Unit 4 Space Exploration 高考题型逆向一轮复习讲义 -2027届高三英语人教版必修第三册

该高中英语高考复习讲义围绕人教版必修三Unit 4太空探索主题，从语法填空、读后续写、应用文写作、阅读理解、句型突破五大高考题型反向串联核心词汇与句型，按考频梳理determine等7个语法填空高频词，分类构建续写表达库，整合阅读主题词块。通过考点用法解析、高考考法总结、易错点提示及专项练习，帮助学生系统突破高频考点，建立题型与知识的内在联系。 资料创新采用逆向复习策略，突出语言能力与思维品质培养，如语法填空按考频排序并结合课本原句讲练，续写表达库按情绪动作分类配场景仿写，句型突破对比五种倍数表达法。设置分层练习（语法10题、续写6题、应用文仿写）及详细解析，确保学生高效掌握考点，为教师提供精准复习框架，助力把控节奏，提升学生应考能力。

人教版必修三 Unit 4 SPACE EXPLORATION 高考题型逆向一轮复习讲义 （从高考题型反向串联单元核心词汇与句型） 一、语法填空高频考点 本单元七个核心词在近五年高考语法填空中反复出现，按考频排序逐一梳理。每个词先记用法，再做练习。 考点1 determine / determined / determination 课本原句：Yuri Gagarin became the first person to enter space, determined to push the boundaries. 【用法】 ① determine to do sth 决定做某事（强调动作，瞬间动词） ② be determined to do sth 决心做某事（强调状态，可作状语省略be） ③ determine on/upon sth 就……做出决定 ④ determine sb to do sth 使某人下决心做某事 ⑤ determination n. 决心；determined adj. 坚定的 【高考考法】形容词作状语是高频考点：Determined to catch up, he worked day and night. （=Because he was determined...） 【易错】看到be determined to do别填determining。determined表状态，determining表主动动作，两者不可互换。 考点2 disappoint / disappointment / disappointed / disappointing 课本原句：The failure made everyone sad and disappointed. 【用法】 ① disappoint vt. 使失望 What he did disappointed us all. ② to one's disappointment 令某人失望的是（=to the disappointment of sb） ③ disappointed adj. 感到失望的（修饰人）/ disappointing adj. 令人失望的（修饰事物） ④ be disappointed at/about/with sth 对某事感到失望 ⑤ be disappointed to do sth / be disappointed that... 做某事感到失望 【高考考法】词性转换：to one's + 名词，空后常给disappoint，需填disappointment。 【易错】-ed修饰人、-ing修饰物的规则在语法填空中几乎每年考。注意disappointment拼写，不要少写一个i。 考点3 desire 课本原句：The desire to explore the universe never died. 【用法】 ① desire n. 渴望；欲望 have a desire to do sth / a desire for sth ② desire vt. 渴望 desire to do sth / desire sb to do sth ③ desire that... (should) do 渴望……（从句用虚拟语气，should可省） ④ desirable adj. 值得拥有的；可取的 【高考考法】虚拟语气是冷考点但考过：We desire that immediate action (should) be taken. 注意被动形式。 【易错】desire后的宾语从句用(should) do，和suggest/order/insist同类；但argue that从句不用虚拟，别混。 考点4 signal 课本原句：This signalled one step further in China's space plan. 【用法】 ① signal n. 信号；暗号 a danger signal / send out a signal ② signal (to) sb to do sth 示意某人做某事 ③ signal that... 表明；标志着（熟词生义，阅读高频） ④ signal vi. 发信号 The policeman signalled to us to stop. 【高考考法】固定搭配signal to sb to do中，不定式作宾语补足语，空后给stop填to stop。 【易错】过去式/过去分词双写l：signalled（英式）/ signaled（美式），高考写作中两种都接受，但语法填空给signal变过去式时记得双写。 考点5 lack 课本原句：A lack of food and water forced them to return. 【用法】 ① lack vt. 缺乏；缺少（直接接宾语，不加of） He lacks confidence. ② lack n. 缺乏 a lack of sth / for lack of sth（因为缺少） ③ lacking adj. 缺乏的 be lacking in sth（在……方面缺乏） ④ lack for sth 需要（多用于否定句） She lacks for nothing. 【高考考法】非谓语作状语：Though lacking experience, she made up for it with hard work. （she与lack是主动关系） 【易错】lack作动词直接接宾语，不要说lack of sth；作名词才用a lack of。be lacking in中的in不能换成of。 考点6 argue / argument 课本原句：Some argue that space exploration is a waste of money. 【用法】 ① argue vi./vt. 争论；辩论 argue with sb about/over sth 因某事与某人争论 ② argue that... 主张；认为（从句不用虚拟） ③ argue for/against sth 据理力争支持/反对某事 ④ argue sb into/out of doing sth 说服某人做/不做某事 ⑤ argument n. 争论；论点（去e加ment，易拼错） 【高考考法】词性转换：have an argument with sb about sth，空后给argue填argument。 【易错】argument拼写：argue去e加ment，不是arguement。argue that从句用陈述语气，和desire that的虚拟语气区分。 考点7 attach 课本原句：Please attach your name to the application form. 【用法】 ① attach vt. 系；贴；连接 attach sth to sth 把某物系/贴在某物上 ② attach importance to sth 重视……（to是介词，后接名词/动名词） ③ be attached to sth/sb 附属于；依恋 She is deeply attached to her family. ④ attachment n. 附件；依恋 【高考考法】attach importance to中的to是介词，后接doing：More importance should be attached to protecting the environment. 【易错】这是高考高频陷阱——to是介词不是不定式符号，看到attach importance to后面给动词，必须填doing形式。 语法填空专项练习（10题） 用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 1. __________ (determine) to realize his space dream, Yang Liwei trained for years. 2. Much to our __________ (disappoint), the launch had to be postponed due to bad weather. 3. The public desire that more funds __________ (allocate) to space research. 4. The ground control signalled to the astronauts __________ (check) the solar panels. 5. Though __________ (lack) practical experience, the young engineer solved the problem. 6. They had a heated __________ (argue) about whether space exploration was worth the cost. 7. Great importance should be attached to __________ (develop) reusable rocket technology. 8. The __________ (determine) on his face told us he would not give up. 9. It is __________ (disappoint) that none of the experiments produced the expected results. 10. The success of the mission __________ (signal) a new era in China's space programme. __________________________________________________________________________________________ 二、读后续写高分表达库 从本单元词汇中筛选可直接用于续写的表达，按情绪和动作分类，每个配适用场景和仿写。续写中用本单元高级词汇替代普通表达，容易提分。 1. 决心类 determined to do / with firm determination / a burning desire to do / make up one's mind to do 场景：人物面对困难不放弃，下定决心做某事。可替换普通的decide to do。 仿写：__________（决心要把宇航员安全救回）, the rescue team worked through the night. 2. 失望类 to one's disappointment / sigh with disappointment / a disappointed look on one's face / shoulders drooping with disappointment 场景：任务失败、期望落空时的情绪描写。可替换普通的feel sad。 仿写：__________（令我们大为失望的是）, the rocket launch was put off again. 3. 动作类 signal sb to do / attach sth to / argue sb into doing / give a signal to / with a swift signal 场景：指挥、示意、劝说等动作描写。signal比tell更有画面感。 仿写：The captain __________（示意我们保持安静）when we approached the wild animals. 4. 困境类 run out of / a lack of / result in / be faced with / at the risk of 场景：物资耗尽、条件艰苦、导致后果。可替换普通的no more / because of。 仿写：With food and water __________（快用完了）, the explorers had to turn back. 5. 坚持类（新增） carry on / push the boundaries / never give up / against all odds / with perseverance 场景：遭遇挫折后继续前行，体现人物坚韧品质。 仿写：Despite the failure, the team __________（继续进行实验）until they succeeded. 续写微练（6题） 1. __________（决心要成功）, he practised the experiment again and again. (determine) 2. __________（令他失望的是）, none of his friends came to see him off. (disappoint) 3. The coach __________（示意队员们跑快一点）at the critical moment. (signal) 4. Our time __________（快用完了）, so we had to make a quick decision. (run out) 5. __________（由于缺乏经验）, she made several mistakes at first but soon improved. (lack) 6. He __________（说服父亲同意）his plan to study astronomy abroad. (argue) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 三、应用文写作：通知类 课本写作任务是"航天讲座通知"。通知类作文在高考中考查频率高，掌握三段式结构即可稳定得分。 三段式结构 第一段：活动目的（Aiming to... / In order to... / To help students...） 第二段：具体信息（时间、地点、内容、流程，信息要完整） 第三段：邀请参加（Looking forward to... / Everyone is welcome. / Don't miss it.） 高分句型 1. Aiming to expose students to more knowledge about..., our school plans to hold... 2. The lecture will be arranged in... from... to... on... 3. Not only will it..., but also it will...（部分倒装，加分句型） 4. On behalf of..., I sincerely welcome everyone to... 5. Those who are interested are expected to...（定语从句，提升档次） 6. It is a good opportunity for you to...（不定式作后置定语） 参考范文 Notice Aiming to expose us students to more knowledge regarding space exploration, our school plans to hold a space science-themed lecture. The details are as follows. The lecture will be arranged in the school library from 3 pm to 4:30 pm this Thursday. A professor from Wuhan University will give a speech about China's space programme. Besides, various videos and models will be shown, and there will be a Q&A section where you can ask questions. On behalf of the Student Union, I sincerely welcome everyone to the lecture. Not only will it satisfy your thirst for knowledge but also it will broaden your horizons. The Student Union 仿写任务 把主题换成"航天知识竞赛"，写一则80词左右的通知，至少用2个上面的高分句型。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ 四、阅读理解主题词块（太空探索） 高考阅读常考太空探索主题，以下词块均来自课本或高考真题高频表达，按场景分类，建议熟记。阅读中遇到这些词块能快速理解句意。 1. 太空任务类 space mission 太空任务 / orbit Earth 绕地球运行 / launch a spacecraft 发射航天器 / manned space flight 载人航天飞行 / space station 空间站 / lunar probe 月球探测器 / Mars exploration 火星探索 / spacewalk 太空行走 / docking with... 与……对接 / re-entry capsule 返回舱 2. 探索宇宙类 explore the universe 探索宇宙 / solar system 太阳系 / beyond Earth 地球之外 / scientific research 科学研究 / make discoveries 取得发现 / the Milky Way 银河 / distant galaxies 遥远星系 / search for life 寻找生命 / collect data 收集数据 / conduct experiments 做实验 3. 困难挑战类 a lack of oxygen 缺氧 / run out of fuel 燃料耗尽 / result in failure 导致失败 / extreme conditions 极端条件 / risk one's life 冒生命危险 / technical problems 技术问题 / communication failure 通讯中断 / solar radiation 太阳辐射 / weightlessness 失重 / high costs 高昂成本 4. 人物品质类 determination 决心 / courage 勇气 / devotion 奉献 / a desire to succeed 渴望成功 / never give up 永不放弃 / perseverance 毅力 / intelligence 智慧 / team spirit 团队精神 / a sense of responsibility 责任感 / ambition 抱负 5. 观点争论类（新增，对应课本argue） argue for space exploration 支持太空探索 / argue against 反对 / a waste of money 浪费金钱 / benefit mankind 造福人类 / inspire young people 激励年轻人 / promote technology 推动技术 / long-term benefits 长期利益 / short-term costs 短期成本 6. 中国航天相关（新增，高考阅读热点） China National Space Administration (CNSA) 中国国家航天局 / Tiangong space station 天宫空间站 / Chang'e programme 嫦娥工程 / Tianwen mission 天问任务 / Shenzhou spacecraft 神舟飞船 / BeiDou navigation system 北斗导航系统 / reusable rocket 可回收火箭 / space economy 太空经济 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 五、句型突破 句型1：序数词/最高级 + 名词 + to do（不定式作定语） 课本原句：Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space. 【高考考法】 ① the first/last/best/only + 名词 + to do ② 不定代词something/nothing/anything后接to do ③ 抽象名词chance/ability/opportunity/way后接to do ④ 注意被动：the first woman to be awarded（woman与award是被动关系） 练：She was the first Chinese woman __________ (award) the Nobel Prize in Literature. 句型2：倍数表达法 课本原句：Olympus Mons is about twice as high as Mount Qomolangma. 【五种句型对比】 ① 倍数 + as + adj./adv. + as → twice as large as ② 倍数 + 比较级 + than → three times larger than ③ 倍数 + the + 名词(size/height/length/width) + of → twice the size of ④ 倍数 + what从句 → three times what it used to be ⑤ 倍数 + as + many/much + 名词 + as → twice as much money as 【易错】②和③容易混：three times larger than = three times the size of，都表示"是……的三倍"。 练：The new stadium is three times __________ (large) than the old one. 句型3：with复合结构（新增，本单元续写高频） 课本原句：With food and water running out, the explorers had to turn back. 【结构】with + 宾语 + 宾补（doing/done/to do/adj./adv./介词短语） ① with + n. + doing（主动/进行） With the guide leading the way, we arrived safely. ② with + n. + done（被动/完成） With the problem solved, we all felt relaxed. ③ with + n. + to do（将来） With a lot of work to do, he can't go out. 【高考考法】语法填空和读后续写都高频。续写中用with复合结构描写环境或状态，比普通句子更高级。 练：With all the preparations __________ (make), the launch began on schedule. 句型4：desire that... (should) do 虚拟语气（新增） 课本原句：The desire to explore the universe never died. 【用法】desire/suggest/order/insist/request/recommend + that从句，从句谓语用(should) do，should可省略。 【被动】(should) be done We desire that the task (should) be completed as soon as possible. 练：The teacher desired that every student __________ (hand) in the report before Friday. __________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案与解析 一、语法填空专项练习 1. Determined 形容词作状语，表状态。be determined to do的省略形式，相当于Because he was determined to...。注意首字母大写。 2. disappointment 词性转换。to one's + 名词结构，意为「令某人失望的是」。disappoint→disappointment，注意拼写。 3. (should) be allocated desire后宾语从句用虚拟语气(should) do，should可省略。funds与allocate是被动关系，用be allocated。 4. to check signal to sb to do sth，固定搭配，不定式作宾语补足语。 5. lacking 现在分词作状语。she与lack是主动关系，相当于though she lacked experience。lack是及物动词，直接接宾语。 6. argument 词性转换。have an argument with sb about sth，argue去e加ment。注意不是arguement。 7. developing attach importance to中的to是介词，后接动名词。这是高频陷阱，不要填to develop。 8. determination 词性转换。the + 名词 + on one's face，determine→determination，意为「脸上坚定的表情」。 9. disappointing -ed/-ing形容词辨析。it指代「实验没有产生预期结果」这件事，修饰事物用disappointing。 10. signalled 动词时态。过去式双写l：signalled（英式）/ signaled（美式），意为「标志着」，熟词生义。 二、续写微练 1. Determined to succeed determined形容词作状语，表决心的状态。 2. To his great disappointment to one's + 名词，固定结构。great加强语气。 3. signalled to the players to run faster signal to sb to do sth，过去式双写l。 4. running out with复合结构，time与run out是主动关系，用现在分词。run out不及物，无被动。 5. Lacking experience / For lack of experience 两种写法均可。lacking是现在分词作状语；for lack of是介词短语。 6. argued his father into agreeing to argue sb into doing sth，说服某人做某事。注意时态用过去式。 五、句型突破练习 句型1：to be awarded the first + 名词 + 不定式作定语。woman与award是被动关系，用不定式的被动式to be awarded。 句型2：larger 倍数 + 比较级 + than，用形容词比较级。three times larger than = three times the size of。 句型3：made with复合结构。preparations与make是被动完成关系，用过去分词made。 句型4：(should) hand desire that从句用虚拟语气(should) do，should可省略。student与hand是主动关系，用动词原形。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $