考点、便于全面掌握。
· 单元单词,短语用法练习
通过以下练习,在具体的语境中巩固单词,短语的用法,加深对单词、短语记忆和理解。
单元重难点单词,短语用法讲解
一、单元单词、短语分层列举
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1. 必须掌握的重点单词、短语。
energetic /ˌenəˈdʒetɪk/ adj. 精力充沛的
order /ˈɔ:də(r)/ n. 条理;顺序
explain /ɪkˈspleɪn/ vt. & vi. 解释
careless /ˈkeələs/ adj. 粗心的
neither /ˈnaɪðə(r)/ adv. 也不 det. & pron. 两者都不
nor /nɔ:(r)/ conj. & adv. 也不
suppose /səˈpəʊz/ vt. & vi. 认为,推断;假设
social /ˈsəʊʃl/ adj. 好交际的;社交的
imagination /ɪˌmædʒɪˈneɪʃn/ n. 想象力
manager /ˈmænɪdʒə(r)/ n. 经理
suit /su:t/ vt. 适合
railway /ˈreɪlweɪ/ n. 铁路;铁路系统
mention /ˈmenʃn/ vt. 提到,说到,写到
standard /ˈstændəd/ n. 标准
passenger /ˈpæsɪndʒə(r)/ n. 乘客
winner /ˈwɪnə(r)/ n. 获胜者
opposite /ˈɒpəzɪt/ n. 对立的人(或事物)
kindness /ˈkaɪndnəs/ n. 善良
son /sʌn/ n. 儿子
remain /rɪˈmeɪn/ linking v. 保持不变,仍然是
confident /ˈkɒnfɪdənt/ adj. 自信的
likely /ˈlaɪkli/ adv. 可能 adj. 可能的
negative /ˈneɡətɪv/ adj. 消极的;否定的
study /ˈstʌdi/ n. (pl. studies) 研究;学业
point /pɔɪnt/ vt. & vi. 指向,指引
challenge /ˈtʃælɪndʒ/ n. 挑战
succeed /səkˈsi:d/ vi. 成功
president /ˈprezɪdənt/ n. 主席;院长;董事长
position /pəˈzɪʃn/ n. 职位;位置
cooperate /kəʊˈɒpəreɪt/ vi. 合作
voice /vɔɪs/ vt. 表达
consider /kənˈsɪdə(r)/ vt. & vi. 仔细考虑
keep ... in (good) order 保持整齐
come up with 想出,找到(答案)
neither ... nor ... 既不…也不…
either ... or ... 要么…要么…,不是…就是…
at all times 总是,随时,永远
let sb down 使失望
pass sth on (to sb) 传递给(某人)
point out 指出
pay off 成功,奏效
2. 熟悉、了解即可的单词、短语。
organized /ˈɔ:ɡənaɪzd/ adj. 有条理的
accountant /əˈkaʊntənt/ n. 会计
impress /ɪmˈpres/ vt. & vi. 使留下深刻印象
tough /tʌf/ adj. 艰难的
personality /ˌpɜ:səˈnæləti/ n. 性格,个性
outgoing /ˌaʊtˈɡəʊɪŋ/ adj. 外向的,友好的
二、重点单词、短语用法讲解
1、energetic
词义:energetic作形容词,意为"精力充沛的;充满活力的"。
例句:The energetic young man works hard every day.(那个充满活力的年轻人每天都努力工作。)
短语、搭配:be energetic in doing sth.(做某事充满精力)
例句:He is energetic in playing sports.(他做运动时精力充沛。)
词形变化:energy n. 精力;能量
energetically adv. 精力充沛地
2、order
词义:① order作名词,意为"顺序;次序"、"命令;指令"、"订单;点餐"。
例句:Please put the books in order.(请把书按顺序放好。)
例句:The soldier followed the officer's order.(士兵服从了军官的命令。)
例句:I'd like to place an order for two hamburgers.(我想点两个汉堡。)
② order作动词,意为"命令;订购;点(菜)"。
例句:The teacher ordered us to be quiet.(老师命令我们安静下来。)
例句:We ordered some food online.(我们在网上订了一些食物。)
短语、搭配:① in order(按顺序;整齐) ② out of order(出故障;不整齐)
例句:The machine is out of order.(这台机器出故障了。)
③keep ... in (good) order(使……保持整齐/井然有序)
例句:Our teacher asked us to keep our desks in good order.(老师要求我们把课桌保持整齐。)
④ in order to do sth.(为了做某事)
例句:He got up early in order to catch the first bus.(他早起是为了赶上第一班公交车。)
⑤ order sb. to do sth.(命令某人做某事)
例句:The coach ordered the players to run faster.(教练命令队员们跑得更快。)
例句:It's important to keep the books in order on the shelf.(把书架上的书保持整齐很重要。)
3、explain
词义:explain作动词,意为"解释;说明"。
例句:The teacher explained the rules clearly.(老师清楚地解释了规则。)
短语、搭配:explain sth. to sb.(向某人解释某事)
例句:Please explain your plan to us.(请把你的计划解释给我们听。)
词形变化:explanation n. 解释;说明
4、careless
词义:careless作形容词,意为"粗心的;不小心的"。
例句:I made a careless mistake in the exam.(我在考试中犯了一个粗心的错误。)
短语、搭配:①be careless with sth.(对某事粗心)
例句:He is careless with his money.(他对钱很粗心。)
②be careless to do sth.(做某事很粗心)
例句:It was careless of you to leave your phone on the bus.(你把手机落在公交车上真是太粗心了。)
词形变化: care n./v. 关心;在意
carelessly adv. 粗心地
carelessness n. 粗心
5、neither
词义:① neither作代词,意为"两者都不"。
例句:Neither of the two books interests me.(这两本书我都不感兴趣。)
② neither作副词,意为"也不"。
例句:I don't like swimming. Neither does my sister.(我不喜欢游泳,我妹妹也不喜欢。)
短语、搭配:neither...nor...(既不……也不……)
例句:He neither eats meat nor drinks milk.(他既不吃肉也不喝牛奶。)
易错点:neither...nor...连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词的人称和数与nor后面的主语保持一致(就近原则)。注意neither作代词时,谓语动词用单数形式。
例句:Neither my parents nor my brother is at home.(我父母和我哥哥都不在家。)
辨析:neither与none
neither 指"两者都不"。
例句:Neither of the two boys is tall.(这两个男孩都不高。)
none 指"三者或三者以上都不"。
例句:None of the students in our class failed the test.(我们班没有学生考试不及格。)
6、nor
词义:nor作连词或副词,意为"也不"。
① nor用于neither之后,构成"neither...nor..."。
例句:She can neither sing nor dance.(她既不会唱歌也不会跳舞。)
② nor用于否定句之后,表示"也不",句子要倒装。
例句:I haven't been to Beijing, nor have I been to Shanghai.(我没去过北京,也没去过上海。)
易错点:nor引导倒装句时,助动词或be动词要放在主语之前。nor后面接单数或复数动词取决于主语。
7、suppose
词义:① suppose作动词,意为"认为;猜想;推测",还可表示"假定;假设"。
例句:I suppose he is about forty years old.(我猜他大约四十岁。)
例句:Suppose you won a million dollars, what would you do?(假设你中了一百万美元,你会做什么?)
短语、搭配:①be supposed to do sth.(应该做某事;被期望做某事)
例句:You are supposed to hand in your homework on time.(你应该按时交作业。)
②suppose that...(猜想……)
例句:I suppose that she will come to the party.(我猜想她会来参加派对。)
易错点:"be supposed to"是固定搭配,注意被动形式,不要写成"suppose to"。后面接动词原形。
8、social
词义:social作形容词,意为"社会的;社交的"。
例句:We live in a social society where we need to help each other.(我们生活在一个需要互相帮助的社会中。)
短语、搭配:social media(社交媒体)
social problem(社会问题)
social worker(社会工作者)
词形变化:society n. 社会(由"social"改变拼写。)
socially adv. 在社交方面;在社会上
9、imagination
词义:
imagination作名词,意为"想象力;想象"。
例句:Children have very rich imagination.(孩子们有非常丰富的想象力。)
短语、搭配:① use one's imagination(运用某人的想象力)
②beyond imagination(超乎想象)
词形变化:imagine v. 想象
imaginative adj. 富有想象力的
易错点:imagination常作不可数名词,但表示"具体的想象内容"时可用可数(如"a vivid imagination")。
10、manager
词义:manager作可数名词,意为"经理;管理者"。
例句:My uncle is the manager of a big hotel.(我叔叔是一家大酒店的经理。)
短语、搭配:general manager(总经理)
sales manager(销售经理)
词形变化:manage v. 管理;设法做到
management n. 管理;经营
11、suit
词义:① suit作动词,意为"适合;对……方便",作可数名词,意为"套装;西服"。
例句:This color doesn't suit you.(这个颜色不适合你。)
例句:He wore a black suit to the party.(他穿了一套黑色西装去参加派对。)
短语、搭配:①suit sb. fine(非常适合某人)
例句:Friday evening suits me fine.(周五晚上对我很合适。)
②be suited for/to(适合……)
例句:She is well suited for the job.(她非常适合这份工作。)
词形变化:suitable adj. 合适的;适宜的
unsuitable adj. 不合适的
辨析:suit与fit
suit 指"适合"人的品位、个性、时间或条件,侧重匹配。
例句:This movie suits my taste.(这部电影合我的口味。)
fit 指"尺寸合适"或"能力胜任",侧重大小或能力上的匹配。
例句:This dress fits me well.(这条裙子我穿很合身。)
12、railway
词义:railway作可数名词,意为"铁路;铁道"。
例句:The railway connects the two cities.(这条铁路连接着两座城市。)
短语、搭配:railway station(火车站)
railway line(铁路线)
13、mention
词义:mention作动词,意为"提到;提及"。
例句:The teacher mentioned that we would have a test next week.(老师提到我们下周要考试。)
短语、搭配:① mention sth. to sb.(向某人提及某事)
例句:I mentioned your idea to my parents.(我向我父母提到了你的想法。)
②not to mention(更不用说;更别提)
例句:He is good at English, not to mention Chinese.(他英语很好,更不用说中文了。)
14、standard
词义:① standard作可数名词,意为"标准;水准",作形容词,意为"标准的;普通的"。
例句:The work is not up to standard.(这项工作没有达到标准。)
例句:The standard size of a bed is 2 meters long.(床的标准长度是2米。)
短语、搭配:①up to standard(达到标准)
例句:Your writing is not up to the standard of our class.(你的写作没有达到我们班的标准。)
②standard of living(生活水平)
15、passenger
词义:passenger作可数名词,意为"乘客;旅客"。
例句:All passengers must wear seat belts.(所有乘客必须系安全带。)
短语、搭配:passenger train(客运列车)
passenger plane(客机)
辨析:passenger与tourist
passenger 指乘坐交通工具的"乘客"。
例句:The passengers got off the train.(乘客们下了火车。)
tourist 指以观光为目的的"游客"。
例句:Many tourists visit the Great Wall every year.(每年许多游客参观长城。)
16、winner
词义:winner作可数名词,意为"获胜者;赢家"。
例句:The winner of the race got a gold medal.(赛跑的获胜者获得了一枚金牌。)
短语、搭配:the winner of...(……的获胜者)
例句:She is the winner of the singing competition.(她是歌唱比赛的获胜者。)
词形变化:win v. 赢;获胜
17、opposite
词义:① opposite作介词,意为"在……对面"。
例句:The bank is opposite the post office.(银行在邮局对面。)
② opposite作形容词,意为"对面的;相反的"。
例句:We live on the opposite side of the street.(我们住在街对面。)
③ opposite作可数名词,意为"对立的人(或事物)"。
例句:"Hot" is the opposite of "cold".("热"是"冷"的反义词。)
短语、搭配:be opposite to(与……相反;在……对面)
例句:His opinion is opposite to mine.(他的观点与我的相反。)
词形变化:opposition n. 反对;对立
18、kindness
词义:kindness作不可数名词,意为"善良;仁慈";也可作可数名词,意为"善行"。
例句:Thank you for your kindness.(感谢你的善良。)
例句:He has done many kindnesses for the poor.(他为穷人做了许多善事。)
短语、搭配:①show kindness to sb.(对某人表现出善意)
例句:She always shows kindness to her classmates.(她总是对同学表现出善意。)
②have the kindness to do sth.(好心做某事)
例句:Would you have the kindness to open the door?(你能好心开一下门吗?)
词形变化:kind adj. 善良的
kindly adv. 和蔼地
易错点:kindness是不可数名词,但表示"具体的善行"时可数,复数形式为kindnesses。
19、son
词义:son作可数名词,意为"儿子;子孙"。
例句:The old man has two sons.(这位老人有两个儿子。)
词形变化:daughter n. 女儿(对应词)
grandson n. 孙子;外孙
20、remain
词义:① remain作连系动词,意为"保持;仍然是"。
例句:The weather will remain hot for a few days.(天气还将持续热几天。)
② remain作不及物动词,意为"留下;逗留"、"剩下;遗留"。
例句:Please remain in your seats until the teacher comes.(请在老师来之前留在座位上。)
例句:Only a few apples remain on the tree.(树上只剩几个苹果了。)
短语、搭配:①remain + 形容词/名词(保持……状态)
例句:He remained silent all through the meeting.(整个会议他都保持沉默。)
②remain to be done(有待于被做)
例句:Many problems remain to be solved.(许多问题有待解决。)
辨析:remain与keep
remain 是不及物动词或连系动词,强调"保持某种状态"。
例句:The shop remains open until 10 p.m.(这家店一直开到晚上十点。)
keep 是及物动词,也可以作连系动词,强调"使保持"或"继续"。
例句:Please keep quiet.(请保持安静。)
易错点:remain作连系动词时,后面接形容词或名词作表语,不用被动语态。
21、confident
词义:confident作形容词,意为"自信的;有信心的"。
例句:I feel confident that I can finish the work on time.(我有信心能按时完成工作。)
短语、搭配:①be confident of/about sth.(对某事有信心)
例句:He is confident of winning the game.(他对赢得比赛充满信心。)
②be confident that...(确信……)
例句:We are confident that the plan will succeed.(我们确信这个计划会成功。)
词形变化:confidence n. 信心
confidently adv. 自信地
22、likely
词义:likely作形容词,意为"可能的;很可能发生的",作副词,意为"可能"。
例句:She is likely to become a doctor in the future.(她将来很可能成为一名医生。)
短语、搭配:①be likely to do sth.(很可能做某事)
例句:He is likely to come to the party.(他很可能会来参加派对。)
②It is likely that...(很可能……)
例句:It is likely that our team will win.(我们队很可能会赢。)
词形变化:unlikely adj. 不太可能的
辨析:likely与possible
likely 强调"可能性较大",有依据的推测。
例句:It is likely to snow tomorrow because the temperature is low.(明天很可能下雪,因为气温很低。)
possible 强调"可能性存在",但几率可大可小,只是不排除这种可能。
例句:It is possible but not likely that he will come.(他来有可能,但可能性不大。)
易错点:likely的主语可以是人或物,也可以用于"It is likely that..."结构。likely的比较级是"more likely",最高级"most likely"。
23、negative
词义:① negative作形容词,意为"消极的;负面的"、"否定的"。
例句:Don't always have a negative attitude towards life.(不要总是对生活抱有消极的态度。)
例句:The movie received some negative reviews.(这部电影收到了一些负面评价。)
例句:He gave a negative answer to my question.(他对我的问题给出了否定的回答。)
短语、搭配:negative attitude(消极态度)
negative effect(负面影响)
词形变化:negatively adv. 消极地;否定地
positive adj. 积极的(反义词)
24、study
词义:① study作动词,意为"学习;研究"。
例句:I study English every morning.(我每天早上学习英语。)
例句:Scientists are studying the effects of climate change.(科学家们正在研究气候变化的影响。)
② study作不可数名词,意为"学习"。作可数名词,意为"书房"或"研究;学业 "。
例句:He spends most of his time on study.(他把大部分时间花在学习上。)
例句:My father is reading in his study.(我父亲在他的书房里看书。)
例句:This study shows that exercise is good for health.(这项研究表明锻炼对健康有益。)
短语、搭配:①study hard(努力学习)
例句:We should study hard to achieve our dreams.(我们应该努力学习以实现梦想。)
②study for a test(为考试而学习)
例句:She stayed up late to study for the math test.(她熬夜为数学考试而学习。)
辨析:study与learn
study 强调"学习"的行为和过程,指系统地获取知识。
例句:He is studying French at school.(他正在学校学习法语。)
learn 强调"学会"的结果,指获得某种知识或技能。
例句:He learned to swim when he was six.(他六岁时学会了游泳。)
25、point
词义:① point作名词,意为"观点;要点"、"点;地点;时刻"、"分数;得分"
例句:I don't understand your point.(我不明白你的观点。)
例句:The teacher explained the main points of the lesson.(老师解释了这节课的要点。)
例句:The two lines meet at this point.(这两条线在这个点相交。)
例句:At that point, I decided to give up.(在那一刻,我决定放弃了。)
例句:Our team got 10 points in the game.(我们队在比赛中得了10分。)
② point作动词,意为"指向;指出;指引"。
例句:She pointed to the map and showed us the way.(她指着地图给我们指路。)
短语、搭配:① point of view(观点;看法)
例句:From my point of view, this is a good idea.(从我的观点来看,这是个好主意。)
②point out(意为"指出",强调指给人看某事物或说明某事)
point out是"动词+副词"短语,宾语如果是代词(如it、them),必须放在point和out之间。
例句:The teacher pointed out my mistakes.(老师指出了我的错误。)
例句:I made a mistake and he pointed it out.(我犯了一个错误,他指出来了。)
③point at/to(意为"指向",强调用手指向某物或某人。)
例句:He pointed at the blackboard and said nothing.(他指着黑板,什么也没说。)
26、challenge
词义:① challenge作可数名词,意为"挑战"。
例句:Climbing the mountain is a big challenge for me.(爬山对我来说是一个很大的挑战。)
② challenge作动词,意为"向……挑战;质疑"。
例句:He challenged me to a running race.(他向我挑战赛跑。)
短语、搭配:①face/take on a challenge(面对/接受挑战)
例句:She is ready to take on the challenge.(她准备好接受这个挑战了。)
②challenge sb. to do sth.(挑战某人做某事)
例句:I challenge you to solve this problem.(我挑战你解决这个问题。)
词形变化:challenger n. 挑战者
challenging adj. 有挑战性的
27、succeed
词义:succeed作不及物动词,意为"成功;实现目标"。
例句:He worked hard and finally succeeded.(他努力工作,最终成功了。)
短语、搭配:①succeed in doing sth.(成功做成某事)
例句:She succeeded in passing the driving test.(她成功地通过了驾驶考试。)
②succeed as...(作为……获得成功)
例句:He succeeded as a writer.(他作为作家获得了成功。)
词形变化:success n. 成功
successful adj. 成功的
successfully adv. 成功地
辨析:succeed与achieve
succeed 是不及物动词,指"成功"本身,不直接接宾语。
例句:He finally succeeded after many tries.(经过多次尝试,他终于成功了。)
achieve 是及物动词,指"实现"、"取得",后面接目标、成就等宾语。
例句:He achieved his goal of becoming a doctor.(他实现了当医生的目标。)
28、president
词义:president作可数名词,意为"总统;主席;校长;院长;董事长 "。
例句:Our school president gave a speech at the meeting.(我们学校的校长在会上发表了演讲。)
短语、搭配:the president of...(……的主席/总统/校长)
例句:He is the president of the student union.(他是学生会主席。)
29、position
词义:position作可数名词,意为"位置;职位"。
例句:Please put the chairs in their correct positions.(请把椅子放在正确的位置。)
例句:He got a good position in a big company.(他在一家大公司得到了一个好职位。)
短语、搭配:①in a position to do sth.(有能力或有资格做某事)
例句:I am not in a position to help you right now.(我现在没有能力帮你。)
②take a position(采取立场;就职)
例句:He took a position as a manager in the company.(他在公司里担任了经理的职位。)
30、cooperate
词义:cooperate作不及物动词,意为"合作;配合"。
例句:The two teams cooperated to finish the project.(这两个队合作完成了这个项目。)
短语、搭配:①cooperate with sb.(与某人合作)
例句:Our school cooperates with a foreign school.(我们学校和一所外国学校合作。)
②cooperate in doing sth.(合作做某事)
例句:They cooperated in building the new bridge.(他们合作建造了新桥。)
词形变化:cooperation n. 合作
cooperative adj. 合作的;配合的
31、voice
词义:① voice作名词,意为"嗓音;说话声"。
例句:She has a beautiful voice.(她有一副优美的嗓音。)
例句:I heard a voice calling from outside.(我听到外面有叫喊声。)
② voice作动词,意为"表达(意见)"。
例句:The meeting gave everyone a chance to voice their opinions.(会议给了每个人表达意见的机会。)
短语、搭配:①in a low/loud voice(低声地/大声地)
例句:Please speak in a low voice in the library.(在图书馆请小声说话。)
②raise one's voice(提高嗓门)
例句:Don't raise your voice at me.(不要对我提高嗓门。)
词形变化:voiceless adj. 无声的;清音的(由"voice + 后缀-less"构成。)
辨析:voice与sound
voice 特指"人的嗓音"或"说话声"。
例句:I recognized her voice on the phone.(我在电话里听出了她的声音。)
sound 泛指各种"声音",包括自然界的声音、机器的声音等。
例句:I heard a strange sound in the room.(我听到房间里有一个奇怪的声音。)
32、consider
词义:consider作动词,意为"仔细考虑;认为"。
例句:Please consider my suggestion carefully.(请仔细考虑我的建议。)
例句:I consider him a good friend.(我认为他是个好朋友。)
短语、搭配:①consider doing sth.(考虑做某事)
例句:We are considering visiting the museum this weekend.(我们正在考虑这个周末去参观博物馆。)
②consider sb./sth. as...(认为某人/某物是……)
例句:We consider this problem as very important.(我们认为这个问题很重要。)
③consider sb./sth. to be...(认为某人/某物是……)
例句:Most people consider him to be a hero.(大多数人认为他是个英雄。)
词形变化:consideration n. 考虑
辨析:consider与think about
consider 强调"仔细考虑",较为正式,含有权衡利弊的意思。
例句:I need time to consider your offer.(我需要时间来考虑你的提议。)
think about 意为"想"或"考虑",更口语化,程度较浅。
例句:What are you thinking about?(你在想什么?)
易错点:
consider后接动名词(doing),不接不定式(to do)。
33、come up with
词义:come up with意为"想出(主意);提出(方案);找到(答案)"。
例句:We need to come up with a plan to solve the problem.(我们需要想出一个解决问题的方案。)
辨析:come up with与catch up with
come up with 意为"想出"。
例句:Can you come up with a better answer?(你能想出一个更好的答案吗?)
catch up with 意为"赶上"。
例句:I have to study hard to catch up with my classmates.(我必须努力学习来赶上我的同学。)
34、either ... or ...
词义:either ... or ...意为"要么……要么……;或者……或者……",连接两个并列成分,表示选择。
例句:You can either come with us or stay at home.(你要么和我们一起来,要么待在家里。)
例句:Either you or I am going to clean the room.(要么你要么我将去打扫房间。)
易错点:either ... or ...连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词与or后面的主语保持一致(就近原则)。
例句:Either the students or the teacher is wrong.(要么学生们错了,要么老师错了。)
35、at all times
词义:at all times意为"始终;一直;随时"。
例句:The library is open to students at all times.(图书馆随时对学生开放。)
辨析:① at all times与at times
at all times 意为"始终;一直",强调连续性。
例句:The doctor is on duty at all times.(医生一直在值班。)
at times 意为"有时;偶尔"。
例句:At times, I feel tired after school.(有时候,放学后我会感到累。)
② at all times与all the time
at all times 意为"随时"、"始终",较为正式。
例句:The safety of our students is our first concern at all times.(学生的安全始终是我们首要关心的事。)
all the time 意为"一直;总是",更口语化。
例句:He talks in class all the time.(他总是在课堂上讲话。)
36、let sb down
词义:let sb down意为"使某人失望;辜负某人"。
例句:I promised to help him, and I won't let him down.(我答应要帮他,我不会让他失望的。)
易错点:let down是"动词+副词"短语,宾语如果是代词(如me、him、her),必须放在let和down之间。宾语如果是名词,可以放在down后,也可以放在中间。
例句:Please don't let me down.(请不要让我失望。)
例句:Don't let your friends down.(不要让朋友们失望。)
37、pass sth on (to sb)
词义:pass sth on (to sb)意为"把……传递给(某人)"。
例句:The teacher passed the books on to us.(老师把书传给了我们。)
辨析:① pass sth on (to sb)与give sth to sb
pass sth on 强调"传递"或"转交",常有媒介或中间人。
例句:She passed the information on to the manager.(她把信息转达给了经理。)
give sth to sb 强调"给"这个动作,不强调传递过程。
例句:He gave a gift to me on my birthday.(他生日那天给了我一件礼物。)
38、pay off
词义:① pay off意为"成功,奏效"。
例句:His patience paid off in the end.(他的耐心最终得到了回报。)
② pay off意为"还清(债务)"。
例句:My parents finally paid off the loan.(我父母终于还清了贷款。)
短语、搭配:pay off one's debts(还清债务)
Hard work pays off.(努力终有回报。)
易错点:pay off是"动词+副词"短语,宾语如果是代词(如it、them),必须放在pay和off之间。
例句:He borrowed 100 dollars and paid it off the next month.(他借了一百美元,第二个月就还清了。)
pay off在表示"取得成功"时,通常用主动语态,主语常是"hard work"、"effort"等。
辨析:① pay off与pay for
pay off 意为"还清"或"得到回报"。
例句:He paid off all his debts last year.(他去年还清了所有债务。)
pay for 意为"为……付款"。
例句:I paid 20 yuan for this book.(我为这本书付了20元。)
② pay off与pay back
pay off 强调"还清",指把欠款全部还完。
例句:It will take me a year to pay off the money.(我需要一年才能还清这笔钱。)
pay back 强调"偿还"或"还钱给某人",不一定指全部还清。
例句:I must pay back the money I borrowed from you.(我必须把从你那借的钱还给你。)
单元单词,短语用法练习
一、根据提示填写单词
1.Mr. Li is an ___________ (精力充沛的) teacher. He always plays basketball with us after school.
【答案】energetic
【详解】句意:李先生是一位精力充沛的老师。他放学后总是和我们一起打篮球。根据中文提示“精力充沛的”,可用形容词energetic,这里作定语修饰teacher。故填energetic。
2.The new manager is very c___________ (有信心的) about finishing the project on time.
【答案】confident
【详解】句意:这位新经理对按时完成项目非常有信心。根据中文提示“有信心的”,可用形容词confident,be confident about doing sth.是固定搭配,表示"对做某事有信心",应填形容词confident。
3.Please e___________ the rules to the new students clearly.
【答案】explain
【详解】句意:请向新学生清楚地解释这些规则。本句为祈使句,应用动词原形开头。根据首字母e及"the rules to the new students"可知,考查固定搭配explain sth. to sb.,应填动词explain。
4.My sister is good at using her i___________ to write interesting stories.
【答案】imagination
【详解】句意:我妹妹擅长运用她的想象力来写有趣的故事。根据首字母i及"to write interesting stories"可知,此处表示"运用想象力",use one's imagination为固定搭配,应填名词imagination。
5.The woman o___________ the post office is my aunt.
【答案】opposite
【详解】句意:邮局对面的那个女人是我的阿姨。根据首字母o及"the post office"可知,此处表示"在……对面",介词短语作后置定语,应填介词opposite。
6.Sam is a c___________ boy and often leaves his homework at home.
【答案】careless
【详解】句意:萨姆是个粗心的男孩,经常把作业落在家里。根据首字母c及后文"often leaves his homework at home"可知,他很粗心,应填形容词careless作定语修饰boy。
7.The teacher asked us to keep our desks in o___________.
【答案】order
【详解】句意:老师要求我们把课桌保持整齐。根据首字母o及"keep...in..."可知,考查固定搭配keep...in order,表示"使……保持整齐",应填名词order。
8.We should s___________ hard to achieve our dreams.
【答案】study
【详解】句意:我们应该努力学习以实现我们的梦想。本句情态动词should后接动词原形。根据首字母s及"to achieve our dreams"可知,表示"努力学习",应填动词study,构成study hard。
9.The m___________ of the big company is strict with his workers.
【答案】manager
【详解】句意:这家大公司的经理对他的工人很严格。根据首字母m及"of the big company"可知,此处表示"公司的经理",应填可数名词manager,由is可知用单数形式。
10.Don't always have a n___________ attitude towards life.
【答案】negative
【详解】句意:不要总是对生活抱有消极的态度。根据首字母n及"attitude"可知,此处表示"消极的态度",应填形容词negative作定语修饰attitude。
11.The young man is very s___________ and likes to talk with others.
【答案】social
【详解】句意:这个年轻人非常善于社交,喜欢和别人交谈。根据首字母s及"likes to talk with others"可知,他喜欢社交,应填形容词social作表语。
12.Students are s___________ to hand in their homework before 8 a.m.
【答案】supposed
【详解】句意:学生们应该在早上8点之前交作业。根据首字母s及"to hand in"可知,考查固定搭配be supposed to do sth.,表示"应该做某事",应填过去分词supposed。
二、用所给单词的正确形式填空
13.The teacher spent a long time giving us an ___________ (explain) of the difficult problem.
【答案】explanation
【详解】句意:老师花了很长时间给我们详细解释这个难题。括号内explain是动词"解释"。空格前有不定冠词an,后面有介词of,此处应填名词作giving的宾语,explain的名词形式为explanation。
14.She is a kind woman and always treats others with ___________ (kind).
【答案】kindness
【详解】句意:她是个善良的女人,总是友善地对待他人。括号内kind是形容词"善良的"。空格前有介词with,需填名词作宾语,kind的名词形式为kindness,作不可数名词表示"善良"。
15.The boy was too ___________ (care) to pass the exam.
【答案】careless
【详解】句意:这个男孩太粗心了,没有通过考试。括号内care是名词/动词"关心"。空格前was too,需填形容词作表语。根据"too...to..."表示"太……而不能",结合"to pass the exam"可知是太粗心,填careless。
16.We need to learn to ___________ (cooperation) with each other in group work.
【答案】cooperate
【详解】句意:我们需要在小组活动中学会互相合作。括号内cooperation是名词"合作"。空格前有不定式符号to learn to,其后需接动词原形,cooperation的动词形式为cooperate,构成learn to do结构。
17.My father is the ___________ (manage) of a big hotel in Nanjing.
【答案】manager
【详解】句意:我父亲是南京一家大酒店的管理者。括号内manage是动词"管理"。空格前有定冠词the,后有介词of,此处需填名词作表语,表示"经理",manage的名词形式为manager。
18.It is ___________ (likely) that it will rain today because the sky is clear.
【答案】unlikely
【详解】句意:今天不太可能下雨,因为天空很晴朗。括号内likely是形容词"可能的"。根据"because the sky is clear"可知,天空晴朗说明下雨的可能性不大,应用反义词unlikely,构成It is unlikely that...句型。
19.The doctor ___________ (success) in saving the patient's life yesterday.
【答案】succeeded
【详解】句意:昨天这位医生成功地挽救了病人的生命。括号内success是名词"成功"。本句缺少谓语动词,应用动词形式,时间状语yesterday提示用一般过去时。success的动词形式为succeed,过去式为succeeded。
20.These two answers are ___________ (opposite) to each other.
【答案】opposite
【详解】句意:这两个答案彼此相反。括号内opposite本身可以是形容词"相反的"或名词"对立面"。空格前有be动词are,后有介词to,考查固定搭配be opposite to,表示"与……相反",直接填形容词原形opposite。
21.You need to be more ___________ (imagination) to come up with new ideas.
【答案】imaginative
【详解】句意:你需要更有想象力才能想出新的主意。括号内imagination是名词"想象力"。空格前有be more,后无名词,需填形容词作表语,imagination的形容词形式为imaginative,表示"富有想象力的"。
22.The new policy has a ___________ (negatively) effect on the local economy.
【答案】negative
【详解】句意:这项新政策对当地经济有负面影响。括号内negatively是副词"消极地"。空格后有名词effect,需填形容词作定语修饰名词,negative为形容词,表示"消极的"。
23.The teacher ___________ (mention) the importance of practice in yesterday's class.
【答案】mentioned
【详解】句意:老师在昨天的课上提到了练习的重要性。括号内mention是动词"提到"。时间状语yesterday's class提示句子用一般过去时,mention的过去式为mentioned。
三、单项选择
24.This pair of shoes ______ me well, but the style doesn't ______ my taste.
A.fits; fit B.fits; suit C.suits; fit D.suit; fits
【答案】B
【详解】句意:这双鞋我穿很合脚,但款式不符合我的品味。fit侧重尺寸大小合适,suit侧重品味、个性或时间上的适合。第一空指"尺寸合脚",用fits;第二空指"符合品味",用suit。故填B。
25.______ of the two sisters is interested in playing the piano.
A.None B.All C.Both D.Neither
【答案】D
【详解】句意:这对姐妹俩都不喜欢弹钢琴。none指三者或以上都不,all指三者或以上都,both指两者都,neither指两者都不。题干明确"two sisters"且谓语is用单数,表示"两者都不"用Neither。
26.The young man ______ to be a good leader in the future.
A.is likely B.likely C.is possible D.possible
【答案】A
【详解】句意:这个年轻人将来很可能成为一名好领导。likely主语可以是人,常用be likely to do结构。possible主语通常为it,构成It is possible that...。B和D缺少be动词,故A正确。
27.You are ______ to finish the work before 5 p.m.
A.supposing B.supposed C.suppose D.supposes
【答案】B
【详解】句意:你应该在下午5点之前完成这项工作。be supposed to do sth.是固定搭配,表示"应该做某事"。suppose的过去分词形式为supposed,用于被动结构,故B正确。
28.Please ______ my mistakes if I am wrong.
A.point out B.point at C.point to D.point of
【答案】A
【详解】句意:如果我错了请指出我的错误。point out意为"指出",强调指明错误或问题;point at/to意为"指向",强调用手指示方向。此处表示"指出错误",应用point out。
29.The little girl has a beautiful ______ and she wants to be a singer.
A.sound B.noise C.voice D.shout
【答案】C
【详解】句意:这个小女孩有一副优美的嗓音,她想当歌手。voice特指人的嗓音或说话声;sound泛指各种声音;noise指噪音;shout指喊叫声。根据"wants to be a singer"可知是有优美的嗓音,用voice。
30.We need to ______ a better way to solve the problem.
A.catch up with B.come up with C.keep up with D.put up with
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我们需要想出一个更好的办法来解决这个问题。come up with意为"想出(主意/方案)";catch up with"赶上";keep up with"跟上";put up with"忍受"。根据"a better way"可知是"想出"办法,选B。
31.You can ______ stay at home ______ go shopping with me.
A.neither; nor B.either; or C.both; and D.not; but
【答案】B
【详解】句意:你要么待在家里,要么和我一起去购物。either...or...表示"要么……要么……",提供两种选择。neither...nor...表示"既不……也不……",both...and...表示"两者都",not...but...表示"不是……而是"。根据语境表示选择,选B。
32.______ my parents ______ my brother is at home. They are all on vacation.
A.Neither; nor B.Either; or C.Not only; but also D.Both; and
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我父母和我哥哥都不在家。他们都在度假。由后句"they are all on vacation"可知所有人都不在家。neither...nor...表示"两者都不",连接两个主语时谓语动词与nor后主语一致,is与my brother一致,故A正确。
33.My effort finally ______ and I got a good grade.
A.paid for B.paid off C.paid back D.paid out
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我的努力最终得到了回报,我取得了好成绩。pay off表示"(努力)得到回报、奏效";pay for表示"为……付款";pay back表示"偿还";pay out表示"付出"。根据"got a good grade"可知努力得到了回报,选B。
四、根据汉语提示完成句子。
34.他既不抽烟也不喝酒。
He ___________ smokes ___________ drinks.
【答案】neither; nor
【详解】句意对照:"既不……也不……"对应空格。关键词是"既不……也不……",表示同时否定两者。neither...nor...为固定搭配,连接两个并列的谓语动词。时态为一般现在时,主语为第三人称单数,动词用smokes和drinks。
35.这个主意是一个名叫汤姆的男孩想出来的。
The idea ___________ ___________ ___________ by a boy named Tom.
【答案】was come up with
【详解】句意对照:"想出来"对应空格。关键词"想出来"可用come up with表示。主语The idea与come up with之间为被动关系,应用被动语态。本文讲述过去的事,用一般过去时被动was come up with。
36.请把你的想法传递给下一个同学。
Please ___________ your idea ___________ ___________ the next student.
【答案】pass; on to
【详解】句意对照:"传递"对应空格。关键词"把……传递给某人"可用pass sth. on to sb.表示。本句是祈使句,用动词原形开头。故填pass; on to。
37.别忘了在图书馆始终安静。
Don't forget to keep quiet in the library ___________ ___________ ___________.
【答案】at all times
【详解】句意对照:"始终"对应空格。关键词"始终"表示"一直、随时",at all times意为"始终;一直",常用在书面语中。故填at all times。
38.他认为英语比数学更重要。
He ___________ English ___________ more important than Maths.
【答案】considers; to be
【详解】句意对照:"认为……是……"对应空格。consider sb./sth. to be...表示"认为某人/某物是……",为固定搭配。主语是第三人称单数,动词用considers。故填considers; to be。
39.这部电影适合所有年龄段的人。
The movie ___________ ___________ ___________ all ages.
【答案】is suited for
【详解】句意对照:"适合"对应空格。关键词"适合"可用be suited for/to表示。主语The movie为单数,be动词用is。故填is suited for。
40.我的观点与你的相反。
My point of view is ___________ ___________ yours.
【答案】opposite to
【详解】句意对照:"与……相反"对应空格。关键词"与……相反/在……对面"可用be opposite to表示。主语是单数,be动词用is。故填opposite to。
41.你能告诉我如何与新的同学合作吗?
Can you tell me how to ___________ ___________ the new classmates?
【答案】cooperate with
【详解】句意对照:"与……合作"对应空格。关键词"合作"可用cooperate with表示。空格前how to不定式,后接动词原形。故填cooperate with。
42.他终于设法还清了所有债务。
He finally managed to ___________ ___________ all his debts.
【答案】pay off
【详解】句意对照:"还清"对应空格。关键词"还清"可用pay off表示。manage to do sth.表示"设法做成某事",后接动词原形。pay off的宾语debts放在后面。故填pay off。
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Unit 1 Know yourself 重点单词、短语用法讲练
目录
· 单元重难点单词,短语用法讲解
将单词、短语分层列出,突出重点词汇,便于记忆。
详细讲解重点单词和短语的用法,把握单词、短语的考点、便于全面掌握。
· 单元单词,短语用法练习
通过以下练习,在具体的语境中巩固单词,短语的用法,加深对单词、短语记忆和理解。
单元重难点单词,短语用法讲解
一、单元单词、短语分层列举
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
1. 必须掌握的重点单词、短语。
energetic /ˌenəˈdʒetɪk/ adj. 精力充沛的
order /ˈɔ:də(r)/ n. 条理;顺序
explain /ɪkˈspleɪn/ vt. & vi. 解释
careless /ˈkeələs/ adj. 粗心的
neither /ˈnaɪðə(r)/ adv. 也不 det. & pron. 两者都不
nor /nɔ:(r)/ conj. & adv. 也不
suppose /səˈpəʊz/ vt. & vi. 认为,推断;假设
social /ˈsəʊʃl/ adj. 好交际的;社交的
imagination /ɪˌmædʒɪˈneɪʃn/ n. 想象力
manager /ˈmænɪdʒə(r)/ n. 经理
suit /su:t/ vt. 适合
railway /ˈreɪlweɪ/ n. 铁路;铁路系统
mention /ˈmenʃn/ vt. 提到,说到,写到
standard /ˈstændəd/ n. 标准
passenger /ˈpæsɪndʒə(r)/ n. 乘客
winner /ˈwɪnə(r)/ n. 获胜者
opposite /ˈɒpəzɪt/ n. 对立的人(或事物)
kindness /ˈkaɪndnəs/ n. 善良
son /sʌn/ n. 儿子
remain /rɪˈmeɪn/ linking v. 保持不变,仍然是
confident /ˈkɒnfɪdənt/ adj. 自信的
likely /ˈlaɪkli/ adv. 可能 adj. 可能的
negative /ˈneɡətɪv/ adj. 消极的;否定的
study /ˈstʌdi/ n. (pl. studies) 研究;学业
point /pɔɪnt/ vt. & vi. 指向,指引
challenge /ˈtʃælɪndʒ/ n. 挑战
succeed /səkˈsi:d/ vi. 成功
president /ˈprezɪdənt/ n. 主席;院长;董事长
position /pəˈzɪʃn/ n. 职位;位置
cooperate /kəʊˈɒpəreɪt/ vi. 合作
voice /vɔɪs/ vt. 表达
consider /kənˈsɪdə(r)/ vt. & vi. 仔细考虑
keep ... in (good) order 保持整齐
come up with 想出,找到(答案)
neither ... nor ... 既不…也不…
either ... or ... 要么…要么…,不是…就是…
at all times 总是,随时,永远
let sb down 使失望
pass sth on (to sb) 传递给(某人)
point out 指出
pay off 成功,奏效
2. 熟悉、了解即可的单词、短语。
organized /ˈɔ:ɡənaɪzd/ adj. 有条理的
accountant /əˈkaʊntənt/ n. 会计
impress /ɪmˈpres/ vt. & vi. 使留下深刻印象
tough /tʌf/ adj. 艰难的
personality /ˌpɜ:səˈnæləti/ n. 性格,个性
outgoing /ˌaʊtˈɡəʊɪŋ/ adj. 外向的,友好的
二、重点单词、短语用法讲解
1、energetic
词义:energetic作形容词,意为"精力充沛的;充满活力的"。
例句:The energetic young man works hard every day.(那个充满活力的年轻人每天都努力工作。)
短语、搭配:be energetic in doing sth.(做某事充满精力)
例句:He is energetic in playing sports.(他做运动时精力充沛。)
词形变化:energy n. 精力;能量
energetically adv. 精力充沛地
2、order
词义:① order作名词,意为"顺序;次序"、"命令;指令"、"订单;点餐"。
例句:Please put the books in order.(请把书按顺序放好。)
例句:The soldier followed the officer's order.(士兵服从了军官的命令。)
例句:I'd like to place an order for two hamburgers.(我想点两个汉堡。)
② order作动词,意为"命令;订购;点(菜)"。
例句:The teacher ordered us to be quiet.(老师命令我们安静下来。)
例句:We ordered some food online.(我们在网上订了一些食物。)
短语、搭配:① in order(按顺序;整齐) ② out of order(出故障;不整齐)
例句:The machine is out of order.(这台机器出故障了。)
③keep ... in (good) order(使……保持整齐/井然有序)
例句:Our teacher asked us to keep our desks in good order.(老师要求我们把课桌保持整齐。)
④ in order to do sth.(为了做某事)
例句:He got up early in order to catch the first bus.(他早起是为了赶上第一班公交车。)
⑤ order sb. to do sth.(命令某人做某事)
例句:The coach ordered the players to run faster.(教练命令队员们跑得更快。)
例句:It's important to keep the books in order on the shelf.(把书架上的书保持整齐很重要。)
3、explain
词义:explain作动词,意为"解释;说明"。
例句:The teacher explained the rules clearly.(老师清楚地解释了规则。)
短语、搭配:explain sth. to sb.(向某人解释某事)
例句:Please explain your plan to us.(请把你的计划解释给我们听。)
词形变化:explanation n. 解释;说明
4、careless
词义:careless作形容词,意为"粗心的;不小心的"。
例句:I made a careless mistake in the exam.(我在考试中犯了一个粗心的错误。)
短语、搭配:①be careless with sth.(对某事粗心)
例句:He is careless with his money.(他对钱很粗心。)
②be careless to do sth.(做某事很粗心)
例句:It was careless of you to leave your phone on the bus.(你把手机落在公交车上真是太粗心了。)
词形变化: care n./v. 关心;在意
carelessly adv. 粗心地
carelessness n. 粗心
5、neither
词义:① neither作代词,意为"两者都不"。
例句:Neither of the two books interests me.(这两本书我都不感兴趣。)
② neither作副词,意为"也不"。
例句:I don't like swimming. Neither does my sister.(我不喜欢游泳,我妹妹也不喜欢。)
短语、搭配:neither...nor...(既不……也不……)
例句:He neither eats meat nor drinks milk.(他既不吃肉也不喝牛奶。)
易错点:neither...nor...连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词的人称和数与nor后面的主语保持一致(就近原则)。注意neither作代词时,谓语动词用单数形式。
例句:Neither my parents nor my brother is at home.(我父母和我哥哥都不在家。)
辨析:neither与none
neither 指"两者都不"。
例句:Neither of the two boys is tall.(这两个男孩都不高。)
none 指"三者或三者以上都不"。
例句:None of the students in our class failed the test.(我们班没有学生考试不及格。)
6、nor
词义:nor作连词或副词,意为"也不"。
① nor用于neither之后,构成"neither...nor..."。
例句:She can neither sing nor dance.(她既不会唱歌也不会跳舞。)
② nor用于否定句之后,表示"也不",句子要倒装。
例句:I haven't been to Beijing, nor have I been to Shanghai.(我没去过北京,也没去过上海。)
易错点:nor引导倒装句时,助动词或be动词要放在主语之前。nor后面接单数或复数动词取决于主语。
7、suppose
词义:① suppose作动词,意为"认为;猜想;推测",还可表示"假定;假设"。
例句:I suppose he is about forty years old.(我猜他大约四十岁。)
例句:Suppose you won a million dollars, what would you do?(假设你中了一百万美元,你会做什么?)
短语、搭配:①be supposed to do sth.(应该做某事;被期望做某事)
例句:You are supposed to hand in your homework on time.(你应该按时交作业。)
②suppose that...(猜想……)
例句:I suppose that she will come to the party.(我猜想她会来参加派对。)
易错点:"be supposed to"是固定搭配,注意被动形式,不要写成"suppose to"。后面接动词原形。
8、social
词义:social作形容词,意为"社会的;社交的"。
例句:We live in a social society where we need to help each other.(我们生活在一个需要互相帮助的社会中。)
短语、搭配:social media(社交媒体)
social problem(社会问题)
social worker(社会工作者)
词形变化:society n. 社会(由"social"改变拼写。)
socially adv. 在社交方面;在社会上
9、imagination
词义:
imagination作名词,意为"想象力;想象"。
例句:Children have very rich imagination.(孩子们有非常丰富的想象力。)
短语、搭配:① use one's imagination(运用某人的想象力)
②beyond imagination(超乎想象)
词形变化:imagine v. 想象
imaginative adj. 富有想象力的
易错点:imagination常作不可数名词,但表示"具体的想象内容"时可用可数(如"a vivid imagination")。
10、manager
词义:manager作可数名词,意为"经理;管理者"。
例句:My uncle is the manager of a big hotel.(我叔叔是一家大酒店的经理。)
短语、搭配:general manager(总经理)
sales manager(销售经理)
词形变化:manage v. 管理;设法做到
management n. 管理;经营
11、suit
词义:① suit作动词,意为"适合;对……方便",作可数名词,意为"套装;西服"。
例句:This color doesn't suit you.(这个颜色不适合你。)
例句:He wore a black suit to the party.(他穿了一套黑色西装去参加派对。)
短语、搭配:①suit sb. fine(非常适合某人)
例句:Friday evening suits me fine.(周五晚上对我很合适。)
②be suited for/to(适合……)
例句:She is well suited for the job.(她非常适合这份工作。)
词形变化:suitable adj. 合适的;适宜的
unsuitable adj. 不合适的
辨析:suit与fit
suit 指"适合"人的品位、个性、时间或条件,侧重匹配。
例句:This movie suits my taste.(这部电影合我的口味。)
fit 指"尺寸合适"或"能力胜任",侧重大小或能力上的匹配。
例句:This dress fits me well.(这条裙子我穿很合身。)
12、railway
词义:railway作可数名词,意为"铁路;铁道"。
例句:The railway connects the two cities.(这条铁路连接着两座城市。)
短语、搭配:railway station(火车站)
railway line(铁路线)
13、mention
词义:mention作动词,意为"提到;提及"。
例句:The teacher mentioned that we would have a test next week.(老师提到我们下周要考试。)
短语、搭配:① mention sth. to sb.(向某人提及某事)
例句:I mentioned your idea to my parents.(我向我父母提到了你的想法。)
②not to mention(更不用说;更别提)
例句:He is good at English, not to mention Chinese.(他英语很好,更不用说中文了。)
14、standard
词义:① standard作可数名词,意为"标准;水准",作形容词,意为"标准的;普通的"。
例句:The work is not up to standard.(这项工作没有达到标准。)
例句:The standard size of a bed is 2 meters long.(床的标准长度是2米。)
短语、搭配:①up to standard(达到标准)
例句:Your writing is not up to the standard of our class.(你的写作没有达到我们班的标准。)
②standard of living(生活水平)
15、passenger
词义:passenger作可数名词,意为"乘客;旅客"。
例句:All passengers must wear seat belts.(所有乘客必须系安全带。)
短语、搭配:passenger train(客运列车)
passenger plane(客机)
辨析:passenger与tourist
passenger 指乘坐交通工具的"乘客"。
例句:The passengers got off the train.(乘客们下了火车。)
tourist 指以观光为目的的"游客"。
例句:Many tourists visit the Great Wall every year.(每年许多游客参观长城。)
16、winner
词义:winner作可数名词,意为"获胜者;赢家"。
例句:The winner of the race got a gold medal.(赛跑的获胜者获得了一枚金牌。)
短语、搭配:the winner of...(……的获胜者)
例句:She is the winner of the singing competition.(她是歌唱比赛的获胜者。)
词形变化:win v. 赢;获胜
17、opposite
词义:① opposite作介词,意为"在……对面"。
例句:The bank is opposite the post office.(银行在邮局对面。)
② opposite作形容词,意为"对面的;相反的"。
例句:We live on the opposite side of the street.(我们住在街对面。)
③ opposite作可数名词,意为"对立的人(或事物)"。
例句:"Hot" is the opposite of "cold".("热"是"冷"的反义词。)
短语、搭配:be opposite to(与……相反;在……对面)
例句:His opinion is opposite to mine.(他的观点与我的相反。)
词形变化:opposition n. 反对;对立
18、kindness
词义:kindness作不可数名词,意为"善良;仁慈";也可作可数名词,意为"善行"。
例句:Thank you for your kindness.(感谢你的善良。)
例句:He has done many kindnesses for the poor.(他为穷人做了许多善事。)
短语、搭配:①show kindness to sb.(对某人表现出善意)
例句:She always shows kindness to her classmates.(她总是对同学表现出善意。)
②have the kindness to do sth.(好心做某事)
例句:Would you have the kindness to open the door?(你能好心开一下门吗?)
词形变化:kind adj. 善良的
kindly adv. 和蔼地
易错点:kindness是不可数名词,但表示"具体的善行"时可数,复数形式为kindnesses。
19、son
词义:son作可数名词,意为"儿子;子孙"。
例句:The old man has two sons.(这位老人有两个儿子。)
词形变化:daughter n. 女儿(对应词)
grandson n. 孙子;外孙
20、remain
词义:① remain作连系动词,意为"保持;仍然是"。
例句:The weather will remain hot for a few days.(天气还将持续热几天。)
② remain作不及物动词,意为"留下;逗留"、"剩下;遗留"。
例句:Please remain in your seats until the teacher comes.(请在老师来之前留在座位上。)
例句:Only a few apples remain on the tree.(树上只剩几个苹果了。)
短语、搭配:①remain + 形容词/名词(保持……状态)
例句:He remained silent all through the meeting.(整个会议他都保持沉默。)
②remain to be done(有待于被做)
例句:Many problems remain to be solved.(许多问题有待解决。)
辨析:remain与keep
remain 是不及物动词或连系动词,强调"保持某种状态"。
例句:The shop remains open until 10 p.m.(这家店一直开到晚上十点。)
keep 是及物动词,也可以作连系动词,强调"使保持"或"继续"。
例句:Please keep quiet.(请保持安静。)
易错点:remain作连系动词时,后面接形容词或名词作表语,不用被动语态。
21、confident
词义:confident作形容词,意为"自信的;有信心的"。
例句:I feel confident that I can finish the work on time.(我有信心能按时完成工作。)
短语、搭配:①be confident of/about sth.(对某事有信心)
例句:He is confident of winning the game.(他对赢得比赛充满信心。)
②be confident that...(确信……)
例句:We are confident that the plan will succeed.(我们确信这个计划会成功。)
词形变化:confidence n. 信心
confidently adv. 自信地
22、likely
词义:likely作形容词,意为"可能的;很可能发生的",作副词,意为"可能"。
例句:She is likely to become a doctor in the future.(她将来很可能成为一名医生。)
短语、搭配:①be likely to do sth.(很可能做某事)
例句:He is likely to come to the party.(他很可能会来参加派对。)
②It is likely that...(很可能……)
例句:It is likely that our team will win.(我们队很可能会赢。)
词形变化:unlikely adj. 不太可能的
辨析:likely与possible
likely 强调"可能性较大",有依据的推测。
例句:It is likely to snow tomorrow because the temperature is low.(明天很可能下雪,因为气温很低。)
possible 强调"可能性存在",但几率可大可小,只是不排除这种可能。
例句:It is possible but not likely that he will come.(他来有可能,但可能性不大。)
易错点:likely的主语可以是人或物,也可以用于"It is likely that..."结构。likely的比较级是"more likely",最高级"most likely"。
23、negative
词义:① negative作形容词,意为"消极的;负面的"、"否定的"。
例句:Don't always have a negative attitude towards life.(不要总是对生活抱有消极的态度。)
例句:The movie received some negative reviews.(这部电影收到了一些负面评价。)
例句:He gave a negative answer to my question.(他对我的问题给出了否定的回答。)
短语、搭配:negative attitude(消极态度)
negative effect(负面影响)
词形变化:negatively adv. 消极地;否定地
positive adj. 积极的(反义词)
24、study
词义:① study作动词,意为"学习;研究"。
例句:I study English every morning.(我每天早上学习英语。)
例句:Scientists are studying the effects of climate change.(科学家们正在研究气候变化的影响。)
② study作不可数名词,意为"学习"。作可数名词,意为"书房"或"研究;学业 "。
例句:He spends most of his time on study.(他把大部分时间花在学习上。)
例句:My father is reading in his study.(我父亲在他的书房里看书。)
例句:This study shows that exercise is good for health.(这项研究表明锻炼对健康有益。)
短语、搭配:①study hard(努力学习)
例句:We should study hard to achieve our dreams.(我们应该努力学习以实现梦想。)
②study for a test(为考试而学习)
例句:She stayed up late to study for the math test.(她熬夜为数学考试而学习。)
辨析:study与learn
study 强调"学习"的行为和过程,指系统地获取知识。
例句:He is studying French at school.(他正在学校学习法语。)
learn 强调"学会"的结果,指获得某种知识或技能。
例句:He learned to swim when he was six.(他六岁时学会了游泳。)
25、point
词义:① point作名词,意为"观点;要点"、"点;地点;时刻"、"分数;得分"
例句:I don't understand your point.(我不明白你的观点。)
例句:The teacher explained the main points of the lesson.(老师解释了这节课的要点。)
例句:The two lines meet at this point.(这两条线在这个点相交。)
例句:At that point, I decided to give up.(在那一刻,我决定放弃了。)
例句:Our team got 10 points in the game.(我们队在比赛中得了10分。)
② point作动词,意为"指向;指出;指引"。
例句:She pointed to the map and showed us the way.(她指着地图给我们指路。)
短语、搭配:① point of view(观点;看法)
例句:From my point of view, this is a good idea.(从我的观点来看,这是个好主意。)
②point out(意为"指出",强调指给人看某事物或说明某事)
point out是"动词+副词"短语,宾语如果是代词(如it、them),必须放在point和out之间。
例句:The teacher pointed out my mistakes.(老师指出了我的错误。)
例句:I made a mistake and he pointed it out.(我犯了一个错误,他指出来了。)
③point at/to(意为"指向",强调用手指向某物或某人。)
例句:He pointed at the blackboard and said nothing.(他指着黑板,什么也没说。)
26、challenge
词义:① challenge作可数名词,意为"挑战"。
例句:Climbing the mountain is a big challenge for me.(爬山对我来说是一个很大的挑战。)
② challenge作动词,意为"向……挑战;质疑"。
例句:He challenged me to a running race.(他向我挑战赛跑。)
短语、搭配:①face/take on a challenge(面对/接受挑战)
例句:She is ready to take on the challenge.(她准备好接受这个挑战了。)
②challenge sb. to do sth.(挑战某人做某事)
例句:I challenge you to solve this problem.(我挑战你解决这个问题。)
词形变化:challenger n. 挑战者
challenging adj. 有挑战性的
27、succeed
词义:succeed作不及物动词,意为"成功;实现目标"。
例句:He worked hard and finally succeeded.(他努力工作,最终成功了。)
短语、搭配:①succeed in doing sth.(成功做成某事)
例句:She succeeded in passing the driving test.(她成功地通过了驾驶考试。)
②succeed as...(作为……获得成功)
例句:He succeeded as a writer.(他作为作家获得了成功。)
词形变化:success n. 成功
successful adj. 成功的
successfully adv. 成功地
辨析:succeed与achieve
succeed 是不及物动词,指"成功"本身,不直接接宾语。
例句:He finally succeeded after many tries.(经过多次尝试,他终于成功了。)
achieve 是及物动词,指"实现"、"取得",后面接目标、成就等宾语。
例句:He achieved his goal of becoming a doctor.(他实现了当医生的目标。)
28、president
词义:president作可数名词,意为"总统;主席;校长;院长;董事长 "。
例句:Our school president gave a speech at the meeting.(我们学校的校长在会上发表了演讲。)
短语、搭配:the president of...(……的主席/总统/校长)
例句:He is the president of the student union.(他是学生会主席。)
29、position
词义:position作可数名词,意为"位置;职位"。
例句:Please put the chairs in their correct positions.(请把椅子放在正确的位置。)
例句:He got a good position in a big company.(他在一家大公司得到了一个好职位。)
短语、搭配:①in a position to do sth.(有能力或有资格做某事)
例句:I am not in a position to help you right now.(我现在没有能力帮你。)
②take a position(采取立场;就职)
例句:He took a position as a manager in the company.(他在公司里担任了经理的职位。)
30、cooperate
词义:cooperate作不及物动词,意为"合作;配合"。
例句:The two teams cooperated to finish the project.(这两个队合作完成了这个项目。)
短语、搭配:①cooperate with sb.(与某人合作)
例句:Our school cooperates with a foreign school.(我们学校和一所外国学校合作。)
②cooperate in doing sth.(合作做某事)
例句:They cooperated in building the new bridge.(他们合作建造了新桥。)
词形变化:cooperation n. 合作
cooperative adj. 合作的;配合的
31、voice
词义:① voice作名词,意为"嗓音;说话声"。
例句:She has a beautiful voice.(她有一副优美的嗓音。)
例句:I heard a voice calling from outside.(我听到外面有叫喊声。)
② voice作动词,意为"表达(意见)"。
例句:The meeting gave everyone a chance to voice their opinions.(会议给了每个人表达意见的机会。)
短语、搭配:①in a low/loud voice(低声地/大声地)
例句:Please speak in a low voice in the library.(在图书馆请小声说话。)
②raise one's voice(提高嗓门)
例句:Don't raise your voice at me.(不要对我提高嗓门。)
词形变化:voiceless adj. 无声的;清音的(由"voice + 后缀-less"构成。)
辨析:voice与sound
voice 特指"人的嗓音"或"说话声"。
例句:I recognized her voice on the phone.(我在电话里听出了她的声音。)
sound 泛指各种"声音",包括自然界的声音、机器的声音等。
例句:I heard a strange sound in the room.(我听到房间里有一个奇怪的声音。)
32、consider
词义:consider作动词,意为"仔细考虑;认为"。
例句:Please consider my suggestion carefully.(请仔细考虑我的建议。)
例句:I consider him a good friend.(我认为他是个好朋友。)
短语、搭配:①consider doing sth.(考虑做某事)
例句:We are considering visiting the museum this weekend.(我们正在考虑这个周末去参观博物馆。)
②consider sb./sth. as...(认为某人/某物是……)
例句:We consider this problem as very important.(我们认为这个问题很重要。)
③consider sb./sth. to be...(认为某人/某物是……)
例句:Most people consider him to be a hero.(大多数人认为他是个英雄。)
词形变化:consideration n. 考虑
辨析:consider与think about
consider 强调"仔细考虑",较为正式,含有权衡利弊的意思。
例句:I need time to consider your offer.(我需要时间来考虑你的提议。)
think about 意为"想"或"考虑",更口语化,程度较浅。
例句:What are you thinking about?(你在想什么?)
易错点:
consider后接动名词(doing),不接不定式(to do)。
33、come up with
词义:come up with意为"想出(主意);提出(方案);找到(答案)"。
例句:We need to come up with a plan to solve the problem.(我们需要想出一个解决问题的方案。)
辨析:come up with与catch up with
come up with 意为"想出"。
例句:Can you come up with a better answer?(你能想出一个更好的答案吗?)
catch up with 意为"赶上"。
例句:I have to study hard to catch up with my classmates.(我必须努力学习来赶上我的同学。)
34、either ... or ...
词义:either ... or ...意为"要么……要么……;或者……或者……",连接两个并列成分,表示选择。
例句:You can either come with us or stay at home.(你要么和我们一起来,要么待在家里。)
例句:Either you or I am going to clean the room.(要么你要么我将去打扫房间。)
易错点:either ... or ...连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词与or后面的主语保持一致(就近原则)。
例句:Either the students or the teacher is wrong.(要么学生们错了,要么老师错了。)
35、at all times
词义:at all times意为"始终;一直;随时"。
例句:The library is open to students at all times.(图书馆随时对学生开放。)
辨析:① at all times与at times
at all times 意为"始终;一直",强调连续性。
例句:The doctor is on duty at all times.(医生一直在值班。)
at times 意为"有时;偶尔"。
例句:At times, I feel tired after school.(有时候,放学后我会感到累。)
② at all times与all the time
at all times 意为"随时"、"始终",较为正式。
例句:The safety of our students is our first concern at all times.(学生的安全始终是我们首要关心的事。)
all the time 意为"一直;总是",更口语化。
例句:He talks in class all the time.(他总是在课堂上讲话。)
36、let sb down
词义:let sb down意为"使某人失望;辜负某人"。
例句:I promised to help him, and I won't let him down.(我答应要帮他,我不会让他失望的。)
易错点:let down是"动词+副词"短语,宾语如果是代词(如me、him、her),必须放在let和down之间。宾语如果是名词,可以放在down后,也可以放在中间。
例句:Please don't let me down.(请不要让我失望。)
例句:Don't let your friends down.(不要让朋友们失望。)
37、pass sth on (to sb)
词义:pass sth on (to sb)意为"把……传递给(某人)"。
例句:The teacher passed the books on to us.(老师把书传给了我们。)
辨析:① pass sth on (to sb)与give sth to sb
pass sth on 强调"传递"或"转交",常有媒介或中间人。
例句:She passed the information on to the manager.(她把信息转达给了经理。)
give sth to sb 强调"给"这个动作,不强调传递过程。
例句:He gave a gift to me on my birthday.(他生日那天给了我一件礼物。)
38、pay off
词义:① pay off意为"成功,奏效"。
例句:His patience paid off in the end.(他的耐心最终得到了回报。)
② pay off意为"还清(债务)"。
例句:My parents finally paid off the loan.(我父母终于还清了贷款。)
短语、搭配:pay off one's debts(还清债务)
Hard work pays off.(努力终有回报。)
易错点:pay off是"动词+副词"短语,宾语如果是代词(如it、them),必须放在pay和off之间。
例句:He borrowed 100 dollars and paid it off the next month.(他借了一百美元,第二个月就还清了。)
pay off在表示"取得成功"时,通常用主动语态,主语常是"hard work"、"effort"等。
辨析:① pay off与pay for
pay off 意为"还清"或"得到回报"。
例句:He paid off all his debts last year.(他去年还清了所有债务。)
pay for 意为"为……付款"。
例句:I paid 20 yuan for this book.(我为这本书付了20元。)
② pay off与pay back
pay off 强调"还清",指把欠款全部还完。
例句:It will take me a year to pay off the money.(我需要一年才能还清这笔钱。)
pay back 强调"偿还"或"还钱给某人",不一定指全部还清。
例句:I must pay back the money I borrowed from you.(我必须把从你那借的钱还给你。)
单元单词,短语用法练习
一、根据提示填写单词
1.Mr. Li is an ___________ (精力充沛的) teacher. He always plays basketball with us after school.
2.The new manager is very c___________ (有信心的) about finishing the project on time.
3.Please e___________ the rules to the new students clearly.
4.My sister is good at using her i___________ to write interesting stories.
5.The woman o___________ the post office is my aunt.
6.Sam is a c___________ boy and often leaves his homework at home.
7.The teacher asked us to keep our desks in o___________.
8.We should s___________ hard to achieve our dreams.
9.The m___________ of the big company is strict with his workers.
10.Don't always have a n___________ attitude towards life.
11.The young man is very s___________ and likes to talk with others.
12.Students are s___________ to hand in their homework before 8 a.m.
二、用所给单词的正确形式填空
13.The teacher spent a long time giving us an ___________ (explain) of the difficult problem.
14.She is a kind woman and always treats others with ___________ (kind).
15.The boy was too ___________ (care) to pass the exam.
16.We need to learn to ___________ (cooperation) with each other in group work.
17.My father is the ___________ (manage) of a big hotel in Nanjing.
18.It is ___________ (likely) that it will rain today because the sky is clear.
19.The doctor ___________ (success) in saving the patient's life yesterday.
20.These two answers are ___________ (opposite) to each other.
21.You need to be more ___________ (imagination) to come up with new ideas.
22.The new policy has a ___________ (negatively) effect on the local economy.
23.The teacher ___________ (mention) the importance of practice in yesterday's class.
三、单项选择
24.This pair of shoes ______ me well, but the style doesn't ______ my taste.
A.fits; fit B.fits; suit C.suits; fit D.suit; fits
25.______ of the two sisters is interested in playing the piano.
A.None B.All C.Both D.Neither
26.The young man ______ to be a good leader in the future.
A.is likely B.likely C.is possible D.possible
27.You are ______ to finish the work before 5 p.m.
A.supposing B.supposed C.suppose D.supposes
28.Please ______ my mistakes if I am wrong.
A.point out B.point at C.point to D.point of
29.The little girl has a beautiful ______ and she wants to be a singer.
A.sound B.noise C.voice D.shout
30.We need to ______ a better way to solve the problem.
A.catch up with B.come up with C.keep up with D.put up with
31.You can ______ stay at home ______ go shopping with me.
A.neither; nor B.either; or C.both; and D.not; but
32.______ my parents ______ my brother is at home. They are all on vacation.
A.Neither; nor B.Either; or C.Not only; but also D.Both; and
33.My effort finally ______ and I got a good grade.
A.paid for B.paid off C.paid back D.paid out
四、根据汉语提示完成句子。
34.他既不抽烟也不喝酒。
He ___________ smokes ___________ drinks.
35.这个主意是一个名叫汤姆的男孩想出来的。
The idea ___________ ___________ ___________ by a boy named Tom.
36.请把你的想法传递给下一个同学。
Please ___________ your idea ___________ ___________ the next student.
37.别忘了在图书馆始终安静。
Don't forget to keep quiet in the library ___________ ___________ ___________.
38.他认为英语比数学更重要。
He ___________ English ___________ more important than Maths.
39.这部电影适合所有年龄段的人。
The movie ___________ ___________ ___________ all ages.
40.我的观点与你的相反。
My point of view is ___________ ___________ yours.
41.你能告诉我如何与新的同学合作吗?
Can you tell me how to ___________ ___________ the new classmates?
42.他终于设法还清了所有债务。
He finally managed to ___________ ___________ all his debts.
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