【周周有招】新教材同步尖子班讲义第5讲Unit 3 Diverse Cultures（状语从句省略主语咋判断-语法讲练）-2026-2027学年高中英语人教版必修第三册（教师版+学生版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语状语从句中的省略这一核心知识点，系统梳理“连词＋分词/形容词/介词短语/名词”结构的识别方法，指导学生还原被省略的“主语＋be”，并根据主动被动关系判断分词形式及区分系表结构留表语的情形。通过文化情境导入、三步法精讲、实战运用与分层练习构建完整学习支架。 该资料以茶文化短文导入激发兴趣，体现文化意识，通过“三步法”（认出省略、还原主语、判断形式）培养学生分析与推断的思维品质，分层练习和语篇应用提升语言能力与学习能力。课中“加‘被’字诀”辅助准确判断，课后自检清单与语篇练习助力学生查漏补缺，强化知识应用。

Unit 3 Diverse Cultures 精品讲义2027春高一（下）英语-新教材人教版必修三 第5讲 Ellipsis in Adverbial Clauses（状语从句中的省略）-状语从句省略主语咋判断-语法讲练（学生版） 语法课 ● Discovering Useful Structures 【课时安排】本讲为Unit 3 Discovering Useful Structures建议用时1—2课时。 【学习目标】 1．能识别状语从句中“连词＋分词／形容词／介词短语／名词”的省略，并准确还原被省略的“主语＋be”。 2．能根据被省主语与动词的主动／被动关系，判断该用现在分词还是过去分词，并能独立识别“系表结构省be留表语”的情形，不作分词处理。 3．能在语法填空与语篇阅读中快速补全省略句语义，准确判断动作发出者，避开“主语不一致”的陷阱。 一、课堂导入：这一读，哪里“断”了？ 本单元谈多元文化，从一杯中国茶说起——它本身就是文化交流的产物。先读下面这段关于中国茶文化的短文。它读起来很顺畅，但请较一回真：每一处划线的地方，到底“谁”在做动作？ Chinese tea has conquered the world, yet few know its true story. When asked about the birthplace of Longjing, most tea lovers can only guess the region. While drinking tea, people often chat about its legends. If brewed right, the tea leaves can turn into fragrant nectar. Though small in size, the tea leaves carry a thousand years of memory. 读完先回答三个问题： ① When asked about the birthplace of Longjing —— 这里的 asked，主语是谁？ ② While drinking tea —— 这里的 drinking，主语是谁？ ③ Though small in size —— 这里的 small，主语是谁？ 【我的答案】 ① asked 的逻辑主语是＿＿＿＿，完整形式为 When ＿＿＿＿＿＿。 ② drinking 的逻辑主语是＿＿＿＿，完整形式为 While ＿＿＿＿＿＿。 ③ small 的逻辑主语是＿＿＿＿，完整形式为 Though ＿＿＿＿＿＿。 本讲要解决的核心问题：把省略句补上主语、看清谁在动作。 二、核心精讲：给省略句补上主语（三步法） 状语从句里的省略，几乎都遵循同一条规律：当从句主语与主句主语一致（或为it）时，从句里的“主语＋be”可以一起省略。看到省略，先把它“补回去”。 （一）第一步　认出省略：连词后面“没主语” when/while/if/though/unless/once/as/before/after 这类连词引导状语从句，本该是“连词＋主语＋谓语”。如果连词后面直接是分词、形容词、介词短语或名词，且整句没有该从句的主语，通常就是省略了“主语＋be”。 错误路径演示 学生看到 When ringing, the students left，先补成 When the students were ringing，但原句是 When the bell rang，省略成了“学生响铃”。 正确做法：When the bell rang → 不能省略，因为主语不一致。看到省略先补主语，再判断是否与主句主语一致。 （二）第二步　还原主语：谁跟主句“一伙”？ 被省略的主语，必须与主句主语一致（或为it，如指代天气、时间、前文提及的事物等）。回到主句找主语，补出来的就是它。 When (she was) asked about her hometown, she smiled. → 省略 she，与主句 she 一致 If (it is) heated, ice melts. → it 指主句主语 ice（冰） 安全线：从句主语与主句主语不一致时，不能省略。 （三）第三步　判断省略后形式 把主语补回去之后，看“这个主语”与后面动词或表语的关系： 情况A：主语主动发出动作 → 用现在分词（-ing） While (she was) walking in the street, she met an old friend.（她走，主动 → walking） 情况B：主语被动承受动作 → 用过去分词（-ed） When (it is) heated, ice melts.（冰被加热，被动 → heated） Though (he was) blamed, he kept quiet.（他被责难，被动 → blamed） 情况C：系表结构省be留表语 如果从句是“主语＋be＋形容词/名词/介词短语”，省略“主语＋be”后，直接保留表语成分（形容词/名词/介词短语），此时不涉及分词选择。 Though (they are) small in size, the tea leaves carry a thousand years of memory. → 直接保留形容词 small If (you are) in doubt, ask for help. → 直接保留介词短语 in doubt When (he was) a child, he lived in Hangzhou. → 直接保留名词 a child 避坑提示：连词后直接接形容词时，绝不能加 being 或改成分词。如 Though small in size 不能写成 Though being small in size，更不能写成 Though smalling。因为形容词作表语，省略的只是“主语 + be”，形容词原样保留。 （四）主动/被动判断工具：加“被”字诀 此诀只用于判断“连词＋动词”情形；若连词后是形容词、名词、介词短语，直接按“系表结构省be留表语”处理，不参与主动被动判断。 判断时，先在心里把省略的主语补出来，再用两步： 第一步：找到省略的主语（从主句主语复制过来）。 第二步：看主语与动词之间的关系——往动词前面加“被”字试试： 意思通顺 → 被动关系（用过去分词 -ed） 意思不通顺 → 主动关系（用现在分词 -ing） 演示： He was invited → “他被邀请”通顺 → 被动 → invited 【跟着示范做】 He was walking → “他被走路”（通顺/不通顺）→ ＿＿＿＿（主动/被动）→ ＿＿＿＿（填分词） They were cooking → “他们被烹饪”（通顺/不通顺）→ ＿＿＿＿ → ＿＿＿＿（填分词） （五）易错点集中突破 坑1　主语不一致还硬省。When the bell rang, the students left 不能写成 When ringing, the students left——读者会误以为“响”的是学生。主语一旦删掉，动作的发出者就张冠李戴了。 坑2　主动被动选错分词。同为“连词＋分词”，If heated（被加热）与 While walking（正在走）形式相反，原因就是被省主语的主动被动不同。做题时先补主语、再判主被动，不要凭“顺不顺口”猜。 坑3　把“固定省略短语”当规则漏洞。if so, if not, if possible, if necessary 这类短语已经是固定搭配，省略的是 it is 整块，使用时直接照抄，不要自己随意增删。 快练： (1) If ＿＿＿＿ (possible), call me back before nine. (2) He may come tonight; if ＿＿＿＿ (not), we will start without him. 坑4　being done 与 done 的省略区别（选学扩展）。一般被动（be + done）省略“主语 + be”后，直接保留过去分词；进行被动（be being + done）省略“主语 + be”后，必须保留 being，即“being + 过去分词”。是否用 being，取决于原从句是否强调“正在被……”。 When he was questioned, he kept silent. → When questioned, he kept silent. When he was being questioned, he kept silent. → When being questioned, he kept silent. 不能把进行被动的 being 删去，否则时态意义丢失。 快练： When ＿＿＿＿ (question) by the police, he felt nervous. （六）讲后即练 1．指出下列各句省略了什么，并在心里补全。 (1) When asked about his hometown, he smiled. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ (2) Though tired, they kept working. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ (3) If heated, water boils. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 2．判断正误，错的说明理由并改正。 (1) While reading in the library, the lights went out.（　） ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ (2) When seen from the hill, the flowers look like a colorful carpet.（　） ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ (3) If not well managed, the project will fail.（　） ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ (4) While singing in the room, the window was suddenly broken.（　） ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 三、实战运用：语法填空里的省略句 省略句在语法填空中，几乎都以“连词＋（动词）”的面貌出现，考的就是把被省的主语找出来、再判主动被动。 先看下面三题，每一题都过三问：主语是谁？主动还是被动？填什么形式？ 典例精析 Hangzhou is famous for its tea culture. 1．When ＿＿＿＿ (visit) the West Lake, tourists often stop at a teahouse. 2．If ＿＿＿＿ (serve) with Longjing tea, they are taught the art of brewing. 3．When ＿＿＿＿ (compare) with black tea, Longjing has a gentler taste. 【我的答案】 1．＿＿＿＿　　2．＿＿＿＿　　3．＿＿＿＿ 四、分层练习 （一）基础层 1．While ＿＿＿＿ (read) in the library, Tom heard a strange noise. 2．Unless ＿＿＿＿ (invite), he won’t attend the party. 3．Once ＿＿＿＿ (see), the scenery can never be forgotten. 4．If ＿＿＿＿ (necessary), you can take a taxi. 5．Though ＿＿＿＿ (tire), he went on working until midnight. （二）中档层 1．When (comparing / compared) with last year, the price has risen. 2．When (Seeing / Seen) from the top, the city looks like a garden. 3．If (given / giving) more time, I could finish it better. 4．The result was much better than ＿＿＿＿ (expect). （三）挑战层：语篇中的陷阱判断 阅读下面短文，找出文中所有“状语从句省略”（含比较状语从句省略），并各补全其省略的主语与be。同时判断是否存在“主语不一致”的陷阱。 Italian food is loved worldwide. Though simple in ingredients, it surprises every taste bud. When served with fresh basil, pasta becomes a work of art. While cooking, chefs often hum old songs. Pasta can be made faster than expected. 【作答区】 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ （四）语篇定位 回读“一、课堂导入”中的茶文化短文，用括号标出所有含省略的状语从句，并在右侧补全被省略的主语＋be。 【作答区】 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ （五）开放层：主语不一致的反推训练 判断下列句子中的省略是否成立，并说明理由；若不成立，请改写为正确句子。 1．While waiting for the bus, the rain began to fall. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 2．Though tired, the work was finished on time. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ （六）语篇语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 San Francisco, one of America’s most diverse cities, has always been a cultural melting pot. When (1) ＿＿＿＿ (wander) through Chinatown, visitors feel (2) ＿＿＿＿ if they were in another country. Many old buildings, built over a century ago, still stand along the streets. If (3) ＿＿＿＿ (compare) with other American cities, San Francisco shows a stronger Asian influence. Though (4) ＿＿＿＿ (small) in area, this city packs more cultural variety than many larger ones. While (5) ＿＿＿＿ (explore) the Mission District, tourists can enjoy colorful murals. The city’s charm is greater than (6) ＿＿＿＿ (expect). When (7) ＿＿＿＿ (ask) about their favorite spot, locals often mention Golden Gate Park. Unless (8) ＿＿＿＿ (accompany) by a guide, some visitors may miss hidden alleys. Once (9) ＿＿＿＿ (taste), the sourdough bread is never forgotten. If (10) ＿＿＿＿ (give) enough time, anyone can fall in love with this city. 五、收尾带走 一句口诀 连词后，缺主谓（be）；主句主语来补位。 主动doing，被动done；若是系表留表语； 主语不同不能省。 本讲自检清单 □ 我能圈出任意句子中的省略结构（连词＋分词/形容词/介词短语），并能补全被省略的主语和be。 □ 我能用箭头从主句主语指向从句省略处，并说出两者一致。 □ 我能准确判断主语与动词的关系（用“加‘被’字诀”验证），并能区分系表结构留表语的情况。 □ 我能解释 When the bell rang 为什么不能省略成 When ringing（主语不一致）。 □ 我能区分固定省略（if possible）和一般省略。 □ 我能处理比较状语从句中的省略（如 than expected）。 □ 我能识别 being done 与 done 的省略区别，并根据语境选择。 六、课堂过关检测 下面四问，每一问都卡在本讲最难的关口上。不看笔记，先自己答一遍： ① When the bell rang, the students left 能不能省略成 When ringing？为什么？ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ② Though small in size 里 small 为什么不填分词？ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ③ faster than expected 补全后是什么？expected 是主动还是被动？ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ④ When being questioned 和 When questioned 有何不同？ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 七、课后作业 （一）语篇语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 Silk, one of China’s greatest inventions, has long been a bridge (1) ＿＿＿＿ Eastern and Western cultures. When (2) ＿＿＿＿ (trade) along the ancient Silk Road, this luxurious fabric connected the East and West. If (3) ＿＿＿＿ (compare) with other materials, silk feels softer and smoother. Though (4) ＿＿＿＿ (fragile) in appearance, silk is actually stronger than steel fiber. While (5) ＿＿＿＿ (study) the secrets of silk production, researchers found traces of ancient weaving techniques. When (6) ＿＿＿＿ (soak) in hot water, silk fibers may shrink slightly. The trade routes were busier than (7) ＿＿＿＿ (expect). Once (8) ＿＿＿＿ (store) carefully, silk can be preserved for centuries. If (9) ＿＿＿＿ (weave) by skilled hands, the fabric displays incredible patterns. Unless (10) ＿＿＿＿ (wash) with mild soap, silk may lose its shine. （二）语篇语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 Porcelain, (1) ＿＿＿＿ was first made in ancient China, traveled across oceans and won hearts worldwide. When (2) ＿＿＿＿ (display) in European palaces, these delicate pieces amazed the nobility. Though (3) ＿＿＿＿ (fragile) to the touch, porcelain can last for centuries. While (4) ＿＿＿＿ (craft) a vase, artisans often spend weeks on a single piece. The beauty of porcelain is far greater than (5) ＿＿＿＿ (imagine). Once (6) ＿＿＿＿ (fire) at high temperatures, the clay becomes translucent. If (7) ＿＿＿＿ (paint) with cobalt blue, the designs shine with depth. Unless (8) ＿＿＿＿ (handle) with care, thin porcelain may crack. When (9) ＿＿＿＿ (admire) from a distance, the glaze seems to glow. If (10) ＿＿＿＿ (preserve) well, these artifacts can survive for millennia. （三）改写题 将下列完整状语从句改写为省略形式，保持原意不变。 1．When silk was traded along the Silk Road, it connected the East and West. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 2．While researchers were studying the secrets of silk production, they found traces of ancient weaving techniques. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 3．When the students were asked about the answer, they kept silent. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 本讲完 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 Diverse Cultures 精品讲义2027春高一（下）英语-新教材人教版必修三 第5讲 Ellipsis in Adverbial Clauses（状语从句中的省略）-状语从句省略主语咋判断-语法讲练（教师版） 语法课 ● Discovering Useful Structures 【课时安排】本讲为Unit 3 Discovering Useful Structures建议用时1—2课时。 【学习目标】 1．能识别状语从句中“连词＋分词／形容词／介词短语／名词”的省略，并准确还原被省略的“主语＋be”。 2．能根据被省主语与动词的主动／被动关系，判断该用现在分词还是过去分词，并能独立识别“系表结构省be留表语”的情形，不作分词处理。 3．能在语法填空与语篇阅读中快速补全省略句语义，准确判断动作发出者，避开“主语不一致”的陷阱。 一、课堂导入：这一读，哪里“断”了？ 本单元谈多元文化，从一杯中国茶说起——它本身就是文化交流的产物。先读下面这段关于中国茶文化的短文。它读起来很顺畅，但请较一回真：每一处划线的地方，到底“谁”在做动作？ Chinese tea has conquered the world, yet few know its true story. When asked about the birthplace of Longjing, most tea lovers can only guess the region. While drinking tea, people often chat about its legends. If brewed right, the tea leaves can turn into fragrant nectar. Though small in size, the tea leaves carry a thousand years of memory. 读完先回答三个问题： ① When asked about the birthplace of Longjing —— 这里的 asked，主语是谁？ ② While drinking tea —— 这里的 drinking，主语是谁？ ③ Though small in size —— 这里的 small，主语是谁？ 答案 ① asked 的逻辑主语是主句主语 most tea lovers，完整形式为 When they are asked about the birthplace of Longjing. 从句主语与主句主语一致，省略 they are。 ② drinking 的逻辑主语是主句主语 people，完整形式为 While people are drinking tea. 从句主语与主句主语一致，省略 people are。 ③ small 的逻辑主语是主句主语 the tea leaves，完整形式为 Though they are small in size. 系表结构省略 they are，保留形容词 small。 本讲要解决的核心问题：把省略句补上主语、看清谁在动作。 二、核心精讲：给省略句补上主语（三步法） 状语从句里的省略，几乎都遵循同一条规律：当从句主语与主句主语一致（或为it）时，从句里的“主语＋be”可以一起省略。看到省略，先把它“补回去”。 （一）第一步　认出省略：连词后面“没主语” when/while/if/though/unless/once/as/before/after 这类连词引导状语从句，本该是“连词＋主语＋谓语”。如果连词后面直接是分词、形容词、介词短语或名词，且整句没有该从句的主语，通常就是省略了“主语＋be”。 错误路径演示 学生看到 When ringing, the students left，先补成 When the students were ringing，但原句是 When the bell rang，省略成了“学生响铃”。 正确做法：When the bell rang → 不能省略，因为主语不一致。看到省略先补主语，再判断是否与主句主语一致。 （二）第二步　还原主语：谁跟主句“一伙”？ 被省略的主语，必须与主句主语一致（或为it，如指代天气、时间、前文提及的事物等）。回到主句找主语，补出来的就是它。 When (she was) asked about her hometown, she smiled. → 省略 she，与主句 she 一致 If (it is) heated, ice melts. → it 指主句主语 ice（冰） 安全线：从句主语与主句主语不一致时，不能省略。 （三）第三步　判断省略后形式 把主语补回去之后，看“这个主语”与后面动词或表语的关系： 情况A：主语主动发出动作 → 用现在分词（-ing） While (she was) walking in the street, she met an old friend.（她走，主动 → walking） 情况B：主语被动承受动作 → 用过去分词（-ed） When (it is) heated, ice melts.（冰被加热，被动 → heated） Though (he was) blamed, he kept quiet.（他被责难，被动 → blamed） 情况C：系表结构省be留表语 如果从句是“主语＋be＋形容词/名词/介词短语”，省略“主语＋be”后，直接保留表语成分（形容词/名词/介词短语），此时不涉及分词选择。 Though (they are) small in size, the tea leaves carry a thousand years of memory. → 直接保留形容词 small If (you are) in doubt, ask for help. → 直接保留介词短语 in doubt When (he was) a child, he lived in Hangzhou. → 直接保留名词 a child 避坑提示：连词后直接接形容词时，绝不能加 being 或改成分词。如 Though small in size 不能写成 Though being small in size，更不能写成 Though smalling。因为形容词作表语，省略的只是“主语 + be”，形容词原样保留。 （四）主动/被动判断工具：加“被”字诀 此诀只用于判断“连词＋动词”情形；若连词后是形容词、名词、介词短语，直接按“系表结构省be留表语”处理，不参与主动被动判断。 判断时，先在心里把省略的主语补出来，再用两步： 第一步：找到省略的主语（从主句主语复制过来）。 第二步：看主语与动词之间的关系——往动词前面加“被”字试试： 意思通顺 → 被动关系（用过去分词 -ed） 意思不通顺 → 主动关系（用现在分词 -ing） 演示： He was invited → “他被邀请”通顺 → 被动 → invited He was walking → “他被走路”不通顺 → 主动 → walking They were cooking → “他们被烹饪”不通顺 → 主动 → cooking （五）易错点集中突破 坑1　主语不一致还硬省。When the bell rang, the students left 不能写成 When ringing, the students left——读者会误以为“响”的是学生。主语一旦删掉，动作的发出者就张冠李戴了。 坑2　主动被动选错分词。同为“连词＋分词”，If heated（被加热）与 While walking（正在走）形式相反，原因就是被省主语的主动被动不同。做题时先补主语、再判主被动，不要凭“顺不顺口”猜。 坑3　把“固定省略短语”当规则漏洞。if so, if not, if possible, if necessary 这类短语已经是固定搭配，省略的是 it is 整块，使用时直接照抄，不要自己随意增删。 快练： (1) If ______ (possible), call me back before nine. 答案：possible 解析：if possible 为固定省略，省略 it is。 (2) He may come tonight; if ______ (not), we will start without him. 答案：not 解析：if not 为固定省略，意为“如果不……”，具体补全根据前句语境：此处还原为 if he does not come。教师需强调固定搭配不可逐字还原为 it is not。 坑4　being done 与 done 的省略区别（选学扩展）。一般被动（be + done）省略“主语 + be”后，直接保留过去分词；进行被动（be being + done）省略“主语 + be”后，必须保留 being，即“being + 过去分词”。是否用 being，取决于原从句是否强调“正在被……”。 When he was questioned, he kept silent. → When questioned, he kept silent. When he was being questioned, he kept silent. → When being questioned, he kept silent. 不能把进行被动的 being 删去，否则时态意义丢失。 快练： When ______ (question) by the police, he felt nervous. 答案：questioned 或 being questioned 解析：两种答案均可，但语义不同：questioned 为一般被动；being questioned 为进行被动。若原句为 When he was questioned，填 questioned；若原句为 When he was being questioned，填 being questioned。学生需先判断原句时态，不能随意增删 being。 （六）讲后即练 1．指出下列各句省略了什么，并在心里补全。 (1) When asked about his hometown, he smiled. 答案：省略 he was。 (2) Though tired, they kept working. 答案：省略 they were。 (3) If heated, water boils. 答案：省略 it is（it 指代主句主语 water）。完整形式：If it is heated, water boils. 2．判断正误，错的说明理由并改正。 (1) While reading in the library, the lights went out.（　） 答案：错。reading 的逻辑主语应是主句主语 the lights，但灯不会读书；主句主语不一致，此处省略不成立。应改为：While I was reading in the library, the lights went out. (2) When seen from the hill, the flowers look like a colorful carpet.（　） 答案：正确。被省主语是主句的 the flowers，花“被从山上看”，被动关系，省略成立。 (3) If not well managed, the project will fail.（　） 答案：正确。被省主语是主句的 the project，项目“被管理”，被动关系，省略成立。 (4) While singing in the room, the window was suddenly broken.（　） 答案：错。singing 的逻辑主语应是主句主语 the window，但窗不会自己唱歌；主句主语不一致，此处省略不成立。应改为：While I was singing in the room, the window was suddenly broken. 三、实战运用：语法填空里的省略句 省略句在语法填空中，几乎都以“连词＋（动词）”的面貌出现，考的就是把被省的主语找出来、再判主动被动。 先看下面三题，每一题都过三问：主语是谁？主动还是被动？填什么形式？ 典例精析 Hangzhou is famous for its tea culture. 1．When ______ (visit) the West Lake, tourists often stop at a teahouse. 2．If ______ (serve) with Longjing tea, they are taught the art of brewing. 3．When ______ (compare) with black tea, Longjing has a gentler taste. 答案与解析 1．答案：visiting 解析：游客自己“逛”西湖，是动作的发出者——主动，填现在分词 visiting。 2．答案：served 解析：serve 在这里是“给……端上饮品”，茶被端到他们面前，they 是承受方——被动，填过去分词 served。 3．答案：compared 解析：Longjing 是被拿来与红茶“相比”的一方——被动，填过去分词 compared。 四、分层练习 （一）基础层 1．While ______ (read) in the library, Tom heard a strange noise. 答案：reading 解析：主语 Tom 自己“正在读”，主动，用现在分词。 2．Unless ______ (invite), he won't attend the party. 答案：invited 解析：he 是“被邀请”的对象，被动，用过去分词。 3．Once ______ (see), the scenery can never be forgotten. 答案：seen 解析：风景“被看见”才谈得上难忘，被动，用过去分词。 4．If ______ (necessary), you can take a taxi. 答案：necessary 解析：连词后直接接形容词，系表结构省 be 留表语，省略 it is，保留 necessary。 5．Though ______ (tire), he went on working until midnight. 答案：tired 解析：省略 he was，系表结构省 be 留表语，保留形容词 tired。 （二）中档层 1．When (comparing / compared) with last year, the price has risen. 答案：compared 解析：the price 是“被拿来比较”的一方，被动，故选 compared。 2．When (Seeing / Seen) from the top, the city looks like a garden. 答案：Seen 解析：city 不会自己“看”，它是“被从山顶看到”，被动，用 Seen。 3．If (given / giving) more time, I could finish it better. 答案：given 解析：时间“被给予”我，我是接受方，被动，用 given。 4．The result was much better than ______ (expect). 答案：expected 解析：补全为 than it was expected to be；it 指 the result，结果“被预期”，被动，用过去分词。 （三）挑战层：语篇中的陷阱判断 阅读下面短文，找出文中所有“状语从句省略”（含比较状语从句省略），并各补全其省略的主语与be。同时判断是否存在“主语不一致”的陷阱。 Italian food is loved worldwide. Though simple in ingredients, it surprises every taste bud. When served with fresh basil, pasta becomes a work of art. While cooking, chefs often hum old songs. Pasta can be made faster than expected. 答案与解析 ① Though simple in ingredients 省略 it is（系表结构省be留形容词）。 ② When served with fresh basil 省略 it is（it指pasta，pasta被端上，被动）。 ③ While cooking 省略 they are（chefs自己正在烹饪，主动）。 ④ than expected 是比较状语从句的省略，完整形式为 than it was expected to be；it 指 pasta，expect 与 it 之间是被动关系，故用过去分词 expected。 本短文不存在主语不一致的陷阱，所有省略结构均与主句主语保持一致。若将②改为 When serving with fresh basil，就变成了 pasta 自己主动去上菜，语义错乱。 （四）语篇定位 回读“一、课堂导入”中的茶文化短文，用括号标出所有含省略的状语从句，并在右侧补全被省略的主语＋be。 答案 When (they are) asked about the birthplace of Longjing... While (people are) drinking tea... If (it is) brewed right... Though (they are) small in size... （五）开放层：主语不一致的反推训练 判断下列句子中的省略是否成立，并说明理由；若不成立，请改写为正确句子。 1．While waiting for the bus, the rain began to fall. 答案：不成立。waiting 的逻辑主语应是主句主语 the rain，但雨不会“等车”；主句主语不一致。应改为：While I was waiting for the bus, the rain began to fall. 2．Though tired, the work was finished on time. 答案：不成立。tired 的逻辑主语应是主句主语 the work，但工作不会“感到累”；主句主语不一致。应改为：Though the workers were tired, the work was finished on time. （六）语篇语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 San Francisco, one of America's most diverse cities, has always been a cultural melting pot. When (1) ______ (wander) through Chinatown, visitors feel (2) ______ if they were in another country. Many old buildings, built over a century ago, still stand along the streets. If (3) ______ (compare) with other American cities, San Francisco shows a stronger Asian influence. Though (4) ______ (small) in area, this city packs more cultural variety than many larger ones. While (5) ______ (explore) the Mission District, tourists can enjoy colorful murals. The city's charm is greater than (6) ______ (expect). When (7) ______ (ask) about their favorite spot, locals often mention Golden Gate Park. Unless (8) ______ (accompany) by a guide, some visitors may miss hidden alleys. Once (9) ______ (taste), the sourdough bread is never forgotten. If (10) ______ (give) enough time, anyone can fall in love with this city. 答案与解析 (1) 答案：wandering 解析：游客自己在唐人街“逛”，主动，用现在分词。 (2) 答案：as 解析：与 if 构成 as if（仿佛），引导方式状语从句；此处为无提示词空，靠句意与搭配判断。 (3) 答案：compared 解析：San Francisco 是被“拿来相比”的一方，被动，用过去分词。 (4) 答案：small 解析：Though 后直接是形容词，系表结构省 be 留表语，省略 it is（it 指 the city），保留 small。 (5) 答案：exploring 解析：游客主动“探索”Mission District，用现在分词。 (6) 答案：expected 解析：比较状语从句省略，补全为 than it is expected to be；it 指 the city's charm，被动，用过去分词。 (7) 答案：asked 解析：locals（当地人）是被“问及”的对象，被动，用 asked。 (8) 答案：accompanied 解析：游客是“被陪同”的一方，被动，用过去分词。 (9) 答案：tasted 解析：面包“被尝过”才不会被忘记，被动，用 tasted。 (10) 答案：given 解析：任何人都是“被给予”时间的一方，被动，用 given。 五、收尾带走 一句口诀 连词后，缺主谓（be）；主句主语来补位。 主动doing，被动done；若是系表留表语； 主语不同不能省。 本讲自检清单 □ 我能圈出任意句子中的省略结构（连词＋分词/形容词/介词短语），并能补全被省略的主语和be。 □ 我能用箭头从主句主语指向从句省略处，并说出两者一致。 □ 我能准确判断主语与动词的关系（用“加‘被’字诀”验证），并能区分系表结构留表语的情况。 □ 我能解释 When the bell rang 为什么不能省略成 When ringing（主语不一致）。 □ 我能区分固定省略（if possible）和一般省略。 □ 我能处理比较状语从句中的省略（如 than expected）。 □ 我能识别 being done 与 done 的省略区别，并根据语境选择。 六、教师备讲点拨 本节四个提问节点，用来检测学生是否真懂，而不是对答案。每一问都落在本讲独有的难点上： ① 问“主语一致”：When the bell rang, the students left 能不能省成 When ringing？——学生要能说出“读者会把响铃当成学生”，省略即张冠李戴。 ② 问“系表 vs 分词”：Though small in size 里 small 为什么不填分词？——学生要能说出“这是系表结构省be留表语，不涉及主动被动”，而不是硬套“主动现在、被动过去”。 ③ 问“比较状语从句”：faster than expected 补全后是什么？——学生要能根据主句主语补出 it is / they were 等，并判断 expected 是被动（被预期）。 ④ 问“being done 与 done”：When being questioned 和 When questioned 有何不同？——学生要能说出 being 强调正在进行。 七、课后作业 （一）语篇语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 Silk, one of China's greatest inventions, has long been a bridge (1) ______ Eastern and Western cultures. When (2) ______ (trade) along the ancient Silk Road, this luxurious fabric connected the East and West. If (3) ______ (compare) with other materials, silk feels softer and smoother. Though (4) ______ (fragile) in appearance, silk is actually stronger than steel fiber. While (5) ______ (study) the secrets of silk production, researchers found traces of ancient weaving techniques. When (6) ______ (soak) in hot water, silk fibers may shrink slightly. The trade routes were busier than (7) ______ (expect). Once (8) ______ (store) carefully, silk can be preserved for centuries. If (9) ______ (weave) by skilled hands, the fabric displays incredible patterns. Unless (10) ______ (wash) with mild soap, silk may lose its shine. 答案与解析 (1) 答案：between 解析：between A and B 连接“东方与西方”，固定搭配介词；无提示词空。 (2) 答案：traded 解析：丝绸是“被贸易／被运送”的货物，被动，用过去分词 traded。 (3) 答案：compared 解析：silk 是“被拿来与别的材料相比”的一方，被动，选 compared。 (4) 答案：fragile 解析：Though 后直接是形容词，系表结构省 be 留表语，省略 it is（it 指 silk），保留 fragile。 (5) 答案：studying 解析：研究者自己“研究”，主动，用现在分词。 (6) 答案：soaked 解析：蚕丝纤维“被浸泡”在热水里，被动，用 soaked。 (7) 答案：expected 解析：比较状语从句省略，补全为 than they were expected to be；they 指 the trade routes，被动，用 expected。 (8) 答案：stored 解析：丝绸“被妥善储存”才能保存数百年，被动，用 stored。 (9) 答案：woven 解析：布料“被巧手编织”，被动，用过去分词 woven。 (10) 答案：washed 解析：丝绸“被温和的肥皂洗涤”，被动，用 washed。 （二）语篇语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 Porcelain, (1) ______ was first made in ancient China, traveled across oceans and won hearts worldwide. When (2) ______ (display) in European palaces, these delicate pieces amazed the nobility. Though (3) ______ (fragile) to the touch, porcelain can last for centuries. While (4) ______ (craft) a vase, artisans often spend weeks on a single piece. The beauty of porcelain is far greater than (5) ______ (imagine). Once (6) ______ (fire) at high temperatures, the clay becomes translucent. If (7) ______ (paint) with cobalt blue, the designs shine with depth. Unless (8) ______ (handle) with care, thin porcelain may crack. When (9) ______ (admire) from a distance, the glaze seems to glow. If (10) ______ (preserve) well, these artifacts can survive for millennia. 答案与解析 (1) 答案：which 解析：非限制性定语从句，先行词 Porcelain 在从句中作主语，填 which；无提示词空，靠句子成分判断。 (2) 答案：displayed 解析：瓷器是“被陈列”在欧洲宫殿里的，被动，用 displayed。 (3) 答案：fragile 解析：连词后直接是形容词，系表结构省 be 留表语，省略 they are（they 指 pieces），保留 fragile。 (4) 答案：crafting 解析：工匠自己“制作”花瓶，主动，用现在分词。 (5) 答案：imagined 解析：比较状语从句省略，补全为 than it is imagined to be；it 指 the beauty，被动，用 imagined。 (6) 答案：fired 解析：黏土“被高温烧制”，被动，用 fired。 (7) 答案：painted 解析：图案“被钴蓝颜料绘制”，被动，用 painted。 (8) 答案：handled 解析：薄瓷“被小心拿取”才不会裂，被动，用 handled。 (9) 答案：admired 解析：釉面“被远距离欣赏”，被动，用 admired。 (10) 答案：preserved 解析：文物“被妥善保存”才能存续千年，被动，用 preserved。 （三）改写题 将下列完整状语从句改写为省略形式，保持原意不变。 1．When silk was traded along the Silk Road, it connected the East and West. 答案：When traded along the Silk Road, silk connected the East and West. 2．While researchers were studying the secrets of silk production, they found traces of ancient weaving techniques. 答案：While studying the secrets of silk production, researchers found traces of ancient weaving techniques. 3．When the students were asked about the answer, they kept silent. 答案：When asked about the answer, the students kept silent. 本讲完 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $